The Day megide abal echiche

nke

Fechner
mbipta Nke at

Leipzig
e biri ebi na biptara Breitkopf & Hartel
1919

Akk mb. Sara mbara.

I. n'n z.
II. Historical akk.
III. Basic ihe nke ab echiche megide onye bla z.
IV. Development kpr nke Day.
V. Positive development oge nke Day megide negations nke abal echiche.
1. Chineke.

. 2 The an wa nke a h ya anya.

. 3 The mkpr obi kpakpando ajj na osisi.
. 4 The wa karsa.
. 5 The Beyond.
. 6 The jr nj n'wa.
VI. Echiche okpukpe na atmanya.
VII.Glaubensstze.
Akk nke ab. Versions.
Nke Asat. The Old na New Day echiche.
IX. kpr at nd nke okwukwe nke Day.
X. Iji nk mmta okpukpe bch echiche.
1. Sachliches.
. 2 Ass.
. 3 The immutability nke yiri Chineke.
XI. N'ihi na mkpr obi ajj.
XII. Mee n'Ozizi nke nd.
Nke Iri na At. Banyere mediation nke n'ozuzu na elu nd ime mm na dd.
XIV. Iji teleology.
XV. wa ijuanya ihe t na ihe mgbu. Nchekwube na enwegh nchekwube.
XVI. Ajj nke nnwere onwe.
1. General echiche.
. 2 Nnchiteanya nke indeterminism.
. 3 Nnchiteanya nke Determinism.
. 4 Ekpere.
Na Asaa. Iwu nke causality. Echiche nke ike na ahmah circuiting.
XVIII.Prinzip na mmehie nd kwsiri ike d ka ego kpr nke wa. Psychophysical
amma nke obi t na ihe mgbu.
XIX. Gn na-akpata na ikike any na-anabata ihe n'z wa na ebe a ihe mma nke
ya dd kwere omume.
XX. Mediation Day ele na nk mmta sayens na a tr ime ya nke okike.
XXI. Basic itule nke an ah na nke nd nwere gg isi kpr. Dualism na
monism.
XXII. Egosiputa bch iji Monadologie. Synechologische ele monadologicalabgh.
XXIII. Spiritualist.

1. nd bch iji spiritualism.

. 2 nd nke spiritualism na okpukpe.
. 3 Personal okwu.
XXIV. Agbakwunyere okwu yie nd ziri ezi bch echiche.
XXV. Mmechi.

akk One
sara mbara
I. n'n z.
Otu tt, m ndr na Leipzig Rosental on a bench nso Swiss obi na-ele anya ebe
a diche, nke kwere ka bushes, na n'ihu ya na-agbasa mara mma nnukwu ahha ka
ume m na-ara ra anya on green-ya nile. Anyanw na-achakwa egbuke egbuke ma
na-ekpo k; okooko osisi anya yi na fun si Wiesengrn si butterflies fluttered az
na-apta n'elu na n'etiti ha, nnn na-ebe ub d n'elu m na alaka, na site a tt egwu
wakporo na da na m nt m. Ya mere, nd uche ziri ezi n na-ach na af ojuju. Ma
maka njem agba nkt na echiche esmde d ot ah af ojuju b ogologo, na wove si
r nke uche ziri ezi nke nta nke nta a uche egwuregwu, m ga-naan ua a Ntakr n'ihu
na-egwu ihe nyere iwu.
Iju aghgh, agwara m onwe m. Ihe ihe niile d n'ihu m na m gburugburu abal na
du: anyanw, b nke yiri ka m ot amamiihe na m ihiere ya atghar anya m, n'eziokwu, naan a chchr, na chchr na-ach ya z, bl. The okooko osisi,
butterflies edina ha na agba violin, flutes ha da. Na nke a n'ozuzu chchr, tgbr
n'efu na-agbachi nkt daputara ihe eluigwe na wa, hovering naan otu, internally naegbuke egbuke, acha na sounding, dd, ma elegh anya bna naan ihe iputa na
abali, mikpuo ya z, e nwegh ihe nd ha na ihie na da nke ekpe h onye bla
z na-enwegh ihe bla udo d n'etiti ha, na-ekwurta enwegh ihe bla d n'etiti

ha mmiri riri. N'ihi ya, taa ot b site n mmalite na ga-ab ruo mgbe ebigh
ebi. Ihe m na-ekwu, kama tt ijeri af b na oyi na-at ezu, na ogologo oge gaewe, ga-ab oke oyi maka ngwaaha nd d ot Nigeria. Mgbe ah ihe niile gakpamkpam chchr na nkt ka ya na mb.
Ma m nwere ike nd d ot ah 'ba uche na-adgh echiche? M na-dgh ihe o
mere; M bara naan eziokwu na i si ma h na ijuanya na otu onye na-aba n'ihi ya
n'ozuzu ya. Enwere ma echiche nile na-eche echiche wa gbara m gburugburu. Ego
ole na ihe na-enwe mmas na-ese okwu, b k ihe mma na physics,
materialists na idealists, Darwinians na Antidarwinianer, Orthodox na Rationalist
shake aka. bgh a l ngng, ma a nkume isi nkuku nke uwa taa na-ele, na b
d nn ka m kwuru na b; obi t na ya ka na-ekweta na ihe. Ihe any na wa naagwa any, m na-ege nt, b ihe niile d any n'ime anya,-aghgbu na i nwere ike ito,
d ka m na-ag ya na nso nso; ma na-angide-aghgbu. h na da na elu, na-ach
n'ibu iwu na-agha, bgh ma juptara na nsh nke wa na organic e kere eke nana-d nn s ogbi ife gb oloko, igbochi z ma b na-erugh ile ihe onwunwe
ihe si ether na ikuku, na na mgbe ha nwere ike ime naan mgbe ha na-ezute otu aka
n'otu isi ihe, a ga-ghr ka protein tangles nke br any site na spiritualist anwansi
a na-aj na egbuke sonorous vibrations. Banyere ihe mere eke, z zuru ezu ndokwa
on a gw na-ar ka; banyere eziokwu g na-ekwekrtakwa; na nke ihe nile si eche
echiche na nchepta echiche nke ihe mma, na nke nk ihe mma ga ndikpa mba
bna ugbu a na efu, d ka ma br na onye ga-am nk ihe mma, dgh eduga
na ya inwe obi ab banyere izi ezi nke eziokwu a, gwla ma kwaa obi ab
unsolvable imebisi, ma b wa na a speck nke j, nan ya onwe ya, ma bgh
mara wa.
Ka eke nwoke eguzogide a amamihe. O kwenyere na na-ah ihe gburugburu,
n'ihi na na-aba ya b n'ezie na-egbuke egbuke, anw malitere cha bgh nan n'az
ya anya na okooko osisi, butterflies b d ka yi ka ha na-egosi ya, na flutes, violin olu
e ji kwuo nye ya, bgh Anglkan n'aka ya, na mkpmkp, na e nwere a k na-aj u
site na wa gabiga ya na gawa n'ala ya. Ma pr izi nd sayens, na now kwere ka
ihe d nn gg isi na o nwere echiche efu na-erugh. The nro na-emezu ihe na
mocks ya ihe mma d ka a na-akwa ike ya nro. Gn nwere akpatre nri nke ma?
b n'aka na nro b mgbe ad; b mara na b echiche efu, elegh anya d ka ike, na
bgh kama ya onwe ya echiche efu? Any kwesr na ma na-ekwu na-eme Ihe
n'Eziokwu b ihe kas mma iwu, nan mgbe ah, ka laa azu na, gn b ihe kacha
mma iwu, b n'eziokwu, ka a kweere. Naturam furca expellas, usque Ot d
redibit na-agagh emetta na eke Ile ihe ?
Ee agagh itu egwu nd nocturnal ele onwe ya anya, ma br na g, b mirror
kenmde, o kwuru nke ah, b ya onwe, ihe na-ah n'ime ya; na ga-ka a mata na
ya nke bla n'ebe gb oloko na fd echiche. Ma ha ga-enwe ike idi na nd d ot
ah na wa, ma br na nke a n'aka nke ga-amalite na-echeta? Kama nke ah, wa
ga-egosi dum Unerbaulichkeit echiche a, niile improbability nke otu, niile na adgh
ike ha ihe mgbe niile d ka doro anya d ka m n'oge awa ah, ha apgh ka wa si
ele. Ugbu a doo anya b nke ikpeaz na ihe nd a, nke ikpeaz a ga-ab ihe doo anya.

N'eziokwu, m kweere na, d ka n'aka na d ka abal na bch z, n'abal echiche

nke wa otu bch a bch echiche ga-eso na, kama na-eguzo na atuaha ye eke Ile
ihe, kama Propping ya na na ga-ah akpata n'ihi na a hr mmepe. N'ihi na, ah naakws na nro, nke na-agba bch n'ime abal, mgbe ah, ndammana ihe niile
Verkehrte nke na-aga na ya, ma b tt ihe, ga-ap n'anya na, uwa-egosi na a
hr onodu, na a hr h, na hr mma akk.
Nke mere na h hr n'elu onwe any d n'wa, da nwere ike nr, a ga-enwerr a
hr ma n b ot ah. Na mmad adgh ama na uz z nr nke a Chineke naodu ke kpukpru ebiet ma onye maara weere ya na wa, maka n'abal echiche ma b
ya doo anya ma br na b mgbe ha ma, n'elu ya niile; ihe mere wa nke mere
chchr, nkt na ebe tgbr n'efu n'okpuru ya. N'ihi na bch ele wa nailluminated site ya h, site da nke ya nt; ihe any na-ah maka onwe ya nd wa
na-an naan ikpeaz uzo nke ya n'anya ma na-an ihe; na n'elu ihe nile, ihe na-ah
ihe karr any nke wa na-ege nt, bna d elu kara any na-ewuli elu n'ime ya. Mgbe abal anya nke Chineke achoghidi h na-ah, dgh da n, z, onye-s
h, nd nt chiri da dgh Chineke; na ot na-aba mfe na nke furu efu onye nke
z na-eto eto h ihe onwunwe n'anya n'ala; Ot d mgbe bch echiche ma ihe
kwesr nwekwara n ma madu jidere nke z; ot h ak n'anya tlee n'okpuru
ala. - Ya mere dum gw nke Chineke na-agbanwe na abali iji bch ele wa; na ot
na-agbanwe ihe ruru nke kas nkt na Ya mere kas elu spirit ka wa, nakwa onye
ruru nke niile n'otu n'otu uche Chineke na wa na-agbanwe.
One ebube ijuanya: na ot obi ike d ka na-ach kwatu nke ugbu a n'wa naele? Na-adgh ekwu na wa ma n'otu ihe na-ele ya fdr iro hassles na mb,
ikpeaz na kas elu ihe na-ewu ewu g ka kp abal echiche, negosi na na-arah
ya bchagh na eke Ile ihe ?
ga-ab br na ha d nn na-amagh ga-ekwekrtagh n'ihe niile mettara ya
echiche a. N'ihi ya, m anya kama b na b, na b otu olu na-na-ele. Ibibi n
converge n'ime eri na-arapara n, ya mere, niile ga na diche d n'etiti nkt ka ihe
niile; ma ihe niile ada iche; dgas iche iche-enwegh isi na-mere alternately n'aka
maka nkwa mgbal na br na wa nile kwetara na a isi miscalculation na uru na
ab na ab b ise, ot ga-eme ka wa dum n'ime akant d nwan. Na nd d ot
ah nwere, any ka tr at.
Agaghkwa na nke l nd k ihe mma, b ebe nd Mystery na-abqult ya
ngwta. Gn ka na-ah? D ka ihe na-ese okwu na ya, m na-abgh ego, amanye na
mkpa, d mfe isi, zuru, okwu, ga-, amagh ihe bla na-aha ihe mere n'abal naagbachi nkt si nro nke icheku sounding wa, ee nke ohere na oge onwe ha, kwesr
mpta n'ime any; na nd kas mara ihe na-enye n'ihi na ihe mere nke d ad, nke ihe
nile akwkw mmanya, na-atba niile gw, ma b nan nd aha na iwu na-onwe
ha abstracted site n'wa nke nkwenye efu, na-agba gburugburu na ya taa; na divines
ma nma megide ha na nd onwe ha nan na-ekweta na ihe nemegide kas.
N'oge ah Hedis otu wa, ha nwere a n'out oge ime ihe nile, nke maara ihe nile, naezi Chineke na bla masr nwere ike mepta wa d ka chr; o kere uwa nke
chichiri, juptara e kere eke na-eripa onye bla z, juptara ra, akuku dda,

hydrogen- na Feuersnot, evils nile di iche iche; ha na-akziri any na Chineke a

agagh ona wa d ot ah na nd d ot ah a wa d ot ah a na Chineke nwere
obere a N'ihi mmehie any, fd ndudue nke any ala ihe mma. b ezie na
ubiquitous ma allwirksam nke mere na-enwegh ya abgh onye ntutu isi any dara,
d nn elu maka any, d ka any pr mata ihe bla banyere ya; na ike ma any
ga-ekwere na ya, na ihe nile ah na-emegiderta na o yiri ka any na-agwa any site na
ya b.
Si n'okike ma eme ka h na-ach ch, ha matara na b naan na e nwere nd
maara ihe, na obi t nke mma z mgbe niile z mara. Na akwara ha nwere n'aka
na ihe rba ama na-esi n'aka sensashion na br, ngw nke uche, gabiga nke wa
nwere onye bla, dgh onye. Ma b ezie na e nwere vibrations na ikuku na Eta
on j adianade do, ha maara na vibrations ptara naan na phosphorus protein
sensashion, na-agbasagh tlee akparamaagwa d ka alaka nke onwu: si coal,
phosphorus na oxygen na protoplasm b spirit. - Na protoplasm, d ka nkt b isi umi
nke irighiri akwara na polyps,-amalite a ab e kere eke, nke ihe ime mm; na ihe
mma protoplasm ah b nke mb zuru doo na sayens nke ihe nd a; na mgbe naeso z nke okike chefuo esi efe Chineke d ka Onye Okike nke ihe nd a, ha na-efe
nwa ehi laedo ah nke protoplasm na ya. - The anya yiri mere bayere ihe nke hr
na nd si n'okike mara na ga na-aka na-enwegh na-iwere maka ihe bla nzube. Mgbe k ihe mma na Theotogen nnwere onwe na mkpa mbanye d ka ab nwere
njik chiri anya circling butterflies n'enwegh ike gwgw interplay bla z; si
n'okike maara ot ihe niile na-erubere nd d n'wa, na-nd na adgh emet ha n'ah,
na-inviolable iwu mkpa; n'wa dum mmad na m anman kamakwa b ihe nwr
anw, ir, n'ihi na na-erube isi otu mkpa. - The ime mm inyinya-eche na ha sere
na wagon nke okwu; si n'okike mara na ha na-ach kewapr n'ebe ah e ji ebu nke
okwu ah.
Abugh ihe nke ma na kas elu na tt ezi ihe na ihe ime mm amamihe taa,
onye bla na-ama na-ar ka na isoro nd z. Na ihe niile na-dara ke na nd
nnukwu diche ma b kpgidere nke mere na pr gbaso ya, na n.
Mpako nke amamihe a n'z zuru ezu follies any na-ah pityingly ala na mfe
umeala nzuzu nke negroes na Turks and na-eche n'oge gara aga tt nar af d anya
n'ihu, n'ihi na ha nwere fd n'ime nd a follies bna na-erugh. Ma any nwere ike
b prouder any Zndhlzchen na ha ka na-angide na-enye any nghta mgbe nd
niile wisps nke abal echiche na-any na sunk.
Otu ugboro tupu wa anya agbanweela on dum, ha ga-enwe ike gbanwe z? b
ezie na m na-ekwu vorblickend, bgh eziokwu na na-akagbu aga na negating on
hr ogbo, ma na ihe nd kas magburu akk nke dkr nd n'wa si ele maka
offsetting na price nyere ak na ba nke mb; ma nke a ga-agnye na na-akagbu
n'abal ah echiche.
Echiche nke d, nke na na obodo, na-esiwanye gbasa ma na-amba, bakwasr
m ka m anya na na tt si ak n'ime akwkw nd akwkw nd, na na na na, mgbe
ah, nke mb, ma na a hr anya gb n'r, bakwasr nd.
N'echi ya, N't anya, si na otu l ak, m chetara na-niile gara aga ma b na-

eson:
Anya m nwere ike idi na onye bla nlghachi az ra ya na-adgh ag a d nso
ide, bgh anw na n'okporo m, dgh sunspots n'ime l. Ma ghta na nnukwu
anya M nke l r, na-ele ka mma mmega; na mgbe d anya kar na ya na-iji
anya, nd z ga-amaliteghachi, tt n'ime echiche na-agwagh agwa elu-igwe,
n'ihi ya, na-amama site n'oge ruo n'oge na-aga. "Ihe m na-atnyere 'ptara?" jr
'm; ihe niile nwere ike b sensuous ma na-d ka ihe nnchianya nke ihe ime
mm. M ptara na na n'otu oge ah kas mara mma na truest nkwa nke ihe oyiyi
dabeere n'eziokwu na br na nd mmad d n'elu ala nn na idi nso egwuregwu
iberiibe, d mkpa ka na-eduzi ya anya nan d n'ebe d anya na d elu na-kasie, ot
ala, nke bla ukwuu obosara na d elu na-adabere na ya. Na n'bch echiche ma m
hr na d ihe karr eche echiche, meghere anya ka echiche a, Ot d, abal anya
nke nd mmad nan ezo aka na ya; naan ya b echiche meghere nan n'ihi na bch
echiche.
Na otu echiche nke a mr ya adgh oche naan, na ya ohere m chr iji na-echeta
iwebata akwkw a. b na Sanitz ok osimiri na m chr ga ke mma beech ha
nke na-eduba si Sanitz on Waldhalle site Stubbenkammer. G onye na-arah ogologo
nd m ngidere, ike gwr nke corridors nke gara aga bch na af az, si: "M ga
na-amas na-aga naan g; i nwere ike-efu; oh, na ot ga-ad mgbe m unu, na ikekwe
bgh ogologo oge, ga-ekwe ya gaa n'onwe g. " "nye maara," na-ekwu na m, "ma
br na na-eche na m, ma b na na, ma ka na-echeta any." Ma, m chere banyere
ya mgbe m gara n'ha naan ya; chere na nke na-enwegh nst hnanya na iguzosi
ike n'ihe na-edu m site tt af. The akwkw iji skyward, na-acha ann ann na
mbara igwe arched n'elu ya, anyanw fere ya na-egbu maramara ego n'ime na site
n'ok osimiri nile gara aga wee a mkpt n n'ha. b d ka a ok aghta ihe at
nke eluigwe, wa na ok osimiri, nke ga-bara na na-agw na echiche bch echiche
internally. Ma echiche nke obi jr isi; Echere m na, nwekwara af ju g bch
echiche na ya elu, obosara, doro anya echiche nke na naan g mma n'obi, na oge a,
mgbe ah ihe echiche ha na echiche, br na ha nwere ike bgh, n'ihi na dgh
onye nwere ike, dgh mgbe nwere ike. Na-eche mgbe onye na ibe-obi, nke b af
ojuju nke obi; a na-adgh mkpa bla n'wa si ele, ma na ike n'agbanyegh bla
n'wa si ele; d ka bla ohere maka ab cabins b n, o nwere ike na-ele wa
gburugburu d ka chr. - Ma n'oge na-adgh bilie n'elu nke a olu olu z. Ka n'ihi
na obi na nwoke chr ya af ojuju nan, abgh nan site n'obi ya; na nwere Day
bgh na-enye ya anya d n'ebe d anya, d elu na h obi a af ojuju? bna d ot
ah na-esote nke na-ach maka oge na azagh gbatr. Banyere obi t b otu mara
na onye z obi nwere any ahh na ya floats, bgh na-ar ka na ya, ma naechebe na ya iji chebe, na af ojuju b otu mara ihe e kere eke na n' nakwa n'iru
j nile o kere eke, ot a kwa ka ab apta otu kwesr ntkwas obi obi, nwere
ya; na nke a abgh Chineke nke Day. Ab obi ma ha now otu ihe, ga-enwe mgbe
nile; na na-at egwu na nw b ihe nkek nd d ugbu a ibe ha ezumike, ya mere,
b egwu nke abal echiche; nw na Day echiche kama etbede agbat na now ma
ikewap g n'ebe bla z.
Na any abgh uwa onwe gburugburu z ka obi na ihe nd z obi any, mgbe

anyanw ya na-enwu, na mbara igwe na-acha ann ann, na ok osimiri ya mkpt

ikwes ntkwas obi maara na any, akwkw tupu anyu-ike daa any ka any -ekpo
k, na-ach naan ruo onwe ya na-enwe h na omume enyi, d ka ma br na any
niile na d nn ghaa gha site n'wa, d ka abal anya nke na na-agha
gha. N'okpuru Fire, nke na-ach uche, obi na-ach ma mma; ma e nwere ike b a
z mara mma n'wa kara ebe nd mara mma ya onwe ya b eziokwu. Na b n'ebe
ah. Ha site na bch na-ele naan Chineke nke Chineke, onye na-ah ma na-an ihe
nile, ma, b akk nke ya na Chineke, onye na-ah ma na-an na mm ya
Nd a echiche, obi t, na ihe bla obi ike ga--af, nke na-eme ka echiche nke
bch echiche ya.
Ihe nd a akwkw a, b nan na-egbu nke gara aga echiche, a mkpumkpu d ka
atmat nd d mkpa na nke a mb, z mgbe tt isi ihe na akk nke ab nke
edemede.
II. Historical akk.
Ugbu a, Ot d, n'abal echiche b otu, ha nwere ike b nn onwe ya na nd z
kpas, na ha naan ma ihe na anya, n'ihi ya, b eziokwu ma naan ka ha mere d ka
nke ma, iji tfuo. Ihe otu ma, dgh ihe z iche si malite, ma a ga-enwerr,
nwekwara Ya mere dgh ziri ezi. Gn nwere ike b?
b ezie na, na wa nke oge a dgh mkpa na nwere ma na-aj maka ihe nke
abal echiche; b n'ihi na d ad ruo ogologo oge. Any d ka n'oge nd b na biri
nd mgbe niile na chchr abaitiat, onye nna nna bi na ya; ha enwegh anya h; o
nwere ike tinye banye n'ime, ha na-ah ihe bla nke ya, na hr ya a sham, b
naan duhiere. The n'chchr caverns nke abal echiche okenye, wa nke b bch
echiche d ot ah a h; n'efu niile ihe nd mere na o yiri; ma br na i gee nt mere
na dgh egosi, na ga na-an ihe nd ah na-eso na abali-ele naan. Nka nonwe ya
mfe weggefegte igbogbo ka; ma br na ekpochap nke a igbogbo ka, ot naekpochap n'ala, ndi nbu ya na Site n'ibu ugboro ugboro, bgh p. Achptara
m na miri kpkwara, nke nwere ike ikpebi wa na-ahr nd d ot ah a na-ele, na
otu nkwubi okwu na ihe nd na-emeghar ha.
D ka bu ihe nke bu nke z n'ozuzu na miri mere n'abal echiche. Iji napta
Chineke na-ekpere ars fragmentation na wa nkwa na izere ha di ala, ya nwere
nk mmta okpukpe, na atuaha ya b distilled na okwu nke aka ha ego ma na mgbe
z n'ebe ah n'onwe ya na-emegiderta, nke wa, na chi nile na-ejere nd mm ozi
gbanwee, nd a d elu kara kpakpando. Na now, bgh nan n'ezi ofufe dap, ma
Chineke mere ejighi oru na a nyefe nke n'ibu agha n'ezie na-emehie emehie siworo si
ya, wa d ka b caput mortuum maka nha na nnwale nke mm physics maka
Lukubrationen nd k ihe mma, na nkwulu nile nke nd k mmta okpukpe
nkwar. Ot ah ka Chineke nsh nwere na ya si n'okpuru, na sensuous dd tfuru
ya cohesion nke si n'elu, na-volatilized na-apgh ghta, a adalatawo ruo ole na ole
remnants.
Echiche d ot ah ihe, Ot d, nke cleaves d ad n'etiti ya, wa asa dnaya siteya nile ma si ot a wfuru, nwere ike gagh ab onye ikpeaz, d ka ya abgh

mgbe mb; Kama d mfe mgbe mb kara, nkera nke ab, nke any na-aba; wa b
ma mgbe niile zuru n'k, nke b nke ukwuu na mpga zuo ezu otu nke z, d ka
mmezu nke otu nke z, njedebe nke otu nke z; na d ka nd d ot ah, na-enye b
Day.
N'ezie, site n mmalite na-ekpere ars ele Physical na nd nwere nghta ot obere
ikewap si ndi Israel kara na nd mmad na mata ihe d iche na-acha cha, eke Ile
ihe. dgh eze d ike nke ukwuu, nd mara na nd bara uru d ka anyanw, a osisi,
ma dgh ihe, d nn d iche iche nd, na-eto eto, na-anw anw d ka ihe
mmad. Ebe now naan, d ka any sages-ekwu, soulless a fireball-emekwa, mgbe
ah, mr laedo chariot Helios na nkt ima-nma; a Dryas bi na osisi nile bula, na
ihe gakwagh eche na okwu nke abal echiche, obi. br ama abgh otu ebe nile
meptara na embellished mythical, nke a b echiche nke wa, ihe any na-ah n
mba, ha undeveloped ala, any nwere ike inwe a anya taa na-amalite. Ma nke ah b
nan otu, na-ekwu na ala kara nke zuru echiche. The eke mmad si ah si dd ma
mgbe nile na oge nan n'iberibe, na achikota onwe translucent kwa onwe n mkpr
anya; na nkwekrta nke niile na ohere ma doo anya banyere mmekrta ha na
eluigwe na ala gbapr ya; na nke ah b ihe Day d ka onye ozi na zuru ezu naekpere ars echiche nke mgbakwunye na atkwaswo nabata. Ha n'k na-abgh
lorenen iberibe kwa na mmekrta nke iberibe anya n mkpr anya, na penetrates
dabere dualistic ma b monistic version na-emezu n'ihi na ha na wa na a n'otu na
Chineke kachasi mkpa ma guzo ap nn, na ogologo n'ime a nkt unit na.
The Christian na islam ozizi emewo n'of ekpere ars tr ime; ma kama ngide
na-edo n'elu na wuchaa ya, ha nan tfuru atfu. jupta a nile n'etiti ndi nile nwere rue
nd chi. wetara niile ala n'okpuru a top lar, ha jidere na ebubo n'ime ikuku, n'ihi
ya kwa sunk n'ime abal n'abal echiche. The bch echiche ma lifts az bch,
na-ewuli ya n'okpuru n'elu nzkw na now ihe tt a Chineke elu n'ogo nke dum
steep. Na m chr na-ekwu na a ga-enwe n'dnihu n'wa si ele, ihe m na-eche na
Day fated ttr ak ihe mb n'wa si ele ihe nd kas elu si ele ihe anya taa. Na nke
a N'ezie, myths na nkwenkwe onye ga na-dobe z, na-eweta bla ka zuo ezu dum,
e agbal n'z zuru ezu izute, na-enwegh Ot d si ot chefuo nw nke nd z.
A pendulum swings naan n'otu akk, na-akwalite weakly ya, e, vibration nway
nway enwekwu, sweeps ihe niile ya na ya orbit, kpnwr z ba ikpeaz; na
pendulum eche a aga na akpatre ba, ike nwere ziri ezi; N'ihi ya, ndakp, edemede
z na-adgh ike, na ije d ike z, sweeps ihe niile ya na ya orbit, kpnwr na ba
akpatre; na ot ah ka pendulum akpatre-aba n uche ziri ezi na ma ntziaka nwere
otu nri; na nke nke ab ya siwing site ugbu a, maara n'oge bla, na omume ma
jijiji nwere nan na armr nke ma zuru. Olee ot wa si ele ka successively swung
na ab ntziaka; nke ab b nso stalling z, ma si ot ah na oge nke oke echiche
onuete.
A ga-angide a amma nke Day amalite ebe a, b ezie na pr ime z
mmepta kwa na sensuous dd bgh naan onye kere eke si ebe wa; Ot d n'ebe
ma na-adgh ala-angide a amma nke abal echiche b gbanye mgbrgw, na wa
juputara chchr na-agbachi nkt n'etiti onye kere eke. Ma nke mb amma z b

iwuli kari nke-z kwa se, na-ekweta mma na eke tr ime ihe, na-enye ihe m naegosi na lekwasr a ka obosara-ya di elu mmepe na nti okwu ma doo nd ah b isi
gb oloko mgbe naan otu z, Ot d ya emewo ka nd z bu j na obere ihe
ma b obere emegiderta iwu na-as mpi echiche.
Nke ah b ihe m na-agbal igosi nd na-eson, na nke ah b ihe ga-otu bchenwetara mmepe nke Day mmeri n'abali echiche, kama eweta ya a n'ihu mmepe,
naan amba n'onwe ya apgh izere ezere ruo mgbe ngafe eyi na-ar r.
N'ezie, r b nnukwu. D ka St. Christoph a na nwa na wa kpebisiri ike na-eyi
otu ugboro, n'ihi na oge b ga-gafee osimiri na-eson l ak, bgh ike maka r
ya na ebili mmiri anliefen megide kw ya na-eyi egwu gbochie ya, ma na nwa na
ogologo oge mgbanwe, na ihe siri ike maka ya b. N'ihi ya, o na-durchwatende iju
mmiri h n'ime ok osimiri nke forgetfulness verrinnender jr, nke nd ka taa akp
r nke Day, taa 'ka chr a nwa ewetara n's dnihu, ma na ha na z ha na-eme
ot ha na-eto eto na mmepe ya ike egwu na-eto eto, ma mgbe ha ga-ewusi nd ya ike
ike ime ot ah.
III. Basic ihe nke ab echiche megide onye bla z.
Nke ukwuu negations na-emegiderta onwe ha n'abal echiche n na-ap ap na
ya, d nn ka nd na site n'ubchi echiche. br na ha ab b nd ezi, na
psyche si n'of onwe any bgh naan anya, ma anya-agbasa site na wa, nakwa na
ha n na-agnye ke a n'otu nsh, culminating, ot a ka na Andrs nn eziokwu.
b na uche mmad na-sensuous anya na ta ya na a n'otu nsh b ezugh; Kama ihe
Stufenbau nd ime mm pushes onye n'etiti; Fdzie nwere ike Chineke spirit ya
na-ezuru mgbe gnyere m mmad onwe n'obosara na d elu; n'ihi na b banyere
ikpeaz isi eziokwu nke-at. Site any dum nzube nke nd na-overlapped site izugbe,
na-adgh daa si nd gbara ya gburugburu, ot ahkwa ka any nsh lar nke
izugbe b naan kara na-enwegh na adawo site na ya, n'ihi ya, ekpebiri any dum
maara nd n'ozuzu na. Na onye bla na-anwa, na-etinye ya d iche iche, punctured,
gbajiri ma b entteert ka mm nke wa, ma b na-wa nke mm ns, na edo
nchkta, anya mmiri na na eri nke eke chptara. D ka ah mmad b akk nke
dd gburugburu n'elu ah ptara ihe onwunwe wa, nke a n'ah, ya onwe ya
internally ptara, mm nke mmad k b nke na-adgh ala onwe ya ptara ime
mm b isi, nke b akk nke eluigwe na ala, na d n'otu nke mm mmad naan
a obere akk d nta uru nke unit nke Chineke spirit.
zkwa emezu n'z b isi naan mara mma okwu, nke, n'ihi ya, na-eji ya obi t,
ma nye dgh N'ihi ya, nd d ok mkpa eziokwu: na any bi Chineke na-akpali, na, na
na any, nakwa na na t ihe niile any na-eche ma ot any onwe any. Nwekwara
ike b na m nke z externally kwukwara on?
bna chere na na-ab nan Chineke n'elu ikpere ars mgbakwunye; ma-ekpe
nd mmad mm d iche iche d ka obere ars n'akk Chineke, ejigh ya kpr ihe
na-bughi enweghi ngwcha spirit dgh ebe nwere oke uche. Daworo mm ebi
n'okpuru Chineke hell, akpatre na nwere ya bna nwesr, na kama nke mmad nke
uche na ikwu na on na irubere na-eche echiche Chineke, idolized nd mmad, site

na-eme ihe Chineke na-aghgbu na m mmad.

fn e nwere a ma ama k ihe mma na k mmta okpukpe na-etinye dd
zuru oke nke okpukpe n'echiche nke dabeere n'ebe Chineke, ma Chineke na-etinye na
any d ka nd a b nd onye pr mata ihe bla n'ezie, d ka kwetara enweghi
ngwcha, bu ndu ebighi. Ma, olee ot chiri anya, na-ekpo k, cordial, ir echiche
nke na nduzi nke a na--amalite d any amagh ihe bla ma e wezga na o nwere
Njirimara na any enwegh, na-arpta adgh akwa nke nghta. Ma, olee ot d nn
iche e mere, mmetta nke dabeere n'ebe Chineke mgbe any na-aghta onwe any d
ka ebe maara na ime ya eme, ma mgbe nile ya elu ihe mma na-ar r
subordinated adgide adgide oge na Chineke na-eche. Iji Ot d, na any maara na
any nwere ihe d n'ime ya, any na-mara fd n'ime ya, na ihe mma a b Andrsacha cha na-akpak.
D ka ok mkpa gbanwe aka-ach, keonodu na-at ch oge d ka nd b isi ihe nd
d Day on nke nd niile na mmepe-ya nile aghagh dabere, ma na nke d n'etiti ha gaab ihe ezi uche, m na-atle nd mgbasa nke an dd nke wa n'elu kere eke si,
njik d na nchupu-ya na onye kas elu adgh ama unit na intervening mafe n'k na
any nsh dum, di ka Chineke, nsh b ma na ma na isiokwu.
Against a ka m na-ewere d ka fundamentally d ka adgide adgide contiguous oge
nke abal anya - nan na ga-ab a mmekrta adgh mfe n'z doro anya maara:
n'abal nke an anya na nd mmad na m anman n'of ojuju nke Chineke, ma
br na ka na kweere na Chineke, an banyere ptara na creaturely uwa, na mpga
see okwu nke mmad megide Chineke ma b bna ojuju nke nd mmad banyere
Chineke d ka a nan mmad echiche. Na abal nke an anya na nd mmad na m
anman n'of mgbe ah na-mettara Ntpta elo nnyefe, nke nwere ka mr n'ime
abal, n'ihi ya, na-ach ekm iji na dd zuru oke nke ihe; e nwere a search nke ihe
kpatara nke mirror oyiyi n'az mirror.
The Day abgh onye nd z echiche, ma na-dechap site na ya nti amalite,
dnaya na gwgw d ka a nile mere ihe nd n'abal anya d ka nd nkt mgbrgw
nke negations na-emegiderta. Ma b n'abal ele otu ihe nd z echiche; b mgbe
niile
ma aa millorar
edo ma
b echiche ziri; i nwere ike na-akp nke nwere aha, d ka b a
Contribuu
la traducci
ihe, d ka otu-ekwu na nke a spirit nke na-agnah, kwupta Chineke; Ot d ya ka
a Einig na-agw naan mma Chineke na-enye. -Izute n'elu isi ihe nke abal echiche,
b ezie na ejikr na kachasi mkpa, ihe bla na-erugh niile; n'ihi na ha pta
unerbaulichen bulie nan site na-enwegh nkwek, olee ot gw na-enwegh uba naakw gw na gw, na-eto eto kama ebelata. Enwegh ihe bla akk nke Day ya
aba nan na crudest ihe na Social Democrats.

