5/29/15

TATLONG PANUKAT:
Development, Validation, and Applications
of Filipino Personality Tests
The Enriquez Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao
Ma. Angeles Guanzon Lapea
De La Salle University

Time started: ___ Time ended: ___

INSTRUCTIONS
For etnisidad, please write whether you
are an Ilocano, a Kapampangan, Tagalog,
Ilonggo, Cebuano, Filipino-Chinese, etc.
Write also the time you started and the
time you ended taking the PUP.

5/29/15

PUP SCORING TEMPLATE No. 8:

PUP norming study

Please sign the informed consent form if
you agree to submitting your data for PUP
norming purposes.
If you sign the form, I will send to you a
Google docs link on June 6 for you to fill
out a short survey similar to the ones you
answered today.
By June 13, you will receive a summary
report of your PUP scores.

PAGKAMAPAGKUMBABA

PAGKAKAILA

PPRTH/magl/1997

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

41.
42.
43.
44.
45. 1 2 3 4 5

81. 1 2 3 4 5
82. 1 2 3 4 5
83.
84.
85.

121.
122.
123.
124.
125.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10. 5 4 3 2 1

46.
47. 1 2 3 4 5
48.
49.
50.

86.
87.
88.
89.
90.

126.
127.
128.
129.
130.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

91.
92.
93.5 4 3 2 1
94.
95.

131.
132.
133.
134.
135.

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

56. 1 2 3 4 5
57.
58.
59.
60.

96.
97.
98.
99. 1 2 3 4 5
100.

136.
137.
138.
139.
140.

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

61.
62.
63.
64.
65.

101.
102.
103.
104.
105.

141.
142.
143.
144.
145.

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

66.
67.
68. 1 2 3 4 5
69. 1 2 3 4 5
70.

106.
107.
108.
109.
110.

146.
147.
148.
149.
150.

31. 1 2 3 4 5
32. 5 4 3 2 1
33.
34.
35.

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.

111.
112.
113.
114.
115.

151.
152.
153.
154.
155.

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

76. 1 2 3 4 5
77.
78.
79.
80.

116.
117.
118.
119.
120.

156.
157.
158.
159.
160.

PUP SCORING TEMPLATE No. 10:

HH 1
H2
?3
T4
TT 5
PAGKAKAILA

PAGKAMAGALANG

Item 45
Item 47
Item 68
Item 69
Item 91
Item 92
Item 99

KAUGALIAN

PPRTH/magl/1997

PAGKAKAILA
Item 45
Item 47
Item 68
Item 69
Item 91
Item 92
Item 99

KAUGALIAN
Item 15
Item 20
Item 55
Item 61
Item 64
Item 85
Item 96

HH 1
H2
?3
T4
TT 5

Mode as indicator of
Pagkakaila
If 4 or more of the item
scores are >3, the whole
tests scores are
invalidated.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

41.
42.
43.
44.
45.

81.
82.
83.
84.
85. 1 2 3 4 5

121.
122.
123.
124.
125.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

86.
87.
88.
89.
90.

126.
127.5 4 3 2 1
128.
129.
130.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15. 1 2 3 4 5

51.
52.
53.
54.
55. 1 2 3 4 5

91.
92.
93.
94.
95.

131.
132.
133.
134.5 4 3 2 1
135.

16.
17.
18.
19.
20. 1 2 3 4 5

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

96. 1 2 3 4 5
97.
98.
99.
100.

136.
137.
138.
139.
140.1 2 3 4 5

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

61. 1 2 3 4 5
62.
63.
64. 1 2 3 4 5
65.

101.
102.
103.
104.
105.

141.
142.
143.1 2 3 4 5
144.
145.

26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

106.
107.
108.
109.
110.

146.
147.
148.
149.
150.

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.

71.
72.
73.
74.
75.

111.
112.
113.
114.
115.

151.
152.
153.
154.
155.

