Demuestra en los siguientes argumentos vlidos, por el mtodo de deduccin

natural, que las conclusiones se siguen de las premisas. Utiliza todas las reglas
de transformacin vistas previamente.

1. P
/.: P
{1} 1. P & Q
/.: P
{1} 1. P & ( Q S )
/.: P
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) & R
/.: ( P v Q )
{1} 1. ( S R ) & ( Q P )
/.: S R
{1} 1. ( R & Q ) & ( S v T )
/.: R
{1} 1. P
{2} 2. Q
/.: Q & P
{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. ( R & S )
/.: ( P Q ) & ( R & S )
{1} 1. P
{2} 2. Q
{3} 3. R
{4} 4. S
/.: [( P & Q ) & R ] & S
{1} 1. T v S
{2} 2. T
/.: S
{1} 1. ( Q & T )
{2} 2. ( Q & T ) v S
/.: S
{1} 1. S v ( P Q )
{2} 2. S
/.: ( P Q )

{1} 1. P v Q
{2} 2. P
/.: Q
{1} 1. R v ( S v T )
{2} 2. R
{3} 3. S
/.: T
{1} 1. S Q
/.: S Q
{1} 1. ( P & S )
/.: P & S
{1} 1. Q
/.: Q v { P [ P ( P P ) ] }
{1} 1. Q
/.: Q v ( P v S )
{1} 1. Q
/.: ( Q v P ) v S
{1} 1. P v R
{2} 2. P v R
/.: ( R P )
{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. Q v S
/.: P S
{1} 1. S R
{2} 2. Q S
/.: ( Q & R )
{1} 1. Q R
{2} 2. Q
/.: R
{1} 1. Q R
{2} 2. Q
/.: Q
{1} 1. Q R
{2} 2. Q
/.: R
{1} 1. Q R

{2} 2. R
/.: Q
{1} 1. ( P & Q )
{2} 2. S & ( Q v P )
/.: Q P
{1}1. R T
{2}2. T Q
/.: Q R
{1} 1. Q S
{2} 2. P Q
/.: S P
{1} 1. Q S
/.: S Q
{1} 1. Q S
/.: S Q
{1} 1. ( Q Q ) Q
/.: Q
{1} 1. R ( R R )
/.: R
{1} 1. P ( P P )
/.: ( P P )
{1} 1. P v Q
{2} 2. P
/.: Q v T
{1} 1. R v ( P v S )
{2} 2. R & P
/.: S
{1} 1. P v ( R v Q )
{2} 2. P & R
/.: Q
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. T
/.: ( R v Q ) & ( T v P )
{1} 1. Q

{2} 2. R
{3} 3. ( Q & R ) v P
/.: P
{1} 1. Q
{2} 2. Q v ( P v T )
/.: ( P v T ) & ( Q v R )
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. T v ( P v S )
{3} 3. Q & (T v R)
/.: ( P v S ) & Q

{1} 1. P Q
/.: ( P Q )
{1} 1. Q v ( T & S )
/.: Q v ( T & S )
{1} 1. T & [( Q & S ) & P ]
/.: T
{1} 1. ( P & Q ) & ( R v T )
/.: P
{1} 1. Q
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. R v S
/.: ( Q & P ) & ( R v S )
{1} 1. [ P (R P' )]
{2} 2. T
{3} 3. [( Q R) S ]
/.: T & {[ P (R P' )] & [( Q R' ) S ] }
{1} 1. P & ( Q & R )
{2} 2. ( Q & R ) & P
/.: Q & P
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. Q
{3} 3. P
/.: Q v S
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. Q
{3} 3. P