Text original

IV. Development kpr nke Day.

The at ofu isi ihe nd d Day, d ka ha onwe ha na-mettara n'etiti onwe ha, n'otu
oge ude na ihe m nke a contiguous na olu n'onwe ya development. The isi na izizi,
d ka bpunctum saliens , nke a development na-enye na n'etiti na elu na ala

mediating ele ihe anya na any counterpart na Chineke abgh onye ozo, d ka akk
megide akk nke ogbo ka nd ogbo, ma ihe d n'ime, ka na akk megide dum, na
kwa megide steep. N'ihi na nd b Chineke na-agwa any adgh nn na-apgh
ghta; any onwe any b a aka, a obere nta, a obere ogbo na sample-ya nile. bgh
naan site na Bestande, ma site na nd estidem omume nke Chineke + b any ihe
ozugbo inweta na any estidem omume; na site ebe a na-gbasa na ime akk ka n
ekwegasr, mgbe bgh na-agw ike na Chineke d ad, ma na-enwe ganihu na ihe
mma nke z ya nke b na ya dinaa any na ihe nile e kere eke d na-agbago elu
akk nke generalization, ntnyere, mmekrta, nd iche usoro na gradation. Na sekit
na sekit na Chineke mode nke d ad ma nd na-mettara any nwere n'wa d ad
n'z, gwla ma any d ugbu d ad onwe ya nan otu akk, a ala d lar nke any
dum ad kpebiri na Chineke na nwere na-ach ihe na-aka iso na ya. Na mgbe wa
dum gh n'of any n'ike mm ns Chineke, agbasap gburugburu na br na
nego Stufenbau n'otu n'otu jiri mkpr obi mmad n'of any na elu.
N'ezie, d ka ogologo oge abal echiche ka na karr on wa, nd niile na-echiche na
nchikota, nd ohuru, obosara-ya elu h-ede wa, si ot ah meghee n'nd mb
echiche efu, Mythik na mysticism, bna n'ihi na nd na n'ihi na ala n'abal echiche
awade ihe bla nke ya, na ha abstruse Itie z na-eme ihe bla banyere ya. Mere
m maara na ma na ' ka na-amta. Kama ndidi, ha ga-ah oge ha; b naan b
na bch.
Nd z na-emechi any si n'of onwe any, nd nwere ihu ma otu, b nke any n
n'ebe nile si ebe a na n'ebe ah, site n'aka taa na tt nso na ihe niile ahr anya
sayens si nyere closes on bgh nnwekrta. nye n'ezie nwere ike ghara na ha
weere n'otu n'otu b ya mere erugh ala, si n'ebe ime ime na ha akpali elu site na
nyere n'ihi nd na-abgh Kwadoo. Ya mere n'abal anya tlee ya mgbe mb nzkw
iji naan ma na nd dabeere na ihe bla; ma nd ah nwere Day anya, ihe onye kr
na ntukwasi-, site na-eweta n nile na nd na zuo ezu nkwenye d iche iche naenyocha ka herewith ebe e nwegh iwu siri ike ihe mma b omume, ma otu d nso
d ka o kwere na-aba. D ka kpebisiri ike n'echiche nke Day ma a ga-atle, nke namettara atuaha n'ihe b isi ihe na-gnyere echiche nke n'akk niile ekweta; ma nke
ah b nn ihe nd kas n'ozuzu na mkpa.
Mgbe nke ah gasr, nd Day ka ga d iche na mmepe ha na mmba, ma bgh
zerfahrer nwere ike ebigh br na h retains ya at b isi ihe d ka ihe siri ike
breakpoints nan d ka a ezi mgbanwe ma na ma nst na dere na n'etiti akara. E
nwere na ala nke Day hr ajj nd na-adgh ugbu ke ogbu nke abal echiche, na
hr egwuregwu mgbagwoju anya nke ka na-echere ihe ngwta, ma b nan nd
nke e nwere ike inwe ruru ka ele, bgh nd nke ha nd ghara ikwe. E nwere mgbe
ah hr t d iche iche na gw d iche iche pr zlite, ma bgh ruo isi na
n'elu-eru Zerspaltungen. Na nk ihe mma ga-aba na-ele n'bch iji a hr n'ala
na hr mgbanwe na-amalite, ma imi ha iche on oge ochie ala nke abal ele onwe
ya. The sayens b ha na-adbegh anya mma z gas wezuga na nchoputa nke ihe
onwunwe wa, kama n'elu-ebili ka okwukwe na ihe ime mm kama propping-etinye
ya. The nk mmta okpukpe ga mesr chta okwukwe ha na usoro iwu nke okwukwe
na Day echiche.

Ihe niile Kas nkt, kas elu, ikpe-azu, n'ebe kas, kas mma, kas mie emie mgbe
niile ya na dd any na-a okwu nke okwukwe. Na ndda ranges site wa dum na-eje
ozi site na mgbe immemorial, b ihe okwukwe; na ihe bla iwu, chua site na oke,
sitere na ebighebi nke ohere na oge, b ihe okwukwe; na e nwere m irighiri akk
na undulations nke h, b ihe okwukwe; mmalite na njedebe nke akk ntolite b ihe
okwukwe; bna maka jiometr, e nwere n'ihe banyere okwukwe na n gg nke
akk na ihe ndek nke Yiri. Ee, nditm ekwu okwu ihe nile b ihe okwukwe, nke a
na kpmkwem ahmah, na ihe bgh fd mgbagha. Onye bla ihe mma nke
ihe, na-aga n'ihu na okwukwe na aghagh ngide na ha, na n'ikpeaz ikwubi Ya
mere, na e nwere ike b a njik, ganihu na kre ihe mma. Ma ike a kwere ekwe
bna-mma akwado na mma kara nd z. The kas mma okwukwe akpatre onye, ya
na nd niile ihe mma na any niile bara uru dmma b na widerspruchslosesten
n'onwe ya, na d ka nd d ot ah bkwa nd ga-eme n'dnihu maka onwe ya site,
nd d iche iche iche okpukpe nd na-enwe ebe b na gafere, ebe niile na e nwere
kama n mma mbak.
Ya mere, ihe niile ahmah n nkwubi adgh ezu yie nd ziri ezi bch echiche ya
kas elu na ikpeaz ahrokwu agwcha na nchekwa nke Pythagorean Theorem. Ihe
kr nd hr nchekwa, b ihe okwukwe. Ezu ma br na ihe ka na-angide na a
okwu nke okwukwe, na na z kas mma ihe nwere ike ma otu aka na-agbakwnye
na gwgw, na aka nke z retains ya post.
Olee nta n'ebe nile nke ihe n'ezie na ptara ma ptara, ihe kacha mkpa, bna ihe
any nwere ikwu. Ihe e ji dum okpukpe? Ihe bla. Gn bna eziokwu ah b na
nwanne g, onye agbata obi g, g nkta nwere mkpr obi? Ihe bla. Ma b na ihe
na-ah site na a osisi, a osisi kwekr na anyanw na echi ka taa ga-ebili, na
Alexander ebiwo? dgh onye nke a bu nke e gosiputara na iwu siri ike n'echiche
ha, ma Kere; Ma any ga mgbe nile 'na na-amas kwere; any bi, any na-ebi d ka
b nd kpamkpam na a wa nke okwukwe, nwere ike na-esote kpam ikpeaz
nzkw ime na-enwegh okwukwe. Ya mere n'kpr nile nke okwukwe ga-ab d
mkpa bna kara ihe mma, ma br na bgh otu n'ime kpr nke okwukwe
ya, na-adabere na ihe mma, ka ihe nke aga, d nn ka ghara dabere naan
ya; ma bkwa n'ebe a ka okwukwe kpr nke Day One. Ugbu a na ihe mma naaga enwegh ebe ot anya na any ot zuru ezu; na ot b ihe nke ab kpr nke
okwukwe nke Day, kwere ihe d any mkpa, ihe nke at ma b akk ihe mere eme
kpr nke okwukwe emee 1) . On a kpr n'ime onye t ozizi nd Day, n'ihi na
b d nn a ozizi. Ma, n'ezie, olee ot tr ya, mgbe na-aghta mgbe kenmde
n'kpr nile nke okwukwe, d ka a k mmta okpukpe na okwukwe naan onyinye
si n'elu, d ka a k ihe mma na-ah naan a kpr nke ejigh ihe n'aka.
l)

Nke a, otk-eji nkenke oge, at kpr na-owt akpan akpan ke t. IX, naagba s na nchikota meptara na "at ebumnobi na ihe mere nke okwukwe".

The na-abgh k ihe mma lela n'ezie karsa okwukwe, chr dochie ya ihe
mma, na-agbal ka zuru ihe mma. Ugbu a nile na ugwu zuru ihe mma

ekwuptawo nade ebe d anya na ha ugwu, niile ime dike n'ok, d nn nwegh
viable k pta na ya. Na ot a k-ekwu megide: a k nwere ike nn ihe ime d ka
nke onwe ya; ebe maara na maara ihe bla ma a, b nan fd ihe mma. Ma
ot b ugbu a d nn nr na k.
N'ezie, Ot d, n'bch k ihe mma na ihe mma na nd ihe ozugbo ihe
mma naan nke onwe ya kwere omume ime ka na-amalite ihe nile enwetara ihe
mma na dabeere na n'elu d ot ah kweere, na-enyocha n'abal nk ihe mma
mma leakage na nkwenkwe nwere obere si ot zere na prefers kwusi a amalite
zlite ihe mma naan nke zuru echiche, aknuche naan irite site n'onwe ya ka ak
na uche e ma rr naan maka n'armka fd na a amalite nn imprisons onwe ya
naan nke mikwuo emie ihe n'onwe ya ihe bla budding, Nleta mm mmad,
mgbe m mmad ma d onwe ya a akk nke ihe n'onwe ya. Na nke a na bara uru
okwukwe mkpa, na-eme ya bna site a bara si ele ihe anya na mgbakwunye na ihe
mma ma b d ka a gbazie ya tgbr n'efu na naan ihe efu, bgh d ka a
ngide na kre ihe mma, ide. D ot ah udi apgh na-ezukta ziri ezi na nk ihe
mma, okwukwe na ihe mma na nk mmta okpukpe na sayens kpamkpam
gbara alkwaghm nke mere na onye dd nke Chineke, nke z Chineke kpamkpam
tutu amama si agwa. The ikpeaz ga nke ma nke ihe nile 'ma nke a b na dgh
nke at na nke z, na nk ihe mma nke nd dgh ihe z n'onwe ya b na af
ojuju.
M Kwesr nd dkr nd nk ihe mma na-ewu a kpr akp, ot ah ka m gaadr ya d ka Penelope, na ab n'ihe banyere. Otu ugboro na na ha mgbe niile onwe
ya dissolves onwe ya kpara akpa kw z, na mgbe ah, n'ihi na o nwere tt ch
l g ba, site na nke ka na-e n'l. carouse n, sere n'elu g bla z naenwegh na-eme ka onye bla z nwr anw, na-eche maka bch nke gburu
niile n.
Na i chere na n'ihi na bch g anya nke wa maka nani ihe? Ma, olee ot kwesr
bch nwere ike imeri n'abal, mgbe o chere kwa umeala banyere ya?
Ma m kweta n'ezie na mba a baara na ebe a nile nke ugbu a amamihe nke general,
kas elu na kacha ihe d wsara n a ite nke abal iji ya wsa n'ebe onye. E mb
herauszulesen tt ihe ma? Ma olee ot a ga-edozi site n'olu nke na-ag nke ite
nile. Ndien nso ke ya; ezi abgh Ya mere n'okpuru na na-thapr na, ma a na-site
n'onwe ya z hr ite na a.
Otu ihe. N'ebe nile na Day zutere ajj nke mmekrta d n'etiti ihe onwunwe na
ihe ime mm lar, ahu na nkpuru obi, ma d, kama ihe bla, bna ka n ajj,
dozie ajj nke mere na uwa nke a mmekrta, ma nke unquestionable eziokwu nke
chptara na site onwe any na generalizing, gbasa, ime zkwa d ka ubi nke
chptara generalizes mgbe gbasaa, na-abawanye iji chta obere ihe nd d na any
mettara ibu gabiga any. D nn ka nke a b ime ya, na-amas g mgbe ah na ibu
ebe-apgh any d ka nd ka nta na any onwe any.Megide ihe tt-tinyere isi na
an j abal nk ihe mma ah na-esite echiche nke tt isi ajj nke mere na
kachasi mkpa nke mmekrta ah, na b ya mere na-agagh banyere ya.
E nwere ihe ab iche iche nke k eletrik ma b naan otu? br na chr

ga-esi na a nke na mkpebi mere na na tiori k eletrik, agagh n'obosara, ma b

kama adkwa. Ma, ozizi k eletrik nwere abgh-enwegh ajj, ma na ndabere nke
ajj ma b ihe ha kpebiri - kama, ajj na-adgh ma kpebiri taa - meptara, na b
ya mere nke nta iberibe amba, nke igbogbo ka mpempe akwkw dtara eletriki
igwe, galvanic ikpo, na mm-eduzi na Telegraph netwk, nke n'af wa
gafee. N'ihi na bch ele ajj ma , ide uche na mkpa, ahu na nkpuru obi b nan otu
ma b ab e kere eke b ihu ma na oge b undecided, ma-achso eziokwu, nke
b onwe ha nke a nke, d ka ahmah na ahmah gwgw. Na ot a kwa a dum
akwkw ma dualism ma b monism, mgbe ah, banye ya naan ke akpatre
ngalaba na fd echiche na otu onye nwere ike h ok egwu ma b; ma nd b isi
ihe ka na-esi nke na-Day na-emetta n'z ihe onwunwe.
V. Positive development oge nke Day megide negations.
(Chineke, nd sensuous phenomenal wa, mkpr obi ajj, wa, na nd,
ihe j n'wa.)
1. Chineke.
Ikwere na otu Chineke onye nsh nd mmad d ka ogologo, d ka kara n'd elu,
okpon akan site n'elu na bch ah nile na-ele na a na-akwado ab z d ok mkpa
isi nke otu si n'okpuru. The sensuous anya ka m mmad na anman, na-apgh
ise n'elu ke oghere, na-ach isiokwu, ihe overarching nsh n'ihi ee. D ka obosara
nke gg isi substructure ime mm lar na-etolite, na ot adahade n'elu obere
ugwu ma b pyramid mmad nsh nke ha itiba na kas elu n gg kas elu,
n'elu ihe nile n'otu n'otu ekike nke kere eke a onye kas elu ekike on, ma ga na-agbasa
bch echiche nke si n'elu ala na mmba nke ozizi nke Chineke n. The usoro nke
Day b ugbu a d nn chch Chineke nke.
N'abal echiche ma na-n'ezie na-ekwu okwu nke d n'otu na d ebube niile metere
Chineke h, na okwukwe na-awa na ebe nchekwa nke ka na-ejide ya aka. Na ihe
mma ha na ya pta ma na-eduga, d ka a daa angel, naan, na na site nd a pta
nwere akpatre tojuru okwukwe, any bara ebe any n taa; magh ot nan'okwukwe bna d ka o nyere ya aka.N'onwe ya, b n'abal echiche n'ezie, kama
h Chineke, ma na mmad nsh nke kas nsh, n'ihe d n'ebe ah. N'ihi na ebe
maara l, a na-emechi mmad n'elu-eru na ogologo nsh ebe ga-enwe ihe nd e ji
aba ka elu banyere imechi si; adabere ma onye nkt na nd fdr na-etinye n.
Na nke ah b nk ihe mma nke amagh ihe bla nyochaa ihe nkek nke mm
kama ihe overarching n'ozuzu nsh ke otu ekere k n'okpuru izugbe amagh onwe,
nke ekwu omimi Njirimara nke b reminiscent nke nsh, naan na bgh nansh. Nk ihe mma nke echiche-ekwu na nke a spirit of ndi mmadu, nke akk
ihe mere eme d ka a gbalaga ma dgh egosi n'ezie na-agagh ekwu banyere ya, ma
anya maka ejik nsh naan na onye meshes, na nk ihe mma nke monads bna
naan n'ime atm nke teepu , na n'ihi h ihe onwunwe n'anya efu b mmekrta nke
mkpr obi na okwu ah n'etiti mkpr obi. The bch echiche ma rr ka na nd a
nk ihe mma abal echiche nke ukwuu ofri ka ihe akpan akpan na-ar ka banyere
ya.

Ka ejik nsh nke any uche wezga onwe ya, ot pr ijide n'aka na a
akparamaagwa nke echiche, na-echeta, echiche efu, echiche, chch, obi t na ihe
mgbu na a gbara chchr nne Stock, b nd na-am ihe nile, na-enwegh ma
banyere ya,-ezukta, na ot ga-a akparamaagwa nke nd mmad h na nke ugbu a
mba akparamaagwa nwere, ihe a echiche, ihe niile n'otu n'otu nsh verknpfendes,
nsh b p; nwere ma taa na mba akparamaagwa abgh ihe z kara nd d ot
ah mmad akparamaagwa. b Uhland nwr anw nynya na nd niile akwara,
veins, akwara ihe nd kas mma nynya, ma bleibts a nwr anw nynya, na ekele
d ukwuu maka ya otu mmewere, nwere ma anatomierte bgh ka e mgbagwoju anya
na nd d nd.
N'etiti nd e nwere nd z n'ozuzu na elu mmekrta n'otu chch, ala, sayens,
nk, etc .., onye ogbugbo ya h, n ihe, okwu, na-ede, wdg Mgbe Day now bgh
naan mmad nwere ihe mma nke nd a mmekrta ma a ihe n'ozuzu na elu spirit
banyere ya, site mara dum web nke mediations nd a mmekah ozugbo na na
njik. Ma ebe b na na-eme n'abal k ihe mma b nan echiche efu n'ime
onwe ya, na e nwere mgbe a na-ahkwa z na-an na n'wa z na - h na da
n'etiti nd ya ot nan nwr anw vibration ihe onwunwe ihe; ya onwe ya b naan
onye na-ah ma na-an - mfe itinye ya niile ji br onye ogbugbo mmekrta d ka
nd mmeghar anya n'ime onwe ya na b naan mere onwe ya anya n'wa, doo nke a
Chineke ma n'ihi nd kas elu nke ihe nile, site na nwoke mmata nke mkpokta onodu
nke ihe, ihe bla o nwere n'ime onwe ya, na-ach ok iwe na karr onwe ya.
b kwuru banyere: ma chch, ala, sayens, nk, wdg, na obere niile l r, si
ot ekwuptakwa elu ime mm mmekrta na wa, ma mee ka nan nd b nd, ot
ah ka nwoke retains d ka Onye Okike na n'etiti nile d nn mkpa niile. - Ma n'ezie,
nd niile na-ngwar na-enwegh nd ah, ma mee ka dghkwa nan nd; na a ezi udo
d n'etiti nd mmad si ot ah kwadebe, na-ach ihe bla mgbakwunye ma b a
eke na achikota mmekrta d n'etiti ha edo. br na nd na-eme bgh site n'ala
di n'okpuru ukwu-ha, ok osimiri na-erubere ha n'gb mmiri, ikuku site na nke
okwu na h site na az na anya na-aga az n, bgh iche n'ebe ha nwekr
mmekah nkt mmetta nke dd iji natara na kpakpando n'elu ya, ya mere
dghkwa ka ma b ala, ma b sayens, wdg kpworo, ga-enwe ike ka na-ad
taa. Elu-igwe, anyanw, nwa, mm, na gb eluigwe, nke knyere nd mb
okpukpe nd, kama nd mmad n'ebe ah na tupu a ass pr kpr nke nd na-ama
ihe na mmekah nke ihe-ah , otu na-akp aha. Nke b eziokwu b: ihe d ad tupu
mmad niile na Chineke spirit juptara wa kere m mmad enwegh eleghara ya si
ha na-akpakrta, ama aka iso ndinam n'ime nke a ha na m ha na akk; o lebara
anya az ya; b a na-aga n'ihu onwe-eso eme nnyefe si n'elu ala, na ala elu na niile
ntziaka, daptara na wa na-emetta n'okpuru nduzi nke a n'ozuzu spirit of niile
ahr na onodu na-enweta.
Ugbu a, otu ike-emejupta mgbe niile, n'etiti n'akk nile nke, ma bgh dum
n'wa wa, ebe mgbe dozie a pr iche nsh, nd mmad itinye nn mkpa, ma
adgh aka dum, na akk nd na n'otu oge ah na-ime mm nakwa n'akk na-, d
ka pr h kas elu akk nke l ke Atmat nke a l, kama b naan ma
br na ha na-weliri site elu nke n'okpuru ala na ikuku na-angide na miri n'okpuru

ptara ihe owuwu ah dum. Ma, n'ezie, mgbe Copernican usoro agaghkwa ekwe ka
any kwere na anyanw ebute wa, any na-eche ka na-na wa, na anyanw ebute nd
mmad.
The n na netwk m nke ma, ha b isi ihe na gb, ma dum na netwk b, d ka
ya nile n z. tghe n, ya mere, ha onwe ha b obere netwk, na ezinl dum
na netwk nke wa b b otu onye eketbe n.
Mgbe abal k ihe mma site miri sitere n'ala ala obi ihe a na-apgh maara
Chineke, ma-achpta na ya kwesr, n'ihi ya, anagh chr kws ya, o kwuru, na
a bara uru postulate nke ma theoretically ihe niile na-deducted z, nke na bara uru
mmas b na-agba akaebe na nke ya. Otu onye nwere ike n'ezie na-ekwu okwu ot
nke hnanya, obima, amamihe + Chineke na-ebi ikwu banyere ya, ma si ot naadaba adaba na nkt nghta, ma onye ga-ab nk ihe mma mgbe niile ngide namaara nke nd inappropriateness nke ya: n'ihi na hnanya, obima, amamihe wdg
n'ezie e ji mara mmad, na Chineke angh niile e ji mara mmad, ma b dgh
ihe z m mmad niile ihe mma nke ya Njirimara.
Mgbe bch echiche na b n'ezie nakwa; ma n'ihi na insofar ka bgh n'elu ya,
ma n'ihi na o mere n'otu oge na nwere kas elu na kas mma m mmad na
creaturely Njirimara n'etiti onwe ha, na rchara na ihe unreachable elu maka
any. The Bible e ji mara nd mmad n'otu: Chineke n'anya karia ihe nile na onye
agbata obi g d ka onwe g; bch echiche kamakwa gbanwee nke na-eduga ya obi:n'anya Chineke kara ihe niile z na hr n'anya n'anya niile d ka onwe ya, n'ihi
na hr nan akk nke onwe ya eke Nigeria nime ya.Nso ma ha nwere ike b ya,
na Chineke dkwuo n mma enwegh ike b na ike any ibe any n, dgh ka
br na any nile nwekr akk nke any, ya niile na-agbakwnye, ka any na-ah
dum. The ebe maara na-enwe mmetta, b godliness; echiche bla na ot obi ma
na-ewepu ya, ihe na-adabere na asprgh Chineke.
2. The an wa nke a h ya anya.
Wider h ya unu na-eche echiche Chineke sunk n'ime ihe Day na wa? Ma
ichikota naan Day onwe ya ruo mgbe n'z nd z kara site na ikwiikwii n'anya
n'abal echiche. Kama nke ah, i nwere mgbe ah wa na-eche ruo weliri Chineke
site na-eche echiche repealed na Chineke niile an dd nke wa, na n'az ya n'ihu
j n'ihi na ihe bla; n'ihi na e nwere na-elegh anya ka n'az? b Chineke kw,
ihe na-eche b a stool n'okpuru kw ya, nke mere bna ihe gnyere wegziehst
n'ihi na dgh ya mkpa ya. bna ikwu okwu taa nke a ubiquitous na wa, maara
ihe nile na ihe nile-ir Chineke na mgbe ah, z nke a nn wa Chineke, na bna
adgh akws na-emegide onwe g; na gmebi akpatre nke mmegide sitere, d mma
nd z na otu uche onye na. Otu na-ezo aka na bch na-ele kwa; naan na ptara
na na a ghtakwuo uche. Ka Chineke e wezga h na uche zuru wa bgh nzu
ebe nile na onye maara, ma h b ya na-ah ihe niile d n'wa na b anya n niile a
na-an, bgh Chineke na sensuality nke wa furu efu, ma nile elu adahade Chineke
echiche on.Were ya na mmad nwere nan anya na-ah, ma b naan nt; d ka
ogbenye, ala ga-ab echiche nke n'z nt chiri ma b kpuo s. Ma echiche
Chineke na-dabere bgh nan on n'anya na nt nd niile nd mmad, kamakwa h

na nt nd niile na-karr. Relations on mmekah n'etiti ikpo elu n'ime ya elu elu iji
mezue kas elu lar, na d ka a eze ozi ya, nd a nwere nd isi ha, na nd a nf ha naebu n'iwu ya, bgh ihe niile n'ezie, ha na-edu nri, ot eme na-abgh uzo nke
Chineke kasi elu uche site n'n nd uche na instincts nke ya elu ma na ala e kere eke
nke wa gia; Ot d na-eme ka reins mgbe niile akwgo n'aka; b naan ihe niile
internally na ya ihe atughar n'ebe ah.
mee ka kws a k n'tle physiologist emee - na bgh physiologist ikike ikwu
okwu banyere h na n ihe - ajj n'ebe a: br na e kwesr banyere nd mmad
na m anman n'of ka a h na-an na ihe bna echiche ihe Chegod a naahkwa z, n ihe, na-eche echiche Chineke, ebe b banyere nd mmad na m
anman, na anya na nt na br na-. br na b na-enwegh, na ihe nd yiri, ihe
ga-ab n'echiche akk na br nke e kere eke na e kere eke onwe ha n'ebe
ah? Gn mere mgbal nke nk na ha oruru? gagh any na-enwegh. Ma br na
na-adgh na bgh, b na-enwegh bgh.
fn, ok osimiri b nnukwu na mfe tt multiform iko na bket ise ozugbo ma
b udiozi site na ya; ma ha na-eme ka mmiri ghara ma see ya d nn naan ya naach ka laghachi na na-eji manifold az n'ime ya. Ot a kwa ka uche akk nke
kere eke na e kere eke onwe ha na-adgh n'ebe na-eme ka hr ma n naan, kama
iji nweta si n'ozuzu isi iyi nke na-ahkwa z, n na a n'z pr iche na-eji ha n'z
pr iche na-erigbu.
Ma gn mere a tnyere. Kama asuan physiologist ot ah, any na-eso ya na ubi ya,
na na akpachara anya na-emeghar ihe mgbochi na wa mgbochi. N'ezie agbasa ruo
mgbe o kwusr ya, okwukwe b n'ezie kpr nke Day. Ya mere, ihe nd
physiologists ma ama d ka eziokwu n'h?
Si kwa mgbe n'z a cone nke zar adagh anya g na-emechi site na ike nke na
anya g na az a mgbe on your retina n na-enye ya agbata obi ihe, otu ihe oyiyi nke
mpga ihe. Ma bgh ot ah, d ka hr kama a doo anya image naan n'ijikta
slurred ndetu. Ma bgh bleibts na-egbuke egbuke ihe na retina, onye nke bla naeziga a doo si n'ebe n'ime br g na aka iso site na br, iji wee ngide na izute
nd zar nd z ntziaka na uche ziri ezi pta, ma si ot ah adgh emet ha n'ah
na -echetara g ka ekwe ka aba g nsinammuo na echiche g. bgh ot ah, ma
b na maara na-eche echiche dirs d iche iche? Ma mgbe nile na bleibts onye ah
nke a mgbe, bna ihe hr na ebe nchekwa, ma br na naan amalite nke
radieshon na retina d nn ka yunifm d ka t, na-egosipta, b.
Ugbu a Gini mere ji Chineke onye anya ka g na g mkpa lso edo radieshon ihe
gabiga onwe g, n'ihi na o nwere na-enwu ihe nke mpga wa na ya. Kama g retina,
ma b kama n'az ya nile retinas nke e kere eke na niile, o nwere retina elu nke
ihe; nke b ihe kas nkt na b isi, d. Na mgbe zar gafere site n'ihu g na br g
na radieshon si z nile n'akk na-si ot banyere n'ime ihe nd kas n'ozuzu
mmekah, na-ahzu ihe nile dd na-na nye g anya na br g inyeaka ngw na
hr amalite ihe na mgbe ah hr nsogbu zlite pr iche mmekah.
Ugbu a, n'ezie nwere ike bcha eziokwu na Chineke na-ah any h; n'ihi na
kwetara kpam n'aka ya, n'ihi ya, ga-ad naan mmad h; nke a abgh eziokwu

n'ihi ya, nwere Chineke na-ahkwa z tupu any h na karr otu.

