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Prehistoric bison
TREASURES
An outstanding example of Paleolithic art, this bison's head was incised in the clay
OF
WORLD
ART
floor of a cave at Niaux, southwestern France, in the 11th millenium of the pre-
Christian era.
The artist used tiny natural cavities formed in the clay by dripping
water to indicate the animal's eye as well as ritual wounds in its body.
page
4
NOVEMBER
1977
30TH
YEAR
By Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow
PUBLISHED
IN
16
LANGUAGE
5
English
Japanese
Dutch
French
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish
Hindi
Turkish
Russian
Tamil
Urdu
German
Hebrew
Arabic
Persian
By Enuga S. Reddy
12
14
Educational, Scientific
16
By Sean MacBride
Subscription rates
1 year : 28 French Francs
20
2 years: 52 FF
22
be
supplied
on
request.
Unsolicited
will
By Hage G. Geingob
By Marion O'Callaghan
manuscripts
Signed articles
26
By Stphane A. Ogouki
27
29
A 30-YEAR STRUGGLE
The sustained efforts to give force of law
Wilson
By Karel Vasak
Co..
New
York,
and
in
Current
Contents
30
33
UNESCO NEWSROOM
Editor-in-Chief
Ren Caloz
Assistant Editor-in-Chief
Olga Rodel
33
Managing Editors
English
Edition
By Boris I. Stukalin
French
Edition
Spanish
Edition
Russian
German
Arabic
Edition
Japanese
Edition
Italian
Hindi
Tamil
Edition
Hebrew
Edition
Persian
Edition
Dutch
Edition
Portuguese
Edition
Turkish
Urdu
Edition
Cover
In three countries of southern Africa
Assistant Editors
rights.
as
isolated occurrences.
The
U.N.'s
world campaign
against apartheid
by
Enuga
and the
liberation
movements in
southern
S. Reddy
to the
United
Nations.
racial
discrimination,
which
are
major
The
decades,
African
people
in
Rhodesia,
South
legitimate rights.
ful change to full equality, and met the African demands with
appeared.
Apartheid, and also heads the U.N. Educational and Training Programme
for Southern Africa and the U.N.
He was
These
conflicts
have
spilled
beyond
national
boundaries.
arms
and
ammunition
to
that
country.
This
resolution
was
suit
discrimination
in
South
Africa
and
with
South
Africa's
Namibia and declared that the territory was henceforth under the
Africa
has evolved
sanctions and
ranging
from
mere appeals to
other forms
programmes
of
of
pressure,
international
to
apply
finally to
wide-
attempts
and
action
at
governmental
1960,
the
United
Nations
annually
appealed
to
the
U.N.
in
that
territory
attempted
to
obtain
independence
without
that
rgime
made
Council
of that territory.
strenuous
African
objections,
to
approach
the
inter
ed
African
government,
determined
to
against
the
growing
movement
for
freedom
the Security
mandatory
sanctions
The effective
the
fact
that
South
Africa
(and
resist
the
by
bique in
South
imposed
The
and
South
unilateral
in
South
Windhoek,
peacefully demonstrating
against
forcible
move
at
peaceful
demonstration
No coun
against
racist
Declaration
on
the
dence to Colonial
solemnly
Granting
of
Indepen
Countries and
proclaiming
the
need
Peoples,
to
bring
agreement.
resolutions,
Socialist
and
other
the
African
states,
states,
pressed
for
supported
by
economic
and
Asian,
other
that
South
attention
held
in
1977 with
continued
other
little
conferences were
and
pay
important world
to
economic
would
Two
Africa
relations
with
the
The latter
appropriate, and that they could not achieve the desired results.
United Nations deliberations began to reflect a consensus on the
The
United
Nations
has
recognized
the
legitimacy
of the
SWAZILAND
LESOTHO
1967,
it established
the
office
of
the
Commissioner, for
Africa
has
involved
hundreds
of
thousands
of
Special
campaign,
to
humanitarian
expand
and
information
educational
activity
assistance
and
to
to
the
administer
victims
of
apartheid.
partners
towards
the
for example,
implementation
announced
in
of
U.N.
resolutions.
halting
Republic
of
Namibia.