/.: [( Q & P ) & R ] v S

{1} 1. Q
/.: Q v {[( R S ) T ] v ( P & P' )}
{1} 1. R
/.: ( R v Q ) v P
{1} 1. P v (Q v R )
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. Q
/.: R
{1} 1. P v ( Q v R )
{2} 2. ( P & R )
{3} 3. Q & S
/.: R
{1} 1. ( P v Q )
{2} 2. P
/.: P & Q
{1} 1. P v Q
{2} 2. P
/.: P & Q
{1} 1. ( T & P )
/.: P & T
{1} 1. ( P & T ) & Q
/.: Q & ( T & P )
{1} 1. Q v ( R v S )
/.: ( R v S ) v Q
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v ( R v T )
/.: ( Q v P ) v ( T v R )
{1} 1. [( S R' ) v ( T R )] v [ P' v ( Q v P )]
/.: [ P v ( P v Q )] v [( S R' ) v ( T R )]
{1} 1. P ( R Q )
{2} 2. S
/.: ( P & P ) [ R (Q v Q )]
{1} 1. P S
/.: [( P v P ) & ( P v P )] S
{1} 1. [( P & P ) v ( P & P )] v [( P & P ) v ( P & P )]
/.: P

{1} 1. ( R & P ) & Q

/.: R & ( P & Q )
{1} 1. ( R & P ) & P
/.: R & P
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v ( R v S )
/.: P v [ Q v ( R v S ) ]
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v ( R v S )
/.: [ ( P v Q ) v R ] v S
{1} 1. P & [ ( Q & S ) & R]
/.: [ P & (Q & S ) ] & R
{1} 1. [ ( Q & R ) & P ] & S
/.: ( Q & R ) & ( P & S )
{1} 1. [ ( Q & R ) & P ] & S
/.: Q & [ R & ( P & S ) ]
{1} 1. Q v ( P v Q)
/.: P v Q
{1} 1. P & ( P & R )
/.: R & P
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v ( Q v R )
/.: P v ( Q v R )
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v ( Q v P )
/.: P v Q
{1} P v ( Q v R )
/.: ( P v Q ) v ( R & R )
{1} 1. [( P v P ) & ( P v P )] v S
/.: ( S & S ) v P
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v P
/.: Q v ( Q v P )
{1} 1. P S
/.: ( P S )
{1} 1. Q v ( T & S )
/.: Q v ( T & S )
{1} 1. T & [( Q & S ) & P ]

/.: T
{1} 1. ( P & Q ) & ( R v T )
/.: P
{1} 1. Q
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. T v S
/.: ( Q & P ) & ( T v S )
{1} 1. ( R T )
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. T' S
/.: P & [( R T ) & ( T' S )]
{1} 1. S & ( Q & R )
{2} 2. ( Q & R ) & S
/.: Q & S
{1} 1. T
{2} 2. Q
{3} 3. P
/.: Q v S
{1} 1. T
{2} 2. Q
{3} 3. P
/.: [( Q & P ) & T ] v S
{1} 1. Q
/.: Q v {[( T S ) R ] v ( P & S' )}
{1} 1. T
/.: ( T v Q ) v P
{1} 1. P v ( Q v R )
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. Q
/.: R
{1} 1. P v ( Q v R )
{2} 2. P & R
{3} 3. Q & S
/.: R
{1} 1. P v Q
{2} 2. P
/.: P & Q
{1} 1. P v Q

