ME-230 Fluid

Mechanics-I
Muhammad Adnan Hanif
MSc Mechanical Engineering(Structural
Mechanics)

8.1.1 Laminar or Turbulent Flow

8.1.2 Entrance Region and Fully

developed flow
The entrance length is a function 0f Reynolds

number.

8.2 Fully Developed Laminar Flow

Steady, fully developed, pipe flow experiences

no acceleration.

The Shear stress distribution throughout the

pipe is a linear function of the radial

coordinate.

The pressure drop and the wall shear stress

are related by

The velocity profile of the flow is written as

As the flow is considered axisymmetric about

the centerline. Thus,

Where max velocity is Vc

For elevation terms

Friction factor

8.3 Fully Developed Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow involves randomly fluctuating

parameters.
These parameters can be described in terms of mean
and fluctuating portions.
The relationship between fluid motion and shear stress
is very complex.
Shear stress is larger than laminar flow because of the
irregular, random motion.
The shear stress is the sum of a laminar and turbulent
portion.
Turbulent flow velocity profile can be divided into
various regions.

8.4 Dimensional Analysis of Pipe

Flow
The overall head loss for the pipe system

consists of the head loss due to viscous

effects in the straight pipes, termed the
major loss and denoted, and the head loss in
the various pipe components, termed the
minor loss and denoted. That is,

8.4.1 Major losses