Germany
has
decided
to
close
its
consulate
in;
Africa.
refused
to
recognize
the
administration in Namibia.
South
African
Many of them
these countries.
assist
political
prisoners
and
their
bia, and have invited the national liberation movements from the
voluntary contributions.
South Africa
movements,
families
in
South
Africa,
withdrew from Unesco in 1955 and has since been expelled from
An
effort to
isolate
the
minority
continue
Non-governmental
to
maintain
groups
have
relations
organized
with
South
boycotts
of
Africa.
South
ries.
The United
(ILO),
Food
and
the World
Agriculture
Health Organization
Organization
(WHO),
(FAO).
The
and the
U.N.
High
mothers
and
children
through
the
national
liberation
movements.
Few
liberation
struggles
in
history
have
assistance
from
the
international
community.
increasingly
pressure.
isolated
and
face
mounting
Namibia,
with
U.N.
participation
in
the
adamant in
with
enormous
casualties
and
inevitable
repercussions
United
Nations
is
attempting,
as
matter
of
utmost
observance
of
International
Anti-Apartheid
Year
in
1978
South
Africa
The vignettes in the above text are by the Polish artist Zygmunt Gasowski
International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, France
facts
and
fiction
by Leslie Rubin
Liberal Party of South Africa (1953-1960), he presented a petition to the U.N. Special
Committee on Apartheid in 1963. Among his many published works are Apartheid in
Practice, published by the U.N. in 1970 and translated into eight languages, and (with
Brian Weinstein) Introduction to African Politics: A Continental Approach, published
by Praeger, New York, 1974.
M^HBH^HMi
1948, .
nationalism
when
came
to
Afrikaner
power
in
media.
ganda
generously-financed
machine
pours
out
propa
information
African
Foundation,
papers
carry
full-page
advertisements
asserting the contentment of all South
Africa's peoples.
Illustrated publications
describe the successes of apartheid.
Well-trained,
persuasive
officials
of
the
deliberate
claims
The
For
1976-1977 it was
more
South
indigenous
CLAIM:
to
$ 5 million.
by
African
propa
inhabitants
of South Africa
that
than $ 15 million.
made
is
In 1948 the
$ 140,000; by
misrepresentation
common.
Taken as a whole the propa
ganda offers a grossly deceptive picture
of South Africa today.
the
South
man
Africa
at
and
about
the
African
the
same
came
time.
moderate.
, FACTS:
logical
Anthropological
research
settled
African
has
and
communities
Leo
archaeo
established
that
existed
Marquard,
South
Africa,
has
noted
authority
described
the
on
Bantu
in
there
today
were
settlements
Johannesburg
1060 A.D."
logist,
cited
in
"as
what
early
is
as
Monica
Wilson,
15th-century
writing
in
Portuguese
1959,
records
their
mines
manpower,
and
which
factories
and
goes
farms
to
to
the
earn
had
the
people.
proving
that
one time
shipwrecked
or another,
sailors
so-called
homelands
of
the
African
1966,
Professor Vernon
School
Studies,
of
Advanced
Johns
McKay
of
International
Hopkins
University
in the world
(except
South Africa)
has
Boputhatswana,
"independent"
is
in
due
1977.
to
The
dence".
less simultaneously' . . .
Although the
above argument is largely irrelevant, it may
be worthwhile to
point
out that
South
Representative
Council
and
the
South
advisory.
do
not
share
power
with
the
whites.
Separate development
CLAIM: The South African population consists
of whites, several distinct African nations,
"indepen
the
offence.
tical,
social
and
economic
future
for
each
CLAIM:
In
October
1975
"The
the
Information
Magazine:
more
"...Blacks
in
personal freedom
the
South
than
Africa
enjoy
probably
else
tive political
voice
than
in
much
of Africa;
year.
Right
to
work:
There
are
laws
that
the government to
reserve
occupations
exclusively
for
handed back"...
Africa;
blacks in
South Africa
enjoy
better
affairs".
African
of South Africa.
, ans
whose
labour
available
to
Africans...