{2} 2. P
/.: Q v S'
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v R
/:. R v ( Q v P )
{1} 1. [( P T ) v R ] & S
/:. S & [ R v ( P T )]
{1} 1. ( R v T ) v ( S v Q )
/:. ( Q v S ) v ( T v R )
{1} 1. P & [ Q & ( T & S )]
/:. [( S & T ) & Q ] & P
{1} 1. [( Q & S ) & T ] & [ S' v ( R v P )]
/:. [( P v R ) v S' ] & [ T & ( S & Q )]
{1} 1. { P T ( S v P )]} & [( Q P ) ( T v R )]
/:. [( Q P ) R v T )] & {P ( P v S )]}
{1} 1. [( T & P ) & Q ] & ( R & S )
/:. ( S & R ) & [ Q & ( P & T )]
{1} 1. [( Q v Q ) & ( Q v Q )]
/:. Q
{1} 1. R ( P Q )
/:. R ( P v P ) ( Q & Q )
{1} 1. ( R v S ) v ( T & P )
/:. [( R v R ) v S ] v [( T & P ) v ( T & P )]
{1} 1. [( P Q ) & ( S v S )] R
/:. [(P Q) & S] R
{1} 1. [( T S ) v ( T S )] & [ P v ( Q v Q )]
/:. ( T S ) & ( P v Q )
{1} 1. [( Q v Q ) v ( R & R )] & [( Q v Q ) v ( R & R )]
/:. Q v R
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v (S v T)
/:. [( P v Q ) v S ] v T
{1} 1. R v [( T P ) v Q ]
/:. [ R v ( T P )] v Q
{1} 1. ( P & T ) & ( T R )
/:. P & [ T & (T R )]

{1} 1. { P [( Q v R ) v ( S v T )]} T''

/:. { P [ Q v [( R v S ) v T ]]} T''
{1} 1. [ Q & ( R & T )] & [ S & ( P & Q' )]
/:. { Q & [ R & [ T & ( S & P )]]} & Q'
{1} 1. P & [Q v (S R)]
/:. (P & Q) v [P & (S R)]
{1} 1. [ P v (S R )] & [ P v (T Q )]
/:. P v [( S R ) & ( T Q )]
{1} 1. R v ( S & P )
/:. ( R v S ) & ( R v P )
{1} 1. ( P v Q ) v R
/:. ( P v R ) v ( Q v P )
{1} 1. ( P & S ) & ( R & S )
/:. P & ( R & S )
{1} 1. P
/:. ( P v S ) & ( P v T )
{1} 1. ( P v R ) v S
{2} 2. P
/:. R v S
{1} 1. [( R v T ) v S ] & Q
{2} 2. T
/:. (Q & R) v (Q & S)
{1} 1. ( Q S ) S'
{2} 2. Q S
/.: S'
{1} 1. P ( R & T )
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. ( R & T ) S
/.: S
{1} 1. ( P Q ) ( S R )
{2} 2. S ( P Q )
{3} 3. S
/.: R
{1} 1. Q { P [ Q ( P T )]}
{2} 2. Q

{3} 3. P
/.: T
{1} 1. ( Q P ) T
{2} 2. T
{3} 3. Q ( Q P )
/.: Q
{1} 1. R Q
{2} 2. Q
/ .: R
{1} 1. [( P Q ) v R ]
{2} 2. S [( P Q ) v R ]
/.: S
{1} 1. ( S & T )
{2} 2. [( P v Q ) R ] ( S & T )
/ .: [( P v Q ) R ]
{1} 1. S' (P v T )
{2} 2. ( P v T )
{3} 3. ( P v T ) S'
/ .: ( P v T )
{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. Q R
{3} 3. R S
{4} 4. S P
/ .: P P
{1} 1. ( Q & P ) R
{2} 2. R S
{3} 3. S T
{4} 4. T ( Q & P )
/ .: R R
{1} 1. T ( P Q )
{2} 2. ( P Q ) ( T v R )
{3} 3. P' T
{4} 4. [( T v R ) & S ] P'
/ .: [( T v R ) & S ] ( T v R )
{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. R S
{3} 3. Q v S
/.: P v R
{1} 1. P v Q
{2} 2. P' Q