36.
37.
38.
39.
40.

76.
77.
78.
79.
80.

116.
117.
118.
119.
120.

156.
157.
158.
159.
160.

Score Interpretation
HH 1
H2
?3
T4
TT 5

Mode as indicator of
KAUGALIAN
If 4 or more of the item
scores are < 3, the whole
tests scores are
invalidated.

Mean
above 4.330
3.670 - 4.330
2.330 - 3.665
1.664 - 2.325
below 1.664

Description
high
above average
average
below average
low

5/29/15

WAYS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

IN THE PHILIPPINES
angat-patong approach
test adaptation
test development
test adaptation
"angat-patong"

apples to bananas
development of local norms
test translation

PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:

Focus on Applicability of Psychological Tests
(Guanzon, 1983, in Marcelino & Pua, 1999)

Indiscriminate
application of
foreign theories
and methods

Indigenization from
without
indigenization from
within

local test development

INDIGENIZATION
CULTURE AS SOURCE

CULTURE AS TARGET

From within
USED

EXPLORATION

MODIFIED OR
TRANSLATED

IMPORTANT
CONCEPTS
IDENTIFIED

STUDIED

From without

FOREIGN
THEORY OR
METHOD

LINKS BETWEEN
AND AMONG
CONCEPTS
DETERMINED

precise
inaccurate
A

THEORY
FORMULATION

accurate
imprecise
B

5/29/15

inaccuracy =
ERROR

systematic
error
INVALIDITY

imprecision =
ERROR

random
error
UNRELIABILITY

inaccurate = invalid
precise = reliable

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY

imprecise = unreliable
accurate = valid

5/29/15

PANUKAT ng UGALI
at PAGKATAO
(PUP)

Key concepts in
understanding Filipino
personality
Sikolohiyang Pilipino
Pagkatao
Loob
Kapwa

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO

A psychology rooted in its MalayoPolynesian and Asian heritage.

kamalayan
ulirat

A psychology based on the

experience, ideas, and orientation of
the Filipino.
The systematic and scientific study,
appreciation, and application of
indigenous knowledge of, for, and by
the Filipinos of their own psychological
make-up, society, and culture.

isip
diwa
kalooban
kaluluwa

emotive and cognitive experience

awareness of ones immediate
surroundings
knowledge and understanding
habits, traits, behaviors
internal feelings and perceptions
psyche (through which the soul or
conscience of a people may be
studied)

Levels of Interaction

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO

Affect, Behaviour and Cognition

Body, Mind and Spirit

Ibang-Tao Category
(Outsider)
Pakikitungo
Pakikisalamuha
Pakikilahok
Pakikibagay
Pakikisama

being civil
mixing with
joining/participating
conforming
adjusting

5/29/15

Levels of Interaction
Hindi Ibang-Tao Category
(One-of-Us)
mutually trusting Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
getting involved Pakikisangkot
being one with Pakikiisa

About the PUP

Virgilio G. Enriquez and Almonte, 1975
V. Enriquez and Ma.Angeles C. Guanzon,
1985
Presented to the international scientific
community in 1981 at the International
Conference on Personality Assessment
(Enriquez and Guanzon, 1981)

Filipino Value Orientation

collectivism vs. individualism
importance of group over individual
particularism vs. universalism
dominance of relationship over rules
neutrality vs. emotionality
range of feelings
diffusion vs. specificity
range of involvement
ascription vs. achievement
accordance of status

About the PUP

The Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP)
aims to tap specific values, traits and
behavioral dimensions relevant or meaningful
to the study of the Southeast Asian
personality.
Trait definitions, values, behavioral and
attitudinal dimensions were taken from
proverbs, social sciences studies,
dictionaries, word associations and interviews
with informants