The
is
not
required
are
his
received
African
a
shop
suspended
manager
sentence
both
of
on
black managers
occupation.
1977.
10
Administration and
Development in July
"41
The
"homelands"
are
r- 7
not
alleviating
for training
through
reduced.
industrial
development
"borderlands" and
"homelands".
while 60,000
persons were
sent
in
the
Mean
to
the
In 1968-1969 alone,
In
1973
the
per
capita
earnings
of
per
African
doctors
Facilities
have
been
Soweto
riots
and
demonstrations
ethnic groups.
teacher-pupil
The
white, 1
South Africa".
world,
month.
Africans in the adjoining town
ship of Soweto earned $ 19 per month.
Health:
The
health
system
whereas African
for
medical
South
services
and
serious
shortage
of
doctors.
She warned
: 22; African 1
: 60.
education
schools.
In
is
1977,
with
coloured children
Education:
separated
Almost 30 years
and
of
white-controlled
rigidly
schools
prohibited
two
in
Roman
The over
closure
In 1975,
unless
few
African
and
11
SOUTH AFRICA:
"SOME ARE
MORE EQUAL
THAN OTHERS
WHITES
BLACKS
4.5 million
19 million
Population
87 per cent
13 per cent
Land allocation
Share of national
75 per cent
income
Ratio of average
14
earnings
Minimum taxable
750 rands
360 rands
income
Doctors/population
1 for 400
27 per 1,000
ratio
1 for 44,000
Annual expenditure on
$696
1 for 22
$45
Pupil/teacher ratio
1 for 60
(1) The remaining 5 per cent is divided between the coloureds and the Asians.
Facts and figures in this table are drawn from U.N. sources
and from the article on these pages
means
Police
have
assaulted,
arrested,
and
African universities.
dents,
and
school
pupils
have
been
of
harassment,
threats,
arrests,
partic
the
same
day
He
following
them
In
they
riots.
In
editor
were
covering
December
of
The
1976
World,
the
Percy
Qoboza,
12
released
criticism of apartheid.
townships.
Soweto
South
In
1977 Winnie
imprisoned
Mandela,
African
from
Soweto.
Mandela,
described
Prime
Minister
banished
of the
Nelson
torial
which
was
wife
leader
White students from the University of Cape Town (above) manifest their
force
of 20
policemen
removal
from
present
that
her
if
carrying
home,
they
told
took
out the
solidarity with black African pupils during the 1976 Soweto riots.
reporters
photographs
now in exile or, like the distinguished poet Breyten Breytenbach, in prison.
In his essay "Vulture Culture", Breytenbach summed up the insidious effects
The family
CLAIM: The pass laws, which deny Africans
the right of permanent residence in a South
population about 8
towns of white
million
South
live
Africa,
in
the
and their
undermine
millions.
the family
life
of
these
more
than
72
hours
if
she
has
not
approved
of
consultation
between
"the
do so.
FACTS:
Sport
CLAIM:
full-page
advertisement
in
an
independen t judiciary.
South
Africa
police
state
in sport..."
Koornhof,
and coloured.
widespread
Recre
created
apparatus.
powers
of
draconian
Since
arrest,
60
detention
(often
policy,
declared
that
"white,
coloured,
incommunicado),
1950,
banning, and
house
tion,
banishment,
arrest,
without
13
of
South
Africa
estimates the
the
hundred
present
time.
are
in
From
detention
April
at
1976
to
Prime
Minister
Vorster
South
Africa's
has
refused to do so.
at
the
United
Nations,
said
on
captive
work-force
been
in the area.
FACTS:
Since
1974
blacks
have
person
minimal
and
peripheral.
They
leave
the :
10
March
1977,
Prime
Minister
belongs:
apartheid
affects every
either
employed
unemployed
must
register
or
not
with
lawfully
labour
bureaux.
own country.
African society."
ing steadily.
Leslie Rubin
many
integration.
barriers
as
possible
between
the
races.
Each
An
commodity to us...
it is
has
lived or worked
there over a
long
by
the
International
14
Labour
Organization,
whites.
and areas.
households
is
still
much
lower than
the
above
certain
level
of
skill
or
responsibility.