{3} 3. P'' P
/ .: P'' v P'
{1} 1. T ( Q & S )
{2} 2. S v S
{3} 3. ( Q & S ) S
{4} 4. R P
{5} 5. P S
/ .: 7. T v R
{1} 1. R
/.: ( P & Q ) S R )
{1} 1. Q
{2} 2. R S
{3} 3. Q S
/.: R
{1} 1. P ( S T )
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. T Q
/.: S Q
{1} 1. ( P Q ) ( S R' )
{2} 2. R T
{3} 3. T ( P Q )
{4} 4. R
{5} 5. ( S R' ) P
/ .: P
{1} 1. P ( S v R )
{2} 2. R T
{3} 3. P
{4} 4. S Q'
/.: Q' v T
{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. S P
{3} 3. Q T
{4} 4. T R
{5} 5. S v Q
/ .: Q v R
{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. S R''
{3} 3. P v S
{4} 4. Q T
{5} 5. R'' ( R & Q' )
/ .: T v ( R & Q' )

{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. S S
{3} 3. Q T
{4} 4. P v S
/.: T v S
{1} 1. P v S
{2} 2. S S'
{3} 3. S' Q'
{4} 4. R T
{5} 5. P R
/.: T v Q'
{1} 1. P T
{2} 2. S Q
{3} 3. T v Q
{4} 4. R P
{5} 5. T''' S
/.: R v T'''
{1} 1. ( R'' & T ) v Q
{2} 2. R S
{3} 3. S Q
{4} 4. P ( R'' & T )
{5} 5. Q' P
/.: Q' v R
{1} 1. P T
{2} 2. S Q
{3} 3. T v Q
{4} 4. P R
{5} 5. S R''
/.: R v R''
{1} 1. T ( Q & S )
{2} 2. S v S
{3} 3. ( Q & S ) S
{4} 4. R P
{5} 5. P S
/.: T v R
{1} 1. Q'' R
{2} 2. (P & Q ) v S
{3} 3. S ( T & R' )
{4} 4. ( T & R' ) T
{5} 5. ( P & Q ) R
{6} 6. S'' T
/.: S'' v Q''
{1} 1. P ( Q R )

{2} 2. R
{3} 3. P
/.: [( P Q ) R] [ P ( R Q )]
{1} 1. Q S
{2} 2. T
{3} 3. Q v P
/.: S v T
{1} 1. P
{2} 2. ( R & S ) Q
{3} 3. P v Q
/.: P v ( R & S )
{1} 1. P ( Q R )
{2} 2. R
{3} 3. P
/.: R Q
{1} 1. P ( Q R)
{2} 2. R
{3} 3. P
/.: P ( R Q )
{1} 1. T v S
{2} 2. S P
{3} 3. T Q
/.: Q v R
{2} 1. ( Q v R ) & P
/.: [( Q v R ) v P ]
{1} 1. ( Q v R ) v P
/.: ( Q & R ) P
{1} 1. ( Q v R ) & P
/.: [ (Q & R) v P ]
{1} 1. ( S v Q )
{2} 2. ( P v R )
/.: S & [( Q & P ) & R]
{1} 1. P v Q
{2} 2. P v Q
/.: ( Q P )
{1} 1. P Q
{2} 2. Q v R
/.: P R

{1} 1. S R
{2} 2. Q S
/.: ( Q & R )
{1} 1. Q R
{2} 2. Q
/.: R
{1} 1. Q P
{2} 2. Q
/.: Q
{1} 1. Q P
{2} 2. Q
/.: P
{1} 1. Q R
{2} 2. R
/.: Q
{1} 1. ( P & Q )
{2} 2. S & ( Q v P )
/.: Q P
{1} 1. R T
{2} 2. T Q
/.: Q R
{1} 1. Q S
{2} 2. P Q
/.: S P
{1} 1. Q S
/.: S Q
{1} 1. Q S
/.: S Q
{1} 1. ( Q Q ) Q
/.: Q
{1} 1. R ( R R )
/.: R
{1} 1. P ( P P )
/.: ( P P )
{1} 1. Q
{2} 2. P
/.: ( R v R ) & Q