Onye bla n'k nke any retina na-eziga naan a egwunye na br any, na onye
bla n'ime nd a ib b mgbe ah a pr iche na akwara akpa wee ghara igbochi ya
na radieshon si n'akk echiche, bgh ka elapse ot ah. k gasiri nwere ike
dissipate na ogidi nd d n'br ya, any na-amagh. Ma, ch bla o kwere omume
n'k nke n'z wa niile ntziaka, n'ihi na o nwere bgh nan na onye anya na
br, ma mgbe tt puku na karr na-radiate ah n'wa dum, ka tt puku nd ya,
nakwa ot gbajiri foto nke e kere eke -enye na a ga-ama maka wa b n'of
unbroken dd onwe ya. na-angide bla n'ime nd a zar, b ezie na na-aga
na-enwegh cover, ot ah d mfe, mixes na reflows d ka obere na ndi zar nke
agbata obi ihe, d ka ma br na o nwere nd pr iche n'akk tube intersects na
nd z na-eweta na-apgh gta n z gafertara ibe, ihe e ji mara j ungeirrt,
niile anya onyinyo nke otu mgbe. Nke ah b n'ihi na o nwere ka banye n'ime nd naabgh n'z na z site akwara protein, ebe bla ntp nke ibelata ya na-egwu ka
dissipate, ma na-akpali ngwa ngwa kara mm site ikuku na Eta ya z. Bad naan
na ga-ab nke nd e kere eke, bna ma br na mere na-aga na-edu site na ya,
na-enwegh oge na ohere zlite mmekrta nke b ike ime ha, na-ahap na-akpata
ga-eme n'dnihu mmekah, d ka na tangled na eme protein N'ihi nke
br. zkwa, b d iche iche na na doo si bgh d ka n'anya any naan na k
eletrik, chemical usoro ma b na Chineke maara ihe - na physiologist amagh onwe
ha, kama b naan na-eche nke a na na - nwere ime eme iji site na j na-at protein
ya z -ah; ma o nwere ike mere obere ka h na ikuku na Eta, na ebe a abgh naeme ka nd d ot ah a azmaha kwesr nweta, na k na chemical h ya mere
obere h na ha nwere ha pr iche mkpa k.
Ma nd uru nd h Chineke gosiri nd z kara nke creaturely h. Chineke
na-ah ihe niile otu mgbe, d ka ha na-egosi onwe-ha ohere nke at akk, ya anya si
n'akk niile na n'otu oge ah, ha ziri ezi size, ezi nd, ha ziri ezi nchapta na
agba, na dgh fineness nke Nzipta gbapr ya. Ya h b nan kpmkwem naahkwa z nke ihe; ot na-ah ihe, ha n'ezie anya, ma na-ele anya n'otu n'ihi na
Chineke b otu n'ime ihe oriri nke ha eke. Any Ot d, h ornately mma igwefoto
obscura any anya nke ihe nile, b nan nd n n'ihu any, na-enwegh na nchiri
z, ha na-ah naan na elu projections, si n'akk ma b na, a na ma b na
mbelata na-agbanwerta ibe ha na-taa , onye bla na ya z nd na ptara ma
bgh na; ma na-eme ka wa yi, na-d nn meptara a ak na ba nke mmekrta,
nke nwere ike zlite-enwegh.
Ugbu a mmad nwere, b ezie na h Chineke gosiri ike na-enwegh ike
izute-ndikom anya ya, site ak, site na-agbanwe nd ya, site na-aghta na nd z,
na site maara na amagh ihe bla nchikota, nd nke na-abgh wa ruo n'k
fd n'echiche it Chineke nsinammuo ma nagide kara kwa nile nke onye echiche
si n'ebe ahu. D ka a na-amr abal echiche Committee-ele sina na a nile d ad nke
onye gw; n'ihi na ihe na-ma br na e nwegh ahkwa z n'az ya anya; ya
mere b chchr ma e wezga ya anya na ya na wa dum.
Mgbe nke ah gasr, ka ike n'ebe nd z na uche ziri ezi na otu echiche d ka a

okwu n'ihe anya na-; ma m ga-enwegh wa physiology ebe a; b naan na-emegide

physiologist nke na-eme ka obere n gg nke m mmad na physiology ka ozizi
nke n'ozuzu nd, d ka ma br na bara garanya kpuchie ha. -Adgh ala siri ike
n'eziokwu, b kwesgh na bara garanya n'ihi na ihe bla na ya.
3. The mkpr obi ajj, kpakpando na osisi.
fn, e nwere fd na mgbe abal echiche pr imeju a livelier chch, bgh
naan ghta echiche nke wa d ka a dum n'otu, nd, site n'ime ime mm eke,
Chineke, ma bna anchi anya na vivacity na agbghba. Ihe ha na-ak bna
bch zuru echiche? bgh ot ah n'ebe d anya n'ebe ihe na enwegh, nd gbara
chchr ime-ulo si n'oghere na h anyanw na-ach na-ah h, ma kpuo s apgh
h ihe d ka h, d ka na-ah onye b onye bi n'h. Jide d ebube nke ya n'ozuzu
echiche, ma content ha b ihe bla oghom di na-emegide iwu kwa ike megide a naele ha mmiri ara nne ha siworo ma, na chchr, ha na-ada, kwa. Site Star na osisi
echiche ahuwo Nnam d ka ifufe; echiche b mgbe Chineke na-akpata, okwu forms
na Nkea mm; kama b naan m mmad na anman nwere ya a ntakr kara
ezi okwu. Ogbenye kpakpando, mgbe chi na mm ozi, nke anya ka anya elu na
nkwanye gw, na isi, na-angide ya nwr anw b lumps onye a nwoke
azpa; ogbenye okooko osisi na nke na-amas anya, nke yiri ka na-ach ch onwe
any; ime ka dgh ihe z nd; ma ga-apta n'abal iji ha kas dr nchebe reagent
ebelata ka sensashion na abal onwe ya na-ebelata nke ukwuu mgbe g iwe oghom
kweskwara pta sensashion; ogbenye akwkw na ekwu banyere mkpr obi nke
kpakpando na osisi; ruffled site materialists on otu n'ime nd idealists na nst z,
tutu amama site n'okike, n'ikwe ibuot esie, mgbe laghachi, rere anya commercially
unyi n ala, makuliert, i akpatre e tara ahh. N'ihi na ihe a ghtara n'echiche nke
Day, na-egosi na echiche nke abal echiche uche na-adgh, n'ihi na nke ukwuu
absurdity yiri eke ya.
b n'ezie maka bch ele na, nyere ihe n'ike mm ns na-enye ya ihe mmad
na m anman si na onodu nke wa, b agaghkwa j ebe-aga aga-amalite na
nst, kama b naan ebe na ebe ha mere na a kwekr ekwek z izugbe na-aga
aga kpr, n'otu n'otu, d ka m mmad na anman; nd a b ihe rba ama nke nd
na-ewu na nd nke e nwere, na b gwgw nke a stepladder na b n'ime onwe any,
gabiga onwe any n'ebe ah, na mbido, mmeghari na yiri echiche dgas iche iche ebe
b; n'ihi na Night View niile n'efu, n'ihi na na ya axioms na, ebe ihe rba ama nke
m mmad na m anman na-aga aga na-efu, na-aga aga mgbe efu, nemegide a
priori. N'oge a isiike mgbidi krie niile ihe, ma si ot tfuru nd na gburugburu abis.
N'z d iche, enwekwu na okwu nke bch echiche na wa nke mmad nsh
okirikiri a elu wa na nsh okirikiri nke kpakpando na nwere kaibe n'obi madu,
bna naan a obere gburugburu na otu n'ime nd a ok okirikiri, n'akk nwa ah
mkpr obi ogbo nke osisi. Na Chineke gburugburu b akpatre niile nsh ma
kwuchaa, na mgbe dgh onye agbata obi gburugburu gburugburu dnaya nke nd
z na-acha cha, nwere Chineke gburugburu niile to content na mkparita uka n'etiti
niile na mkparita uka nile.
m mmad ga-, + o wee gzie d n'otu nke ya nsh na-eche na ka nwere ihe

pr iche ndp uche abgh dd ihe. na-eche na okwu nke abal echiche. Ma a
ndp uche nke ihe na-adgh ad; d n'otu nke mm ya d ju ebe niile, na nwoke
ah n'onwe ya nwere onwe ya, nan otu akk n'z scheidbare nke Chineke, bgh
d ka otu n'ime ha, kama b naan na otu iche na nke nd z, otu ebutere
nkeji. N'ihi na d n'otu nke mm ya d n'ezie - ele anya ma naan n'ime onwe g bgh iji tnyere n gg kas elu, nke nwere dnaya nke pyramid n'akk onwe
ya, ma onodu nke pyramid, nke nwere ya n'onwe ya, nakwa d ka onye ha fractions
adgh ewute ma nke nwere n'onwe ya. A pyramid ma nwere ike kere na subdividedenwegh ekewa elu, na-agbasa ihe nta nke nd mman d hr fractions-enwegh
mman gbala oge izu. Ya mere, kewara na classifies site n'wa.
Gn gba alkwaghm nke nsh n'etiti agbata obi nkebi, b naan ihe d iche na
nsh nke a elu. Ya mere, any na-ah ya d ka a iwu nke any mm l ah ma na
ike dgh z n'of any Ch. The uche na sekit na sekit any anya ya na nt nagbara alkwaghm, nyere na dgh nke ezi sensations mbak onye na ibe-, n'mma
nke dum nwoke ma eme, ma distinctively, ma na onwe ya; na onye intuiting ihe na-na
anya nke mmad ma gbara alkwaghm, ma dum nghta gburugburu nke nd mmad
na-emekwa fd, ma distinctively, ma na onwe ya.
Olee ot ugbu a gbatr a gradation na m mmad, sitere na gabiga ya, n'ihi ya,
ha na-enwe kere eke bla Orb ya Orb onwe ya d ka n'kwa d elu kara na
kpakpando ma o kere eke ma n'etiti onwe ha ma na onwe ha site na-enwe -aba ha
n'uche ha d ka oge na ya na nd z n'ozuzu nsh, nke ahu bu enwegh ike gwcha
agwcha, ma na-agba akaebe.Kpakpando nke bla nwere akk nke n'ozuzu
Chineke nsh unit, otu n'ime nd na-enye h nke nd z gbara alkwaghm, naan
iche na Chineke akk. N'ihi na, kama na-eche na ihe aghara aghara eru nke ma b
coalescence nke dnaya nke nsh nke kpakpando nke Chineke nsh, kpakpando
niile anaahanya, na nke nwere ike mgbe a ga-dabere, a z rigorous onye nkewa d
ka nwoke ah n'onwe ya iche n'wa b; ma zubere ka any infer nd Unsichtliche. Ot
d, kpakpando nile ga-eso eintrchtigem gbanwe N'ezie nke a n'ozuzu ike nke n'of
nile creaturely aka ike iji na dum ezinl heaven kkphi a ma j mgbanwe, naenyocha mbara igwe. -akp ya nnyonye anya, na-enye ohere ka onye bla na-ejide
ya na nke z ogo n onwe ha, onye na-ah onye bla n'onwe ya na ihe-adgh
agw agw richness n'ime h na nke nd z pr iche, nd, onye bla s na
eignem kwa af na kwa agbanweta ihe nd z n'z nke mmepe. b ot d iche iche
onye bla, site na nd z, bna site n nd gbara ya gburugburu mmewere, dika
kpakpando bla z na site na mmewere gburugburu ya; na onye bla gw
kpakpando n'ihi na ihe niile yiri glued n, bgh d ka kpakpando z; ha na-ekwu
okwu site h na ike ndda n.
N'ezie, mgbe any onwe any na-toro na agbataobi any kere eke n, ala, mmiri,
ikuku; abahade, wa na nd z n n'eluigwe si na purer, finer, ghtakwuo mmewere
nke ether, floats, a nnukwu anya wuru yiri na h mmewere na-eku ume otu otu mgbe
niile. Kwesr na e nwegh onye kere eke on a mmewere? Maka n'abal echiche na
dgh. Elegh anya n'akk ifo nke nd mm ozi n'eluigwe, ma na-eme nd na maka
bna akk ifo.

Megide elu-igwe-egosi na h nke bch echiche z bi n'eluigwe si; -akp ha chi

ma b mm ozi; ha anwo na ozugbo ya, nakwa ot aha ya b. The anya n'etiti
any na Chineke a d ukwuu; ha b onye n'etiti ogbo n'etiti any na Chineke; on a
n'kw ma ebe-nrigo kama onye na-ach.
Ma mgbe ha n na-elu na onye bla z nakwa d ka kere eke ha ala na mpga
nd nke agbata obi e kere eke, nwere ike na-e, d ka m mmad, m anman,
osisi, embrayo, m, nd okenye, gbara nd mmad, nke d iche iche mpga n'usoro
elu ala ebe nd d n'akk onye bla z, enye kwesr ekwes n'kw na mmepe
nkebi n'ebe nd d n'eluigwe d n'akk.
M Kwesr gwa anya n'ime elu n'gb nke mm-ayi si obere akwukwo nri mkpr
obi na-esote any?
A blooming hyacinth n'ihu m n'elu tebl. D ka la Raceme si akwukwo ibu b
uplifting ka petite onye bla ifuru nke kpebisiri na na-ruo eruo n'ime mma, ihe a d
cha na agba kpara si h, ot garanya o nwere kemgbe nyaah nekpughe. naele m - na-ekwu, ifuru - d ka m na a mara mma girl; M nwa agbgh mara mma na
z m. Na-agwa ya nd a. - M na kwuru ya n'ihu ha, ma ha achgh ikwere.
Mgbe nwere okwukwe azlitewo ka mm ns nke ibe any-nd ikom na m
anman na ha nwere akwara; mgbe a shred ihe m e nyere na nd d ot ah d iche
iche kara nn nan maka m mmad na m anman na-aga aga na-mkpa; b a
stale nkwenkwe gha na ha mkpa iji nweta a na niile. na-achgh ya nke ma n'ihi
na ozugbo na wa, kpakpando, na osisi nakweere nwere irighiri akwara nke m
mmad na anman, na-ha ka animated mgbe d mkpa mere maka-aga aga kwuo
okwu. na-achgh ka nn b m mmad na m anman, na mkpa n'ihi na nd
z na mkpr obi na-z gbelu na okwu n'ihe nd mettara okwu a. Yiri g ma a
nagh eme na aga kwuru ezu ot i nwere ike n'ihu zlite d ka na awa site Day n'ihe
banyere mkpr obi ajj, d otu buru ibu ma na ab obere Akara kw 1) .
l)

Zendavesta, Nanna, na banyere mkpr obi Ajj

4. The wa karsa.
N'ihi na aga any nwere wa. D ka a any ab site ihe onwunwe na ihe ime mm
n'akk nne na nna, ugbu a na-na elu uche kara onwe any uniformly af opi dd d
ka a n einknpft onwe any na agbataobi any kere eke na-ekere k Chineke
gbalaga
Chegod echiche, iji ghta ot ah, bgh naan ka mkpa jikr n na nke naeje ije na onye agbata obi g e kere eke, na na mgbrgw, osisi, herewith a akr
ala; na-eche ot nd mmad abgh naan ka ha kpkp ya. Ime-ime Glutmeer, nd
siri ike kpuchie banyere ok osimiri, ikuku circuit, dum mmad, anman na ihe
kk, onwe g, gwakta ha na gnyere ihe nile concentrically site a nkwonkwo ike
n'otu center, nkt oge Matala, na nzube na mmetta mmekrta tok, dechap ibe,
nan otu iche-iche n'uwa nile, na n'aru ndi ntaramahh n'isi g. Otu Earth na-emekwa

ka any na nd ya niile e kere eke site n'otu ike na-kektaworo, nakwa na ihe niile a
mr nke onwe ya, ihe nile maliteghara na az, na-az ma Uwe nile, mediates na
okporo z n'etiti nile, na-emekwa ihe niile a mgbanwe a, site mgbanwe onwe ya
ngidere ngide na-enwe na evolving at nd yiri nkata.
Ukwu madu na-aptakwa n'ala, na mboanuohia nke nnn na-emeghar ka alaka, d
ka ukwu madu na mboanuohia nke nnn onye eignem ah, naan na uru na-eleghara
na-akpali ha elu na mgbanwe na fd nke otu na-enwe ike iji imeghari ; ma nke
wa, dum nwoke na nnn nwere ike ka na-akpali gburugburu bna na-erugh
ikewap, d ka bla so na t nd nwoke ma b nnn. Nke ukwuu ofu na-eme,
nke ptara atp ya yiri na akp gwgw mmekrta n. Na ot wa na-egosi na
niile izugbe nd n'otu oge ah edo r ya niile akk, na ruru nke ibu-iji banyere
ha, onwe m, any so. D ka na o doro anya na ma ka na nkt mmekrta, ha gaeme ya unsichtlich n'ihe mettara ofufe.
Site n mmalite, nwere ike d nn akk ihe nile nke wa na-ah nd mmad,
n'ihi ya, ehihie na abal na m na ihi ra, nrughar mmiri site district n'oge bara, nke
na-enwekar ok osimiri na usu kwaa nke obi, na akwkw nd akwkw nd ahha
d n'ala na -ah mmetta m mmad na an, wdg tnyere; d nn ezu myirta
enwegh ebe n'elu otu gba, na-ach n'tt ebe kara na topped site dissimilarity nke
ukwuu elu, obosara, superordination wa n'elu nwoke. Na e nwere ike b na onye
onwe ya a akk nke nd nile m mmad na-ekwe Omume; olee ot wa otu onye
nke akk niile ah. N'otu echiche, b ezie na o nwere fr nke nta niile nd bi na
ya site inbegreift otu bna akk z, ugbu a mkpa ghara nwere z ihe ha nwere
nakwa ot ha mere ya site n'ime ya na ha, d ka na ha nwere ya nwere; Ma n'ebe nile
nwere ihe edo, Einig njedebe a n'k nke elu chr ozugbo Yana Timm akws ya,
ma mgbe esmde ntnyere n'ihu kara teleology ezu n'echiche a. N'ihi ya, wa adgh
ekpeghachi nrughar bara na a ukwuu bara baptism, na-eku ume nke e kere eke na
ibu akpa ume; ma ihe niile circulations nke kere eke b nan alaka nke nnukwu
nrughar mmiri ya site recoup niile nke na na ejikr si ot; na-a akpa ume nke nta
egosipta na-enwe z, na-kpamkpam kpuchiri site na ikuku nke Olee nile n'akpa
ume nke nd e kere eke, na site na nke m anman na osisi oxygen na carbon
dioxide mgbanwe bla z; na kama nke nwere br na anya apaji z na a
cranium na irighiri akwara na-ebu ya na ogologo na-ejeghar sensory stimuli na
dissipate ije stimuli si n'ebe, o nwere ihe dum o organic wa na ya iga z gas,
omenala mgbanwe na omenala ngwaaha eketbede na mmas externally ka a niile
cohesive free siri ike Capsule h nke eluigwe na vibrations nke elu-igwe b, site na
nke niile irighiri akwara na br ha kere ozugbo ise ha aro na ot kpsa ha nwekr
aro. Gn mere mgbe ah a pr iche br pr iche irighiri akwara maka iche
echiche ihe aga-eme. Si ot ah a efu repetitions, wa na-amagh, na b na-abagh
uru, nd na na-ah n'ime ya nzuzu na-ach nd d ot ah iji nye ya ihe organic nd d
ka a gbelu nke a ime mm. Ma, otu afiak okpu ndit nd na-angide na-emeghe
ma b na-ezo aka ikpebi na n'ihi na mmad nwr, at fue Mm, ma br na nap ya br, wa d nwr anw site n mmalite, mindlessly, n'ihi na o nwegh
br site n mmalite.
Na ot akk nke ha ntaramahh nw, na ha abgh oge ufodu n'eluigwe agba

agba gburugburu d ka nwoke na-agba s. Ma z, ya mere na ha kwesr ime ya

z n'z, ihe nd na-eme ama zuru ezu na ya. Na ihe ga-agba s? Mgbe nri,
uwe? Kama, kacha mma ezuk ha elu nzube na na-aga a ofu na-ach. D ka
nwoke na-eduga n otu n'ime na z n'ihu nd; n'ime akk ma mpga okporo z
nke nd onwe ha; na mgbe d na nke a b fd na-ama ihe karr ezuru, d mma na
ha na-adgh bna atughar nn nime ya adahade, ma ha nna underway nkt
direction, akara, t na ohere na oge maka ha nd nwetara, na ihe mma otu, nke
bla fd welitere doro anya na iji nke eluigwe ihe n'otu oge na-enye echiche a
unsichtlichen.
ma nke a adgh ak wa ma na-agbanwe na mpga nd na-eduga na ya naemek ihe nd z d na mbara igwe. Na d ka ime-ime nd nke mmad bla naenwe mmetta ya mpga aha na a na onwe ya na-achkwa site n'ozuzu echiche, b
na wa, nwoke ah n'onwe ya ma nke n'ozuzu akk nke adkwagh. Olee ihe
kemmeeme manifold kpakpando h dabere na ehihie na abal, okpomk na oyi nana mgbe ikpo elu wa; Anyanw na nwa, na site na ebili n'elu onye bla z
horizons n'otu oge nke z lar; anyanw na-ar n'gw ojii na ifufe nke wa, naagba site n'onwe ya ugbu a n'ebe a, ugbu a, e kpuchiri anya, na-ah n mmiri nke
wa, na-akwalite ya ebe a na ikuku, ka ha laghachi dobe, na-eme ka osisi na-eto eto ,
akwkw nd akwkw nd, okooko, nri ha na-esi s na uto, n'oge bla, na n'ebe
bla z. Tags do-ya nile okooko osisi, Ot d, niile anya nke elu e kere eke naatghar si na ya, ka ghara s site ya n'ma mma ya, na ya nso n'abal kws izu ike
maka onwe ha. The imerime nd ok osimiri okirikiri, Itie nke nwa na-eson na-ala,
na ego nwere obere dabere ukem ini ma b atuaha gb okporo gw anyanw, na
ot wa mee ka mbara ala nd z ma b p na ya, nwere ike bgh nan
mgbanwe ihie ma gb okporo gw ah ihe karr eche nan externally.
Ka dgod, dgh da, dgh s, dgh aka nke wa ka kpakpando z ma
b nke z iji Earth; dgh j chta z na ije-ya, dgh e kere eke nke ya nwere
ike a kere eke nke z d n'eluigwe na-ah ma b ekwurta okwu na ya, na ihe nile
nke na-emetta anyanw na ya, wa n'k z na na collapses, d ka na mbara ala nd
z; na ot ihe nd kas ewu ewu iga wa, bna na nd z d n'eluigwe ma akk
nke ha n'otu n'otu nkewa nke ikike.
Na Earth na-eme ka ihe niile 'nke nwekwara uche n'onwe ya, dgh onye kwesr
ka a gosiptara, n'ihi na onye bla na nsh nke ihe na-eburu onwe ya n'onwe ya,
nwere ike j ozugbo akk ya, na ihe karr nke na pgh jr ha ina, ka ghara
ach dum nsh wa. Ma na-ama na-eche ee z site na-ekwere na nsh nke nd
ikom nd z, na-enwegh na ya onwe ya na-enwegh nke na-enye ya ihe na-egosi
ha. Ikwere na a maara gbalaga nke a nile, Ot d, o nwere ihe mgbakwas nke gara
aga n gg na-echetara any ihe banyere wa nd nke wa n'ala-eze nke
mkpr obi nkebi d ka a eluigwe e kere eke. The gbalaga ranges nke mm mgbe
nile site wa dum, wa intersects nn nan site izugbe nsh zuru ha akpan akpan
gburugburu nd z d n'eluigwe megide ot nwoke na ya az nd ikom nd z
n'elu. bgh ka ha nwee ike laghachi riddled guzosie ike n'wa, ma nke mere na ha
ya jupta onwe ya na-eme site na-ejuputa ha pr iche circuit na a akpan akpan
dnaya. Nke a abgh nan mejuptara nchikota nke onye mkpr obi na-

emechikwa n'onwe ya, ma-agnye ma n z m d n'etiti ihe niile a, nke na-ekere

k onye, n'z zuru ezu, br nn nan na daa niile gafee ma si ot uniformly ejik
elu. -Ah na ha, na i nwere naan d nn ka zubere sghar n'ime Unsichtliche.
br na na-aj, ot ike a, ihe niile d mmad, ee Terrestrial n'otu nsh nke
ajj a, br na any ma na-ah okpukpe, ndi di iche iche, we turu ime n n'wa na
ike esemokwu.Ma ole na-agnar onwe ya na onye, d n'etiti ihe udo na-ach naejikar hr na-enwegh ya. Kama d n'otu nke ya nsh-egbochi ime-ime
esemokwu, na-eme ka naan na na-eche ya na-ach ibi. N'ezie, ma na nke ibu na
elu-ebili nsh okirikiri n'wa nile ndi ejikere ibu d ike na nwere oke udo b iru siri
ike kara nke nta nke onye - na a iko ike n'ezie s d ka ok osimiri -; Ot d, e
nwekwara a ibu, nd z d ike, nd z jiri nway nway na-zaa eduga naach. Olee ot ok ma ama ganihu nke ah site na oge, ebe dgh ala, dgh
omume, dgh iwu, dgh okpukpe, dgh n'ebe ok osimiri eru ahia na
knvatbl sonyeere nd mmad. Ma bgh naan site na wa, site kpakpando nile
na n'etiti nile kpakpando kwadoro otu Chineke chch iduzi-aga n'ihu mmepe naam mkpr z.
All 'nke d ugbu a n'ezie n'oge grouped d iche iche na usoro nke abal
echiche. Mgbe ah, nd mmad, anman, osisi, kama nke uwa, ihe n'elu ah ma
n'wa; a nnukwu nwr anw nne amwo nd m, iche site n'onwe ya ma oro
ebede ka onye nwr anw d ka e mb. D nn ka-enyocha mbara igwe achgh,
mgbe contemplates wa nd z d n'eluigwe n'elu ka iwepu si uka nke Earth, na
uka nke e kere eke; z ime ya, na n'otu oge ah na-adta ot mm nke e kere eke
nke wa si; ot na-bna na-eche echiche nke a mm nke wa mgbe ah, n'ezie,
mgbe nwere d ot ah deducted ab ya. N'abal k ihe mma kwadoro ka a na-ele
kpamkpam na ya k nk na iche nke organic na inorganic, d ka d nd na nd nwr
anw Alaeze Ukwu Earth, na Darwinist emekpa taa na a d My Chemical Romance,
kpr ha p n'ebe inorganic slag organic gold.
Ma n'ezie, diche d n'etiti nd organic na inorganic eze nke wa ka ya ukwuu
n'etiti kpukpu a aka, an ah na irighiri akwara na aka nke z any ahu; naan na
b ya onwe ya na iguzosi a elu organism nke ah n'onwe ya ga-egbochi ukwuu
diche kara ya n'akk, d ka any onwe any organism ka a dum n'ozuzu ya naegosi na-abgh. Na ochie emegide nd organic n'gb ma inorganic bna njik nke
organic ka organic na elu uche dum. Dwara ya dum, na ihe niile d nd na ole bgh
nan iche, ma-etisas n'ime onwe ya. Na naan ihe nwere ike inye p na inorganic ihe
bla z organic, n'ihi na o nwere onye bla mgbe nile dabere gbazinyere nke
z, ma na ha pta d ka mmepe oge nke elu organic dum site ya mgbanwe 2) .
2)

kwuru ebe a gbasara ah ya n'Akwkw Ns "fd echiche, wdg".

Any nwere dd ala, geology, paleontology, Meteorology, botani, anman,

mmalite, ethnology, akk ihe mere eme nke mba na whatnot ma. N'ihi na pr iche
ozizi nke waNn mma; ma b ihe niile d nn ihe nke na-akziri any mara otu
piecemeal ma b nke a ma b na akuku. Ebee ka ozizi nke nyere any h nke
wa d ka a n'otu, any onwe any ahu na nkpuru obi na einbegreifenden, dum. Maka
n'abal echiche na-adgh bna n'k nke nd d ot ah a ozizi; na ebe b na m

onwe m echegbu m ot ah, m na a r na ihe nd a.

A nnn s onu ka nj kara na-ele wa si n'elu. Ma a nnn na-ach b free, gana-edi ihe, na-outlawed; ha anagh eche banyere ya ma b Ome ya. Na onu
n'okpuru ngga ala gngidewori mma ma gaara agba s bla z na ize nd kara
ka a bersungen ma b tie mkpu ala site na anu-ufe agbata obi ngga, d ka ha naeme onye bla z; b mgbe ah ma ha
5. The nd.
Ikwere na nd a na-any iwu ka any site n'Okwu ah, chch nke mmad, otu
bch fortzuleben, gnkwa ka a pr ebe a ga-enwe n'ebe ah, na-aba ya s
enyemaka. N'ezie akwa ma na-nkwenkwe a na ngh, ma nwere ike inwe, ya
mere ogologo oge abal echiche guzo nche ke diche. N'ihi na d ka nsh mgbanaka
etbede ya ma l, etbede ndammana site na ha site bla; otu na-adabere n nne
ag ya na nd z. Na kwesr-ka na-enwe a nd n'dnihu, n'ihi ya, ga-bibie maka
otu ihe nke wa a, na a mythical na omimi d, nke ah b n'akk nke z nke abal
ele pta. Ama n'wa a na b a Sheol, ebe naan egbuke egbuke ntp na-agba s
d ka e gosiri nwa n gg, na elu-igwe onwe-ya, nke any na-ele anya ruo, ekubi
ume a Sheol na. Ot a ka abal anya nke paradise na hell n'elu ihe nile n'eluigwe na
n'okpuru bla omimi. Ga a ma nwee nd dnihu nso ot na-ach ya na anyanw
ma b na-ahap uche kpafuo site na kpakpando. nye pr iguzogide ya. Ma
bgh na ha kweere mgbe abal echiche na a nd, na-agbanwe agbanwe abal k ihe
mma bgh ya, ma na-adr h ihe onwunwe n'anya na mbibi nke nd na
mkpr obi na ah ma b kwuwe ihe absorption site izugbe spirit n'ihu, ma b
onye bla nwere ike ikweta ihe chr, ma na-eme ya nke ma, jupta chakoo nke
na-eme ka okwukwe ndokwa.
N'ihi na bch na-ele ma nd mgbe a nwsr b nan ndt na-abawanye nke a
n'akk ama ada na Chineke, nd; The kw mmiri na nd b na njik d n'etiti
mmad na Chineke d ad, na ikwere na ihe otherworldly d ad d ike na okwukwe
na Chineke n'otu. The etiti ogbo n'etiti any na Chineke ma na-eme any nke a abgh
na Chineke, ma na-agbakwnye, any naan na otu.
Ot otu mgbe ah, dum maara nd mmad nwere ike n'otu, otu na-eme ihe, n'ozuzu
adgh nd-apta na-ap n'anya na-enwegh na-ahap a N'ihi ya nke ya d nd d ot
ah a af.Mere, bgh n'ime adgh nd nke mmad onwe ya; oleezi ot ga
ndibiat ebe a; b ihe karr b ya mere; Naan nwere ga-ab a z n'ozuzu adgh
nd z nwekwara wohinein na wa nke mmad nwere ike ihe ya na-usoro na ndt.
The ihe na-adgh taya na-echetara mkpr obi uche na-eyi egwu mere na b nd
d mkpa ka nd ad na r na ha na corporeality; Olee ot ha kwesr ngide,
br na nke a nd ya ad ga-adgh ah anya. Kama gagh esi ike gwr iji gosi na
ihe, na mkpr obi ma b mm ma - n'ihi na d ka any na bee ndu a dum ihe iji
zpta dgh ihe z nd kas ok n mpempe ya - b nnoo onwe ha n'ah. N'efu,
ihe enyemaka nd mere eme na-egosi megide materialists. Kama iji gosi ya na ya
ngw agha nd j, d mkpa iji tie ya na ihe-agha; Andre-apa ya, na ngh, ma
nke a b ya.

Olee ot na-ekwesgh ngide na mkpr obi, ma br na nd nke d ad ha,

d ka d mkpa d ka b n'ihi na ebe a ugbu a, na otu mkpa puptawa b nd nd
ga-eme n'dnihu ngwaaha nke onwe ya. Ka itinye, na nd nke e jikr mkpr obi
n'otu akk na ngwaaha nke bla ihe Filiks, nd d ok mkpa, inviolable, mma
ma; ma ike maka ihe onwunwe Filiks, ihe bla ha nwere ike b, mgbe agafe ka
ntughari ka na-elu-eme, ma b na uche-am ime ihe d iche nke a? Kama nke ah,
ebe nd na-esi ike chta bna mgbe any nwr, na br na maara ot iji chta
ha, otua ka nd ebe ah; any b nd ha ma naan n'ihi na e nwere na ya pta nsh
akwado armr, pr tkwas obi n'otu ebu ikike, na-enwegh onye mma kara ebe
maara nke-z, nke na-enye ha a ji ebu ikike; n'ihi na any maara na n'ezie na a
n'akk causal ka obere ka any pr mata ya site na ya na aka iso n'ime z n'wa. Akpata kntakt niile site ha dd-agbanweghi agbanwe na ya pta angide, ot anya
dgh nke ha na-eme ihe a na Andrs Andrs ma b na-az n'ime ya pta; ma
insofar ka b ikpe, ha dd na-adgh si ot ebibi, ma hr ngalaba-ekpebisi ike,
ma kpebisie ike na nd z hr na 3) . Ya mere, nke a ga-emettakwa si any pta
nsh-am armr. Ma iji rue n'ime nd na-elu-eme, nd causative ga-aga, nke
nwr.
3)

A z zuru ezu nkwa nke a n'ebe a-eji nkenke oge na elu n mara na ihe
n'z an ah, nke na-alaghachikwuru n'elu kwuru,-ah na njedebe nke 12th
ngalaba.