An African worker can only be accompa
nied by his wife if she is entitled to reside in
the same area as her husband.
Otherwise,
is
closely
interwoven
with
that
in
The
Industrial
In almost all
definition
"employee".
belong
selves in.
for whites.
Bantu territories.
arrival
or
overstays
the
authorized
of laws.
training.
ILO report,
the
for
advanced training".
Up to the end
admission
to
apprenticeship
and
since 1970.
has
become
even
stricter
trade
unions,
unions.
but such
Of
legally
In
for
Africans
and
590
rands
for
whites.
$1.15).
do
shop assistant,
registered
rands
Legislation
an
nursing.
constitutes
what
to
of
not,
enormous:
of
harsh
penalties,
including
the
death
penalty.
Strikes still take place: there were 169
between January 1975 and June 1976.
In
. i
15
Namibia
moves
towards
independence
by Sean MacBride
karakul
sheep
are
widely
grazed.
It will
man origin.
Namibia,
formerly called
South
West
and
to
prevent
the! European
powers
in 1884.
the spoils.
colonial
powers
divided
Africa
among
an
them.
'
It
and
It was
civilization"
area
of
some
820,000
square
ture
and
the
German
German cul
language
were
implanted.
can
administration
The
mandate
as
agreement
granted
the
The territory
page 7.)
Angola.
with
On its
The fighting
and
the
United
Nations
trusteeship
system.
In
the years
of
its
mandate.
It forced
Unable to
between
South
Africa
and
SWAPO
South Africa's
until independence.
SEAN MacBRIDE, the distinguished Irish politician
and jurist,
was
United Nations
Namibia from
1973 to
Nobel
Prize
Peace
in
1976.
1974
Commissioner for
the
International
to 1975.
world
communication
page 33).
16
problems
(see
news
item
They were
Claiming
Left, a
home village.
17
ment
quit
reporting
to
the
General
mandate still
existed,
that
the
action.
parties against
South
Africa,
charging
White
by
villas
and
black
action:
it
revoked
the
mandate
shanty-towns
and
The name of
The
originally
called,
was
correspondingly
changed to Council for Namibia.
South Africa, however, refused to recog
nize the Assembly's right to take these
steps.
Court
Consequently,
of
Justice
was
the
International
asked
to
rule
on
and
Africa
is
therefore
under
an
U.N.
4.
In
terms
of Article 25 of the
'-V-.
****7.-
Charter
4t
%n
2
South
Africa
(Author's italics)
*>
18
19
people of Namibia.
train
illegal
tion has stretched on for over a decade is
Namibians
administration
Government
of
set
South
up
by
Africa
nor
the
to
for
tomorrow
illegal occupation.
States are bound to make it clear at all
clear and
unambiguous.
South
Africa
surrender
licences,
Nations.
concessions,
mining and prospecting rights,
and so on.
the
Territory
It will
then
to
the
be for the
United
United
The
constituent
an interim
elections
will
be
to
Namibia.
necessary..."
United
simple:
1. The
United
Nations
has
given
full
for
by Hage G. Geingob
Namibia
to
protect
the
natural
THE
Universal
Declaration
of
Human
African
Namibians
administrative
who
could
responsibilities.
assume
Ultimately
education
in
Namibia,
which
till
defined
as
an
instrument
to
perpetuate
white domination.
in
South
Africa
as
in
Namibia.
Namibia.
(SWAPO)
to
the
20
In Namibia race determines which school system white, coloured or African a child must enter. The
African system is further segregated, along ethnic lines: above (from left to right) a Herero, a Baster and a
Damara girl. In black schools the level of teaching is very low, and only a few dozen pupils graduate each
year from secondary school. To prepare for Namibian independence and to train administrators for the future
state, the U.N. in cooperation with Unesco has set up the U.N. Institute for Namibia in Lusaka (Zambia).
political interests.
The Afri
Herero
schools,
Ovambo
schools,
Consequently,
many
Namibians
have
and foundations.
Namibians had
had
SWAPO
(South
West
Africa
new Namibia
must therefore
have a
People's
gest
over 60 years.