Test Development

Test Development

First form of PUP consisted of 150 randomized items on

13 traits (mahiyain, pikon, sumpungin, matiyaga,
mapagmasid/mausisa, maramdamin, matulungin, sunod
sunoran, matigas ang ulo,mapag-isa, mapagkumbaba,
malakas/mahina ang loob ang mahirap kausapin)

Form A [yellow booklet] 2nd edition (1982)

personality tapping traits, values and behaviours
and form B [green booklet] (items are
determined rationally)

pretest data analysis on the first form yielded a second

set of 12 traits (ambisyoso, sigurista, kuripot , magalang,
malikhain, mapagtimpi, palaaway,pintasera,relihiyosa,
responsible, mapagbigay and salawahan)

Form A was translated into different language

versions:
Bicolano, Cebuano, Ilocano, Ilonggo, Waray,
Maranao, English and Bahasa Indonesia

5/29/15

Factor 1: Balat-Sibuyas-Kalabaw sa pakikipag-ugnayan sa tao at lipunan.

Factor 2: Pakikipagkapwa

Masasabing mahihina ang kanilang loob Subalit maaari rin na silay

pagkamahiyain,

hindi sumpungin,

dahil sa kanilang pagiging

pagkamaramdamin,

malakas, matatag at buo ang loob,

pagkapikon at

mapagkumbaba at

pagkamahirap kausapin.

matulungin,

sunud-sunuran,

mahirap kausapin,

maramdamin at

mausisa,

mapagkumbaba.

matigas ang ulo,

bagamat hindi gaanong matiyaga.

pikon at
sumpungin.

Factor 4: Pagsunod

Factor 3: Popular na paniniwala tungkol sa mga Kaugalian ng mga Pilipino

kahinaan ng loob

mahirap kausapin at

mahina ang loob,

matiyaga at

pagkamahiyain,

pikon

mausisa

maramdamin at

mapagkumbaba at

sunud-sunuran

matulungin.

katigasan ng ulo,
pagkamatiyaga at
pagkamausisa.

Factor 5: Kababaan ng Loob

di-mapagmalaki

di madaling sumuko,

di-mapagkait.

sakali

hindi mahirap kausapin,

makipagsapalaran.

hindi sumpungin at
walang sariling pagpapasiya.

mang

sila

ay

Factor 6: Sumpong

Factor 7: Pagkakaila

hindi nabibiro at

buo at matigas ang loob

hindi madaling sumuko.

may mga kaugaliang pinaniniwalaan at

magdesisyong

pinaninindigan,
hindi mausisa.

5/29/15

Overview of the PUP

In its present form, the 160-item PUP is in
Filipino with English translations for all of
its items.
24 trait scales (consisting of 119 items) which
tap selected personality dimensions
2 validity checks (consisting of 14 items)
19 items of inaaming ugali
8 distractor items

24 Trait Scales

2 Internal validity checks

Pagkakaila (Denial)
7 items which respondents are
expected not to agree with.
e.g. Palagi akong masaya. (I am
always happy)
(If there are 4 or more TT or T
responses, his/her responses on
the test are considered invalid.)

Kaugalian (Cultural Norms)

7 items with which the respondents
are expected to agree, because of
the influence on the Filipino culture
on their personality.
e.g. Handa kong alagaan ang aking
mga magulang sa kanilang
katandaan bilang ganti sa kanilang
pag-aaruga sa akin sa aking
kabitaan.
I am prepared to
take care of my parents in their old
age in return for their caring for me
in my childhood.
(4 or more HH or H responses
invalidate the whole tests scores.