Ma br na niile causal n'ibu nke rr any a-wa nsh, abanyewo-ebibi nd

niile nke wa physicality ebe mesr chta dum na-elu-eme nke a nd, d ka otu n'ime
unsrem nw agagh na-emetta, z, d elu na nd z ihe n'ozuzu mmata -akwado
dum - na bch echiche, bgh n'abal echiche sprichts - nke any na-ama n'akuku
nwe ahu na nkpuru obi br nke ya na any otherworldly aka iso naan na hr d
d ad, na-eme na a hr z maka inwekwu mkpebi siri ike nke nd ya. Any
amagh ihe any pta wa nd karsa n'of ya soro na n'ihi na ha onwe ha kwa radiate
n'ime oghere; ha na-d ka na-unpacked tere Ot d, nd na-ebu a-wa nsh, nakwa anya a juru n'n, iji chpta a nta na-adgh anya na track; na insbesondre
nwepuga any mfe onodu nke any pta wa nd. -Agagh ekwe omume d ka b
ma na-agbaji temporal njik n'etiti kpatara ihe na mmetta nke mere-agagh ekwe
omume n'etiti usoro na ohere imebi gbasara ohere onwe-mettara Filiks, d ka nd na
Filiks any ahu. Ya mere, a ga-gbasaa n mgbasawanye nke nd any gburugburu
naan any nsh gburugburu; na-kenmde n na ya angide na niile mgbasa ma na
elu ala na n'ikpeaz wa dum.
-Ah ya site n mmalite site n'ihe nd kas n'ozuzu n'k nke echebara ihe
onwunwe n'akk na nchebara echiche maka ime mm n'akk aka na aka na-eduga
n'otu nzube ah. The spirit nke mmad gbatr ya pta na izugbe spirit, na aru nke
madu na izugbe wa nke an ah ihe na-eburu nke a spirit, n'ime; na d ka ime mm
na nke an ah na-akpata mettara n'of bla z, ot ah otherworldly ime mm
na n'z an ah. ma nke a na-adgh emetta eji dochie mm nke okwu ah, ma

ngide n'z ah n'obi na-aga n'akk a na na-nd mgbe a nwsr,

The eriri ah na-akws na olu-efego na ikuku, na nke ah b mfe usoro, na
mmekrta d n'etiti wa a na nd. The eke nwoke ah e weere na na-ama ot na
meghere uz z bna window na mkpr obi pr entschwebende
mgbakwunye. Ma br na ikuku nwere ike dara d ka nke ma d ka eziokwu
aacha p eriri, ya mere dgh nd mgbe a nwsr maka da; na okwu nke fdr
eriri b ihe bla. Ma b elapses banyere da site na-efego na ikuku, na ya
universality? Kama nke ah, b nan na-agbasa, na intertwines na aka iso mmezi
nke ya zuru peculiarity nd z na-aj u ka elu ogige. Ya mere, a gbatr agbat nd
mgbe a nwsr na ngalaba n'etiti nd mmad.
N'ezie,-apgh iri bla d mkpa ime ka a oyiyi na si d mfe. Na karsa na b
eziokwu na bgh, na nwoke adgh a d mfe-sounding eriri, ma a dum nso strung,
mezuru ihe oscillating na pulsating nd ngw b ihe nd ya game-ele, ma wa ka nd
mmad ghara efu ikuku, ma a -ama elu na obosara meptara usoro b ihe na-amkr
ihe undulations nke egwuregwu a n'onwe ya ma si ot angide na gbasa ma kpebisie.
ma eziokwu, bgh eziokwu, n'ihi ya mgbe niile b naan ihe n'akk ihe b
na-aba izute, na ga-ewe abgh nan ihe oyiyi ma l, na nsh na ike nsonye ka
kpmkwem, trackable ama n'wa a na nd on aga ka nd mgbe a nwsr nyefee iwu
gbanwe. Ma ihe ike na-akziri any na otu kwadoro image na nke a, echiche nke iwu
eziokwu ga kziere onwe any ihe.
Na ot dum ozizi nke Day nke nd a na-adabere na nd na-eson isi:
b n'ebe a ga-eme n'dnihu adgh nd, n'ihi ya, nwere ike ch ka a n'ihu nke
ugbu naan n'ime dabere na ya pta. - The ugbu a adgh nd gbatr n'ime ya pta na
izugbe mm nke a overlapped wa; thereinto onye nwere ka ach ha s. - Ma e
nwere iwu nke mm mgbanwe ama n'wa a, b nke na-ntughari si n'uwa nka
nd achkwa.
Nd na-eson b nn ihe kpatara, n'nu na mmepe-ya nile.
Ugbu a b mb na nke a na-ah, si nd mmad na ma eduzi na warara k nke
nemegide aru nd obp a dgas gburugburu nke mmetta na-na na-ad nd na ya,
mgbe aga site mgbe niile na-emepta hr mmetta, a gburugburu na mgbe etisas,
d ka ife gburugburu gburugburu napu eriri ma b dara n'ime d mmiri tlee ma
b nkume dgh mgbe etbede, na, j site z okirikiri intersecting na interweaving,
na-ekwusi ike na mmekrta ah si malite. Any nwere ike Chpta nke a b ezie na
nke a n'akk naan onye ntziaka, na ihe na-apgh any, yiri furu efu, ma naadgh efu any, ma kagbuo d ka a n'ihu nke any eke, n'ihi na nd mgbe a nwsr. yi
Onye bla n'ime akwadogh akwado nke mmad, n'ikpeaz atughar mgbasa, si ot
aga n'ihi na n'ime ime, ha mmetta na-adte on a z okirikiri na; nd kas mma
akwara vibration-apgh gbanah a akara aka; ma na-anw nwoke, nke mere ka nd
siworo meghachi omume nile elu ya ya dum n'ime n a sara mbara gburugburu na
ugbu a na-a wa na ya nd mgbe a nwsr. Ebe az na-adgide adgide okwu bla
nghta ihe karr ha b nyere Nkume ili; ma kpughere ihe bla nke n'z
entschwebten nd mmad.

now dara a dgas gburugburu nke mgbe-mmetta nke a maara nd mmad ihe
amagh ihe bla wa na-eri an ka nd mmad na-esi ot ah n'onwe ya na-agh
onye amagh ihe bla oge ah d ka b n'ihi ihe abal echiche, a ga-enwe maka
nd mmad enwegh nd. Ma ebe b na adgh ama nd mmad ji na-aga n'ihu na
na a elu na nd z adgh ama n'wa, n'ihi ya e nwere nd, nke o, kama agbazewela
p ka ikposa, d ka osisi eketbede si nw anw nkpuru chaplet na okt n'ihu na elu
mmepe nd Matala , na bna eme ka n'ihu zlite image wa. ga-atfu ma d
nn na wa nsh, ot ike nan maka chta ebe d anya, mgbe o kere nd akwkw
na-esi nke ya wa nd tupu, d ka nwatakr nke n nd tupu a m ya na-ama na
nd ya nke ab nd eme; kama b naan nwere ida mb nd iji merie nke ab.
ma-ekwe ka j site n mmalite: ya mere wa nsh adkwa nan maka chta ebe
d anya, ma br na nd nke otherworldly nd na-ama na e nwere, dum nd d
n'akk a na-aga n'ihu gehends nime ya siworo meghachi omume. - Ma bna nd
mr hr, nwa, tupu mm nwa enwegh nsh, i nwere ike j ihe mere nsh
naan mgbe a mr ya mberede na mberede rapu ya na ya mgbe na-ama ma kere
nd bna tupu a m. bgh d iche iche ma oge izu na mb eme na sub-nd
nke nd n'dnihu na mberede na ihe nile n'otu mgbe ah nsh ke mm nke nd
hr si, na kama n mpta nd stimuli, nwa ah ka na-mb maara nd, b zuru
cover nke a maara nd n'onwe ya, nke na-anchi anya n mpta nd mkpali n'ebe a.
Na steeti nsh, gnyere isi emega ah mgbanwe dtbegh n'of na-ehi ra na aza
cycles n'etiti argo n'elu a fr na-ada n'okpuru a fr; ma brkwa onwe ya b
n'okpuru nd nke na-eson Na ra, na miri na-ehi ra, n'ihi ya doro anya di
edemede; na ot a kwa ka aj ra nke wa nd nso nd a na-egbuke egbuke
edemede nke otherworldly z n nke nd ga-ad; n'ihi otu ihe site n'oge, na-emetta
nd gbasara ohere mgbanwe nke nsh. Iji nchikota a d mkpa mmekrta now a
obere nso ka anya.
bna d n'akk a nke mmad na-eduga ya nsh ke oghere gburugburu na-egosi
na b mgbe niile n'z nkt iji wnye, n'ime onwe ya, nke mere na-ekwu okwu,
ga-agbanwe nd. Etinye obi g dum na a ejije, nd mmad hr naan na dgh
an ihe na-eme gburugburu ya, mgbe fd, na-an ma dgh ah ihe na-eme
gburugburu ya, na mgbe ah z mgbe d nn eche echiche na-ah ma na-an naamagh ihe na-eme gburugburu ya. Ya b, ihe d iche iche akk nke ya an na elu
nd ime mm na-emezugh dechap na maara r; nsh kicks na nkek mmega
ah ya kr af n'ala n'elu yiri ebili n'etiti ha na n'elu, ma ike-aba ebe a na-enwegh
emikpu n'ebe ah. Ka oge ra onye nke ka di ndu n'of, na-migrates nan akk nile
o dum nd ah na wa, nwere obere e nwet n'etiti akk nke ah a az na-apta; anw mgbe e, pgh na aru dum, nke b agaghkwa n'ebe ah, ma na ha kwap,
ma na-awaghar ihe a ukara ke z ahu - n'ihi gn mere n'd mkpmkp mkpa a
okwu n'ihi na na - n'ime nke nd ya n'wa a na-na narrower chpr pta, ma naehi ruo mgbe ah ka ugbu a gaa n'ihu d ka na-akwaga nso ka nd z na ah a.
b gb mmiri n'az ya na-k; Ma waghara n'of, d ekpe ochie gb mmiri. ma
na-egosi na na okwu nke mm hiking kwa h ihe onwunwe, ot ankwasr g
kwuwe, ihe ah ka b otu; ozi kptara ya naan ezi uche n'echiche nd mere eme
n'wa a ka nd.

Nke niile mgbanwe n'wa a, ma na otu onye b karsa ruru eru ka mmiri nke
diche nke echiche na gwgw ka nd mgbe a nwsr. Na ga-ab nn ike
ikwere n'ihe any ga-ezute otu bch, nke mere iju na maara echiche nke a nsh efu
wa ya emee na any gburugburu, nke mere na any anya na ihe a na-ama okosobode
n'ime any. N'ihi na e nwere ugbua na any ebe a na karr, naan on a ala d lar, na
b d nn otu kpr, nke nd nke z n'ime any na-arpta, a n'of any na elu.
bgh n'adgh ka echiche mgbe ya Mmebi etopta z na any d ka a naechetara ihe z na elu n'gb nke mmad nsh, dum nke wa spirit nke mmad gaah ejikere l wa gabiga ihe z na elu na ebe nchekwa alaeze Chineke, d nn d
iche iche na na any dum spirit ama ebe dt na elu kara any nsinammuo na dhikr
alaeze n'ihu na elu kara nke any ji, gnyere ihe nile nd nke any na-echeta
agbasap na ba nime ya, ghu. D ka ebe nchekwa na-rr n'ime any nke zuru ebe
nile nke an ah na mmetta nke, bna n'ihi na b, nd ah ike nke nsinammuo,
gabiga onwe ya site n'ime br - izute okirikiri nke ihe nd a na cross na br
n'etinyegh n - nd mm d ad nke mmad na nd a na-akwado an ah mmetta
nke, na-emepta ya n'an d ad, bna mgbe d ihe onwunwe wa obi t Tete
sitere na Chineke naan n'ihu akp ma mbaa ihe niile. D nn ka unu ugbu a na-ah
n mpga ach n'ime ya na-aga na-echeta na a bi br nwere ike ime; ma na-aga d
ot ah nime ya; dkwa ka nd n n'wa n'z, na-ach na nke bu ya z otherworldly
mm, ma na-aga d ot ah nime ya.
Ya mere, bch echiche yiri ikwere na nd a b ihe hr, Tfakwa! Emetbegh,
kama b naan a generalization, ndt, mmba nke ihe pr hr, zkwa, ndt
na-abawanye, n'ihi na na mba na ba ubi nke chptara , Nke a b ihe karr mere
ntnyere, b ezie na b analogous; e nwere izugbe iwu nd na-achkwa ebe a na
nd na njik na-ada na-agba ebe a, ma nd ah rr ar, na nk ihe mma, nk
mmta okpukpe, n'z d mkpirikpi interrupts n'abal ele taa na nd a na iwu niile nke
nd a.
N'ezie, nd d ot ah a zerlaufenes ndu, ma, d ka any ga-eme n'dnihu n'an
kwesr, ga na-amas. Ma Chegod nn lar na-ezigh ezi n'ihu, mgbe na-eche
gbazee indeterminate; Ot d enweta nile definiteness nke a n'akk na onwe ha site
iyi na ya di. Na nkpuru nwekwara ike were osisi, bursting si ya site n'imebi ya
zerlaufe ebigh, n'ihi na pgh iso ya, ma onye bla d nd so n mkpr na-akw
gbala ya mettara izi akk na osisi emepta, na-na okenye osisi na-agbawa nwa
osisi ya ikpe, bgh gbazee n'ime indeterminate, ma ime n'af o ogologo d. Naan
ole na mpga udi, na na-egosi n'akk a yiri efu maka nd mgbe a nwsr na-aga,
ma nke mere na na-efu n'ihi na wa anya, na-adgh efu maka otherworldly; any
nwere nan n'of adgh anya nd nd. Nke a b ot ma nwere ike izute ebe nchekwa
gg nke nd enyi ya nile na obere ime Beyond a nwoke; nke ma na nnukwu
otherworldly n'gb ebe nchekwa na ebe nchekwa na n gg nke mmad niile, o
sina d, na ma a ma b n'ebe ah onu ma, gbazee translucent ihe onwunwe Nigeria
ebu n mpta udi nke onu onwe ya.
Any na-echeta na-kpara unu gh elu ime mm egwuregwu na echiche efu,
echiche, echiche, alo; echiche ya na bgh ike; ma na-egwu otu puku echeta na

bla nsinammuo, na-akp mkpakrta, begeistend n'ime. Ot a ka elu nd game

n'wa, na n'ihi na nd elu ala na-eingetan na Chineke, bgh n'ihi elu Life in
Chineke n'etiti nd mm nke wa a, ma nke nd; ma na-egwu echiche nke nd nwr
anw, ebe ha na-angide na iso ya biri, na akuku backward n'ime ya, nke mere na
nd a okirikiri na-allwegs bee okirikiri nke nd z ma gafee; -akpachi anya nkwurta
okwu n'etiti wa a na-boro ebubo na eke na z nke b na mmepe nke wa a onwe
ya; ee, any ga-enwe taa br na bgh biri nd na ghosts nke gara aga tt nar
af na any; naan ha bi na bgh nan na any, kamakwa n'of any.
A na-eche na mm nd any hr n'anya kpaliri any na nw na-apgh banye
abanye n'ebe d anya; otu obi ab ma elegh anya bna ma br na ga-ah ya
z n nd. Kama nke ah, ka na nke a-nke wa nd gburugburu e jiktara ya na
nd nke any, ot ah ka na-eme ya otherworldly meren ma n'ime any nwere
n'wa. Any amagh nke a n'akk, na-eme ot ah site, any na-at anya kara nke
any, nke bkwa ya. The n'akk nke any amagh ihe bla mmekah na ha ma naa maara, br na any now tinyere onwe ha ha na nd a; siburu ihe ji nke nwr
anw so, di, nwunye, n'anya, n'anya nd posthumous akk ma b d ka a nlekta
spirit na.
The ama ebe a na mm onye na-eche ka na-atughar iche, b nd e nwere na-n'ime
otu eche n'akk, e mesa, ha b n'ezie nd otu. Ma nsogbu nke uche ga-obi z n'ime
na ike, ma si ot ike mbanye maka zlite na Chineke d n mma; na a obi ta mmiri
ga-adabere na nd z n'ime iga nke mm, d ka na-echegbu onwe na-enwe ganihu
n'ihu tt. Gn otu n'ime echiche ya ebe a ga-ezobe niile, niile ga-ab uzo na
otherworldly n'gb ebe nchekwa, na na na amas akasi onye bla na-eme ka ihe
niile emere ka ihe niile, na ihe nile nke ya echiche ala n'ebe a chr ihe zoo niile. Ma
ga-abr niile a purgatory site na nke ha rue, na onye nwere bgh nan na
omume ya kamakwa echiche ya ebe a ot d cha na gaghi-esi oke k n'oge
dereinstigen agafe.
Ma tt ihe nd z n'ozuzu na nd z d ok nj nkwa na egwu nke registers na
echiche any na nd. The ma na ihe j, ihe a tr anya n'aka ndi Israel n'of na
wa, na ihe d ya, na b ugbua n'of b, na nti na mmetta j, nke na nwere
na ihu ya site n'omum, naan n'ime nd n'z zuru ezu izute, na ihe na-adgh ebe a
kpaliri ya nsh, kpali e otu;ugbu nwoke ah n'onwe ya na ike ya eme n'dnihu
heaven ma b ya hell. The mgbu na eyi mmad, ihe mgbu abgh ama ke n'ebe a
batara ya n'obi; ga-agagh af f na otherworldly n'gb ebe nchekwa; ot ah, ebe
dgh igbup a ra N'd na-enyere nd z ihe, nyere akpatre bna igbup na-ara
ra dum madu; ihe mgbu ma na akplitela nd z, na-af f ama n'of na ebe
nchekwa, na-akp nd ak na uche, na ilu mgbu otherworldly n'gb ebe nchekwa,
bna ebe ak na uche b nke a n'akk na-adgh ekwu; n'ihi na nd mgbe a nwsr
nwere na-eteta ya n'lnga. Den ghgburu, ihe j e mere; ihe na-aba na ma;
ga-echegbu g mma ma br na na mgbasa nke dnihu g d ad nke ihe j naesi nke d n'akk nke a nke na-eche na ha b n'of onwe g mgbe na-aga az dara
da, ee agafe kpmkwem n'ime na-ezute g.
tt ga-ab nd niile 'na-ekwu na; ma, b ezuru ugbu a 4) .

4)

zkwa, ajj nke nd mgbe a nwsr na 12th Ngalaba nke ab e

kwukwara; ma na ihe nkowa na ,, n'akwkw nke nd mgbe a nwsr "na-at
akk nke" Zend-Avesta "ji ngw aha p.

Na Akwkw Ns, onye ka okwu ha, e okwu - a usoro n'ezie bgh n'ebe - na
mkpa na n'ezie iburu okwu iji nwee okwukwe n nd na okwu nke bch echiche
ma b na ya ikwubi 5) , D ka okwukwe na otu Chineke, na Day n'uche b na
Akwkw Ns okwukwe na b nan ya kweta. Ma, otu n'ime okwu nd kwere inye
dgh ihe z ikwe ka abal echiche.
5)

Lee. na "at ebumnobi na ihe mere nke okwukwe" S. 175, 214, 217th
6. The ihe jr nj n'wa.

Dokwara maka bch echiche d ka maka n'abal echiche, na-angide nd kas

sie ike ajj: ot, ya mere, ihe, ebe dr n'otu ihe j n'wa, na ot ya ad nke a
obima na d ad n'otu oge, nile ike, nke maara ihe nile Chineke. O yiri a d cha
atuaha. The bch echiche ma dgh achta nd atuaha ibido na na-, ke akpa
ilekiri, kama, na-agbalsi n'k na chchr si malite, nd doro anya e eziokwu nke
ihe na ndt, na eziokwu nke ihe j na n'otu oge ah, na-agabiga n'etiti wa anya n
mkpr anya, na ka Ward j, kplite ya gw, na-ar r n ngzi, nakwa na naach ka elu elu ugwu ah, mmak na kre a mgbal d ka nd ma nile na
Chineke. Ma ihe j ha apgh ach ya, n'ihi na ihe j d ka nd d ot ah d nn
site n'onye ah nke na Chineke nchkta, culminating, ikpeaz counter-agbalsi mgbe
niile enwegh n gg kas elu, mmak na nchupu. Kama nke ah, ogologo ya
evolves, na ime ebe gbasaa, na elu ma na mgbe elu ebe nwa, ihe d ukwuu, ihe
na z ego na nd agha ya na-akp na mba iji megide ya, nke akpatre tojuru, bna
-eme ka isi iyi nke a hr ezi ihe; Ot d na ozugbo imezu Good na-egosi nd naabgh omume, na ya na mgbasa na ike nke na-emeri nd nke gara n'ihu na-agbasa
ma na-ewusi ike. Ma ebe b na wa a d abgh dum nke d ad, mgbe ah,
dghkwa ihe na tgharr nke ikpeaz na Chineke d n mma nke ihe j, ma b
na e nwere anya n'ihi na n'wa a, b nan direction n'ihi na nke a na-ama nd d na
eziokwu, na-ah.
Ya mere kpali ihe j gara aga, ebe na-enwe mmas, ot ah ka any ga-enweta
nkasi obi ahu nke bu na n'ime wa nke maara, n'ihi na nke e nwere nan ihe j,
bun nn ihe ekike b ihe na-aga iji bulie kama nkwalite j - na na nwere oke
ekike ike na nwere oke n'onwe ya - ma na elu na obosara na ike j ezu n'ihe nd
mettara finitude na na, na ga-kn site na otu bna elu, ihe na z d ike counter
struts. Ma nke a abgh nan echiche nke nd kas elu uche obima amamihe na ike
Chineke, ma nke a na-ach echiche nke nd d ot ah a Chineke. Nke a b otu, naan
nke a ga-a nke na-aban.
N'ezie, chso onye bla g ihe j, hichaa ya, ibido na-emetta ya dmma, na
e nwere onye na ebum pta wa nke nmehie madu, n'ihi ya, b ya ch dmma
onwe; Ya mere na-ewe nd kas nta na nwa z, nwa bebi, gbagwojuru ya na-eme

megide ikele; mgbe nwoke na-emer n'dnihu ruo ugbu t h. Ma d ebilite mgbe
nwoke, na-amas ya mbaa, na-amata na-ele doro anya na ah ike ya na mettara nd
z, na-ar na-eme n'dnihu tara nke ugbu a, na ihe-ya gg isi na ya n'echiche
asakwu mbara nke a mbara, mikwuo emie, sikwuo ike, doo anya, nd z na-eme
ihe nd e ji mezuo nzube ya n'aka-ya, na site na mgbe elu echiche chr, mma na odi
mfe rptara ezi ihe. Chineke nghta na ike ma gbatruru niile na nd na ptara
nke wa, b nn ihe na ya; ot obi d ya ezuru kas elu elu na omimi nke mmetta
nke ihe niile o kere eke; a ogu nke ch dmma onwe hnanya ha, ma apgh ot
ah, n'ihi na o mere bgh n'z onwe ya ma ya onwe ya; ya kas elu n'z ch
otuto efu ekwek n'gw nke nd kas hr ha n'anya site n'onwe ya. Ma ya kpachara
anya nwere dgh gba, n'ihi na zuru ihe mma nke nn na nd nke h mmezu
nke niile ntarama n'dnihu gha.
A n'z ka nn elu Chineke nd a mmekah elekta ihe niile o kere eke b ihe
niile n'z ka nn ukwuu, elu, n'ebe d anya b na-r ya nke a na-nyere ha, ma si
ot nke na ha nwere ha hineinzutreten na a ebutere n'z. All j na wa, na mgbasa
gafee l, na ya na sikwa ele na mgbrgw, na ya kas elu n'ebe ah u, na ya
verwachsensten entanglements, na ya mgbe hr incarnations o nwere mta; ma iji
ya mee ihe nna ya ukwu na enweghi ngwcha ohere, na-nwere enweghi ngwcha
nke oge, na na a nwere oke oge ma nwere oke approximations n'ihi na mbaa ma naamba na-eduga hr na elu degrees, d asakwu mbara nke ebe-abawanye, na nd
hr etoju emee.
B echiche na atmanya, n'efu kpara na nt? Ma any nwere ike anya az mata ot
any ga-at anya, na n'ihi na ayi anya n'ime anya na elu site na Engen na Low. Nwere
ugbua na oge nke gba aghara, a-acha ann ann mbara igwe a flowery wa, na
n'elu a ok osimiri, nke na-egosipta na anyanw na nwa, curved ime site ma mma
na d ebube e kere eke na-enye ha na ihe fd na track. N n'ebe ahu n'oge
Megatherien na stilt l ama okpukpe, omenala iwu, sayens na nk; adgh mma
bla na-adgh emezi emezi nke gara aga, bla hr meptara enweta nkwanye
wa; na mgbe na r hr lar elu hr j, b ma ha gafere naan ike z, na ya
onwe ya b a nd mkpali. bgh omenala nke nd piano, na-amalite irekas nd
harmonic aghta ihe at na a akpata nkewa, ma igbari inharmonious na a
adabako. Ma nke a omenala keere nd si Piano Games Chineke n'wa. Na any
aghagh ikwere na wa a na-eso nzube nke omenala a na nw nke mmad b naan
a n'aka onwe ya, na adgh nke wa a, b nd onwe ha achtagh ha mkpebi na wa a,
nd nd a, buru bgh ihe niile, ozugbo igbari, ma ngide ruo mgbe ikpeaz mkpebi
na Chineke d n mma.
Ihe niile na-adgh nd kpebiri na Chineke d ad, bkwa ot ihe j niile naeme ka njikere, ebe maara, mmetta ndu, ma, mmehie, njehie, ihe mgbu na-egbo
ya; naan ike iri n na-kas elu lar dgh nke Chineke; weere ya na na ala nwere
oke n'gb d ad ebe otu b ka nd z, Ot d, Chineke na-eme ihe na ya kas elu
akpali, ihe mma, n na-ekwekrta n'ihe nile. Gibts kamakwa nd mmad n'elu a
ala a elu ime mm ubi, psychic drava na elu uche, na-n'anya anya, nke ukwuu
nghta banyere ala chch nke elu . Nke kachasi elu n'ime nwoke kama b ka
a Low na Chineke. Ot a kwa site n'chich nwoke b uche Chineke, b ezie na

pr inwe z ya na Chineke na nnabata na ga. Na elegh anya na any na any j

bgh n'z nke Chineke, kamakwa na n'okpuru Chineke; na nche na ya nwere ike
dgh ihe j nke wa ya unreconciled, ka ghara hap ya unreconciled n'onwe ya,
nke b ihe bla, onye na-ekwere na Chineke na nd nd na okwu nke bch
echiche. Ya mere, ok ya bna b, na ok b ike ya na oge, ga-ab a ogologo oge,
ibu uzo, a ukwuu ike ikpochapu ya, kwadebeworo. Ma onye bla nwere, d ka
geous gnyere na Chineke, nke na-ar r iji nyere aka na.
Na ihe nile nke 'N'ezie kacha siere ajj na-agbal kpr az: Olee ebe mgbe ihe
j nd d n'wa, ma br na e nwere ihe niile na-mma, ike nile, Chineke na wa,
nd ka taa akp maka Day mgbe n'ihi ya ihe j niile, nke aghta na wa a na-eche
na Chineke na nd o kere na. Gn mere na-egbochi ya site n mmalite iji n'z zuru
ezu gbaptara na oge na-aga ruo mgbe niile nkeji agha na ot ma na odigh nwere oke
oge?
E nwere nan otu nd na-abgh emegiderta n'onwe ya zaa ajj, nke nwere ike na
Chineke na Chineke. No na-eme iji ofufo emer ma b na-ekwe ka ah kpachaara
anya na nd d ot ah ma br na-enwegh a ukwuu j b apgh izere ezere ma
b a ukwuu mma ga-ekwe ka nwere. nemegide bgh nan dd nke mmad
uche; ya nemegide dd nke uche mgbe nile. Ya mere, bna Chineke nwere ike j
anbegh a elu ma b ala n'gb ya na-emepta ma b mma na uche, ma br
na nd d ot ah agagh ezere ma b a ibu ma b kara mma na-enwegh naahap enwegh. Ma na-eche wepta Chineke n'onwe ya na omenala echiche nke nd
e kere eke, ya mere j ha, n'ihi ya, ga-ab imegide-adgh ala nke d mma ya na
omnipotence,-abkwa chch ya j ha ma b kwetara.
Ot ah ka Day aka abuo na mmegide site n'b mbido nke nsogbu na ya evolushn
ruo k n'ime nke b ike mgbe niile na-eme nke ma, kama na-ach na uche ma
b onye aka ike ihu ma Chineke, na a Urnotwendigkeit nke Being , na-akp a
metaphysical mkpa, na-enyocha ha ga-an na omume onwe ya ma nwere ike ghara
d na-enwegh ihe ize nd nke ihe j na temporal mmalite na nwere oke distrikti,
na-ada z na hr incarnations, ma b dgh ihe z na mmegolite ka ibu na ihe
ka mma nwere ike eme eme na-enwegh agafe j. N'ezie d, idu ke ukphde, elu,
n mma, mata ihe j site n'ozuzu, elu, voraussetzlich site na nke a nd na nd
overarching akk bna isi iyi nke z n'ozuzu, ibu, elu mma, b na-ekwu okwu
nke na wa, ma na nke na mmadu nile, nwere oke d na, d ka na-aga n'ihu onwe
ya, kwakwuru ya n nke d ad na adahade, inweta akk. D mkpa ma ihe j nd
z ma b, ma b na ma nwee uche ziri ezi ot d mkpa ugbu a na-ntziaka nke
uche Chineke on ya elu, n mma, na-emeri.
M na-ekwu, nke a b nan nd na-abgh emegiderta n'onwe ya z Chineke si ma
na otu akant nke d ad nke aj kere ya ma b banye n'akk ya ma b naebili na wa ya, ihe na-ese okwu b ebe a na-abagh uru na-lob ibu r, na any na
inviolable na ebighi d mma nke imu ya ka amma mkpuchi. ma ga-ele onye ma
Chineke omnipotence a na-ebelata, na uche nke otu na-eduzi megide ihe ma bgh
bna site chch a na-n'ihi na - b ezie na b mgbe niile n'ebe Chineke,
Chineke, ma bgh kpamkpam esnede akakan uche - ma b ihe Chineke chr ka

elu nzube n'ihi ma b ah kwetara, otu onye ga-ewere okwu Leibniz ka obi na
mgbe Chineke d mma na omnipotence abata esemokwu, nke ikpeaz nwere nye
z.
E nwere ezi uche mkpa, omnipotence ihe bla nwere ike megide Chineke; n'ihi
na pgh ime ka ugboro ab site ab na ise na-adgh agbanwe ndaba nke Ludolf
si Theorem ka dayameta ruru nke d okirikiri mpta. Kama nke ah, ezi uche d mkpa
werekwa a isi oge na eziokwu nke okwu ya ndu ebighi-kachasi mkpa; na
metaphysical mkpa Nleta a Andrs isi oge nke bbeze ya na r ya na uche. br
na ihe niile b mgbe niile kas mma, d ka any nwere ike iche na ya, n'ihi ya any
nwere ike dgh uche na-eme ihe, nke na-akar ch ya ma duru na-eche. Ma, d ka
nd d ot ah e nwere, nke mere na any nwere ike ikwe ka gbasa.
N'etiti ihe niile d tnanya na e nwere onye kas ukwuu na e nwere ihe bla; ee
ma br na b n'ezie b ihe otu onye ga-eche na gagh ekwe omume na e nwere
ihe bla;n'ihi na ebe, ot, nke mediation kwesr-ebe. dgh ihe na-angide ma naekwu na mgbe a, dgh mpga mafe ya ad bedrfendes, site n'onwe ya dude,
b; naan ka any ga-bgh ot ighota na na ot nd d ot ah a e kere eke nwere ike
ad, na dgh z nke adkwa, dgh nri nke ina b n'ihi na any na nke a. Any
kwesr ezo aka Chineke, b Kachas Elu na primal ad na nke a aha, na-, d ka naenye any onwe ya. ny pr Chineke tziere g ot na-aghagh ime, n'ihi ya, any
chr nye iwu ya nke ma: mere na dgh ihe j puta p ya d ka isi iyi niile d
ad n nd a, ihe niile d na ya ga-ab dokwara zuru ok, ma b site na mma bna
ihe zuru ok ganihu; ma ihe j b, na ot any nwere laa azu nkwubi okwu b na
ad nke ihe j na n'ala ala mgbrgw nke d ad ma b ya mmepe onwe-ya,
n'otu inseparably; ma nyere a n'ozuzu zlite ihe j d na n'ozuzu ganihu nke wa
na-egosi a ga nke ma mgbal a, any na-adgh na-emechi obere na nd d ot ch
ijide na-ekwe omume nke ya ga nke ma b njik chiri si n'ala ala mgbrgw nke
d ad na mmepe.
The abal anya nke amagh ihe mb n'z nke na-elele na-aga. dgh ihe gaakws m ikwere na Chineke, m nr ka mmad kwuo, s, br na adgh ihe j
n'wa. O wee s, na-eche elegh anya tt puku na okwu nke abal echiche. Ebuka
Chineke, ga-enwe ihe j na-agagh ekwe, n'ihi ya, na-apgh iguzogide ihe
j; n'ihi na ihe j d ad, na dighi Chineke. N'ihi ya, n'abal echiche nke nd
mmegide na-aga kacha. wa wee gbala imeri-enwegh Chineke na j ka ha nwere
ike, na ha na-agagh akp a rchara, enwegh nchekwube d njikere. Ma, b n'ezie a
Chineke na meren mgbe nwsr maka n'abal-ele n'agbanyegh ihe j nile, ya
mere Stephanie ah na-emegiderta nke na ha apgh weghara ha onwe ha z ,. Site
ibu emegiderta Chineke nyere nwoke n'ihi na ha hr ya thapr site n mmalite
onwe ya mma ma d nj, na ot a na-eme ka obi t ma b enwegh obi t, na
wa closes kara si na mbara igwe, kara nke hell na-agbaji Chineke Nke kachasi
Bara ba dgh uche ma b pr ime ihe nile + enwegh ikike ma b n'ebe a
at? N'ihi omume j, nke hoputara nwoke mb ya, Chineke na wa nwere nsogbu
an ah na gg isi, nd ma na ihe j ot n'z dabara adaba, nyere kwukwara,
ka m anman, na-enwegh ike na-ahr, onyinye d iche na obi j na ahh; ma
chr na ya enweghi ngwcha d mma ma b enwegh ike inwere a na njik nke

ihe j na ya omnipotence; ma b na e nwere at? Nri nna mmad na doo m ya

n'ihi hnanya ha na maka hnanya nke ezi nnwere onwe naan na ihe ma; nan ole
na nnwere onwe na-emetta n'etiti ndi Israel na-egosi onwe ya n'etiti mmad nakwa,
ma e nwere a nnwere onwe bna ezi ihe; Ma Chineke kwere ka m mmad na-eme
m ya nn nke ma na ha, n'ihi na ezi kara a priori, ihe j kara nke nnwere
onwe. Nri nna-adgh iti nd ezi m ya na ihe j, ka ghara nap ha nd obi ike na
ikpe ziri ezi ya, na anagh ata ha n'ihi ojiji nke a nnwere onwe o kwere ha naan. Theebere, d nn Chineke, nna b mmad, nd omeiwu, nd ikpe ga-ewere ihe-at, ha d
na ihe niile a a Andrs Ihe Nlereanya 6) .
Nakwa d ka ihe j, na Day b naan mgbanwe nke a gara aga World on-n'anya
na a ab. Mgbe mba nile chi ka n n'okpuru mmad adgh ike na; taa ele Chineke ji
ama a abstruse ok, buliri elu kara adgh ike na njehie na; the Day-akplite nd d
mkpa njehie na Schw-Chen nke finitude na-ach ihe ha n mma na mma na
Chineke, ma na-amata ke kas gb nke imu ya ka ungetrbteste ok.
6)

zkwa comments on ajj nke nnwere onwe na nke 16 ngalaba.