University
education
for
Africans
In
secondary
education,
the
teachers
no
institutions
of
higher
learning
in
Namibia, for either Europeans or Africans.
It is very easy for whites to obtain passports
in
Two or
measure
self-management
administrative
for
the
cadres
future
in
the
Namibian
field
of
education.
primary and
able
to
contribute
to
the
new
of
solutions
which
will
Hage G. Geingob
21
For
Rhodesia's
blacks,
the
name
Zimbabwe
symbolizes
past glories
and
future
freedom
by
Marion
O'Callaghan
MARION
O'CALLAGHAN
of
Trinidad
author
of
Southern
Rhodesia:
the
International
Development
of
Social
22
11th century and was the political and religious centre of an Afri
state.
which while it did not and was not meant to end the semi-
external trade.
Land became more important for the settlers as the hopes enter
some indication that Lobengula did not understand and was not
. rule.
In the face of this the Shona and the Matabele united in the
"rebellion" of 1897.
In prac
tice this meant settler rule, and from the beginning ensured that
the colonization of Rhodesia would follow a different pattern from
that of most of Africa.
were to last in their broad outlines until today. A franchise was ela
$15 (R) for 30 days' work, semi-skilled and skilled workers earning
between $30 (R) and $40 (R). In 1964, the African agricultural
wage was 4.6 per cent of the European wage; by 1974 it had drop
ped to 4.3 per cent.
Child labour is often part of the farm school system, children
being given half-day schooling and $1.50 (R) to $3.00 (R) for
30 days.
The mines present a similar picture.
rage African wage was only 8.6 per cent of the average European
wage.
By 1974, average African wages were only 6.9 per cent of '
23
L
m^t&5ry'
Drawing
Ian Mackenzie Kerr
Zimbabwe:
eloquent ruins
of an ancient
capital
Massive granite remains of Zimbabwe
dating back to the 11th century rise on a
hilltop to the south of Salisbury.
They
Zimbabwe, which
Drawing
dead kings.
* service.
tion and Registration Act. This law, which provides not only for
the registration of Africans, but obliges them to carry a special
Housing varies from tin huts to men's barracks and family dwel
lings. The tendency however is to establish single dwellings, so
even when men can legally bring their wives from the rural areas,
jobs.
spread of education.
white municipalities.
available
in white areas.
African
social welfare
is
maintained
24
'' Both the economic role expected from Africans and the method
of maintaining white political control through a limited franchise
dictated the level and the content of African education.
Efforts
most
Africans
who
had
gone
to
school
at
all
were
semi-literate.
This provided a
The flowering
of
modern
Shona sculpture
Its
aim has rather been stated in the more neutral terms of "commu
nity development".
They are
and London.
mid-forehead.
It
Guerrilla
incursions into Rhodesia had started before the independence of
Mozambique: they increased afterwards.
But besides armed revolt, Rhodesia was faced with the non-
recognition
of its so-called
are segregated.
South Africa.
rule at best only a century in the long history of their country and
will not Zimbabwe continue long after Rhodesia is nothing but a
name?
Marion O'Callaghan
25
Stigma
on
South African
sport
by Stphane A. Ogouki
pete
champions,
Even then,
among
themselves
to
select
same.
own competitions.
South
Africa's exclusion
mination in sport.
nistered
by organizations
corresponding
HHHHHMBHBBHMHIH
26
their
Above, a
Unesco's
role
"interference
South
African
and
studies
being
distributed
in
South Africa.
ties,
and
underlined
in
the
regulations-
totalled 131
Africa.
of
differing
"racial"
groups
was
not
divided
relations.
1955,
the system
the
of apartheid was
population
into
three
main
Culture
and
Information,
by
Reginald Austin.
on Education,
fields
of
education,
science
ed
this
task
and
added
another
1977.
field
of
research: information.
of
the
population)
as
against
the population).
Further research is in progress, including
a study on the way in which the internatio
nal
press
the
Director-General
of
has
presented
the situation
in
in
South
Africa,
Namibia
and
Zimbabwe.
ments of Zimbabwe,
Namibia
Africa.
contributed
Dakar
and
cent
By
per
1976)
Unesco
also
International
devoted
to
and
Conference
the
violation
South
to
the
(January
of
human
rights in Namibia.
