European Civilizations

A. Colder Ice Age climate- 20,000 Years ago

a. Pushed people into warmer regions
b. Altered hunting habits
B. New Hunting Habits
a. Smaller animals faster need new hunting techniques
i. Reindeer
ii. Horses
iii. Spear techniques throwing
iv. Bows and arrows
v. Stone tools develop
b. Cave paintings
Central Europe, Ukraine + Russia
A. Colder Climate
a. Bone Needles
b. Multi-Layered Clothing
c. Weaving
d. Nets
e. Strorage pits
f. Partially underground living areas dige partial underground
i. Bones and dusks
ii. Living different ways
iii. No cave shelters=keep cool/ keep hot
Australia
A. First known use of Boats
B. Started from Indonesia Australia
C. Isolation- continuation of hunting and gathering =nomadic style
a. Geography influences
D. Developed over 250 Languages
E. No large animals= collected
a. Bulbs, tubes, roots, seeds and grains
F. Hunting
a. Very small animals
b. Birds and Fish
i. Fish= access to the sea gear need as well
Americas
A. Bering Straints-join asia and north American
a. Land bridge melt of ice
1. Grass land
2. Warm weather
3. Migration of large animals

B. Hunt/ Gathers followed food source leads them into North

American Great Plains 11,00 BCE
Natufian Culture
A. 10,500 BCE
B. Palestine
a. Enviroment Changes warmer weather
b. Non-agricultural society
c. Hunter + Gathering
1. Water sources
2. Smaller animals more
3. Abundance of plant and wild life
C. Because of warmer weather abundance of life become Semi
Sedentary
a. Longer location longer Larger population
1. Stay in one location longer
2. Larger food source
b. Larger population
i. Larger size of group and location 5,400-10,800
square ft
ii. Larger clusters of huts= more permanent
D. Advances in society
a. Why= Larger food availability and population
1. Trade
a. Before did not have surplus
b. Now with stuff= more ability to trade
c. Biggest trade =Salt
i. Preservative and Flavor
d. People started trading for needs
e. Now trading for luxury items = diction in
social class

2. Burial
a.
b.
c.

sites
Reinforce social class
Most did not have burial items
Those who had burial item had
i. Knives, jewelry, belts, pendants
ii. Wealthier people
iii. Buried under house, floors and cave
entrance
iv. Connection with the dead
v. Beginning of organize religion
3. Art Work
a. Decorated bone
b. Stone mother goddess figures

c. Carvings
d. Indicate leisure time 5
Cites Found
A. Jarmo
a.
b.
c.
d.

8300-7500
Less than 200 inhabitants
One of the earliest villages
Agricultural village 1st of its kind
i. 3 acres
ii. Ate wheat and barley grew it
B. Jericho
a. 2,000 people
b. Walls of Jericho
i. Mud brick huts
ii. Walls surrounding village
1. 28 ft wall ditch
2. Stone wall 5-10 ft thick
3. Heights=8ft survival
4. Stone tower=28 ft high
iii. WHY IMPORTANT
1. Increase in Fighting
a. Importance of land that develop agriculture
b. Identity of property
c. Your land more fertile I want
d. Value of location of land
e. SEDENTARY
2. Centralized organized of leadershipGovernment
C. Catal Hoyuk
a. 6500-5600 BCE
b. 30 acres with 4,000-5,000 people
c. Agricultural based
i. Irrigation
ii. Domesticated animals
d. More wealthy Trade large
e. Village
i. Stacked and all attached square boxes on each other
1. No space between
2. Outside homes=the walls of the city
3. Markets, and life on the roofs
f. Organized Religious structure
i. Large portion of roomsreligious shrines
ii. Bull heads on wall
iii. Paintings
1. Fertility hunting and birth
g. Dead
i. Under their house
ii. After they were left out raised animal naturally take away just
the bones