Text original
Contribuu a millorar la traducci

VI. Echiche okpukpe na atmanya.

1. Iji na Day expires na a ozizi na-ekwubi d ka nd d ot ah, na-aga ebe d anya
nkt nk ihe mma adianade do, ma br na nd a, ihe bla, n'ezie, okwukwe ga
divest kpr, d ka iso (Jehovovch. 4) tlere; ezi kama na nke a na okpukpe, na b
ya kas elu na ikpeaz kweere bna okpukpe; ma ihe ha, ma bgh megide ya
karr b nk ihe mma.The akk ihe mere eme mkpughe okwukwe, kwara ya d
ka b site ekpe okpukpe nk mmta okpukpe, b onye karr nn nkt nk ihe
mma, ma ihe b ogologo, b obere megide ya. Ya mere, Pol puru ikwu maka a
Chineke nzuzu, nke d elu kara onye amamihe mmad; nwere ike ikwu
Tertullian: Credo quia absurdum est ; na Luther kwuru ebe ah (otu ihe ma b yiri):
b a ukwuu jgburu onwe ya set nke Sorbonne, na ihe b eziokwu n'ihi na mgbak
na mwep na nk ihe mma, a ga-ab eziokwu, bkwa maka nk mmta
okpukpe. Na taa, nd mmad mere na-ebo ebubo nke Mkpughe kwere na ha n'z d
mfe kpata z ziri ezi na kas elu na ikpeaz ihe na-ezigh ezi.
D ka now mbk na-eguzosi okwukwe na mkpughe e debere megide Day na a
megide ya mgbe bch ele ya akk na-ekwu na-a okpukpe? Ka na-etinye ya obere
oge: ga-aj nd Day n'ihi na s na ya nwere nan kas na ihe kas mma, ma bgh
dum nke na-ewe; Day View ma ga-azpta ya kas elu na kas mma, tupu ya
expires na-ah dum onwe. Mgbe nke ah gasr, any na-ekwu otu ihe a obere
ogologo.
2. The ngosi kwere ekwe mkpa mgbe nile naan akk ihe mere eme na ihe mere
na-n'aka nke okwukwe ya, na b venerable akwkw, nke na-enye a security, idoru
ya ala, iji ghta hr nd a epupta. Gn mere ? na-achpta site na okwu site

n'elu, ebe, ihe a kporo ach naan ka o sikwa n ala, na-ad na-adabere n'elu ya niile
vacillation na-agahie agahie mmad mere nyeere. The ofu ike na okwukwe ya d
n'elu ugwu na gburugburu ya n'akk niile na umbrausenden iche oncoming idei
mmiri taa nk ihe mma a ghara interchanged na a dda ke abis nke ya. Na n'ihi na,
ka ya nd nyere si n'elu Inweta, nzkw iji kwalite dgh mkpa, nke na n'otu oge
ah mkpa na-emeri nke a music, dgh agbaghara ya kwa, na-akwadebe site
n'okwukwe ya tank site n mmalite g bla atuaha, si amamihe mmad aba na
nke na n'etiti nke nd a b ib akwkw na-ach n mma.
Ma e nwere nd z, tt ihe nd z, na nd z na nd z site n'bch ruo
n'bch, nke, ma br na akk ihe mere eme na nd bara uru, na-at uche nke at
n'ala nke okwukwe na nke a n mma b, okwukwe na kas elu na Orthodox okwukwe
na mkpughe nd ab mere, ikpeaz ihe ehiewo z, na a na-enye bch ha aka b.
Ma, b ihe karr a nkt aka na na-enye onye, b a mweghachi nke nkwenkwe
b na nwere n'wa d ka a dum; na-adgh mkpa d ka?
Ka na-ok nj lee anya na ugbu ala ihe a.
3. A uche na-aga ebe wa: pgh b, ma b o nwere ike na-aga. Ama ee
explores wa fr nke nta na-at egwu a hr nke okwukwe ma b bna a hr
okwukwe; ama bna d ka na otu na ihe mma, nke b naan na dda nke ochie
okwukwe, ya mere egwu na wa b nkt, ma mbaa na-ekwuwpta onwe ya.
br na na-amkr kama b naan nd ikpeaz esi nke na abal echiche, na atuaha
na nd nke ochie okwukwe kwadoro, hr h na nkasi obi, na nd na-emegide bch
echiche, o so z nkeji iri na ise onwe ya, merie. N'ihi na ihu ma mbelata na nd
doro anya onu, nke a na-agbasa site na wa, na ihe niile Higher ihe dk banyere na
abal; ochie kweere ma bibie ya, zpta na a n'elu-igwe n'elu-igwe; hr okuku b
ihe ezi uche na n'otu abal.
Ana m echeta ugbu a na Ime echi, n'ihi ya, brzie m ot n'uche:
4. b ezie na adgh ike n'okwukwe, ma ihe mere ike nke na ka na-ezi ptara
site okpukpe na chr kws ya ojuju, ptara na ha mere ihe akk ihe mere eme
Mee ap niile rere ure na-ib-ya nile; anakta firmer ma b nd z n'ihi na ha
nwere, n'ihi na aka-enwe ike inweta kama nd a nk ihe mma - na ebe anya z wears a nan ya na-ese okwu ma na ha Glaubenswidrigkeit banyere ya; nwekwara ike
ya agw a okpukpe. Ma dd research hammering na, site na nnapta mgbal naan
mgbe frailer ab, Structure kpamkpam n.bna Orthodox inwego na niile ike ya
mee ka nd rere ure ka arapara d ka nd z, site nd ma na-anw, na br na dum
ihe b ngide na ezi okwukwe ga-na-ya nile; ma n'ezie ka na nghta na ha na isi
ngzi nke okpukpe, insofar ka nwere abgh n'ihi na ha mgbe ejide site na ha ma. Ebe
b na b ka okwukwe nso, ike nke kweere chta mkpr, olee ebe z?Olee ihe
pr d mma n'z nd z, adgh as okwukwe si d. Ma br na e nwegh
enwegh ihu ab na nkt Obi Ab n'etiti ha, nke mere na ha hiere z nan atr
n'gw atr ah, ma b ka a gw ehi na-ele mma n'okpuru onye zz atr, a
ndo. Ma n gg d nta agh ama obere melts n z na nd z, na n'ikpeaz lie
n'okpuru inexorable mbibi nke nd na ozugbo dike dd mgbe ala nwekwara otu ya
nkwado napr, n'ihi na nke na now dgh support n'ime ya. Ahh ga-adr ya

mere na Church na ahh n'ihi ya ka State.Pessimistic okwu nke elu na proletarian

kp n'akuku zuru mbibi site smashing mkpmkp ebe nke ochie l ma.
5. b kwuru na nke a b eziokwu nke Church; Ma chch na okpukpe ab d
iche iche ihe; Ka nkwenkwe nke Chch daa, free uche, agaghkwa ji tethered,
okpukpe zlite. - Ma strangely, ihe onye na-ah dda nke untenable nkwenkwe nke
Chch, ihe onye na-ah na-ada n'agb nke okpukpe; na zerfhrt na pua n'anya
n'ime ikuku thapr. br na chch na okpukpe ab d iche iche ihe, ot o, ot
ah na uche b nd ab d iche iche ihe; ha na-ad na-ada n. Na-adgh niile ihe
rba ama nke ha imek ihe n shrinkage e? heats ka, b baptism na udo efu;
bughi ihe; ya eme ozu alaghachigh mpga kpo oku, na nd mmad nwere ike
agaghkwa ebelata ke price Good. -Ama-amas nd obodo onye nchj ibu ar; n'ihi
na onye ka na-amas m kw gw maka ntrnd nke a na-ekwusa na ozizi, dgh
aga na sacraments dgh ya mkpa; -anchi nke table nke na-edeba aha ot ebe
chj ah; dgh ihe z na-hr d ka past nke kacha nta ach Ihe n'ihe
banyere okwukwe. D ka okwukwe hr, Chineke b mgbe naan aha a n'ozuzu wa
iji, nke-aba n'ime m mmad, na dnihu nd maka General deliquescent nke a
pta nd; na fd nkwusa si ikwuputa okwu Chukwu nke mere eduhie devotees
naan site nd a aha. Ma br na e nwere nd ka nd chr ihe karr nan aha ma
b surrogates Chineke na nd mgbe a nwsr, ya mere ha na-amagh ot na ebe-ah
ya, mgbe naan ihe mere, bgh okwu aba nti na Bible, ihe kpatara nke a ma
megidere nke z, b oche megide ikwuputa okwu Chukwu, na n'ikpeaz bna ihe
mere nke onye na b ihe kas-enwegh ezi uche, aka ekpe, na-eme ka bara uru
kweere ma b j ikwere ma b na-ahap si ma b mee ka nd; Ot d,
okwukwe na co mmetta nke nd kwere ekwe nwere ich ndu-ya kpr na mmezi,
na gmenti na chch kwesr ekweta na-aga ka e meere site etozu na-ezi nd a na
njik nd; naan na now agaghkwa na-ar r. Ikpeaz any na-aba na nke a,
ghara uche njik mmetta nke okwukwe; na ot jide Christianity na okpukpe nd Juu,
Catholicism na Protestantism nma agbamakwkw d ka ihe niile na-eme ka
agbamakwkw na mberede, na mgbe na-ihe bla. Na b adgh ma n'tt ebe
na dabara, ot na-aba d ka ma na ihe mmas gbelu gbada na ngwa ngwa naaga ala, na n ike na ekele dr nke ije. Ya mere ugbu a na okpukpe na-abgh
Orthodox okirikiri b nkezi ama fr nke nta ka lar, na miri sunk miri n'okpuru eluezigh ezi; na Chch tdks onwe ya chtara ya esiwanye ike ka nwere nd na
steeti d ka a ewusiri ike ka berennt si n'akk niile na nke obodo ji gburugburu
bibiri.
Ugbu a, any j onwe any mgbe oge nke egwu zutere tupu, ebe e nwegh okpukpe
na-adgh chch. ga-ab oge mgbe bla gbmgbm nnukwu ya taya, Bottom
na-nwesr megide Onye Kas Elu na-ab ya top, na free support na-emeghe ka
searches nke Chineke na nd mgbe a nwsr si n'ezi ofufe dap omume iwu, nke gaeme banyere random iwu nke dd na dochie edozi site uka iwu nke steeti n'efu h
na ozuzu nke si n'elu, na-ach hnanya na ibu r n'ebe onye agbata obi ah kpte,
agaghkwa na-eme na mmiri baptizim nme baptism na bara. A ga-enwe a oge nke
general-al maka d ad na amamihe megide amamihe, kama nke mmetta a n'otu na
interlinking niile d ad site kas elu na ikpeaz ihe.

Ma nwere ike na-enwegh ya enwe af ojuju, ot a agagh hworo, na n'ihu g

bna mata ihe ga-atghar sichs, pr ijide n'aka na a ga-atghar sichs. Religion
ike da nan ebili z elastically.
D ka ogologo oge a okpukpe d ka e nwere, b n'ebe nile, ebe na-adabere Kas
Elu, ikpeaz, Einig gwgw Dauerndstes, Final; na ebe na-efu b, furu efu niile
na onye d ka nd obodo, nke omenala, sayens, nk. br na otu n'ime nd akwa na
amagh ebe ka na ot bgh iwu na a olileanya na Chineke na meren mgbe
nwsr niile na-ata ahh mkpuchi na-enwegh naan arkwaghm ma b daa
mb. Ebe dgh at egwu nke iwu ah zuru, egwu na-aga n'ihu Chineke na
otherworldly mmehie. Ma nke ah abgh nke a pr gbanah. -Enwegh firing na
nkwenkwe okpukpe sayens na-aga az na-apta na-enwegh ihe mgbaru s, ma
b hr naan iwep ihe mgbaru s; na ra strok site na nk, nd echiche okpukpe,
nke mere na nwere ya shortened-ekwu okwu banyere ya n'isi. br na bna niile
'na nro maka ihe b aka nri nd na abal, ha nwere ike na-at uche na n'ikpeaz.
The dum akk ihe mere eme nke wa e-adkwagh n'ozuzu Neomi na site n'elu ihe
okpukpe ebumnobi, drava, kpr; nnukwu na kas mma d ka nd kas ukwuu na nd
kas nj n'akk ihe mere eme pta na kas mma nke kas mma, kas nj ga-iputa site
kas nj nke okpukpe, mgbe nd kas nj nke na enwegh okpukpe bla. N'ihi na nd
kas nj okpukpe, mgbe ha ka na-kwesr n'aha okpukpe, d mma kara onye
bla. Na-agagh agbanwe na agagh agbanwe agbanwe, bna ma br na
physiologist nke gburu nkta, na mmiri gw bla, na-eche n'ihu kp k n'n
oven onwe ya nke a oru, nke na-aga site na akk ihe mere eme nke wa, na-eche na
ha nwere ike ime na-enwegh na. Ha ga-ahr ime na-enwegh physiology na onwu
kara na-enwegh.
Ya mere okpukpe apgh ekubi ume enwegh nwere ha ngafe mkpa nke hr n'ihi
na onye na maka dum eto eto ma na-esikwu ike ruo mgbe niile kr af n'ala mgbal
nke mweghachi nke ochie oge hr Mee mfri eke.
B oge maka ya ugbua zuru? Amagh m; Ma ka ghara b taa, n'ihi ya, ga-ab
echi ma b bch. Na ugbu a, ka any lezie na-ma br na mgbe na ike gwr
niile n'aka abal echiche na-okpukpe nke Ndozi ma b ekpocha ma na niile agha
nkwenkwe dnala, d ka b, a Andrs-angide mgbe ha re n'ime ptara Day
edify.
The hr l, Ot d, na Day agwa ya na-eso z, bgh on na r elu nke nd
nt nke ochie, ma na a hr mere na hr mmanya, hr nkume, ma na
unbreakable obe ochie n'elu. Ma bgh obe, ihe a kpgidere Krast, ma nke ah naakplite n'ime h nke ya na-enwu bna kara wa nile si. gaghkwa esi n
mkpmkp ebe nke ochie l, nke na sinks z bch bla, dkwuo z, ot a
kwa ka hr Mee efu ya n'elu. Ee, na-apgh bulie hr ma br na na-adgh
a priori ya direction na mweghachi na elu nke na nke na nwere otu olu na-ejedebe
na ochie na mezue onwe ya, ga-. The gb okporo gw na-aba n'ebe a ka e nwere
site n'elu; ma nkume nwere ike itinye nan site agha si n'okpuru n'ime a ptara gb
okporo gw.
6. Na-enwegh image m chr ikwu Site gara aga na-eson.

; Na Christianity e nwere ab echiche, ebighi-ebi eluigwe na ala, ha n'isi nw,

akarala niile gara aga oge edo anya, decisiveness na d elu, nke eme ka ya niile na
ka na-emegide merie, na ebe ga jide ya ndu ebighi dd njik na a Na he,
kpmkwem ikwesi olu ike, nke d n'z d ukwuu kpebisiri ike ugbu dd
Christianity na nke Orthodox ka kachasi mkpa ya onwe ya, b fr nke nta ka ya
kachasi mkpa, na-at anya.
Nke mb b na, bgh nd Juu, nd g mm akpan akpan, ma ezinl niile na
mba nile nke wa na ikwere na a ole na ole, nd kas mma agwcha Chineke na
meren mgbe nwsr na d nn kw gw aghagh ikweta, a omume teepu, a
direction nke edinam , a nkasi-obi, ga-ah a olileanya na ala, a okwukwe. Christ ma
any nwere d ka a nchoputa nke a echiche n nd na n'elu na-anchite anya ha na-efe
otu l) .
l)

"Nke Christ emenm kas elu d ka n'otu na n'ebe kas emenm kara emenm
banyere n'otu na ihe kas mma d ka nd kas elu nke Ya mere n'ihu na-eme ya
bla, n'ihi na o mere ya." .... "Ma, nke ah b ihe niile kwetara na ya na ihe
niile ga-ad fd nd na-adgh ma na nkwekrta nke d n'otu aller site
n'k nke naan onye ah kwekrtara maka ihe nile kwere omume, mb na
nsh n'ime nsh nke me ka elu ala n'wa, ma, site na nkuzi na-ebi nd
kwalite nkesa na ime ihe nke echiche na mmad nile b m nke otu ole na
ole, agwcha naan ezi ihe, Chineke, d ka a nwa amaala nke, na-eru ihe a
n'wa z, na alaeze eluigwe na d ka mnna bla z obi na-ad, na-ach
n'echiche a na-eme ihe. " Zendavesta II, 38. 39.)
b ezie na okpukpe nd Juu na Islam kr echiche nke onye Chineke na nd
a na Christianity, na ot eme onwe ya iji gosi na universality nd a echiche, ma
ngide na-akpata Christianity az nke mere na nd Juu na nd weere ya
hr, na-ach ka a Messiah maka onwe ha, na okpukpe kicks nime nkpr olu
nke mpga ikp nke Islam ma naan a heaven juptara sensuality n'uche b, naagbasa kama site na mma-agha kara ike nke nd na echiche ha na-enyocha.

Nke ab echiche b na site Adams ikpe mma n'ahh na mmehie mb ah

mmad, enwegh ike onwe ya, na gw ma iji ruo naan site mediation nke Krast na
obe maka mgbaghara na idozi ya mmehie ya, nke nd na-esi napta ha site na
Chineke n'onwe ya, d ka nke ab onye na humanized Christ gbazinyere onwe ha
nke a ch j ma duru wa na-agabiga n'etiti ahkebe r ebube a z nzpta naenweta ya.
Ma echiche, b ezie na b dnaya externally na-eche echiche z enwegh isi
demanding're toro mere eme ibe, na na-na a na njik nd na-azr, okwu nke Chineke
kpughere, bgh nan na-onwem obibi bla agha, ma dghzi. N'ihi nke a ha na-ah
kpara na Chch tdks ka a usoro na ihe mere na ha na-nweere nke usoro na
kama na-eje ozi nke ngosi na-enye, d ka na Agbaghara mta onwe ya, site na ya
n'ime coherence eme ezu n'z d ot a gbala na-adkp ya mmezi obi sie Ot d,
ike mettara na cohesion na nd z echiche okirikiri wa z na nd z oge izu, ee

aghwor wara ihe na-eduga dgh akwa; n'ihi na ihe mere e na ebe a agagh ab otu
bla z, na ptakwara tdks, kw mmiri ah ga-hr ma, ma b bna
nwara iti ha n'akuku ya, n'ihi ya, adgh eru n'ofe nke z n'ihi na accommodates
dgh anwa si n'ebe.
bgh zuru ezu iji wep nke ya akk mkpakrta nke ma echiche kpmkwem
na-ah maka a ogu; ma br na bgh, hr nti adgide, nke d mma awa a hr
mmalite nke akk ihe mere eme, na dd nke nd mmad na ihe, n'ihi na ikwesi olu
dnaya a nke nd z na-adr mmas site na nke a dd n'ihi na n'oge gara aga
mmezi nke dum, ga-ekubi ume otu echiche ah Andre na-anw anw dum okwukwe
n'okpuru mma, nke ga-agw ya; eziokwu onwe ya na-egosi ya. The Protestant
Association na-eto eto na chch d iche iche-angide na-efu. Otu onye nwere ike
ime ka nchso na kara kara akwa ta na enwegh ihe ga nke ma, na ihe ga nke
ma. The free ka na nd Old Katlik, ma h alaka na-ebip site n'ebo; nna ya ukwu
agagh eji site cha, ma rootless gh alaka. Ihe nile nke na-ekwu banyere nan h
ukwuu maka mkpa nke usb, d ka ekwegh omume nke na-eme ka nke nke dude
ntala. Taa amamihe gbanyere mkprgw ugbu a ozugbo na ya, n'abal echiche
nwere aj mbunobi na ma b na-enye aka na nnchi na ha Mgbak, ntziaka
bla. Na ot okwukwe na-adabere maka kas h bna ewepu na okirikiri nke
Orthodox na-adabere bla banyere ya, on a gw site na nwata gara aga na ihe
mkpa. Nd a b ike eri na akpatre b ma obi na dkatr adka, ma br na ihe
kpatara ya b bgh ike gwr na-eri nri n'elu ya na dr. br na o nwere ka akpa
ogho kama onwe eri ya mere, a ga-enwe ezumike, bgh nan na resistors bla
agha, ma bna nd d ot ah ga-ah.
7. Ma ugbu a, m na-eche na bch na-ele na ya na isi atmat na kpr nke ha
elu, disassembly na mwep, ka ha n na deptara ebe a n'ezie nwere nd d ot ah
eri, ie na eluigwe na ala echiche nke Christianity mma oge nke a hr mmezi na
dnaya maka award nyere ikwesi olu ike -enye, - oge, nke nwere ike bgh naan
site nke ya, kama na-anchi anya na eluigwe na ala echiche nke Christianity onwe ya
na isi nke a wa onodu ya mere ma n'ikpeaz, na-etinye na nd izute ha ina, di ka
fd ka ezinl nile na mba Ot d, etbede rigidity nke ikwesi olu nke ga nke
ma nke z 2) , na ihe nile si ewute mere na-eduzi naan megide ha.
2)

"Gn mere i ji ekwusa ozi mgbe niile na kpogidere kama nke Chineke d
nd?" ihe d ka jr a Brahmin.

N'ezie, ihe ga-eji, na-eweta bch echiche site n'elu Christian echiche
heraustrte, si ot ha na-adgh megidere ihe e kere eke, igba na mmepe nke otu naeje ozi, nke na ha adgh n ga-niile agha nke mere na ebe ha abgh nd na-ekwu ka
af ju otu, ma b z ga-atle oghe ka af ju. Ya mere, nd na-eche ihe kwesr
ekwes j Christian echiche nke d cha mere, nwere ike igosipta na oge b, ma
br na ha mkpa ha n'otu ojuju ma, na br na bgh na ugbu ma n'dnihu ga-nd
a uche ziri ezi ga-agh amamihe na ha nwere otu si na-ach ihe kama. zkwa, site
n'ubchi echiche, b ezie na nd g mm dismemberment na mweda n'ala nke

Chineke kachasi mkpa na-akagbu iberibe ya ma bgh thapr, ma-akagbu naan

na a elu mkpakrta, si ot eme n'elu Christian echiche bna nke kas ala etoju nke
ihe mma g na catchy. Na-enye ya, ya na nd niile na-abgh nd Christianity kas
elu nke echiche, ma o nwere site n mmalite nke ya d ka a bikon n'elu.
8. Olee ebe d, naan okpukpe okwukwe nweela a hr foothold ke onwe-ya, ot
a kwa ka cohesion ma si ot na-agbanwe agbanwe mmezi nke chch obodo ah gaapta site n'onwe ya; n'ihi na ga-ab agaghkwa bla mere ya kewaa. Site n
mmalite na ha enwegh iche; mgbe o yiri ka ha m ugbu a, d ka ab slats, nke b ka
a kpchie ruo taa ngidere na-enwe site support, ma ugbu a inup onye bla z
na-na ibe mgbali aga; eme na-apgh n'k fd, n'ihi ya ab ga-adaba. Ma b
ot ab mnne nd na-ogologo arah aka na aka, ugbu a, ha sere aka iche, mba elu
n onwe ya ka nke bla chr ka na-erubere nd z, na-atghar ha
Akwadoo; n'ihi na ugbu a nd kas ok chch na-akp na gmenti na chch
mnna ma sonyere aka maka nkwatu ab. Nke b eziokwu onwe ya, Ot d, na
gmenti na chch na-aba anabata, na-egosi na nke ab, mgbe plugged n'ime a
ghara ma gh dt umengw, na ire ere nke a na nke nd z.
Terebinth nwere ike mgbe elu na nd z d ike se elu; ma mgbe ha isi na-emer,
na miko mgbe niile juru ebe nile, na-aba na uto nke mpga ike na ma mma nke a
fd gba nke backward, kama iso. b na any agagh ama na a gba na-esote a naapgh?
9. Nke mb b isi ihe nd d Day naan n'n iyi nd na-; ma na nkwenkwe kas elu
na kacha ihe apgh nr, n'n, mgbe naan guzo ya ga-emeghi guzo na ya nan; ma
ka n'n aghgh na ihe mere nke okwukwe nwere akk ihe mere eme na ihe naeme mgbe b cogent na-ekwu na nd na-aba na nke a. N'ihi na nn pr dabere
n'echiche, ebe ihe yiri ka o na truest, dkwa ka nke a kas mma na nd mere Kas
inogide. Ee agagh ab tdks Bible okwukwe na bla mwepu megide ihe mere nke
taa ka nd d ot ah ok uru ha nke akk ihe mere eme na nd bara uru n'akk, ot
pr ka na-ngide na ya? Na any na-a mere eme propagated ma si ot edinm
ndien ke ike na-agbasa ruo n'k fd kweere n'd ns nke Bible okwu, na na nkasi
obi na olileanya isere on niile n'okpuru ala nke Akwukw Ns okwu, na-ahap egwu
ebi n'wa mgbakwunye kpte site na-eme, na any nwere okpukpe taa.Na any
nwere nk ihe mma na usoro na pretension, nd kas ezi uche na-niile Kas Elu naenye hr, nke Kant, Fichte, Schelling, Hegel, Herbart, Feuerbach, Schopenhauer,
Hartmann, wdg, bgh naan na bgh na any enwegh a okpukpe taa ; Kama any
nwere na o siri ike n'ihi na obere naan n'agbanyegh nd a na usoro; n'ihi na bna
nke na-adgh emegide akk ihe mere eme okwukwe, bibie ya na abstruse ya
comprehensibility, na kpr nke obi ab na ike na ngzi.
Kama b naan, na-eje ije akpkp kw nke abal anya nke ihe mere, nke b taa,
na Orthodox Okwukwe Bible abakwute d ot ah na uru. Na onye nwere ike amagh
na ihe ya anya elu na nkasi-obi nke si n'elu na ya wholesomeness b a edochagh
anya mmewere, ihe mmewere nke onwe-nlel na eketre wa weere, na na ya mere
eme na-arzi site n'oge gara aga agaghkwa chr n'ime-eme n'dnihu. wee a ure nke
dum agbr m mmad, n'ezie ekere uwa n'ihi nke Adam Apfelbi, n'ebe Chineke

nke na n'onwu Okpara ya b iji nweta n mma n'ihi na nke kpatara nke nwoke kere
onwe-ya na-eme mmehie oah u, na ebigh ebi na ebere na ikpe ziri ezi, nke na-eweta
nsinsi ufen ke hell n'elu temporal mmehie na enwegh okwukwe, na ot tt ka ike
ikwere ruo mgbe ebigh ebi; tdks bgh eduhie.
Na ihe, na-aj, i mere eme na-akwado onwe ya na g ozi g? - Otu ihe m na site
n mmalite na leaning: abgh nan ihe ab e karr Nar Af Iri akk; na bch
na-ele ihu ma na ab consecutively mere eme e gafere, n'ihi ya, wa ka na nkerisi
n'etiti ha, wa echiche maka Eintracht akagbu onye bla z. N'etiti ab karr
naan taa, ma distinctively, n'abal anya na ha negations. welie, d ka ma eruba na
nkewa nke na-emegide ihe nke bna nke at ibe.
The akk adgh eguzo na-abagh uru, ma jumps ma b na-adkprkwa; ma
gara n'ihu, nd ikpeaz elu kw n'nd ya echekwabara na nd fdr az
vorsetzend. The mgbanwe mejuptara na dochie ma nzkw; a elu echiche na-ah
na njik n'etiti ab nzkw. The nzkw nke okpukpe d ukwuu, ma nway
nway. G mkpa tt puku af ka a hr nzkw. Ma, ganihu nke repealed
kw floats, ama sagging na mbara ikuku; mgbe ga-and ala ya?
Na nkt ra strok nke pen, n'ezie b ezugh. Ma br na oge ezuwo, naagagh Agbaghara na amnye okwu na obodo na-akp ike, nke ka na-mkpa. Ifufe naar naan na epupta nke osisi, nke ga-otu bch dda na uru nke Wehens, na
okpukpe ala az ma na-azpa a wa nke ochie na hr ptara otu ugboro,
D ka onye na-nnukwu ihe ibu onye ntp nke fd chr na-eto eto b - h
nwere ike bgh naan tinye - chr tghara p. sekp Ugbu a, lee, ugbu a, e
on,-akplite nd ibu nke na n'akuku z, ma b kwa ar, enwe ya miri emi, na mgbe
niile dara az na buliri aka. The guzo n'akk anya dull ma jijiji isi ya ma b naach ch; fd nd na-on ibu ma nyere ha ba uba, achgh a n'akwatugh ya na
baara. Ebe a na-elegh anya na-ada otu olu ha ume, ma dgh onye na-eme. Banyere
nd a nwere mewo agadi, na-eche, ma o na-emezu nzube ah, adghkwa a ikpeaz
tug, ma ugbu a na-echere hr ike. ga-kaara mfe oge; n'ihi na n'ime aghwo rere
ure na nkume amalite ama site n'onwe ya ka crumble; na n'ikpeaz akk ga-enwe
naan fortzukarren nd Brocken.
VII. Kweere.
M Kwesr nd ichikota ma b okwukwe m n'echiche nke Day na a ole na ole
obere ahrokwu, ot ah ka m debere ka d n'n ya a okwu nke m rr n'ihi na
a obere, a maara nke ma na Orthodox okirikiri, akwkw "Christian
Vergimeinnicht" na nke bch bla af-atle nke kas nso tt r a amaokwu
Bible, d nn n'z dabara adaba, a hr na m bch mm.
"E nwere diversities nke armr, ma b a Chineke nke nlu lu nile nime ihe
nile e" (l.Cor. 12.6).
tt otu ihe kwuru nke mb ahiriokwu nke nd na-eson nkwupta, na nd z
niile d n'ihi na nghta. Na nd niile na ihe niile na-angide eziokwu na kas elu na
kas mma nke okwukwe, ihe b ihe bla d elu na mma-ama na okwu na eluigwe na

ala echiche nke Christianity b (nn). The otu Chineke n'elu ihe nile, na nd z
niile na wa na d nn kw gw, nke kachasi elu nke omume nyere n'iwu: h
Chineke n'Anya n'elu ihe nile na onye agbata obi g d ka onwe g nwegh ozi ma na
bch na-ele, ma a h si n'elu, na-enwegh nke ha, m na-ekpeghachi ekwupta,
agaragh hr direction na nzube; na na o kwuru, na-agnye nkwupta.
. L E nwere otu Chineke onye na-enwegh nst na ndu ebighi-ad bgh atughar
megide didnt externally kagburu n'etiti onwe ha, ma na ha na ebutere dum nwere oke
na temporal d ad; nke mere na, d nn na elu na chr soro na t d ad nke
nwere oke ihe, Chineke d ad karr ya.
2. Ot a ka mmadu o Chineke abgh externally nke ozo, ma a na-eingetan ya ma
kpebie isiokwu, nd na nsh nke mmad na Chineke na.
"Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
n'ihi na Chineke ndi ndu, m d nd,
n'ihi na b naan ya nwere nd;
Ndifenke-esote ya;
. apgh hap m"
(Site at Mot. US Geological Gr. Of okwukwe.)
3. The wa n'etiti nd a abgh chchr na nkt, ma Chineke na-ah h na-ege nt
da nke wa ya ihe niile b ihe nd d n'wa na-ewe ebe; na n'elu ihe nile, ihe naah ma na-an ihe karr o kere eke,-ewu-na echiche ya d elu kara nd kas elu nke
nd ae kere eke.
4. Nd mmad ga-eweda onwe ya, bgh na elu na-na wa ma ah nan kas onye
mmepe nkebi nke alaeze n'wa, ma nke na-mettara elu mmekrta na na-esi n'n
wa gnyere bna kwa d elu na akpatre niile ke kas elu lar, ie na Chineke d ad,
n na imecha.
5. Onye bla kpakpando nwere ya echiche nke wa na ihe d ebili mm d elu
wa na-angide ihe o kere eke n closes na imegide-emechi nd z d n'eluigwe,
n'ihi na Chineke nsh ma kpamkpam gbarie foduru, nke mere na kpakpando obere
oge na mafe ogbo n'etiti ha kere eke na Chineke d, tinyere wa.
,, Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
nd mm ozi dum usu
Na ya d cha elu
-amnye t seh laa 'M
Ma onye na-eburu m na-eme. "

6. D ka any a-wa dr nd n'wa z na elu iji ma banyere onwe ya, ga-enwe

nd d ot ah a site n'onwe ya, ya ngide kama z na elu nd na-ar r
verflieend, d ka a hr mmepe oge nime ya abatakwa na-enweta nkwanye nke
ya. Gn any nsinammuo mgbe aga encounters na b ejikere l wa d a na-

echetara na a elu ebe nd any na uche, nke Bara Uru b naan gbasaa na ba any
dum spirit ke spirit, b nd b na-ama eingetan zutere.
"Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m;
i na-ekwu okwu, na na-aga,
n'ihi na m na-agba enwegh nchekas
na-na-na-na-attkr,
na ugbu a b na ya.
Na Chineke mkpr obi m nyekwara
Yiri nn ya na ya,
furu efu na Chpta nke ya,
buru na ha naan nwa hr
A n'ime ya hhres l. "

7. The nd n'dnihu nke mm agakwagh na-anzi n'ime otu warara ala mgbochi,
d ka nd wa. The mm d n'ime ya na a freer na nd z na-akpachi anya na
kntakt kara elu okporo z na wa a, na na-angide na na ikpe ziri ezi gaKpsaan e zutere d ka kpr ah bla ga-eso r ya na aghrkwa e ihe o
suande ebe a.
8. Any ndudue, any nzuzu na mmehie na-adabere naan na any finitude na any
ala nd ke Chineke, bgh n'adgh ka nwoke onwe ya echiche, echiche nwere ike
inwe na-aga na ya na-agak megide ya elu gg isi na ya ka elu, kama na-angide
nri nghta , nri ga na-enye ya n'iwu banyere ya.
"Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
Chineke mere ihe si;
uche Ya b m ga-;
Achr m n'uche ya;
ma na-edu ya.
Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
The onwe ya adgh eme mmehie,
Yi ma na nwa ya
Tinye kwa nmehie
-ar ya ikpeaz r. "
9. All mgbu na nhjuanya nile, ihe j niile na wa n'ozuzu bgh site uche
Chineke ma b ihu ma, ma site a mkpa nke d ad n'ebe ah; ma na otu mkpa d
ka b n'ebe ah, b dd nke Chineke na ugbu a nta ya n'wa iji na-agbalsi ikeewu ya, ka d n mma, nd o kere eke nwere isonye na. N'ikpeaz kpam o nwere ike
na-ebuli na na ya d n mma site n'ime ya na nd niile o kere; na n'ihu na elu iru-ya
mara mbr banyere ya ma si na oge na ogologo na r e kere eke na-elu nkebi nke

nd, n'ihi ya nr n nchebe na-az ma na Chineke d n mma ga-; ga-at anya

n'ebe ah. Na okwukwe d ot ah nwere ike na-aga na-ehi ra na-eji nway.
"Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
O nkasi-obi na kas ukwuu mwute!
Chineke agagh ahap ya n'ime onwe ha,
b nan gw,
m na-eche m oge.
Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m;
Ka ikpeaz okwu;
Ma p bna si n'd gb mmiri,
m ka na-ehi ra n'udo,
m ka b s ebighi Port ".
10. N'oge echiche nke eziokwu, ma mma, mma culminates na Chineke agwa, na
okwukwe, olileanya, hnanya, ihe mmad na mmekrita Chineke.
"Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
esetp n'onwe ya ihe nile Council
nke eziokwu, ma mma, d mma,
Nke d n'otu uche
na, kpr a b n'ezie.
Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
O dgas nke ukwuu
na-ezigh ezi site n'wa instincts,
na okwukwe, olileanya, amade
na-angide ha mgbaru s kasn. "
11. The Chineke, di omume nyere n'iwu nwere echiche na nwoke na-ekike na-eme
na ntziaka nke mmad ji ezi nd ekike na-eme na ntziaka n'ebe dmma nke nd
nile, nke o nwe ebutere. Man b kziri n'k ebe na-eme ya r n'ihi hnanya,
aknuche ya na-agwa ya ihe bla n'ihi ihe ziri ezi.
12. The loftiest na kas n'ozuzu ozizi nke Christianity b kas elu, kas mma na nke
kas inogide n'ozuzu, nke nwere ike ime ka okpukpe isi-ya, na Krast b isi nke nd
niile m nke d ad na ndaba nke kas elu, kas mma, kas d ns eziokwu.
"Na Chineke n ka mkpr obi m,
mkpr obi usuu enye,
ebe b na Chineke na-egosi na Jehova
's Ndm gbada,
Christ n'ihu d ka h."