{1} 1. P
{2} 2. Q
/.: ( P v P ) & Q
{1} 1. S ( Q Q )
{2} 2. R S
/.: R
{1} 1. ( P & P ) v R
{2} 2. R Q
/.: Q
{1} 1. Q
/.: ( T S ) v ( T S )
{1} 1. R & Q
/.: R & {[( S & P ) v T ] & [( S & P ) v T ]}
{1} 1. ( P v R ) v S
{2} 2. R
{2} 3. P Q
/.: S Q
{1} 1. ( R v T )
{2} 2. R ( Q S )
/.: S Q
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. P
{3} 3. S ( R v P )
/.: S v Q
{1} 1. ( Q v T ) ( T v Q )
{2} 2. S Q
/.: S
{1} 1. R v Q'
{2} 2. S
{3} 3. P
{4} 4. ( P' & T ) & Q
{5} 5. P' v [ S v ( P v R)]
/ Q'
{1} 1. ( P R )
{2} 2. T
{3} 3. (Q & S )
/ ( S & T ) & ( P R )

{1} 1. ( P & Q ) & R

{2} 2. T & S
/ [ T v ( P' Q' )] & ( P v Q' )
{1} 1. Q S
{2} 2. T R
{3} 3. Q v T
/ ( Q v T ) ( R v T )
{1} 1. P ( T & R )
{2} 2. ( R & T ) v ( S v Q )
/ P ( Q S )
{1} 1. T R
{2} 2. Q S
{3} 3. R v S
/ T v Q
{1} 1. ( P v T ) ( S & T )
{2} 2. ( S & T ) ( Q R )
{3} 3. ( S & T ) v ( P v T )
/ Q v T
{1} 1. P
/ ( P v S ) & ( P v Q )
{1} 1. ( Q v R ) v S
{2} 2. Q
/ R v S
{1} 1. [( R v T ) v S ] & Q
{2} 2. T
/ ( Q & R ) v ( Q & S )
{1} 1. P ( S Q )
{2} 2. ( S Q ) R
{3} 3. T Q'
{4} 4. P & Q'
/ R & T
{1} 1. R & (S Q)
/ ( P v R ) & [ P v ( S v Q )]
{1} 1. R v T
{2} 2. R
/ T
{1} 1. ( P & S )

{2} 2. P
/ S
{1} 1. P v Q
{2} 2. P & ( R & S)
{3} 3. R
/ Q & S
{1} 1. ( R v Q ) & P
{2} 2. ( P v R )
/ Q
{1} 1. [( Q & S ) & ( R v T )]
{2} 2. ( S v Q )
/ R T
{1} 1. P
{2} 2. Q
/ P & ( Q v S)
{1} 1. ( P v R ) v S
{2} 2. R
{3} 3. P Q
/ S Q
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. P ( Q T )
{3} 3. R v S
/ ( Q T ) v S
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. T
{3} 3. S ( R v T )
/ S v Q
{1} 1. ( R v T )
{2} 2. R ( Q S )
/ S Q
{1} 1. ( Q v T ) ( T v Q )
{2} 2. S Q
/ S
{1} 1. P [ S ( R v Q )]
{2} 2. (Q S)
/:. P v (S & R)
{1} 1. Q v ( R & S )
{2} 2. R
/:. [ T ( S R )] v Q

{1} 1. P & Q
{2}. Q v ( R v S )
/:. ( R S) T
{1} 1. ( Q & R ) v ( R Q )
{2} 2. [P (Q R)] v T
/:. P T
{1} 1. [( P P ) ( Q Q )]
{2} 2. [( P & R ) v ( P & R )]
/ R Q
{1} 1. ( Q v S ) & ( R T )
{2} 2. ( T v P' ) v ( P & S )
{3} 3. ( P v S ) & R
/ P'
{1} 1. (P' & Q' ) v ( Q' P' )
{2} 2. [P ( P' Q' )] v R'
/ P R'
{1} 1. P [ S ( R v S' )]
{2} 2. (S' S)
/ P v ( S & R )
{1} 1. S' v ( R & P' )
{2} 2. R
/ [ R' ( P' R )] v S'
{1} 1. P & R'
{2} 2. R' v (R v S)
/ ( R S) T
{1} 1. ( P v R ) v S
{2} 2. R
{3} 3. P Q
/ S Q
{1} 1. ( R v T )
{2} 2. R ( Q S )
/ S Q
{1} 1. R
{2} 2. T'
{3} 3. S ( R v T' )
/ S v Q
{1} 1. ( P v T ) ( T v P )
{2} 2. S P