19 Identifier Items
gambling behavior: I am prone to gambling,
drinking behavior: I am prone to drinking
alcohol,
praying behavior: I do not forget to pray, even
when I have no particular wish or problem,
accident-proneness: I dont know why, but I
often get hurt or meet accidents.

ambisyon (ambition)
katipiran (thriftiness)
katiyagaan (perseverance)
hirap kausapin
(approachability)
lakas ng loob (guts/daring)
pagkamaalalahanin
(thoughtfulness)
pagkamagalang
(respectfulness)
pagkamausisa
(inquisitiveness)
pagkapalaaway
(aggressiveness)
pagkapikon (low tolerance for
joking/teasing)
pagkaresponsable
(responsibleness)
pagkasalawahan
(ficklemindendess)

pagkasigurista (risk-taking)
pagkasunud-sunuran
(conformity)
sumpong (mood)
tigas ng ulo (stubbornness)
pagkamahiyain (shyness/
timidity)
Pagkamapagbigay(generosity)
Pagkamapagkumbaba
(humility)
pagkamatulungin(helpfulness)
pagkamapunahin(criticalness)
pagkamaramdamin
(senstiveness)
pagkamapagtimpi (restraint)
pagkamalikhain (creativity)

19 Identifier Items
items tapping behavioral, attitudinal or personality (15)
characteristics which respondents may directly admit or deny
Pagkamadasalain
(prayerfulness)
kasipagan (industriousness)
karangyaan (luxury)
katapatan (sincerity/loyalty)
may kusang loob (initiative)
madalas maaksidente
(accident-prone)
maninigarilyo (smokers)
Atityud sa sekswalidad bago
mag asawa (attitude towards
premarital sex)

Atityud sa sekswalidad na
extramarital (attitude towards
extramarital sex)
Atityud sa homosekswalidad
(attitude towards
homosexuality)
pagsusugal (gambling)
pag-inom ng alak (drinking)
pananakit sa sarili
(aggression towards self)
malikhain (creativity)
mamimilosopo
(contemplativeness)

Reliability and Validity

A test-retest reliability study was done by Alfonso et
al. (1989). Test-retest reliability coefficient was .94,
which was significant at p<.01 reliability coefficient
per subscale.25 to .70.
Bernardo, Lazo and Llamas (1987) reported testretest reliabilities of.42, .69 and .60 for malikhain,
pagkamaramdamin and pagkamatiyaga subscales.
Specific scales of Enriquez PUP (Panukat ng Ugali
at Pagkatao) and Carlotas PPP (Panukat ng
Pagkataong Pilipino) were found to be comparable.

5/29/15

Test Description
Paper - Pencil or Computer-based Test
There is no time limit for administering.
Typically the entire set is answered in 30
minutes.
Can be administered individually or to groups
Trait subscales consists of an average of six
(6) items each.

Sample Item
Scored in the positive direction

Test Administration and Scoring

PUP is self-administering
For each dimension, items are positively stated
and others are negatively stated.
For every item, the examinee is asked to
indicate with the use of a 5-point scale his/her
degree of agreement about the applicability of
the item to him/her
Scale labels: Hinding hindi, Hindi, Walang
Masabi, Totoo and Totoong Totoo
no item should be skipped by the examinee,
each item has only one answer

Sample Item
Scored in the negative direction

Administration and Scoring

Administration and Scoring

the PUP is scored either manually, using 15 scoring

acetates, or using its computerized scoring system
Items are scored in the positive direction and some
items in the negative direction i.e. a low score on an
item means that the respondent has more of the trait
being measured by the item.
The total score for each personality dimension is
obtained by summating the scores for that particular
dimension.
The percentiles and standardized scores
corresponding to the raw score totals are obtained
from norms tables (male and female).

Online test - clustered into 5 personality domains

corresponding Big 5 personality factors of
extraversion/surgency, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, emotional stability, and
intellect or openness to experience.
The PUP Manual (2000) provides means and
standard deviation scores across 24 trait scales
and 2 validity subscales of the PUP for 3669
Filipinos. Norm tables are also provided
separating male and female.

5/29/15

Big 5: Extraversion o Surgency

Assesses the degree to which an individual is sociable,
gregarious, assertive and leader-like versus quiet, reserved,
mannerly, and withdrawn. Some of the more common
personality traits associated with this dimension are dominance,
extraversion, capacity for status, or social presence, concern for
social appropriateness, the need for power, need/desire for
advancement, sociability, energy or activity level, articulateness
or speech fluency, readiness to make decisions, social
participation, surgency, or social assertiveness.

