CHAPTER
Matter is made of atoms and every element has its own unique
type of atom.
Elements are identified by names and chemical symbols.
Atoms have a structure that determines their properties.
Every atom is composed of three types of subatomic particles:
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The number of electrons in the outer shell of an elements atoms
determines the properties of the element.
Ch. 2
CHAPTER
Periodic Tables can indicate the chemical symbol, atomic number, atomic
mass, ion charge, density, and other information about each element.
Ch. 2
Ch. 2
CHAPTER
Ch. 2
6.1
VOCABULARY
physical properties
chemical properties
mixtures
pure substances
elements
atoms
compounds
Ch. 2
6.2
The Nucleus
Ch. 2
Atomic Theory
VOCABULARY
subatomic particles
nucleus
protons
neutrons
atomic number
mass number
atomic mass
electrons
electron shells
unpaired electrons
paired electrons
Ch. 2
Atomic Theory
Name
Symbol
Charge
Location
Relative Mass
Proton
1+
nucleus
1836
Neutron
nucleus
1836
Electron
area surrounding
the nucleus
Ch. 2
6.2
Every atom of any one element will have the same
number of protons
Atomic number = # of protons = # of electrons
There are an equal number of protons and
electrons in an atom.
Ions form when the number of electrons changes.
The number of electrons in the outer shell
determines the properties of the element.
Ch. 2
Bohr Diagrams
Bohr diagrams show how many electrons
appear in each electron shell around an atom.
Each shell holds a maximum number of electrons
2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the 2nd shell, and 8
in the 3rd shell.
Electrons in the outermost shell are called valence
electrons
Think of the shells as being 3D like spheres, not 2D
like circles
Ch. 2
Ch. 2
Bohr Diagrams
Ch. 2
Bohr Diagrams
It has 2 + 8 + 8 = 18
electrons, and
therefore 18 protons
It has 3 electron
shells, so it is in
period 3
It has 8 electrons in
the outer (valence)
shell
Ch. 2
18 p
22 n
Argon!
INCREASING REACTIVITY
Ch. 2