VIII. Das Alte und Neue der Tagesansicht.

So neu die Tagesansicht in gewisser Hinsicht erscheint und ist, so alt kann man sie
in andrer Hinsicht finden; ja sollte sie etwas ganz Neues sein, so wre sie sicher
etwas von Grund aus Falsches, denn die Wahrheit kann niemals ganz fehlen, nur viel
an der ganzen Wahrheit fehlen und viel ber die Wahrheit hinaus sein. Um nun das
daran Fehlende zu ergnzen, mu das Zuviele fallen; und so enthlt die Tagesansicht
mit dem Alten teils mehr, teils weniger als das Alte.
In diesem Sinne ward schon mehrfach hervorgehoben, da die Tagesansicht im
Grunde nur die Aufhebung zweier geschichtlich nacheinander zur Geltung
gekommenen Weltansichten ineinander ist, da sie ihre Ideen in hchsten und letzten
Dingen mit der christlichen Ansicht, ihren naturwchsigen Grund mit der heidnischen
Ansicht teilt. Indem sie aber, statt die eine uerlich und widerspruchsvoll zur andern
zu fgen, die eine durch Aufhebung in der andern und Gipfelung durch die andre

einheitlich fgt, weicht sie von jeder insbesondere, nicht blo durch das Mehr der
andern, sondern auch durch Fallenlassen der Momente, die nicht zu diesem Verhltnis
stimmen, ab. Und indem die heutigen theologischen, philosophischen und
naturwissenschaftlichen Ansichten sich dieser einheitlichen Fgung von der oder
jener Seite entziehen, stimmt auch die Tagesansicht nirgends ganz, sondern immer
nur von dieser oder jener Seite, in diesem oder jenem Stck, damit zusammen, um in
andrer Beziehung um so mehr davon abzuweichen.
Wohl am aufdringlichsten tritt der Unterschied der Tagesansicht in groen Stcken
von den jetzt herrschenden Ansichten hervor in der Ansicht von der objektiven
Ausbreitung der sinnlichen Erscheinung durch die Welt, in der Durchfhrung der
Immanenz der endlichen Geister in Gott statt bloer Phrase, in der Lehre von der
Seele der Gestirne und der Pflanzen, und in der Weise, das Jenseits aus dem Diesseits
zu folgern. Man hat gesehen, wie natrlich alles das in der Tagesansicht
zusammenhngt, auseinander quillt, sich wechselseitig hlt und sttzt und fordert,
wogegen in die heutige Weltansicht nichts davon recht passen will. Inzwischen drfte
es nicht ohne Interesse sein, zu berblicken, worber ich aber lieber von hier
andershin verweise (Zendavesta III, 332 ff.), wie die fr den ersten Anblick so ganz
fremdartig erscheinende Lehre vom Jenseits im Grunde nur zugleich die Sammlung
und einheitliche Verknpfung sozusagen aller mglichen, bisher vorgekommenen,
Ansichten darber ist, ja selbst der Spiritistische Jenseitsglaube der Neuzeit tritt (nach
XXIII) mit in sie hinein. Da der Glaube an die individuelle Gottbeseeltheit der
Gestirne eine Sache des alten Heidentums ist, wei jeder Schler aus den
Lehrstunden der Mythologie; bekanntlich wurzelte auch der christliche Glaube an
Engel ursprnglich in diesem Glauben und besteht derselbe unter den Naturvlkern
heute noch ringsum. Die Ansicht von der Verbreitung der sinnlichen Erscheinung
durch die Welt kann man in einer neueren Fassung der Monadologie (Abschn. XXII)
wiederfinden; und fr die Immanenz der endlichen Geister in Gott ward von
vornherein (S. 14) als erste Autoritt ein biblisches Wort angefhrt, wozu sich mehr
als ein Philosoph und Dichter als Mitbekenner anfhren liee.
Kann man nun nach all dem mit Recht sagen: Alles von der Tagesansicht sei teils
schon da gewesen, teils noch da, so bleibt doch ebenso wahr, die ganze Tagesansicht
war damit nicht da und streitet mit der ganzen heutigen Weltansicht, wofr sie deren
Widerspruch von allen Ecken und Enden her zu erwarten haben wird, denn eine
einige Mitte hat dieselbe ja nicht.
Leicht lt sich die Tagesansicht mit Naturphilosophie verwechseln; und warum
nicht; nur da man sie nicht mit jeder Fassung derselben verwechsle.
Naturphilosophie kann aber gefat werden einmal als Lehre von den allgemeinsten
Gesichtspunkten und Gesetzlichkeiten, welchen sich die Welt der materiellen Dinge
rcksichtslos auf einen geistigen Gehalt unterordnet, kurz als eine allgemeinere und
hhere Naturwissenschaft; und auf eine solche mchte sich die Tagesansicht wohl
sttzen, ohne deren Auf- und Ausbau zu ihrer Aufgabe selbst zu rechnen; fnde sie
nur bisher mehr als Bruchstcke und Probleme einer solchen vor. Naturphilosophie
kann zweitens gefat werden als eine Lehre von den allgemeinsten und hchsten
Beziehungen der geistigen zur materiellen oder innerlich erscheinlichen zur uerlich

erscheinlichen Welt, wohinein die Ansicht von einer Gottbeseelung der ganzen Welt
und der Gliederung dieser beseelten Welt tritt. Eine Naturphilosophie in diesem Sinne
beansprucht die Tagesansicht wirklich zu sein, nur nicht blo von theoretischem
Geprge, sondern mit einer Tragweite ins Religis-Praktische hinein; auch wrde sie
sich in umgekehrter Richtung so darstellen lassen, da letzterer Gesichtspunkt als der
leitende und bergeordnete erschiene. Drittens aber lt sich unter Naturphilosophie
eine Lehre verstehen, welche die Natur aus Kategorien, die vielmehr ins geistige
Gebiet gehren, oder worin sich die Gesichtspunkte beider Gebiete unklar mischen,
nach einem fertigen Schematismus betrachtet. In diesem Sinne ist die
Naturphilosophie neuerdings hauptschlich aufgetreten, hat damit in die
Naturwissenschaft hineingestrt, und die Emprung der letzteren dagegen hat selbst
das Wort Naturphilosophie in Verruf gebracht. Und nachdem man die Tagesansicht
unter diesem Worte mit gefangen hat, hat man sie auch darunter mit gehangen.
In dem Sinne aber, in welchem die Tagesansicht sich als Naturphilosophie wirklich
gibt, d. i. nach ihrer theoretischen Seite, ist sie im Grunde nur die Vollendung und der
Abschlu dessen nach oben, was von unten als Psychophysik angehoben ist, oder die
Glaubensblte und Frucht oberhalb der Wurzel, welche die Psychophysik unmittelbar
im Wissen sucht. Man hat sich gewundert, da die erste Darstellung der Tagesansicht
im "Zendavesta" und die "Elemente der Psychophysik" denselben Autor haben. Es sei
zweierlei und im Autor selber eine Spalte. Aber sieht man denn nicht, wenn die
Entwicklungsprinzipien beider zusammenhngen und zusammenstimmen. Im Gebiete
des Erfahrbaren auf Erfahrung fuen, wie die Psychophysik tut, und darber hinaus
immer noch darauf fuen, nur mit der erforderlichen Verallgemeinerung,
Erweiterung, Steigerung der Gesichtspunkte, wie die Tagesansicht theoretischerseits
tut, sind doch nicht gar zu verschiedene Dinge. Auch beweist sich der prinzipielle
Zusammenhang beider Lehren von selbst damit, da der erste Keim der Psychopysik
sich aus der ersten Darstellung der Tagesansicht - gab ich ihr auch frher noch nicht
diesen Namen - herausgebildet hat (Zendavesta II. 373), und da in einigen
Schluabschnitten der Elemente der Psychophysik (XLV und XLVI) gezeigt ist, wie
man mit Verallgemeinerungen aus der Psychophysik in die Tagesansicht
hineinkommt.
hnlich als mit dem Inhalt der Tagesansicht verhlt er sich mit den
Entwicklungsprinzipien dieses Inhaltes. Einzeln genommen ist nichts daran neu, nur
das einstimmige Zusammennehmen alles dessen, worauf sich fuen lt, ist neu. Von
jeher hat man Schlsse vom Gegebenen auf das Nichtgegebene gemacht, und
einseitige Schlsse der Art sogar auf die allgemeinsten, hchsten und letzten Dinge
erstreckt; von jeher haben praktische und historische Gesichtspunkte beigetragen, den
religisen Glauben zu sttzen oder zu begrnden. Die Tagesansicht hat eben nur das
Neue, da sie nicht den einen oder andern, sondern alle diese Wege ohne ihre
Einseitigkeiten und Halbheiten gehen und gelten lt, und in mglichster
Zusammenstimmung aller die mglichste Sicherstellung des Glaubens sucht (IV. IX).
In gleichstarkem Gegensatze aber steht sie gegen die zwei Hauptrichtungen der
heutigen philosophischen Nachtansicht, welche bei eignem Gegensatze
gegeneinander das gemein behalten, da sie alle jene Wege, die es gibt, vom

Gegebenen zum Nichtgegebenen zu gelangen, aus Einzelfllen das Gesetz zu finden,

von uns aus ber uns hinaus und hinauf zu schlieen, vernachlssigen oder gar
verwerfen, um entweder aus der aprioristischen Leere abstrakter Begriffe heraus den
ganzen Weltinhalt zu erzeugen und zu begreifen, oder das Wissen des Menschen um
die Welt auf das Wissen um seine eigne Subjektivitt zu beschrnken.
Was nun auch in der Tagesansicht alt oder neu sein mag, so enthlt aber diese
Schrift insofern nichts wesentlich Neues, als sie im Grunde nur den Inhalt frherer
Schriften, teils krzer zusammenfassend, teils weiter oder nach andern Richtungen
ausfhrend, teils in andern, mitunter auch wohl denselben Wendungen wiedergibt.
Warum tut sie es? Nun, zuvrderst weil jener Blick von der Bank ins Grne sie
sozusagen wie aus einem frischen Keime hervortrieb, dann weil ein Baum, der die
ersten Hiebe der an ihn gelegten Axt wenig sprt, von einem letzten Hiebe fallen
kann, wenn dieser auch nur den ersten gleicht; endlich, weil berhaupt: "Nunquam
satis dicitur, quod nunquam satis disciture".
Folgendes das Verzeichnis der frheren Schriften, die sich in Darstellung der
Tagesansicht teils ergnzen, teils aus verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten
zusammentreffen, in der jetzigen aber sich in gewisser Weise resmieren, nach der
Zeitfolge ihres ersten Erscheinens.
1) Das Bchlein vom Leben nach dem Tode. l. Auflage. Dresden.
Grimmer. 1836. 2. Aufl. Leipzig, Vo, 1866.
2) ber das hchste Gut. Leipzig, Breitkopf und Hrtel 1846.
3) Nanna, oder ber das Seelenleben der Pflanzen. Leipzig, Vo 1848.
4) Zendavesta oder ber die Dinge des Himmels und des Jenseits vom
Standpunkt der Naturbetrachtung. Leipzig, Vo, 1851. 3 Tle.
5) ber die Seelenfrage, ein Gang durch die sichtbare Natur, um
die unsichtbare zu finden. Leipzig, Amelang 1861.
6) Die drei Motive und Grnde des Glaubens. Leipzig, Breitkopf und
Hrtel. 1863.
7) Einige Ideen zur Schpfungs- und Entwickelungsgeschichte der
Organismen. Leipzig, Breitkopf und Hrtel, 1873.
Der Zusammenhang der Tagesansicht mit der Physik durch die synechologische
Ansicht (worber folgends Abschn. XXII zu vergleichen) findet sich im 28. Abschn.
der "physikalischen und philosophischen Atomenlehre" (l. Aufl. 1855. 2. Aufl. 1864),
und der Zusammenhang derselben mit der Psychopsysik in den Abschnitten 45 und
46 des 2. Teiles der "Elemente der Psychophysik" (1860) behandelt; der
Zusammenhang derselben mit der sthetik ist in der Vorschule der sthetik" (1876,I,
37) wenigstens berhrt. Als eine Art Beitrag zur Geschichte der Tagesansicht kann
die Schrift: "Professor Schleiden und der Mond" (1856) gelten.
Von erstgenannten Schriften mchten die "drei Motive" und "ber die Seelenfrage"
am geeignetsten zur Einfhrung in die ganze Lehre sein, erstere besonders in
prinzipiellem Bezuge, letztere durch ihre Behandlung einiger Hauptthemata. Auf den
Inhalt beider ist in dieser Schrift nur in Krze zurckgekommen. Am eingehendsten,
mitunter unstreitig etwas zu breit, ist die Lehre in den 3 Bnden des "Zendavesta"

entwickelt, wovon der dritte fr sich allein die Unsterblichkeitslehre nach den
verschiedensten Seiten behandelt, whrend sich dieselbe im "Bchlein" krzer und
hiermit vielleicht ansprechender darstellt. Die ethische Seite der Tagesansicht, worauf
diese Schrift nur beilufig Bezug nimmt, ist in der Schrift "ber das hchste Gut"
besonders vertreten.
Zwar gibt es einige Punkte der Abweichung dieser Schrift von jenen frheren
Schriften, deren besonders zu gedenken ist. Die wesentlichste Abweichung von
formaler Seite, sofern sie ihren Einflu auf den ganzen Gang der Betrachtung
erstreckt hat, ohne zu wesentlich andern Ergebnissen zu fhren, mchte darin liegen,
da in der jetzigen der Hinweis auf die Verdung der Welt unter dem Gesichtspunkte
der Nachtansicht den Ausgang der Betrachtung bildet, indes in jenen frheren der
Ausgang vielmehr von positiven Analogien, Zusammenhangs- und
Ursprungsbetrachtungen greren Stils genommen ist. Man kann an jeder dieser
Ausgangsweisen im besonderen mkeln, sofern man die Begrndung der ganzen
Tagesansicht darin finden will; aber die Tagesansicht kann berhaupt nicht zulnglich
von einem einzelnen Gesichtspunkte oder einer einzelnen Seite aus begrndet
werden, sondern jedes Moment derselben hat beizutragen, das Ganze zu halten.
Einige ergnzende Betrachtungen zu dem hier genommenen Ausgangspunkte aber
sind noch in einem der letzten Abschnitte (XXIV) enthalten.
Sachlich ist die Freiheitsfrage im 16. Abschn. dieser Schrift anders aufgefat und
behandelt als in Zendavesta I, 374 ff. und b. d. Seelenfrage 217 ff. Mancher mag die
frhere Auffassung der neueren noch vorziehen, die mir doch mit ihrer greren
Entschiedenheit zugleich grere Klarheit, innere Festigkeit und praktische
Verwertbarkeit zu verbinden scheint, vorausgesetzt, da die Entscheidung und
Verwertung vielmehr im Sinne der Tagesansicht als Nachtansicht geschieht. Denn
damit ndern sich die Gesichtspunkte, Bedingungen und Folgen der Entscheidung.
Anderseits ward schon frher in den "Ideen zur Schpfungsgeschichte" die in
Zendavesta II, 174 ff. vorgetragene Ansicht von der Entwicklung des organischen
Reiches verlassen; andrer Punkte der Abweichung von mehr untergeordneter
Bedeutung zwischen der jetzigen und den frheren Schriften nicht zu gedenken.
Mit all dem, wird man sagen, beweist sich aber, da die von vornherein so
anspruchsvoll und zuversichtlich gegen die Nachtansicht aufgetretene Tagesansicht
ihrerseits schwanken und irren kann.
Es ist wahr, ist aber auch von vornherein zugestanden (S. 17), denn zur
Unbescheidenheit der Tagesansicht gegenber der Nachtansicht fehlt es doch der
Tagesansicht nicht an Bescheidenheit auf ihrem eignen Gebiete.
Das feste Wesen der Tagesansicht ruht in den drei Grundpunkten des 3. und den
drei Glaubensprinzipien des 9. Abschnittes. Wer sich zu diesen Grundpunkten und
Prinzipien, von denen die ersten sich auf letztere sttzen, bekennt sich damit zur
Tagesansicht und findet damit nicht nur seine Weltansicht aus allgemeinsten und
obersten Gesichtspunkten, sondern auch die Hauptrichtung ihrer Entwicklung
bestimmt. Nach Magabe als man irgendeines jener sachlichen oder formalen
Momente der Tagesansicht preisgibt, verlt oder verleugnet, gert man in die

Dunkelheiten, Einseitigkeiten, Widersprche, Trostlosigkeiten, tiefen Zerwrfnisse

der Nachtansicht. Aber die drei Glaubensprinzipien sind doch zugestandenermaen
keine Prinzipien absoluten Wissens, sondern blo Prinzipien des Fortschrittes zu um
so grerer Sicherheit, je mehr man in triftiger Anwendung derselben fortschreitet;
und die Aufgabe der Entwicklung einer Weltansicht nach allen Seiten und
Bestimmungen ist zu gro, als da erste Versuche derselben vollendete sein knnten.
Und so wird es freilich auch dieser Versuch nicht sein, und sich zu bescheiden haben,
wenn nur Grund und Anlage desselben ihre Haltbarkeit beweisen. Nicht nur wird
jedes Buch, was jene Prinzipien besser als dieses zu verwenden wei, ber diesem
Buche sein, sondern dies Buch bekennt selbst, da es ein solches geben kann, indes
es zugleich behauptet, da es eben nur mittelst Verwendung seiner Prinzipien ein
solches geben kann, und da der Widerspruch gegen die Nachtansicht damit nur um
so durchschlagender werden mu.
IX. kpr at nd nke okwukwe nke Day.
Aller okwukwe na niile nkwenkwe okpukpe n'ezie na-adabere na at aghgh, na
nwere na-ikike adabere na at mgbakwas nke a b nan nd nncha na generalization
nke unilaterally, nke ndu na-ezugh ok ebe a na-ach nn nke motifs , Inbound a
na-atle n'isiokwu na-OFT-e kwuru okwu akwkw nta "at ebumnobi na ihe mere
nke okwukwe". Ebe a na nwere ike pta ihe, mta nwa na nkwupta nke ihe at,
na-akwanyere gw d ka usoro iwu, uru na akk ihe mere kpr, na dt
abbreviated version.
Odigh nime ndia kpr, na nkwenkwe na-akwado naan ya. Man nwere ike j
n a generalization nke ihe maara nwere ike b anya j, na ihe o chere na kas
mma kwere, akk ihe mere eme ka mgbe e mere emehie site n'akk ab; Ha at
kpr nwere z aka inyocha ihe d ot ah ha na-ebi naan z d iche iche na otu
njedebe. Dabere na r, b ezie na z nwere ike ebe a ma b n'ebe ah nakacha mma kama chua n'ime ihe otu kari nke-z kpr, na, n'ezie, ebe b tiori,
naan n'n kpr pr b nd na-edu; ma mgbe nile n'ihe banyere ah abgh
akk nke z kpr a, mgba k-angide keerughi, atuaha.
Usoro iwu kpr.
b widest kwere omume gburugburu nke ahmah moderating na emefu ebe nke
d ad n'usoro, site generalization, ndt na-abawanye n'ime ihe nke ibili ebe a naemeghe ihe d ad na-emetta dokwara na nd z, n'ihu na elu ebe d n'isi nd ha
anya ahmah any ezugh ma b nd obosara na d elu kn ahmah any na
karr ka ya na nd na-elekta, na generalization, ndt na-abawanye nke mpaghara
nke nke nganu uche mgbakwunye nan n'echiche na direction ama n'ime nke nganu
uche ya onwe ya na-bp, n'ihi ya, na-naan n'ihi na nd z, n'ihu na elu ebe nke naekwu, na--nti tle ihe generalizes nd z agbatiri, na-enwekwu nd z na elu any
anya n'ime experiential ubi, na akk nke ihe d iche, nke e mere site na ukwuu anya,
obosara, elu nke ebe, na-full akant. Site mgbe ihe iche iche amalite ihe, ebe a izute
Sites ubiere ke mme otu olu, na odi mfe okwukwe ga-akwado site na ya.
bara uru kpr

Onye bla na-ezigh ezi na ihe gbara r nd ga-esi ot a ga-ekpughekwa d ka

nd d ot ah na ha, d ka ezi nd chere site n mmetta ha merie on echiche any,
mmetta na ime omume, ghm gnyere ma b m mmad na-enwe obi t
detracts site na any j mgbagwoju anya nd uche na omume rr ar ah na
iwe, dissatisfaction, nwere obere udiozi mgbu ngosipta na na ikesiike akk
ozugbo; ebe eziokwu nke a nd gosi na b ot ah site na-abgh nke a
nile. Nkebi okwu a gosiri na nd z, nke ka ukwuu mmetta njehie ma b eziokwu
enweta nkwanye na any na mmetta, na-eche, eme, na a kwa ibu dpr adp ruo
nke m mmad na ogologo oge gbatr, mgbe a ndudue na-enwegh kprkp
aka na ike nke any echiche , ihe, n'ihi na otu onye ma b obere dpr adp ruo
nke nd mmad na a obere oge na-elegh anya pr iyi eju af, na bna bara
uru. Nke mere na, mgbe nile, nan okwukwe nwere ike hr d ka truest, nke b tt
uru ka a kpr mmad site ozuzu oke nke mmekrta ha na; mgbe nke a ikpeaz nke
d mma nke okwukwe ka atr ka eme ka eziokwu d na ya.
Historical kpr.
br na a nkwenkwe b na d ad nke ihe na-b kpmkwem dabere na ahmah,
otua ka onye bla maara ma b amagh ihe bla, na-eme site Existengebiete
gara aga, na-kpatara ad nke na-emepta nkwenkwe a, ma b kwesr ka nd mmad
na-agwa
, Onye
bla, bna irrigste, okwukwe nwere ihe mere nke style, d
Contribuu ruo
a millorar
la traducci
nn bgh mgbe niile n'ozuzu zulngliche ma tt mgbe nan otu kwadoro, ele
mmad anya n'ihu, ch dmma onwe, na-amba k eletrik si enwegh isi ibu ma
b untriftige generalization na nkwenkwe gha ma b na-ezigh ezi okwukwe. N'ihi
na nke a, nwere ike ndaba na gw nke okwukwe, na ukwuu nke puru omume a gakwubiri z n'ozuzu na olu, na onye bla na ukwuu anw ngwa ngwa ma na ir,
gbatr site na wa na oge, na ihe o wusiri na-eto eto na omenala na dissemination
-eto eto.

Text original

X. Iji nk mmta okpukpe bch echiche.

l. Sachliches.
br na any na-ekpebi, n'ime ihe Day ikwere na a n'ezie gbalaga ihe niile maara
na a onye kas elu na kacha n'otu nsh na ihe oyiyi nke obe na any onwe any
gg isi n'kala nsh naan na kas ukwuu ndt na-abawanye nke b echiche,
n'ihi ya, any nwere nakwa ihe nile nd na-esi ikwere na ya.
Any, mb, na ya ikwere na Chineke, n'okpuru ihe bla aha any na-aspr nd
kas elu edo maara Nigeria ka ihe niile o kere eke maara ot e si mara onwe m bna
ihe na elu kara ihe niile na-acha cha, bgh d ka fd na-eche, nan a
transcendental nsh nke mmad, bna d ka nd z na-eche a nan immanent
nsh ke mmad, ma onye na nd z nwere.
Ebe b na Chineke maara ihe niile O kere eke mara na ma banyere ha amagh
ihe na-emehie ihe, na-enwegh na-ekere k ha n'ihi na ha na-enye naan ihe nd na
akk na adgh maara nke ma ihe nile, ka dum b mara ha. tt nd ekwegh ma
b obi ab Chineke n'onwe ya, o sina d, na b na Chineke, ma nke ah aptagh

na Chineke adgh kwere na ya d ad ma b obi ab, n'ihi na onye bgh

Chineke. Chineke na-ah ihe ah anya nke nd mmad nakwa d ka okwukwe, na ya
World Order ptara iji kwalite okwukwe, iji kw gw nd ah anya, ma tinye ha
n'r na njedebe a; n'ihi okwukwe ka mgbe e tojuru site ekweghi-ekwe, na b d ka
na-igbachi elu, na-tojuru. Ma br na Chineke adgh na mberede na-akplite nd
njehie na ekweghi-ekwe, n'ihi ya, guzo na otu akwukwo, d ka ihe mere enye iketreke
na mberede na-akplite nd aj; na ike banyere ihe Chineke na-esonyere a mmachi
ihe bla omnipotence, mma ikwu ihe mere na dgh ad na mberede?
Any nwere kwere, Nke abuo, na Chineke na-inbegreift nd maara chch nke ihe
nile o kere eke, na na elu chch, nke na-ekpebi z nke wa na-agba s n'oge nile
nke ikpeaz, overlaps, nke na ihe ka nd nwere oke kere eke bgh naan na,
kamakwa megide ya n'elu nd, na-ekwu nkenke ka uche Chineke si, nwere ike naaga, nakwa d ka any ala instincts megide any elu uche. Ma nke mere na ha enwegh
ike gbanwe ntziaka nke wa s ofri, ga-ach onwe ya mesr kwere ka tupu
mmas site n'elu direction, ma br na uche Chineke megide ihe niile megide ya naagba, Ot d, ihe niile na-enyere, ihe na-aga na ya direction.
Ka any were a isi iyi nke nwere tt obere tributaries. nwere ike imeghe n'ime a
direction na ya, na-agba s na ma b megide ya, ugbu a megide isi ntziaka nke
dum ugbu a n'alaka l r, ka ha mmiri a oge megide direction na ya wee naaspta, ma ike laa azu a direction na ya counter-ugbu a, na ga ikpeaz ma otu
sochiri.
Thirdly, any nwere ike ikwere na Chineke ga-adi nnoo ihe t nile, niile , t
kasn, ma ihe mgbu, ihe mgbu, ahh, nd kas elu ntaramahh nke o kere eke na a
ala mpaghara obi ya, ma a creaturely ihe bla pr ichet n'echiche na ak na ba
na-agafe ekike na ak na ba nke ikpeaz ukphde, nkwalite na Chineke d n mma
nke ihe j niile d n'wa nwere n'onwe ya, na ihe nile nke ala mkporomaasi
overarching elu t nke progression ka ihe mgbaru s a na-ele onwe ya obi.
dgh ihe j, ihe any onwe any aghta d ka nd d ot ah, gba ke nnyn any
uche ma b any na free mbanye; ma d ka any na-eche ihe j na-eduzi any
mmuo, o nwere ike adgh bulie site na counteracting, any uche megide ya wee tent
general, albeit naan eme site a n'ihu oge na-agba s, usb d ire. ga-ab d iche
iche na Chineke. Ebe j a mara na wa - na ihe dgh mgbe, ma ozugbo ma naaghta ka nd d ot ah na ya na ya pta, b ihe j - na-aghta na Chineke na
ugbu Chineke; ozugbo eduzi ya a ala mbanye, na ebe b ezugh, a elu uche nke ka
nwere ike ma na-adaba o kere eke, ma br na bgh nd kas elu uche nd e kere
eke ezu, nke kachasi elu uche Onye Okike na aka nke z, na ihe nd z n'ozuzu,
bna ma br naan site n'ime ihe z oge ptara mgbe onye pr inye iwu, na ike
nke mere na mgbe wa a na-adgh ezu, kptr nd na nd d ire, na nw b nan
onye ogbugbo n'etiti ab.
Ot d, any ga-now-enwe ndidi mgbe ihe j na-agagh na mberede buliri na
mberede, zuru ezu na any na-ah chch na Chineke iji ihe, na ga-atkwas Chineke
nke na pr ewu ya n'ikpeaz. N'otu Urbedingungen d ad nke nke d ad nke
nsogbu na-adabere na ya mgbe niile, na-adabere enweghi ike-ewu ya na a ra strok,