/ S
{1} 1. P ( P P )
{2} 2. Q ( Q Q )
{3} 3. P ( P P )
{4} 4. Q ( Q Q )
{5} 5. R ( P Q )
/ R
{1} 1. P v ( R v Q )
{2} 2. T R
{3} 3. S v ( P ( P P ))
{4} 4. (S T)
/ Q
{1} 1. Q v P
{2} 2. R v P'
{3} 3. S v T
{4} 4. R v T
{5} 5. Q v P'
/ P v S
{1} 1. Q v ( P v S )
{2} 2. [ S v ( R' P' )] v T
{3} 3. [(S' R) v S' ]
{4} 4. {[ S' ( S' & R )] T } & Q
/ R' v P'
{1} 1. P
{2} 2. {[ P ( S v P' )] & [( Q' & T ) v ( S v P' )]} v {[ P & ( R & R )] v [ P
( R v R )]}
/:. ( Q' & T ) v P
{1} 1. P
/:. P ({{( Q Q ) & [( T v T ) & P ]} v ( P & P )} v {{ ( Q Q ) & [( T v T )
& ( R v S )]} v P })
{1} 1. P' Q'
{2} 2. R' & S'
{3} 3. P'' v P'
{4} 4. T T'
{5} 5. ( Q' R ) ( P' & P' )
{6} 6. P'' P
{7} 7. S Q''
{8} 8. R' T'
/:. { T' & [ R' v ( P R )]} & { S' & [ R' v ( T v S )]}
{1} 1. S [( P Q ) & ( R & P' )]
{2} 2. ( R v P ) & ( P v R )
{3} 3. Q { P [ ( P P ) v { [ Q & ( R v P' )]}]}

{4} 4. {[( Q P ) v ( Q R )] v ( P R )} Q
/:. ( R v P' ) & ( P & Q )
{1} 1. [( P' & P ) v T ] [ R ( S & P' )]
{2} 2. ( P' v P ) T
{3} 3. [ P v ( S & P' ) ] v [ ( P' & T ) v P ) ]
{4} 4. ( P' v S )
/:. ( R P ) & [ { P & [ T & ( S & P' )]} v { ( S v P' ) & [( P v P ) & P ]}]
{1} 1. S P'
{2} 2. ( R S) ( T' & P'' )
{3} 3. ( P v T )
{4} 4. P' R
{5} 5. ( Q' v Q'' ) ( P v T )
{6} 6. R' S'
/:. ( R S ) & {[( P v T ) v ( T' & P'' ) ] & [( Q' v Q'' ) & ( R'' v S'' )]}
{1} 1. P T
{2} 2. Q P
{3} 3. ( P' & T )
{4} 4. P v R
{5} 5. S R
{6} 6. P' v Q'
{7} 7. Q v P'
/:. ( P' & S ) v {[( Q & Q ) ( T & P ) ] & ( T v Q' )}
{1} 1. [( P & Q ) ( R S )] & R
{2} 2. S & {( P Q ) [ P' v ( T v P' )]}
{3} 3. ( Q' R' ) & ( R' & Q' )
/ T & Q'

{1} 1. P' S'

{2} 2. Q & P''
{3} 3. T' v P'
{4} 4. T R'
{5} 5. ( S' R ) ( T' & P' )
{6} 6. T' P
{7} 7. S Q''
{8} 8. Q R'
/:. { R' & [ Q v ( P R )]} & { P'' & [ Q v ( T v S )]}