Big 5: Conscientiousness
differentiates individuals who are hardworking, persevering,
organized, and responsible from those who are impulsive,
irresponsible, undependable, and lazy. Personality traits
categorized under this dimension include prudence and
ambition, will to achieve, need for achievement, behavior
flexibility, responsibility, initiative, personal integrity, ethical
conduct, organizing and planning, dependability, integrity, inner
work standards, constraint, and work.

Big 5: Intellect/Openness to Experience

the extent to which an individual is imaginative,
cultured, broad-minded, and curious versus concrete
minded, practical, and has narrow interests.
Personality traits associated with this dimension
include culture, creativity, range of interests, need for
change, and openness to experience.

Big 5: Emotional Stability

This dimension of personality concerns the extent to which
individuals are calm, steady, cool, and self-confident versus
anxious, insecure, worried, and emotional. Some of the
personality traits associated with emotional stability include
neuroticism, emotional stability, negative affectivity, selfacceptance, achievement via independence, self-confidence,
mood, behavior flexibility, personal adjustment, ability to withstand
pressure, emotional balance, emotional control, ability to control
ones behavior according to social cues, and affect.

Big 5: Agreeableness
measures the degree to which individuals are sympathetic,
cooperative, good-natured, and warm versus grumpy,
unpleasant, disagreeable, and cold. Personality traits
associated with this dimension include likeability,
friendliness, social nearness, support, friendly compliance,
empathy, feminine attributes, nurturance, sensitivity to
social cues, diplomacy, cooperativeness, need for
affiliation, and love.

Big 5: Surgency
Assesses the degree to which an
individual is sociable, gregarious,
assertive and leader-like versus
quiet, reserved, mannerly, and
withdrawn. Some of the more
common personality traits
associated with this dimension are
dominance, extraversion, capacity
for status, or social presence,
concern for social appropriateness,
the need for power, need/desire for
advancement, sociability, energy or
activity level, articulateness or
speech fluency, readiness to make
decisions, social participation,
surgency, or social assertiveness.

Ambisyon
Lakas ng Loob
Pagkamahiyain
Pagkasunud-sunuran

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5/29/15

Big 5: Emotional Stability

This dimension of personality concerns
the extent to which individuals are calm,
steady, cool, and self-confident versus
anxious, insecure, worried, and
emotional. Some of the personality
traits associated with emotional stability
include neuroticism, emotional stability,
negative affectivity, self-acceptance,
achievement via independence, selfconfidence, mood, behavior flexibility,
personal adjustment, ability to withstand
pressure, emotional balance, emotional
control, ability to control ones behavior
according to social cues, and affect.

Pagkamapagtimpi
Pagkamaramdamin
Pagkapikon
Sumpong

Big 5: Agreeableness
measures the degree to which
individuals are sympathetic,
cooperative, good-natured,
and warm versus grumpy,
unpleasant, disagreeable, and
cold. Personality traits
associated with this dimension
include likeability, friendliness,
social nearness, support,
friendly compliance, empathy,
feminine attributes, nurturance,
sensitivity to social cues,
diplomacy, cooperativeness,
need for affiliation, and love.

Pagkamagalang
Pagkamapagbigay
Pagkamapagkumbaba
Pagkamatulungin
Hirap Kausapin
Pagkamapunahin
Pagkapalaaway

Sample Computerized Output

Big 5: Conscientiousness
differentiates individuals who are
hardworking, persevering,
organized, and responsible from
those who are impulsive,
irresponsible, undependable, and
lazy. Personality traits categorized
under this dimension include
prudence and ambition, will to
achieve, need for achievement,
behavior flexibility, responsibility,
initiative, personal integrity, ethical
conduct, organizing and planning,
dependability, integrity, inner work
standards, constraint, and work.