ma-adabere na o kwere omume n'aka ya elu; Chineke maara na ya omniscience site

n'z nd a, na-acha cha na kas ala na-eri na z kacha nso eji aba na njedebe. Nd
a na-akw gw nwere ike iyi buru ibu ma na a z ogologo; ma wa j nke na
Chineke nwere ike, onwe ha adgh obere.
ma na-agba siri ike megide tt nd kwere nke a kpere agozi na Chineke, naapgh kwa ihe mgbu na nhjuanya nke o kere eke na-eche echiche nke ya na
obi. zkwa any mkpa ee iji na-egosipta aha Chineke nan na nkt njedebe nke ime
mm d ad, kama na-ezo aka gnyere nascent ubi na, ot ah ka any wee na-emebu
tr ime nke Chineke Being mgbe nile na-ya z mma ka ihe niile na ahh nke nd
O kere eke az. Ma d ka ahh nd mmad tara na isu ya na a ala mpaghara obi ya,
n'agbanyegh na maa nn mma si a elu si ele ihe anya banyere ya, obi na-ad
dkara ala d ka ahh, na ya ga-ad akp idozi otu ihe ah, ga-ab na Chineke ma
br na any na ya dum onodu nke ya a na-. Bu kwa ihe a bara uru nke ukwuu maka
nd nke echiche ah b na b otu ihe ka b na Chineke na nke a nan site elu akk
na nwoke; na ihe nile nk ihe mma na nk mmta okpukpe, nke site n'onye ah
nke ya nkt echiche nke Chineke-ya nile af Ikere nkt na ahh nke o kere eke
nwere na-enye adgh eji dochie anya echiche na Chineke nd a, ma br na d ka
ya obi na-ad, bna d ka ya site ga-demgeme mgbakwunye na nke mmad.
Olee ot pr inwe hnanya na obi ike n'ebe a Chineke b onye, d hergebrachter
echiche nke ya omnipotence, ya onwe ya chebere nhjuanya nile na ya e kere eke
kenyere ya. Ga mgbe nile na-ata ahh, na naan n'ihi na ha nwere na-, ha nwere ike,
ya mere, ga-dd, nke na-ah ihe niile na ike iche echiche existent n'onwe ya, nan'ezie, dum na-ata ahh nke d ad, ma n'otu oge ah na mbanye ebuli ya,
inbegreifen; na a siri ike na ntala nke tkwasr Chineke obi any na-ata ahh, any
na-eche d iche iche banyere Chineke, any nwere ike h. Ee Chineke b ch any
niile na-eche si bna ihe na nhjuanya ka ukwuu kara ka any na ahh nke dum
gb, ugboro na nd nke ha mkpakrta nwoke na nwaany mmekrta na-eto eto, nke
iru n'of onye e kere eke na-abgh nan na nchikota nke onye na-ata ahh, ma d ka
a mmetta nke Quelles Leiden; ma-emettakwa b Mmeju na reconciliations-agba
nhjuanya a si elu echiche n'ime onwe ha na-ekere k n'ofe any, na n'elu ihe nile
, ihe niile na-akp onwe ya nd kas mma na-eyi ya na amuma nke nkebi okwu a
n'onwe ya, mata ya na obere ka, na kwa ayi ihe mgbu, nke na-akpte nd adgh n'otu
music, d n mma n'dnihu na ihe ga nke ma karr remunerated site na-eson
mkpebi kwekr. Ma ihe any nwere na nwere oke ngafe nke a obere egw, Chineke
n'oge nile nke wa ihe, b ezie na o nwere ka o chere ka ga nke ma nke bla
mkpebi na ruo mgbe ebigh ebi; n'ihi na ihe niile ugboro e aghta na ihe obi t
harmonic progressions okwu na nd bna n'ihi na ibu ma b obere sekit ga-eme.
2. ass.
Eziokwu ah b na any natara na Chineke na niile mmej, njehie, na-ata ahh
nke any ihe mma, volition, mmetta, nke na-adgh egbochi Chineke na kwa
kachas elu nke ya b onye zuru ok ka ochie na edemede nke any na-ekpe ikpe ok
inye ,: naan ke ala ebe nke uche ya, ha na-apgh chta. Na nd nwere ike, Ot d,
j ha ihe-ama chere elu b br na na-dum nke a n'otu nsh overlapped ime

mm ad nan Onye Kas nkt na ugbu a nwekwara kas elu na mma nke, ruo nwa
oge tlee n'tt kas elu nke ime mm ad ka Chineke. Ya mere, d ok mkpa ma
yiri ajj a, b kama a okwu nke ass, d ka okwu a. N'ihi na br na na-akp
Kas Elu ma b dum nke ime mm d ad Chineke, ma mmekah n'akuku nn
na n'elu na Anglkan, otu,-eme nan otu ma br na ihe odide n mpta n'etiti
Chineke na ala ebe, ma bgh d ka estidem n'etiti elu na nke . ala ebe nd Chineke
na nke mb kwekr N'eziokwu mma nd d nd olu na okwu Gebrauche - na otu
ekwesgh b ka o kwere mee nwere ya? - N'ihi na any na-agba nkt na naan ihe
kas n'ozuzu, kas elu na kas mma ch na Chineke na nke miri emi na-ah wa nke
nwere oke ihe na peculiarities n'okpuru ya; ma b mgbe ah kama b naan ihe
abstraction, nke a na-akp Chineke, gn ka b viable d ka obere, d ka nd kas elu
nsh, ga na mmetta unit na any; na Chineke b kamakwa tt nkt okwu nwere
obodo kwr ihe nile nd mm; Ya mere, iji nweta nd d ot ah emeziri na atuaha
onwe ya. Any na-atfu eziokwu na any na Chineke n'echiche z a spirit aha d ka
any onwe any mm, nke any bgh naan ghta ihe abstraction nke kas elu na
kas mma, na Ntpta elo na oru akwkw ihe, nke a pr chta n'etiti Chineke na
mm ns, any mm. Na info p n'ebe ah bch n'uche b nn ime nd a
akwkw ihe, hr-atle z na demgeme ala nke Chineke kachasi mkpa, nke
ah kara ihe at a.
na-adgh adabere na tumadi na ihe na-akp Chineke, ma br na dum ime
mm n'wa region on otu kpr na coherently na-argo, na na ibu size na elu nrigo
n'elu, ma na--gbasaa, ka any, na ma br na uche any bna d ka a na nwa
mmewere na l a na eingehe. Any kwenyere n'echiche nke Day ot ah, ee na any
na mmepe na mmba nke any n'obi nwere nan ihe ga-eme ka any mata nke dum na
uche. Ma br ot ah, any ga-enwe anya n'ihi na a dum na uche a aha, na-ah
mba z kara Chineke. b naan na fd na-adigide na onwe ya, d; na ihe spirit
si ga-ada n'ime ya, bgh; ma Chineke spirit gagh na-enwegh na ya, nke naagnye creaturely mm; naan na Chineke abgh nan nchikota b otu ihe ah, ma
na elu mmekah na kas elu unit kara ihe niile. The Day kwesr mgbe agbaji na
fd omenala echiche, ot ha ga-agbaji ya na tt okwu Gebrauche; ma
hergebrachte oge iwere n'ihi na Chineke b naan n'ihi na omenala abal echiche.
Ka dgod, ot anya ma ihe kas n'ozuzu, kas elu na kas mma b nn na-ah
nan na Chineke, onye nwere ike dgh ihe z ebe b, d ka na-emekar b
okpukpe dmma, d nn ka a, Chineke na n'ebe d warara uche d ka onye
nnchiteanya nke ihe nd kas n'ozuzu, Supreme -eche ihu n'elu a wa juptara adgh
emezi emezi n'okpuru ya, ma si ot na-ach echiche imeghari onwe ha, ma bgh
na-echefu si z n'ozuzu akk na nke a Ntpta elo juxtaposition adgh
machibidoro ndi eziokwu nkwekrta. The ass nwere ugbu a adgh bna nke
ukwuu d ka a okwu ogologo na ibe n'ime okwu, na ot ah ka mmekrta ga-mgbe
hr n'etiti ha; ezu ma br na n'ezie zuru ezu na-ekpebi; na ihe nd yiri
nwekwara any n'oge na-adgh angide na, mgbe fd, narrower, mgbe fd, d ka
anya d chere ihu Chineke okwu.
Otu onye nwere ike gbat ajj ma, j ma br na any na-anapgh bna dum
overlapped si ya nsh substantive ebe ke echiche nke Chineke. Ma, na-alaghachi

n'otu azza z: b kama a okwu nke ass kara okwu; n'ihi na mmekrta d n'etiti
mm na ihe onwunwe wa anagh agbanwe ya. N'tghar wa dum nye Chineke,
nd na-eson b b a pantheist, ma br na bgh n'echiche b na tupu na-eme
na-at egwu na n'wa taa, d ka ot a ga-akakwa nke onye nke Godhead, na kama na
d n'otu nke mm, nke tt d iche iche n'onwe ya , d ka a pkwara ch na iche
nke nd z. bgh Gnyere wa, Chineke b otu onye nke wa n'elu na n'elu, ma
nwere ike ma na-nsuresi otu echiche nwere ruru nke ime mm na ihe onwunwe
ad. O yiri ot otu onye nwere ike j ma br na a pr t anya ka nd mmad
bna ya ahu ma b anya na ah nan d ka a eguzo na n'ezie nd mmad na ikwu
ka otu externality nwere. br na chr arapara mgbe e mesr (Nkebi XXI)
Echiche na ihe wa b nan akk na-ya d nke otu kachasi mkpa, nke b mm nke
wa d ka akk nke ya n'ime Erscheinlichkeit, ot ike Chineke ma dum kachasi
mkpa ma b d nn hota nan n'akk nke d n'ime Erscheinlichkeit, nd ruru nke
ab ma angide n'otu. Na onye chr kwado nd z echiche nke mmekrta d
n'etiti ime mm na ihe onwunwe wa kama na-ele, ot ga-mgbe niile nwere otu
nhr ah; n'ihi na dgh ele ihe anya n'ebe ah, nke ga-enwegh a n'k nke iche
n'etiti okwu na mm, pkwara ebuli ihe d iche na a elu d n'otu. Ugbu a ma
br na Chineke d ka dd zuru oke nke nile d ad nwere ihe nd kas n'ozuzu, nd
kas elu na tt nr onwe ha ptara, otu b ihe bla ikpe ime mm na ihe
onwunwe wa nwere na-ahuta ka isio oge na Chineke; onye kwesr iso na-emebu olu
na oge iwere, ot ga-mata ihe d iche nd Chineke d ad d ka nan ime mm si
ihe onwunwe ad. Na-aba ugbu a abchagh nke mmekrita na ojiji nke ass, any
na-agbaso insgemein nke ab version, nke d iche na dum d ad nke Chineke d ka
mm na n'wa nile d ka ihe n'akk nke d ad, bgh na-echefu na ab na-na a
nwere ike kagbu d ot ah a unit na-akp maka a nkt aha maka ya, n'ihi na any
ga-ah ma z naan aha Chineke; ma ihe a chr iche na any ezute z tt mgbe
na nke iju ke ndi njik.
Kama r Chineke na wa d ka a ime mm nakwa n'akk nke d ad onye
bla z, n'ikpeaz nwekwara ike, n'agbanyegh na nke a d iche, na-ekwu okwu nke
a wa nke e kere eke na Chineke site kere eke n'ime ihe Day d ka karsa
distinguishable akrngwa dd nke ya niile ozu maka Chineke d ot ah d ad
ihu; Ot d, n'abal echiche b mpga ebe a maka nke a n'ime mmekrta. N'ihi ya,
echiche nke mmad n'wa ka Chineke nwere ike nakwa echiche nke Chineke na-a d
iche iche atghar onwe ya, na-emegide site na isoro uzo nke ikpeaz.
3. The immutability nke yiri Chineke.
N'etiti Njirimara na otu attaches ka Chineke, na otu onye b na n'elu, nke b
immutability obi ya. Ma o kwesr b na immutability nke a nkume; onye na-ekwu
okwu na-adgh ala nke Chineke d nd, na-ach na ya bna nd zuru ezu; Ma nd
b na-enwegh mgbanwe. Olee ot iji zere esemokwu ma b ikpeziri? fd naeche na b elegh anya n'ihi ya: ihe-egosi d ka a inwe nke any nwere n'ihi na
Chineke immutable n'out oge; Kama ga-nwere ihu ma, immutability nke a
nkume; na-ekwesgh iso nke Chineke n'd nsinammuo nke oge, d ka any, ebe any
nwere nd d ot ah nwere ike na site ya d ka ya akk kachasi mkpa. Ginge n'abal
echiche nke, n'okpuru ya tt ngalaba-ewere nd na-mgbe fd chere na any na

Chineke na Chineke na any, naan ok nj otu, ot ah nwere ike bna enwe

esemokwu banyere ya. Ma niile ah, mgbe anya site na temporal n'ezie ihe omume
b n'ihi na any otu ugboro, any nwere ike bgh d ka e were ya na chch wa na
wa gia na uz z n'okpuru ya d, na j onwe any ugbu a: e nwegh z kara nd
z abstruse coherent , abstruse immutability na Chineke na dgh ihe d n'ime ya
na-agabiga na ya ma b bna externally dabere na ya e cheptara echepta wa,
ihe iri eghu any na immutable na Chineke n'onwe ya? Welfare nwere ike na-ah ihe
nke ah na-dude n'ime na site nile mgbanwe nke ime mm na ihe onwunwe wa,
ihe niile nkt, na onodu nke niile mediating iwu ah nke chr otu site na, na o ga
nchegbu ma , na-akpata, nd mgbe niile na n'ebe niile, taa d ka echi, ebe a ka e,
otu pta aspta, na na na na iji kpebisie ike site na iwu, nwere ike igba n'z. Nke a,
Chineke n'onye ezi omume invariable dd ma b invariable mmezi nke bbeze
ya onwe ya tr ntala iwu Chineke na-achkwa wa s na-enwegh na ugbu a naenwegh Chineke dara bgh a agiri-isi nke isi-ayi. A ezumike nke iwu a ebe na mgbe
a ga-enwe ezumike na Chineke kachasi mkpa na ya. Chineke adgh as, m nwere ike,
m chr, m ga-eme ya ma z, ma na-eme ya d nn ka b iwu nke ya iwu
kwadoro, ihe mma, -eme ka ihe nd d ka a n'ihi na mb ndokwa nke uche ya, ihe
mma, edinam, b na ya. Na-eme ka ya a siri ike, n'otu na niile ga-. Ha na-ekwu:
Chineke nyere wa ya iwu naan; ma nwere ike inye ya agagh enwegh nwere ya
onwe ya na i nwere ike bgh naan abata a nwere oke oge, mgbe na-weliri mgbe
niile na ya. Na b ihe nwute n'ihi na any na b ot ah? fn, ga-ab ihe
ndabara j ma br na iwu Chineke na uche, ihe mma, na-ar r, n'ihi na
dachi mere ka any; Ugbu a, any ma na uche nke Day ka Kama nke ah nwere
kwere na any ga-at anya a legalism na-eduga na ihe mgbaru s n'enwegh ihe nan'amagh jijiji.
Site n'napta nd adgide adgide iwu, nnwere onwe na-bgh mgbe niile ekwe,
naan a-emebi iwu, a ndabere nnwere onwe na-ekwe n'aka onye na-ekwu okwu,
n'ezie, d ka ma br na e nwekwagh nd z, a nnwere onwe, d ka nke a isiokwu,
Chineke n'onwe ya d ka ihe kas isiokwu, ot nwere ike ikpebi ma b ya mere naenwegh ya gara aga kachasi mkpa na, n'ezie dum dude kachasi mkpa ime mm na
ihe onwunwe na-agnye zulngliche ihe mere mkpebi, mkpebi naan ebe, ghara didie
ke mkpebi j b otu ihe ah d ka mfe ihe ma. Ma, ka, e nwere ihe a Andre nnwere
onwe nke nwoke chr ukwuu iji chebe onwe ha megide mpga mmanye, nwere ike
imepe n'ime ya mee ihe na a enwegh at mgbe niile hr ndokwa si ot o si eme ya
nn, naan na iwu ebighi iji ihe mgbaji kpkp na-ata ahh, a nnwere onwe na,
na e kere eke d ka ya akk dd kama b nke Chineke na-akparagh k na nd
niile o kere naan otu,-ejedebegh ya irubere Chineke akk. The echiche ya na ok
ajj na itinye onwe ha thereto, ma b a d iche iche ngalaba (XVI) echekwabara Ot
d, a gasr (na Asaa) izugbe iwu eneme.
XI. N'ihi na mkpr obi ajj.
br na mgbe bch echiche bgh nan m mmad na anman ma bna
osisi na kpakpando nwere mkpr obi ha, na crystal ga-adgh mkpa a ga-atle na nd
d ot ah a?fn, M ptara, ya b ot ah. Mgbe h hr bgh nan na m
mmad na anman, ma gabiga, ya gbaa, ya n'ma mma ya, ya na agba na-aghta - na

nke ah b a mesiri isi ihe nke Day; izugbe spirit b ara nd a nile na mmetta - ot
ah ka z pr iche, d ka a crystal, h oge izu na-aghta na a pr iche; na d ka
crystal ka h ma b nke a na-enyo megide ya d iche iche na-eme, mgbe niile d
iche iche, ma ka ngide aghta na a, site ya estidem dd na ruru nke ya axis na
mmekrita keonodu n'z na-enwegh sensashion na nke nd z kristal overlaps. I
nch mgbe ah na-at anya ka a okwu nke a akpan akpan mkpr obi, b ihe unu
kpamkpam; ihe bla ikpe na-adgh si ot gbochie, na b izugbe spirit ah nke
nwere mmetta nd a; otu mm nwekwara niile d g n'obi, na-echeta, etc.; ma d
iche nime gi z uche na-enwe na t g onwe g na mkpr obi; gn mere na otu
echiche nke nd crystal. Na ot ah ka diamond nwere nma na ha niile nd a d nta
mkpr obi, n'ala bna otu ekara site mmta nchara ancha; na na ya kacha mma
mgbe b diamond na mkps aka nke otu na nwere bna elu na nd z mara mma
mkpr obi na isi banyere ya.
Ma ot obi d nd diamonds na-ekpe dgh echeta na ya n'uche, gagh na-atghar
uche ot obi d ya, ha ga-kere site mpga mberede mmetta na na-agabiga naenwegh ya aka periodicity ikwughar onwe ma b imughari ihe hr; na chr
ikwu, s: Ya mere, diamond nwere kama dgh mkpr obi, ot i guzo b free z;
b kpamkpam ot ah, olee ot chr ka okwu mkpr obi. Na na-emegh nke
agchi nke nnwere onwe a? Gar-ekwu nke mkpr obi enwegh ihe bla
sensashion, ot anya kwetara bna n'ihi na osisi nd d ot ah, na-enwegh si ot
ikwe sensashion ha, na mgbe ah z naan mkpr obi chr nabata na bgh
nan na-eche ma mara na ha na-eche. Enwere m ike amachi nnwere onwe nke okwu,
ma gbochie esemokwu n'abal iji n'iji okwu; ga-apta na ha ebelata ha kara nk ihe
mma.
The osisi emet, m na-aptagh bna na d elu, nwere a reflective nsh nke d
bla nwere ike bgh Ot d, ka ha na-ebi a disassembly usoro na oge mmepe
nke an sensations na-agak nke na crystal abgh ka d nd, mgbe a mr nwa
hr nwa -ama ya nd. bna nke a na-apgh as onwe ya, m na-eche, na bgh
ka na-echeta na n'oge gara aga ke akpa nmikpu na stimuli nke elu wa, kama na-aga
d n'ime osimiri nke d ugbu a; na-ma, m na-ekwu, b na osisi; ma mgbe e mesr
na nwa na-aba na, mgbe dgh mgbe na-aba na osisi ya; na o nwegh ihe owuwu
ka ma na-angide nke fd page mgbe niile na ogbo nke mr hr, nke a d iche
iche agwa na ogbo na-nwanyi m anman na mmad ka. N'ime nd a, akpa mgbe
ebe nchekwa, ma bgh onwe-echiche, nd okenye onye, b d iche iche kara ndu
Negro adianade do, nd a. Ma m chr na nke a na mb n'ebe z 1)s E Gburu
Egbu ebe a na-adgh bna nabatara umu.
1)

Na "Nanna" na "On the Soul ajj".

Ya mere ugbu a na e nwere diche d, na kwa iche iche na onye n'z nke nsh
meptara na ejikwara; na bgh aha nke mkpr obi maka nke a ma b na ogbo
onye kwesr na-ar ka - ihe Heck-agbaso site a okwu na-adgh na mb tinyere na
ya - ma naan r ka ihe banyere ya b nan a esemokwu si eziokwu mmas. Nwere

ike any na-ah naan na nd z na mkpr obi d ka onwe na n'enwegh edozi

esemokwu banyere ya.
D nn n'ozuzu si ele ihe anya, nd na-eson ajj na-ebilite: ebe b na ihe
onwunwe usoro m na njik na wa, otu na nke ruru ekechi na niile nwere gg isi
ihe d iche, ga-ab na ha sensations, ma b n'ihi na na-ak niile m b. Iji, d ka
mgbe niile chere mere eme, M na-aga ihe at ab nke otu.
Eluigwe b ab ehihie na abal juptara kpakpando ma any na-ah bch bla
kpakpando. N'ihi gn? Kpakpando nke bla na-agbakwnye, ma na mbara igwe
n'oge bch na ebe b, d ka tt ihie d ka nke elu-igwe n'abal. na-ezi, Ot
d, ike ok site na gburugburu gbaa, ka nke na-etinye, ka i b dt ala n'ehihie, na d
ka d oke obere na mmekrita d, any adgh iche na ihe na site na gburugburu
ebe obibi, elapses na izugbe ihie. bna mgbe chi jiri ya mere akws tt n'ime
kpakpando.
The egwuregwu nke a violin n'z doro nr mgbe na-egwuri nso any na ha onwe
ha ma b na inyoghi inyoghi bch mkpt. Ma br na nnukwu ihe Volkstumult
b, o bu n'ezie ka b nke na izugbe mkpt na na-eme ka amba ya, ma ha game
na-adgh karsa akpa k elapses n'ozuzu echiche. Ma chr ya d nn zuru ezu
ike, ga-z ike ok.The bakwuo nke egwuregwu site na ike nke da aka eme ka
dkwuo mfe iche ha.
Na ot anya d ka sensations nke h na da olu na-jikr ya ah Filiks ke any na
ebili na mpga na-akpali akpali na-akpata na-ada ( b ezie na bgh otu nd),
any ga-askwa: ot obi nwere ike ok any nsh naan na ot anya d ka nd pr
iche -ab, na-akwanyere gw ad n, d ka isi an ah Filiks n'elu otu gba, a naakp. esi fr, d iche site kwa na ndi agbata obi ya na agwakta tiyere ya ma nke
ukwu-aba gw d ka ihe d iche echiche.
any generalize now na aga iwu, dum nsh n'gb m mmad na anman gainsofar iche n'ime wa nke mm, d ka ihe n'ibu nke akwado nsh nke madu na
anumanu, nke d iche na gburugburu n'ozuzu usoro n'elu otu gba ; ma elapse na
izugbe
nsh
nke
wa spirit, ma n'ezie ka na-eyi ka eziokwu ah b na otu inwego d
Contribuu
a millorar
la traducci
ka a dum, ma na-enwegh eweli onwe ha distinguishable ofri. -Abata na-traded nke
nd nd a na m na ihe nke psychophysics.

Text original

XII. Mee n'Ozizi nke Beyond 1) .

The ihe-eleda okwukwe na a ab nd, n'ihi na na-ah nd nke mb bibiri na
nw. Ma dgh ihe ch ma na nkwenkwe b na ihe bla meren na-ah ebe, naemepta ebigh iso-esi an ah ebe, bkwa na any agagh ach obere na causality
n'etiti kpatara ihe na mmetta na-ah ebe-adgh anw ; ihe mere o ji cha ch ma na
nkwenkwe na causality na iche echiche ebe adgh anw anw, ma d iche iche
kara n nd bunyere site na causality na-ah ebe n'of nw n'onwe ya. dgh ihe
z, kama chr ka okwukwe nke Day.
l)

Na akk, ebe a jr isi echiche nke V-5 naan na a dt iche d, na-arah

nwere obere nkwa nd na ntkwas echiche banyere. The aba ozugbo echiche

nke spiritualism ma b na 23 t. N'b. Any na-akwali na nke a nwa oge

deferral ebe a fd, dum ikpe na nke a anticipatory okwu. Nwere ike
conceded d ka eziokwu mgbaas uche m, kama b naan na-anchi anya
ahkebe displacement nke nkt mmekah n'etiti nd nd na wa a, nke, d ka
crazy na-ekwu nke wa a, fd mmekrta ya na nkt ha mee,-enwegh-enye
a d cha okwu nke nkt ma b mma na-ekwe ka-emechi ya.N'ikpeaz, Ot
d,-ekwe omume na eziokwu n'ime akant kwesr ndiiche na nd ma naeyi.

The pessimist akwa ta ikwere na a ab nd, na-ar: bgh iji ahh nd nke
mb nd; any na-ekele Chineke, ma b kama amagh ihe bla, n'ihi na chi z
ngh, na achikta any n'ime onwe ya ma si ot mta n'ihu nke nhsianya na a
ab nd; ezie na na-chere na nke ya otherworldly stabilization na Chineke d n
mma b n'ezie nd na-adgh na-eji echiche nke otherworldly n'ihu nke obi j, na
dgh music na wa a na a dissonance okt kwuo, ot a kwa ka nhsianya na-ekwubi
tt nd ebe a na-eche nwere ike , na dissonant nd b bgh mgbe niile zuru ezu.
The pantheist ihe taa ot agba nkt na-ekpo k, na-ekwu na nwoke nke dr nd:
onye moo mere l ya, na moo nwere ike ga, wa ga-angide na-enwegh ya; nke ugbu
a b, na aro na-aga na nke ochie ak etolite hr na-eduga ike on, na-enwegh onwe
ya anya si na ya, n'ihi na ha nwere z na-eme hr ohere; onye nd ga-enyere nd
na-azr nke chr b ka nwere oke ihe karr otu edere oge nke ndu ebighi-. b
ezie na pantheist ma na-ah na otu ot a na-ewuli a pyramid ah nke na-ewute ochie
etoju ugboro ugboro ka iru hr eziokwu na a osisi ghara si ot na-aga n'ihu na-eto
eto na nd agadi alaka einkriechen ugboro ugboro na ogwe; na nke ugbu a d nn
naan ya mere mgbe ochie na-enwegh development angide n'ihi na nwere ikeagbazekwa n'ime mmiri na ebili mmiri, a mr ya gaa z, Ot d, miri-iyi ihe taa
d nn iche na elu mmiri na ebili mmiri gafere kara ugbu a onye puku af gara aga.
The Monadolog jiktara ya na nd unit n'otu oge ah ak na ba adgh nd ka a d
mfe eke ma b atm na, mgbe ah na-ebibi, na-angide undestroyed ekpe, na
mkpr obi na ah nwetara site an ah mafe,-azpta dnaya. dgh ihe na mfe
kara na, naan na ihe isi ike, ike hr ah na-Fort ngide na-enwe na-emepe emepe
d n'usoro mmekah na-abgh wa mgbe mbibi nke ochie ah nke mkpr obi, na
nchegbu na Monadolog Chineke na-enye award ka mkpr obi nke mmad na-azpta; stapled n'ihi na ihe bla nke na-anwa, aha na echiche nke Chineke ka a d
mfe odidi n'otu oge iji zpta d n'otu nke Chineke nsh na monadological pta.
The ozizi na onye na-zr az-anaptakwa ah na mkpr obi na n'otu oge ah site
ikwere na a nbilite n'onwu nke aru ya na mkpr obi, site na iwepu ike nke na
echiche nke nd d ot ah mbilite n'nw site J bla iji ha ngwta na nd hr
n'otu oge d nn iche d nn mara mma n'eluigwe na nj eche nke mb nd na ofri
onye image na hell, ekwupta, n'ezie d ukwuu d ka onye bla nke maara na ihe
bla mba elu n onye-nzuzu na-supposes mara ha z ma b presumes. b ezie
na onye ga na-eche kwesr ma br na a ab nd e si akpa, a ga-enwerr

nwekwara a traceable ann nke njik d n'etiti ab.

Na kpomkwem a b isi ihe, malite na nke bch ele okwukwe na a ab nd
bgh naan esetp, ma na eri na-eson na-atfu fd h na z nd mgbe a
nwsr na otu onwe-amu.
N'ezie, tt nkt si ele ihe anya site na nke bch na-ele pr ime ka onye icheta
otu ihe otherworldly maara nd, n'otu oge ah naan otu site na nke ikpeaz esi cheta
b na, megidere ihe any n mmalite nke materialists.
br na any na-ar ihe ha retara nwetara na nd ugbu a continuity nke otu d
nsh site na nwata ka hr af na otu ah, b ezie na umi na d nke ah
gbanwere, n'ihi ya, b eziokwu ah b na n'dnihu ahu si toro si na mb, naalmdi nke gara aga nsh emewo site na ya pta na az attaches nsh; na any naeche ihe nd nsh mmekrta nke na ebe nchekwa na-akawanye na-ele site na nke
toro, b z eziokwu na ihe na-eburu na-echeta na any, a N'ihi ya nke ihe uz
n'ime any. na-emetta kpr a nke continuity nke nsh ke ofri ofri, rue any
nwere ike Chpta ya na wa a, na ot any nwere ike inye ya na-eso nd n'wa a.
N'ihi na nke a mb ahmah kpr ma abatakwa nke ab, na-emikpu nke nsh
na a mpaghara nke maara nd n'onwe ya a nd ganihu d a yiri ka b n'aka nd
toro eto. Ma dgh na-eju af kar, miri na-ewe ihe zuru ezu sinking nke nsh na
ugbu ah na nd kara nw, ya mere dgh ike nd maka edemede, si toro site
ugbu a maara nd an ah karr ike d nn ka obere si nkt si n'okwu, d ka nw
nke ugbu a.
A ab kpr, na nke ozizi nke nd mgbe a nwsr na akk mb nnoo dabeere,
na ga-ewu ugbu a gaa n'ihu.
Nso na-ele now, na-esi nke ugbu maara nd ab, na nd na-ama aka-ahap ya na
otu ahu na-enyemaka yinye nd nke ugbu a ahu ka, na nd nke obp na na nke
attaches n'dnihu nd site ka ngide mgbe a aru-agbaze. Nd na-esi Ot d, nke naeme ka nd nke wa a na otu ahu, d ka nd ka n'oge nd a ngidere na gehends na
nd nke gbagwojuru gburugburu site gbat n'of ahu, na nd z ma nd hr naanw ka dum n'ime richness nke ihe wa a nke nd d warara gburugburu ka siworo
meghachi omume banyere nw na naan z n'of ya pta, na nke ugbu a warara
ah, n'eziokwu, b naan a n'z mgbe n'ihi na ihe niile. Na ihe nile anya na audible
any esi nke na now nd, na omume, okwu, font na nd z r, adru mmetta nke
uche-aga ya ozu na-na-eyi, nd kas mma akwara vibration ka ga-enye ya adgh ah
anya na inaudible any Post site nn naan ot ike na-aga n'ime ah, e nwekwara
akk chere ihu converted n'ime d z, na-aga na mputa. Na ot coherent n'onwe
ya, ot iche iche, n'ihi ya mgbagwoju, nke mere evolve, na-na otu mkpr-onwe-ya,
ngidere evolving, na gw nke mb nd, ga-ab nke d gburugburu ya pta, ihe
otu onye nwere ike kwa image site na-eso, ma br nan na-ama-adgh ike.
Mgbe a bgw mmiri na-egwuru na mmiri - iji tnyere a na N'ezie nke nd nke
onye na - ya mere nile efeghar efeghar ngide na-esite na ya z angide, insofar
ka a na-atle, coherent n'etiti onwe ha; di dda na aga na otu na-eme ka mmepe nke
usoro ihe ah nile na site na-hr iwu, bgh nan nd nke na-esite n'aka nd onwe