Unesco,
Finally,
tance
Should
these
obstacles
prove
insuffi
for
A second
education
to
several
liberation
will
be
racial association.
South Africa,
dated,
bury.
Africa.
is
discrimination in sport.
27
Africans from neighbouring countries such as Lesotho, Botswana and Malawi come to
work in South African and Rhodesian mines in the absence of employment at home. This
inflow ties white southern Africa's neighbours to the industrial nexus of apartheid and
keeps them in a state of economic dependence.
numbered and referred to by their number.
28
THE United
Nations system is in a
A group
1976(1).
sions
sively
of
tasks
the
vis-a-vis
States,
has
defence
the
as
of
one
of
human
governments
of
this
not
imply
without
number
its
these
that
the
Laws
rights
verbatim.
form of discrimination?
rights,
in
the
sense
that
their
respect
on the other
of the Declaration,
rights
which
may
be
called
"rights
of
solidarity".
A 30-year
struggle
Universal
Declaration
value.
of Human Rights
December 1960.
by Karel Vasak
of
the
Universal
Declaration
of
Human Rights.
The second and third parts were only
accomplished 18 years later, with the adop
tion
on
16
can States.
Human
on 3 January 1976.
dealt
with
civil
and
political
The
Universal
Declaration
of
Commission of
sentatives
tional legislators.
international
of
Member States,
has. been
norms
concerning
human
Rights.
goals.
The
Human
29
The Universal
Declara
Proclaimed by the
Article 1
United
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and
Article 4 -
Article 5 -
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalien
able rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of free
dom, justice and peace in the world.
Article 6 -
Article 7 -
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law.
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barb
arous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the
advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech
and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the
Article 8
last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights
should be protected by the rule of law,
' ,
Article 10 -'
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed
their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the
him.
human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have deter
Article 11
freedom.
in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve,
in co
defence.
operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for
(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal
offence was committed.
Article 12 -
Now, Therefore,
Article 13 -
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to
return to his country.
Article 14 -
both
(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples
of territories under their jurisdiction.
arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
30
Article 15 -
on
10
December
1948
Article 16 -
(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due
(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is
entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17 \
Article 18 -
Article 25 -
(2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance.
Article 19 -
Everyone
has
the
right
to
freedom" of
opinion
and
All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social
protection.
without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas
through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 26 -
Education shall be
Article 21
(2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government;
this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be
by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equi
(2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human perso
nality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamen
tal freedoms.
It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship
among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities
of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be
given to their children.
Article 27 -
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material inte
Article 22 -
is the author.
Article 28 -
pensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
Article 23 -
(3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity,
and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protec
tion of his interests.
Article 29 -
(3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30 -
Article 24 -
pay.
31
A 30-year struggle
tant
role
depending
on
the
number
of
in
of
international
com
defined
as
its
expression
increased
that
of
ensure
Freedom
has
progressively
broadened
its
approach.
respect
Agreement
on
Freedom
of
Association
of
the
ILO
Unesco
seeks
to
promote
education,
Thus it has
The right of
dations,
including
concerning
the
Education
Understanding,
Recommendation
for
International
Cooperation
and
Peace
Declaration
the
freely to participate in
It is only
General
Conference
proclaimed
the
19th
session
in
Nairobi
on 26
November
The
protection
of
copyright
and
the
heritage are
International
community.
recently,
refers
the
Facilitating
provoked
many
and
often
heated
debates.
are
with
dered
Unesco's competence.
considered
as
as
"negative")
"positive").
or
They sometimes
ed in Paris in 1971.
At
its
Nairobi
session,
the
General
monuments,
sites,
manuscripts,
collec
tion
and
Netherlands,
Senegal,
Zaire.