Katipiran
Katiyagaan
Pagkaresponsable
Pagkasigurista
Pagkasalawahan
Tigas ng Ulo

Big 5: Intellect/Openness to Experience

the extent to which an
individual is imaginative,
cultured, broad-minded,
and curious versus
concrete minded,
practical, and has narrow
interests. Personality
traits associated with this
dimension include
culture, creativity, range
of interests, need for
change, and openness to
experience.

Pagkamaalalahanin
Pagkamalikhain
Pagkamausisa

Sample Computerized Output

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5/29/15

Test Translation

INDIGENIZATION
CULTURE AS SOURCE

CULTURE AS TARGET

From within
USED

EXPLORATION

MODIFIED OR
TRANSLATED

IMPORTANT
CONCEPTS
IDENTIFIED

STUDIED

From without

FOREIGN
THEORY OR
METHOD

LINKS BETWEEN
AND AMONG
CONCEPTS
DETERMINED
THEORY
FORMULATION

Test Translation
Step 5 - Gather 30 or Step 6 - Gather the
more bilinguals to take
same 30 or more
the test at Time 1
bilinguals to take the
test at Time 2
15 to take the test in its
original language
15 to take the translated
test items (results of
Step 4)

15 who took the test in its

original language to take
the test in its translated
version
15 who took the
translated test items
(results of Step 4) to take
the test in its original
language version

Step 1- Request a
panel of bilinguals to
translate the items to
the target language.
Step 2 - Request
another panel of
bilinguals to back
translate the
translation to the
original language.

Step 3 - Identify the

differences between
the original and the
back translation.
Step 4 - Request a
language expert to
revise the original
translation based on
the results of the back
translation.

Test Translation
Step 7 Analyze the test scores obtained
at Time 1 and at Time 2, by doing a paired
samples/dependent samples t-test.
For the original test to be considered as
equivalent to its translated version, there
should be no significant difference
between the 2 sets of scores.

Recent References
References
on the PUP

Guanzon-Lapena, M.A., Church, A.T.,Carlota, A.J., &

Katigbak, M.S. (1998). Indigenous personality
measures: Philippine
examples. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology,29(1). 249-270.
Katigbak, M.S., Church, A.T., Guanzon-Lapena, M.A.,
Carlota, A.J.
and del Pilar,G.H.(2002). Are
Indigenous personality dimensions culture specific?
Philippine inventories and the five-factor model.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1).
89-101
PPRTH. (2010). Psychometric Information on the
Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP) from 2010 PUP
Test Manual and Khristine Lazaros 2006 thesis (Not
for reproduction).

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5/29/15

The PUP Test Package

The Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao is being solely distributed by
the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino
The PUP test package includes the following:
25 Reusable test booklets
50 Answer Sheets
50 Profile Sheets
1 Test Manual
1 Set of transparencies for manual scoring
1 USB flash drive containing computerized
scoring program
Inquiries re: cost can be sent to PSSP (0922-875-1440)

PUP for Students Research

1) letter of request for permission to use the PUP, signed
by all members of your research group (with your
contact details)
2) transcript of records of the adviser who will supervise
students use of the test
3) Conforme that PSSP will be given all raw data derived
from the use of the PUP
4) PUP USB drive rental fee (Php 5000)
5) Refundable deposit amount to cover possible damage
to the PUP materials, to be returned after data has been
turned over to PSSP (Php 1000)
6) copy of the final research paper

Qualifications for PUP Purchase

PSSP orientation / training on the use of
the PUP
Signed contract with PSSP on the proper
use of the PUP, by PRC-licensed
psychometrician and supervising
psychologist

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5/29/15

Thank you very much!

ma.angeles.lapena@dlsu.edu.ph
maeyetg@yahoo.com
Mobile Number: 0927-7556472

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