Fetal Heart Project

Brianna Carden
12/4/15

Apical 4 Chamber

Moderator Band
IVS

Mitral Valve
Pulmonary Veins

Tricuspid Valve

IAS
Foramen Ovale

Spine

heart anomalies:
1. Hypoplastic Left Heart- LV hypoplasia results from decreased blood flow into or out of
the LV. Will see small aorta or coarctation of aorta and small left ventricle.
2. Echogenic Foci- mineralization within a papillary muscle or chordae tendinea. Most
common on left. Will see echogenic round structure in any of the heart chambers.
3. Ebsteins Anomaly- Displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle. Will
see dilated right heart; color and spectral Doppler will show regurge across TV.

Subcostal 4 Chamber

Right Ventricle

Tricuspid
Valve

Right Atrium

Foramen
Ovale

IVS

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Spine

Mitral Valve

IAS

3 heart anomalies:
1. Ostium Secundum ASD- Foramen ovale bigger than it should be and deficient foramen
ovale flap. Will see 1-4 cm anechoic hole in the fossa ovalis.
2. Tricuspid Valve Atresia- A TV that did not develop. Will see hypoplastic RV and larger
left side of heart.
3. Univentricular Heart- two atria empty into a single ventricle via two A-V valves or a
common A-V valve. Will see a single ventricle with absence of the interventricular
septum.

Long Axis RVOT

Pulmonary Valve

Left pulmonary artery

Right pulmonary artery

Spine

3 heart anomalies:
1. Pulmonary Stenosis- PV atresia or hypoplasia. Will see RV hypertrophy/ cavity appears
hypoplastic, RA dilated with thick walls.
2. Ebsteins Anomaly- Displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets into the right ventricle. Will
see dilated right heart (in this image a dilated RV).
3. Double Outlet RV- Aorta and pulmonary artery arise from RV. Will see aorta and
pulmonary artery connected to RV.

Long Axis LVOT

IVS
Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve
Left Pulmonary Vein

Right Pulmonary Vein

Spine

3 heart anomalies:
1. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- Ventricular wall thickness greater than 2 standard
deviations for age. Will see increased wall stiffness, poor diastolic filling, diminished CO,
large wall.
2. Perimembranous VSD- Aneurysm of the membranous septum. It is the most common
VSD, located in the outflow tract beneath the aortic valve. Will see anechoic opening in
the septum.
3. Fibroma- Rare cardiac tumor usually found on IVS, hyperechoic and may have area of
degeneration.

Short Axis RVOT

AorticValve
Leaflets

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonary Valve

Right and left

Pulmonary Arteries
Spine

heart anomalies:
1. Aortic Stenosis- Blockage of the AV. Will see decreased leaflet mobility and valve
thickness, hypoplastic left heart.
2. Double Outlet RV- Aorta and pulmonary artery arise from RV. Will see aorta and
pulmonary artery connected to RV.
3. Hypoplastic Right Ventricle- Reduction of blood flow secondary to inflow impedance
from TV atresia or outflow impedance from pulmonary arterial atresia. Will see small
hypertrophic RV and a small or absent pulmonary artery.

Ductus Arteriosus

Diaphragm

Pulmonary Valve

Spine

heart anomalies:
1. Pulmonary Stenosis- PV atresia or hypoplasia. Will see RV hypertrophy/ cavity appears
hypoplastic, RA dilated with thick walls.
2. Transposition of the Great Vessels- Vessels and chambers are not connected correctly.
Will see pulmonary artery arising from the left ventricle.
3. Tricuspid Valve Atresia- Hypoplastic RV. Will see small RV in this view

Aortic Arch

Diaphragm

Ascending Aorta
Right Brachiocephalic
Left CCA

Spine

Left subclavian

heart anomalies:
1. Coarctation of the Aorta- Narrowing of the aorta. Will see hypoplasia of the
transverse arch.
2. Transposition of the Great Vessels- Vessels and chambers are not connected correctly.
Will see aorta arising from the RV.
3. Hypoplastic Left Heart- LV hypoplasia results from decreased blood flow into or out
of the LV. Will see small aorta or coarctation of aorta.

SVC/IVC

3 heart anomalies:
1. Bilateral SVC- 2 SVCs on each side of the heart. Will see 2 anechoic SVC vessels.
2. Echogenic Foci- Mineralization within a papillary muscle or chordae tendinea. Most
common on left. Will see echogenic round structure in any heart chambers. Could see in
LA in this view.
3. Ectopia Cordis- Rare malformation in which the heart is located outside the thoracic
cavity. Will see the heart chambers and great vessels outside of the abdomen.

3 Vessel View

3 heart anomalies:
1. Bilateral SVC- 2 SVCs. Will see 2 anechoic SVCs in this image instead of 1.
2. Hypoplastic Right Ventricle- Reduction of blood flow secondary to inflow impedance
from TV atresia or outflow impedance from pulmonary arterial atresia. Will see small
hypertrophic RV and a small or absent pulmonary artery.
3. Aortic Stenosis- Blockage of the AV. Will see decreased leaflet mobility and valve
thickness, hypoplastic left heart. Big Pulmonary artery.