32
Norway,
Surinam,
Panama,
Sweden,
Peru,
Uruguay,
Philippines,
Venezuela,
groups,
Unesco
intends
to
remain
G3
ib
Unesco sets up
es
2,000 cell scientists trained
world communications
The
advisory group
Unesco has set up a 16-member international
scientists
expected
to
Unesco's
make
1978
page
16).
preliminary
General
world
since
its
At a
It is
report
the
over
(see biographical
all
land
from
to
International
Fair Play
Awards
Cooperation guide
guide
informing
developing
countries
of
been
published
Programme
by
the
(UNDP).
U.N.
Entitled
of
over
900
organizations ' in
26
Development
Directory
67
Presenting the
Stamps
September
1977,
the
Director-General
of
against racism
countries
On
Postal
mental
($10.00 or equivalent in
Member States.
campaign
other currencies) to
19
September
1977,
the
U.N.
committee
composed
of
30
Unesco
The k
Books
in 151 languages
A major exhibition of translated works-
by Boris I. Stukalin
last
countries.
lion
tion
copies.
ings
books
July.
of the
was
held
U.S.S.R.,
in
Moscow
copies
of
books
and
booklets
by
Over
200
of
them
have
had
33
UNESCO
NEWSROOM
Education
and
the
environment
presented Unesco's silver medal to Mr. Jean Larnaud, Secretary-General of the Centre since its
foundation.
Medal
for a
militant
the
United
Nations Children's
cards.
All
these
cards
are
now
available
at
water,
century
BOOKS
IN
151
and
educational
opportunities.
For
Italian
treatise
on
medicinal
Card
herbs.
LANGUAGES
regular readers.
sent day.
British
authors,
4,590
works
(230
million
Mexico,
Uruguay,
Brazil,
Peru
and
34.
state.
books.
This
Soviet
Union
has
immense
forests.
One
published.
sures
industry,
ched 672.
in
the
national
republics,
enabling
us
to
satisfy
the
In the
is
and
in
develop,
books will
we
are
convinced
that
the
Boris I. Stukalin
Just published
SOUTHERN
RHODESIA:
carefully documented
analysis,
based
largely on
the
Also examines
teacher training
censorship
libraries
propaganda.
1975
124 pp.
10 Francs
156 pp.
15 Francs
1974
170 pp.
20 Francs
256 pp.
24 Francs
60 French francs
293 pp.
- HUNGARY. Akadmial
Budapest VI.
Konyvtrosok
ICELAND.
Franz Ha'in,
BELGIUM: "Unesco
Iskandardinata
Jakarta Pusat.
AUSTRALIA.
Ltd.,
P.O.
Publications:
Box
Educational
33,' Brookvale,
2100,
Supplies
NSW;
Pty.
Periodicals;
NSW.
Australia.
Sub-agent;
Victorian
United
Division 5th
rue du Trne,
Brussels 5.
Nations
floor,
Association
of
134-136
Flinders St.,
CCP 000-0070823-13.
BURMA.
Mada
III, Jakarta;
109, Jakarta;
Gramedia
Bookshop. Jl.
Dr.
Gadjah
IRELAND.
Blumstein's
Prague
rusalem.
JAMAICA. Sangster's Book Stores Ltd., P.O.
Box 366, 101 Water Lane, Kingston.
JAPAN. Eastern Book
Service Inc., C.P.O. Box 1728, Tokyo 100-92. - KENYA. East
African Publishing House, P.O. Box 30571, Nairobi.
KOREA.
1.
. Hurbanovo
For
nam.
Slovakia
6,893
only;
31
Alfa
Bratislava
Verlag
-
Publishers,
CSSR.
DEN
MARK.
Munksgaards
Boghandel,
6,
Norregade,
DK
1165, Copenhagen K. - EGYPT (ARAB REPUBLIC OF).
National Centre for Unesco Publications,
Talaat Harb
Bookstores,
35 Allenby
Road and
48,
Nachtat
2942,
Kuwait.
LESOTHO.
Mazenod
Book
Centre,
P.O.
Charoen Krung Road, Siyag Phaya Sri, P.O. Box 402, Bangkok;
. Paris, C.C.P.
12598-48.
Despite
Majority protest
million
demands
for
blacks, the
equal
rights
present
rgime
by
Rhodesia's
is stubbornly
rr
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