web nke na bgw mmiri, ma nd nke, malite na webs nke z swans na otu mmiri
n'ime ya itinye onu na-enwegh ma na mmekrta nke bla aro usoro mb web na
nke adabere na agwa furu efu otu.
The at na-adgh emetta nan na nke bu eziokwu na nd na-esi nke doo nd wa
nd nke mmad, bgh nan na nke mpta, ma tt ihe nd z d ok mkpa nke
ime ya nd ma b nd Filiks underway; ma na okwu nke iso n mma, onye ndisn
idem, development ike na mmepe nke z nd gburugburu na ikpere na-etiwap,
akris nn ka anya d ka ndabere n'ime nd underway na ya pta na nke a bgh
n'okpuru z nd ka elu, kama b naan reminiscent nke bna kar mgbagwoju
anya ntupu.
Ar N'ezie ga-ad iche na zuru droop nke narrower n nke nd n'okpuru n z
nke mm nw na a nnyocha e mere nke ihe nd z nile nd gburugburu
umschlge mberede na ihe nile n'otu mgbe na otu; n'ihi na nwere ike na-ma a
gburugburu-aka uru, ihe na-efu efu nke z, dum obosara gburugburu ma bgh a
ga-akplite budata ozugbo ihe ndibh narrower ke ikpeaz ya na-ad. Ma
kpomkwem n'ihi na nke a mere ka ihe nd z, any adgh ah n'anya bna nd d
ot ah a echiche. na-ama n'wa a, mgbe bla ga-ekwu na any na-am anya
ozugbo; n'oge na-adgh kptere anya, n'oge na-adgh na nti, now a, ugbu a na ebe
nchekwa, ebe nd z na-ehi ra na amagh onwe ruo mgbe mgbanwe na nd na-play
nke nd ime mm na-aba uzo ka ya, site na-agbakwnye na-ama kpmkwem nd
nke mm na-agbakwnye hr onwe ha, zuru ezu ime ka onye na overshoot nke
nbata-uz n'ebe a ma b na nke a. Na ot a kwa ka aj sinking nke nd nke a
gburugburu na a ga-atle nw n'okpuru nbata-uz naan d ka ihe a adru oge
n'mma nke ikpeaz frasi nke nd nke nd mmad ozugbo na nd na-esi na-amalite
site na nke a na-ad ibe, site na nke na bgh naan z na nd z na-emesap z
ije site na m af nke gara aga nd na-ewe ihe onwunwe, d ka n'wa a, ma na ibu
na t nwere ike jidere verknpfend. Ebe a iwu nke mkpakrta na nd z naemetta akparamgw mmad nweta iwu nke wa a na-agbasa na nd a na-na-eme
ya nan d ka ogologo na enwekwukwa nd nke nd mgbe a nwsr d na ogologo
na enwekwukwa mmetta.
The kwere n nd abatakwa n'ebe nile any na-ezute ya, na okwukwe na Chineke
verschwistert on; ma site otherworldly ka wa mm na-ekwe ka ha biri nd ha kama
pta kara na Chineke mgbe hergebrachter z ma b achikta na n'okwu ah, nke
a na-kwukwara na okwu, nd tfuru ma ya na-ala na ya gbalaga dara nn naagbasagh, vermittlungslos iche -enweta nkwanye doro anya na agugo l. Ka ma
Ernst na nkwenkwe b na nd niile na ike iche echiche nd ihe karr ihe d ka n'of,
eingetan na Chineke na Chineke ime mm Stufenbau gbatr otu kpr n'of any,
d ka n'ime any, n'ihi ya any bkwa nd ga-eme n'dnihu nd na n'ebe a ka chta
onwe ya na nke a Stufenbau agak na. Enwegh nd nd o kere eke Chineke enwegh
zuru elu nke l d n'elu ya gg isi nd nke wa a, na-enwegh ba kr na Chineke
na nd z nd nwere gg isi na-akwado ma n'ala. N'ihi na, na a nwr anw okike
amamiihe ngidere nwr anw, nd mgbe-mmetta nke nd any.
Na ot any etinye ya frherhin b nd d ot ah na, d ka on uz nke nd any n'aka

a okenye na ebe nchekwa nd na ihe nd na-na-kpara elu iche echiche Filiks naewuli, ot any dum nd nke wa a, a eziokwu okenye elu na Chineke. Ugbu a l,
ike nagh anw ngwa ngwa nke na-echeta na na kwa nke mmekah na-ewe
intervening mgbe nile na ogologo, kprkp, d elu nke mm nke ha na-azaghachi,
naan ihe any tnyere na nke a, any na-echeta nke nd na m anman; Chineke
spirit ma kara n'obosara, kprkp na d elu d egwu any mm; Ot ahkwa ka a
any na-echeta nke nd ga-ekenmde ke Abasi ke otu egwu n'ihu l na ezi a d iche
iche ike na anw ngwa ngwa ma na a elu Bewutseintufe, d ka nd nke na-echeta
na any.
Any na-echefu ukwuu, m anman nd z, osisi ah ga-echeta ihe bla; any
na-echeta ihe oyiyi na-adgh ike; any na-apgh akp a otutu echeta ozugbo n'ime
nsh; Ma ihe a niile b ezugh ok nke any na-echeta nd na-adabere na otu aka naenwegh at na Chineke spirit narrowness na adgh ike nke uche any, na aka nke
z eziokwu ah b na nkuzi mgbamejije nke ihe nsinammuo na nwoke ka ya onwe
ya nwere ike gagh na-ike na njuputa-, d ka nkuzi mgbamejije nke a dum nd
mmad na Chineke. Ya mere, nd ele ihe anya nke ha nhata b isi ihe d iche n'etiti
obere ebe a na nd, nke abatakwa n'ime onwe any, nnukwu, nke any na-aba onwe
ya, akpakam aka. Vorausstzlich any na-enweta site nw, ikike ichetara any na
any dum nd n'wa a, ma nd n'onwe ya n nd ai chetara, d nn n'otu oge ah
mmata nke nd na-esi na hapr nd any, na-aga n'ihu.
bna n'aka, na nd mgbe a nwsr nd materieller- d ka geistigerseits bgh
nan d ka a na ya pta, kamakwa d ka ndt na-abawanye ime n'akk a, a isi ike
Eingnglichkeit ha echiche b n'ihi na any na any ka n'okpuru nd nke wa a si d
warara nd -ah. Any b nd agadi warara kmpat, ihe isi ike na-eje ije kw si n'otu
ebe gaa ebe z ma b nchkwa 'na inyinya mfe locomotion akpa, idem now ebiela
n'wa, na any na-as na nd n'dnihu d ka a ohuru, ugbu unsurpassable, chr, ma
na- nzube na-ach n'aka any, any kwesr aba ma otu adgh mfe p na mmegide
na ochie maara d nd na armr, na inwe ihe isi ike nwere obere na-adabere na
nke any, usoro nke warara d adgh nd na any na akwado hr h, na nd
nke adgh nd mgbe niile etinye, m, ma br na d nd na site na, ma mgbe na
any, fd na any na akk akrngwa nke nd n'dnihu na ugbu a nke na ka
pr hr, n'ihi na obosara na d elu nke anya, na echiche ya chr ka any na
Agbaghara. Ma kama ime ka any mmehie site isi ike nke onye ma b nd z na
obima, any bulie naan anya, ot ha ga-ap n'anya.
Nke mb nwere ike b na-ezigh ezi any na nd any mgbe nw a ga-akwado
site na a dgas gburugburu nke mmetta, d ka ot gagh ad a unit nke otherworldly
nsh; ebe b na bna any ugbu maara nd na-adgh bunyere site na a mgbe, ma
si a onodu na a disassembly usoro nke mmetta, ma nd a na-mere maka z nd
gburugburu bgh nan adgh ala kara maka nd wa, ma na njik na nke a onwe ha,
nke mere na any na otherworldly unit na continuo nwere ike na a n'akk.
The akporo maka r ma mmepe nke maara nd b naan agh bna n'ihu,
mannigfaltigerer na freer kara na ebe a na nd, ma nwoke site omnipresence na
omnipotence nke Chineke kpaliri nso site n'otu nzkw; nile nke any n'ezie si nd

n'dnihu chr, ma vermchten ma na bilitere ahu ochie ma o rukwara na etheric

ah iji nweta, ebe b na any nwere nan a shortening kama ndt nke ochie g
n'lnga n'ikpe-azu.
Ma b ka any kwesr ezigh ezi, na nd mgbe a nwsr okirikiri itinye aka any
nwere n'wa na onye bla z, d ka nke a nwere ike ime ibe nnyonye anya, akpafu
akpafu, mgbagwoju anya ma b bna a eruba nke individualities bilie. -Enwegh
ka any na-akpkukwa ntnyere j okporo nkws, b ezie na kpr nke otu naala n'ihi na ihe ndabere nke d ad wezga nan fundamentally mejuptara, d ka n'ihi
na nke a n'akk, any ejiri obi any kpmkwem eziokwu na any mkpofu.
N'ezie, oku, na hapr any na nna nna echiche, l r, na osisi gbat n'ime
mmetta ya na any; kama na any ga-amakwa jijiji n'amagh ama, ma nke aka any
budata n'ihu zlite onwe any, imughari; any ga-n'ezie na uz z mgbe niile naamalite n'isi na ihe any na-enweta site n'aka ha okokre kpamkpam ma b naezugh ezu. Ma nke ah adgh agbanwe, any nwere ike iche kpara nke nd nke
nwr anw n'ahh na nsh nke nwr anw ma b. Any ga-bgh chere na ha
aka na any, gn mere ha ga imehie ihe nd; ha ga-enweta tt ihe nd z ke zutere
na any abgh Fort ndokwa site any, nke na-eme ka ha mmepe.
bna na nke a b naan mgbasa na nkwalite nke ihe any na-ama-ah nke a
n'akk na any onwe any. N'ezie, na echiche nd uche ziri ezi-angide na gehends
ohere na-echeta, nke onwe ha naan si nk ihe mma nd, a mitbestimmend; na
mgbe ah z. B. ekekta na uz nke udi nke a nwoke na-eme any ihu ma d nn a
yi ntp, dum ptara ka mmad, any na-ah l na osisi, ofri ptara otu n'ime naewu on olu nd na- okwu ptara okwu 2) . Kama ebu ma echiche site hr bla onu
nke ha ime, na-aga n'ihu mkpebi siri ike na mmepe nke ebe nchekwa nd na-enwegh
na-eme nke inyerta nnyonye anya, nd na-awaghar na mgbagwoju anya b okwu.
2)

abata ebe a na IX. Ngalaba nke "tupu aesthetic".

ma ihe ha na-amas any na-echeta ha mgbe niile nghta - ma elegh anya

gbaghara cross-efeghar efeghar gb oloko na br any - kama ime ka ha
vasatail nzuk na any dkara ala nwere ike soro geistigerseits, interweave si ot
echiche na echiche, na-enwegh ihe ala nd kwesr ekwes mmeputakwa ha na
mmekrta ha na ndapta nke adkwa ya. A kwekr ekwek otito nke ah niile nd
n'dnihu naan na elu uche any nwere ike d ka mma na-at anya bu ihe mgbagwoju
anya ok gba nke nd na-ekere k n'otu n'otu nd z ya okirikiri.
na-ekwu banyere: ugboro ugboro na ihe at nke otherworldly alaeze na ala-eze
any na-echeta. Banyere any si ma ebe nd n'dnihu b na-egwu, ma bgh mgbe
bla tnyere n'aka on a ebe nchekwa nd na-ah. Gn ka any ga-an nke ma
finely na artistically meptara br mgbe ozu ya agagh mkpa h mmezu na
nchekwa nke echeta, bna na-isi nke a meptara iche echiche nd. Ugbu a b
bna na-enwe a elu na baa garanya meptara ebe nchekwa n'gb n'ime any tinye
na nw, ka any na-h na b nan nd z ugbu a, narrower, ala kagburu.

Ma m na-ekwu, ya mere, ezi ma jiri nlezianya na a br nwere ike gbasaa, kama

d, meptara site Church, ala, sayens, nk, azmaha na ahia, awuasara na nd
ezinl wa, site na puku na puku z, gbala, gb mmiri, akwkw akwkw
ozi, na-aga okwu, a ukwuu baa garanya na nd z kaibe nzuk d ka otu br,
site gnyere nwekwara niile br na ebe nchekwa ak nke br onwe ha. Ma a
br nwere nn nan otu ndokwa, ka nkpuru, na-amanye ya nke finer dd nke a
ka ibu, baa garanya n'okpuru nye naha nke narrower na ibu. N'ihi na ihe bla
so mee diesseitigem nsh n'ihi mmba nke ibu nzuk, ga-ab na otherworldly
nsh nwere n'uche na zlite n'okpuru z n'ozuzu na nd z na nd nke nd
mgbe a nwsr on.
zkwa ma ghara imehie ihe na nd d ot ah na-eto imerime nwr na otu l
r na mmetta nke ha so kpata n na-ekere k na nkt na-; onye bla nwere ma
n'echiche z, z nkeji iri na ise, d ka ntziaka nke nd z na-akk nke ya, na nke
bla, ngkta echekwara ya n z nd z. Ee, naan ot a b were ya ot nke
mere tt nd na-successively mr nd a na-enwe ebe z. Otu wa b ihe niile
nkt onwunwe, ma onye bla na z nd z, n'echiche d iche kara nd z.
Wider h any ke akpatre, kama circumscribed ideological d nke ugbu a ahu na
n'okpuruala nke nd n'dnihu na-enwegh fd k, ugbu a n'ihi na An-nsinammuo
na-eche echiche na-apgh ghta, ot pr b na ihe na nke a wa d ka n'n ibe
ude, intercommunication na edemede g n'lnga na-ekele sensations nke mara mma
na hnanya, na nd ya ga-akws a bara uru ma na efu na-eri nke elu uru ga na d
ok n aha ot obi nwere ike ch na n'aka a z ozugbo na vasatail-ren okporo
z na nd na-agha gha nime ya.Ma m chere na , d ka na-ama otk na mb
obere, o yikarr ka nw onwe ya, onye-echegbu adgh ime, ma na-gbatr na nke
a, ihe na-egosi na nke a n'akk furu efu gabiga na ba z okt; site na-amas m nanso n'wa a na nd. N'ihi nke a, Ot d, nd na-eson akk ka n ekwegasr.
The an ah n'ibu nke dabere na ebe nchekwa nke n gg nke a nd ma b
nwr anw na br, nke a n gg pr bna agaghkwa nwere; Kama nke
ah, b na ha na-akpa nn na udi na ajj ka kwere, naan na search, ka ha we
ogologo oge gara aga, we si n'ebe a picture n'uche ihe a n gg nwere, na-aga
n'ihu na-aga na ihe nd z na iji nke na-amalite isi ihe nd nwere 3) . Ya b, nd udi
nke oyiyi-enwetara na ebe nchekwa ka na-aga n'ihu, o sina d, na radiate site n'otu
dd ihu akwara tt photos, nke mere na mmetta nke ya, na nke zuru ike naecheta na adgide mgbagwoju anya. All na-ewe b ka a mata site na ngwakta nke
ihe nd a, ebe nchekwa nke otu n'ime nd a ihe oyiyi si nd z na nsh, a kpachaara
anya ntziaka nke uche na nt ma b s omume underway any Association
echiche, ma b onye ozo excitation ka. -Apgh ghta, onye pr ikwu nke a
nwere ime ka nd kas iche iche na-echeta karsa maara n'ihi na ha na nd ma na
br mix 4) . Ma nke b eziokwu b na any, ot ahkwa ka ohiha-apgh ghta
translucent eziokwu site ntnyere na na na Fort gwgw site na-ike-ad karr. N'ihi
na ihe nwere na-elekta nke a Fort gwgw nke b nke okwu ah, ma br na
d ad d ka a eziokwu.
3)

Eziokwu ah b na nd a Filiks na-asla n'agbanyegh na ha gbasara ohere

Fort ndt ke udi nke mb image-adabere, r ka adgh ya na, na--atle site a

z n'ozuzu si ele ihe anya na 22 ngalaba na tr ntala synechologischen
kpr. bna echiche nke na-enye ihe oyiyi ah d anya na-adabere nd
bgh naan na ihe nd d retina on nke foto na-enye nkwa ya, ma dum
oscillation gb okporo gw na-aga site n'otu ihe nke retina ime ime-agba
synechologisch na dd nke amalite n, na nd d n'ime na oku site na agbata
obi ihe radiations dd dum image of Central isi ka kama na ihe site na br
na-enwu gbaa ebe nchekwa nke ihe oyiyi ah. dgh ihe z a yiri ka ihe nan'ezie ihe omume nke psychophysical onodi m now.
4)

The comprehensibility ga-enweta ihe bla site n'ikwu na e chere nn nap

ihe echeta ihe onwunwe nd; site mgbe ah omimi gw ma n'uche naanchite anya otu eziokwu ga-inweta. Na mberede, Kama na-enweta a
detachment nke echeta ihe nd. fd clues na-imaginability nd a
mmekrta na-enyere na na-atle n'isiokwu na-2nd mgbakwunye na njedebe.

N'ezie, any ga-enwe ike na-eche nd na radiations na-ahta ka otu any anya n'd
n'oge nd, na njik na nd z na Fort mmetta, nd b nd na ime mm alaeze, ka
egosipta mb d, ma br na ihe kwesr ekwes mgbe, iji mee ka ha tinye nsh,eme, nakwa nd a adgh ama ebe nchekwa nke kpmkwem n gg. D nn ka
na any n'akk a d mkpa iji na-akp a kpmkwem udi na n'uche na a mmachi ihe
oyiyi nke a udi na a ihe onwunwe anya d ka kwesr - na b zuru ezu na achr
kpara na n'oge ha pr iche Rckrufung na any d ka - ga-ab na otherworldly
alaeze n'ihu ncheta. The mm ga-enwe ike h na ya na mb n'd, enwegh nwere a
ole na substantive anya na ya, br na ha na-ekpe ikpe ebumnuche ma b h ha
na okporo z s oge maka ya. Ugbu a, a mgbidi ma b nd gbasara ohere anya
igbochi na m na-ah nd z. Mgbochi nke d agaghkwa d ke ime mm n'ogo d
ichiiche ebe nchekwa; ekwu okwu airy, nd otherworldly gg anya, peep Ugbu a,
lee, ugbu a na-egosi ebe na-akpku site a demgemen oge; azlite onwe ya ma
ama na-eche banyere phenomena nke otherworldly mm na. Ma, e nwere ot obere
mgbe nile na-efu on mgbochi ime mm d ka n'ebe a na ebe nchekwa
alaeze; magbuo onwe ma na-echeta onwe ya naan na nnabata nke iwu nke
mkpakrta na-emepta; na na psychological iwu nke wa a na ihe a ma b niile
banyere nke nd nwere ihe jikr na dabara kwekr, d ka nd nd tinyere ab
ekweta.
Otu nwere ike j, s: ma mmad ogugu dgas site na nwata ka af; Agbanwe dd
ihu, taa, n gg ah ya, nakwa ot echi uwe. Gn d, ihe uwe ga-adta nd d na
nd mgbe a nwsr. Azza ya b nn mfe: d ka nd, bla, naan na bgh d
nn ka otu ama na-emetta ozugbo, site na-echeta nke kemmeeme udi na uwe nke a
onye na wa a; nakwa na ha ga-adgh mkpa ngide na-agbanweghi agbanwe; ama
n'akuku gbanwe ebe nchekwa na n gg na-agbanwe site mmetta nke pr
ichet n'echiche.
Iji maa at m ga-ugboro-agwa a keugwu akk, nke m site m now ogologo nwr,

nd enyi SHT Mller, n'oge gara director nke Secondary School na Wiesbaden, a
kr, na-enwegh na-egbochi na, na n'akwkw nke nke na-ekwu okwu, naan a nke
onye m anya ar nr ah, b ezie na ihe nd z nwere ike h ya.
D ka Mller b nne nne nwr, nwa ya nwaany, na nne ya, bgh mgbe ha
nwr n ya, ya agagh enwe ike j banyere eziokwu na ha ahbegh otu oge
ikpeaz; The echiche emekpa ya ehihie na abal, ha wee, d ka ha na-ekwu, fr nke
nta otu. Otu abal ugbu a d ka a nd elu-amr anya na bed, na chch na ma hr
nne ya otu ugboro z tupu dara, z we nweta niile mkpr obi ha, ha na mberede
hr h onu site na n'oge na-adgh ekwu na n gg nke a na-eto eto onye putara,
ha amatagh na mb. Ma n'oge na-adgh o doro anya na nne ya aghagh dwo ka ya
kas elu ntoju ntoroba. Ozugbo ama ya a na-abata zuru nsh, ot ah n gg nke
nd na-eto eto girl okrede; ma n'oge na-adgh ada itie esie nne-ya n'ile ya anya d ka
ha na n'ezie hr d ka a na nwa ah, ma nke a dd mere ma a at ebe nne ya jr d
ka b mgbe hr otu ihe ah na nke ikpeaz ya. Mgbe ah ihe niile okrede na
nwere ike na-eme ihe bla reemergence. Si hour ka nne-ya bu nway na natara
kpamkpam z hr nd.
Akk nke ghosts, e nwere na-mara buru ibu, nd na-collections nke nd d ot ah
na nd d ot ah obi ab banyere ezu. Enwegh m n'ebe a n'otu ma b ab uche
ziri ezi na-anabata ya, ga-, m naan a entstammend d ka a karsa pr dabere na isi
iyi, tinye aga akk ihe mere eme, n'ihi na ihe at, ma n'ezie, kama a, d phenomena
na ajj, ha nk ajj n'ihi na mgbe ha kwa-ekpebi. Dr. Rte, nwr d ka a
prfes nke ophthalmology na Leipzig, otu nwoke nke na uz z atghi na a nn
Rationalist l akwkw echiche na ha kweere na omimi ihe, mgbe gwara m na
b ya ma bna na-eson ihe a kr akk ya eyi, nwere.
Mgbe ka n Gttingen, o mesoro m nwaany ab b nd tara ahh si na
oriri. Ha guzoro n'ebe ibe unu ihe bla na-enwe mmekrta, ma, onye ogbugbo ya
ha nkt dkta, ebe nd ha na otu ahh nwere ike na-a nyere ibe mmas bla
z; ha jr dkta onye bla z mgbe ah ike ya ma kelee onye bla z mgbe
ha zutere. Nke nta nke nta na-aka nj nd nke ab, d ka Rte otu tt wee onye
b ozugbo na mb d iche iche. Nwere obere nnk na nd ikwu, gara ozugbo ka
nd ra nd z, nd ikwu ha, d na kas ukwuu t. Onye ra nwere n'ezie nan
dd nke onye ah nwr anw nwere ihe ya ihe ha na-akp anya ihe rba ama nke
ha n'isi nso nw, nke mere n'oge na-adgh.
b na-ala ugbu a na-enye phenomena nke d na onwe g ma l b ikpebi ma nd
site n'aka br na ma na-anwgh ndiiche ihe nke pr ichet n'echiche na atumatu
olu ka n na-abgh wa gabiga, ma b na-ar r site n'z wa site abnormally
eme ahha nke d nd na ma b ma ma banyere na-agba s n'ime onye bla z
ma b dabere n'ihe yiri;any nn ma enwegh ozizi nd d ot ah abnormalities,
nke b ihe bla ikpe; ma any chr ch a aidia tnyere nnukwu na obere ebe
nchekwa n'gb, any ga-echefu na any obere alaeze bgh nan echeta ezigbo d e
gg, ma fantasy nye kpara n si tt echeta eme ee niile akk nwere ike
chepta romanhaft. Na-eme ka a priori cheta na na ngwa anya mmeghar anya na
Luggebilde abnormalerweise d ka ghosts na-egwu n'wa a, ma na otu nwere ike

adaka na-eduhie eduhie na mendacious nzr.

Facts nke gara aga umu, ma br na ha nwere ike mgbe a ga-ewere d ka nd d
ot ah, mettara na a nnukwu ebe nke z eziokwu na-dikot d ot ah, a na-akp
spiritualist, n, ma b kama onwe ha na-etolite a akk hereof, whereupon ka na
otu nke ikpeaz ngalaba (XXIII) glaghachi; -adgh ala abatakwa na-akp.
somnambule na mpaghara na-na na gburugburu, ihe ebe a b fd okwu.
Na nke a kpmkwem ka otherworldly aza nd gburugburu nke nd na-n'of ama
mettara, e nwere ike iche na mgbe fd ma b abnormally overlaps bna n'oge
now nd aza n'ebe onye nke z, na b nso, somnambulistic nche n'okpuru nd a
na-isi ihe, d ka na-ama mere na uz z tt ugboro kara n'otu ra tt nd akk
nke nkt m ra. D ka pr h-adgh cha edemede ke nd gnyere, ma naan otu
onye d n'etiti ebe a na nd cross n'ihi na somnambulistic ee ma n'ezie ka na-adgide
nd n'wa a na wa iga ejikwara site nd z. Na tt z ihe bla beifllt mfe,
na-enwegh m aka ebe a iji bgh mix nge undoubted n'okpuru Ojiji, a ga-kwara d
ot ah spillover na na na ya-echeta na somnambulistic nche, nke na nkt N'ezie, na
a gara aga somnambulistic nche mere na na any, ma na nkt abgh ihe
somnambulist; n'ihi na mgbe e mesr nwere ike nd oge ochie na, ma bgh
Anglkan na-echeta; dnaya nke nd z gburugburu ma b n'ihi ihe d ugbu a,
bgh agbara.
di ka a ga-ozokwa guzosie echiche ma br na-adgh ama a na-abanye n'ime
Game otherworldly ji ha si na-emekar nke mere iju nr nke nkt ra, nakwa ma
br bgh na-ehi ra mgbe niile nn chawapr, ebe nchekwa n'wa a ma na ugbu
nd na-erugh inweta edemede nke Beyond-ewe ebe, nd miri na-ehi ra; ra na m
nke wa a mere n ndu n'etiti aza na-ehi ra na nd, ma nw ga na-ab isi nke
kwsr na-ekwe omume nke na-alaghachikwa wa nche ebi. Ma onye chr ikpebi
ajj nd a; ya mere, ka any ghara ichewe ajj nhr n'akk a.
Gn ka a pr kwuru megide echiche na-ele somnambulistic nche bna d ka a ele
mmad anya n'ihu edemede nke nd, b onye ah, b ezie na tt mgbe nke
somnambulistic banyere nd nd d nd nwere ma obere ibe nkpasu-iwe, n'ozuzu
nke kediegwu agwa , na nke yiri enwe mmetta nke a n'akk ugbu a echiche adgh
anya mgbe nke a ma b na, natara. Ka dgod, any agatgh eleghara, bna na
ebe a na Ofesi mmekah nke nd na-achgh ka-ad mfe na-akwa na okwu nke
wa a, na emezugh na ihe mma banyere ihe ma b obere interspersed na nd d
iche iche echiche na-erughar Beyond n'of nwere ike b n'ihi na ee nd
somnambulistic nche bna wa ka retains k. Ya mere, pr bata play site na otu
n'ime nd z echiche, ga-esi nkwa n'okpuru nd d ot ah ndiiche na nd
bla bara uru banyere ihe na mpaghara otu ma b nke z nwere ike sere onwe
ya.N'eziokwu, i laghachi ya, na eche ma br na g onwe g na-(bgh site echeta
nke nkt nche) sii mma nyere site na somnambulist nke nd wa a, ruo n'k nd
nke somnambulistic ala, d cha coincident, ihe mma zuru ezu banyere nd nke
wa a ga-esi: N'ezie.
Nkwa nke isi. V. 5
A ije nwere ike na-emezugh ji mata na ya atghata onwe ya ka a ukwuu ma b

kar akk na d z nke ije, nwere obere na mmeghar, ha zutere na nke z na-aj,
ekewet ke ntughari site na otu usoro z hr ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike. N'ihi ya ije
nke hama b mmetta na igwe anvil n'z d ukwuu na Erzitterungen The Anvil ka
nke mgba si ya n'ihu, dum igwe anvil ma na-ejide na a ije n'echiche nke ujo, adru
mmetta mmetta propagates-ya n'ala , z, onye imperceptibly obere kwes
vibrations nke uzuoku na ji esi mmiri k edoziri na akk ka ibu-ah anya
mmeghar nke ntmad na-agba s nke dum igwe, enwegh ike gwgw na. Ndi
ikpe analogous ka now kptr ezi j vibrations na-ebu nd ime mm any,
omume nke uche ruo n'k fd na muscle contractions nke na-omume any nan'z, ma na-enwegh agw ike onwe g na ya site na ya onwe ya physiologically
ptara na ruo n'k fd na -angide na bna Erzitterungen nke uru ah na
weputara na, site ike ahu ukwu mkpi, nyefee mpga mmeghar na-ala na n'z; n'ihi
na ihe o chere banyere ya az. E wezga ma aghagh, bna ma br na onye naeche ndr ma b n nr, ezi j vibrations, nke b isiokwu nke uche nke Filiks,
nway nway, na-eji nway na-adgh ah anya mgba na ugboro ole, mejuptara
na disassembly usoro d ka ha na-adapta internally, gabiga nwoke; n'ihi na ot obere
nwere ike a thermal ma b da vibration-mkpr a Capsule, bla karr d bla
nke vibration; zkwa ga-ab iju, mgbe ya, d nn chta ngaghar nke siri ike,
mmiri mmiri na aeriform, nke any nwere ike Chpta ebe ahu n'z ha naan a n'z
ihe n nwoke. br na nd oscillatory mmeghar, ma nke ponderable ma b
imponderable, any na-apgh soro ya,-angide tr at ya, any ga-d nn naan ike
achso karr. Ma, d ka nd ibu mmeghar na itinye aka na any af ofufo omume ah
n mpga ot ji mmetta na r nke iche iche iche iche na-emepta nke na-adgh ala
nke ha mode nke si malite, ha na njik na ha disassembly usoro dika si malite, na
onodu, na disassembly usoro nke causal mmeghar -adabere na any onwe any, d kaadgh ah anya b ihe karr any yiri mmeghar, na nd d ot ah udi na njik na a
aka, nd mgbe echebekwa ya agwa d ka b, sghar ka n'z wa, na hr
ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike darzubieten therethrough.
Mgbakwunye na Cape. XII.
Ya mere mgbagwoju anya ike na-egosi ime ka ihe d iche iche na-echeta karsa nansh, n'agbanyegh na ha na nd mingle na br, ma nwere ike b na nd naeson dee a d ihe at na-egosi na-ekwe omume nke na-emeri ha; b ezie na ha
abgh ya, ya mere, na-ekwu okwu nke a na nkwupta.
Ka any na-eche banyere nd esenidt akwkw ozi, ot nd d ot ah naakawanye mgbe fd, bna mgbe ogologo-ya, na-elegh anya bna ma a kwara
na diagonal, bgh nan site Cross nke epupta, ma na perpendicular setpr e
nyere ahr na zpta ohere akwkw ozi mfe. The edoghi gbat site bla z ebe
a, d ka any na-eche na-echeta na-aptagh h armr kwadoro taa, ma e wezga
na edoghi na-anchi anya ebe a voraussetzlich site efeghar efeghar gb oloko nke
oscillations na ah na-mmeghachi d ot ah.Ugbu a, n'akwkw ozi nd d na, ruo
n'k fd, n'ezie, naan nd obi-ankwa j n'atgh Soro edoghi igbochi, ogologo
na o kwere omume na diagonal, buru na anya-aga ot a; ma nke a anya nwere ike
externally, nwere ike na-internally. N'ezie, g akwkw ozi ga-ad mfe ma br
na dee nd d iche iche directional edoghi na d iche iche acha ink, na ihe nd z,

ga-ab ikpe ma br na onye na German, na nd z n na-ede nke ah d na Latin,

nke at na akwkw Grik; kwekr ekwek iche na-na-efeghar efeghar gb oloko
d iche iche oge na dd nke vibrations ka n ekwegasr. N'okpuru concurrence nke
ndrta iche d ot ma nwekwara ike na-eche na bna gb oloko nke vibrations naachso N'otu z ah, nwere ike ok, na N'ezie ga-egwu meptara na ya iche mgbe
ukpuru nke a br any kara na a akwkw ozi.
O nwere ike a jr na any, na-agagh aghta ma b ebe nchekwa site na nt na
ebuktala components a tt nd mejuptara agba vibration na-abgh a nyere n'k
nke retina ime ime. Ma okwu a putara ike ghara d ire nd dokwara fd eziokwu na
m m na-echeta onyinyo nke Sistine na holbeinischen Madonna na tt ihe nd z
nd na-penetrated site na otu akwara ozi, iche iche, ie nwet ibe ha nwere ike na-akp
n'ime nsh. Ugbu a ihe d iche n'etiti ab ikpe? N'ezie, na agba vibrations na-aga
site n'otu retinal ihe si successively site n'otu akwara ozi, na-anchie ba nsh site na
ebe nchekwa z, mgbe nd na na na-agba s site n'otu retinal ihe, bna n'otu oge,
ma si ot ah nwere nn onye-erukwa na ebe nchekwa. D ka kamakwa mb ma
br na mmetta nke e mesr na-ewere nd agba vibrations n'ime mb niile
metere ka ngide na-ada n'ime ya, na d iche iche Mmeri ma ikpe dkara ala ihe
enigmatic.
Mmetta nke uche na-emet, ot e nwere ike d nnwale mr psychophysical
usoro n'ihi na nd a psychophysical onodi; ma dgh mkpa ebe a iji abanye na ya,
n'ihi na b naan eziokwu nke ir nke anya na niile.
Nke Iri na At. Banyere mediation nke n'ozuzu na elu nd ime mm na dd.
Indisputably e nwere maka nd kas mkpa ka a tlee mmekrta nke Chineke d ka
Mm ma b site ya ime mm nye mm mmad echiche; bna ma br na
ga-mkpa aha Chineke na a uche, n'ihi na dd zuru oke nke nile d ad (cf ..
Kap.X.3.), na n'ihi na okpukpe b ihe bla ikpe mmas nke na-elele naan site na
nke a na peeji nke. Ma br na ma mmekah nke Chineke d ka ihe mmad bu
n'uche ka ihe wa na-, mgbe niile nwere ike b bna mgbe ajj a; na brhaala
na Day maka okpukpe ha, dd ihu, n'akk tinyeworo chch na ha na-mmekah
nke Chineke spirit okike na njik na n'akwkw ozi nd ah mmad. Mgbe nke a
ugbu a na mb (Kap.V. 2) mere na nkwanye gw nke sensory anya kala, ga-eme
bna gbat chptara nakwa na elu ime mm ubi, any maara naan banyere ah
pr isi chta nke elu na ike iche echiche eme onwe any; n'ihi na pr b ma d
ka usoro nke Day naan ihe inyme na ime ikiri edinam si ebe a. Ot d ah nwere
ike ugbu a, nke mere ka dkara ala ihe any n'ezie na-eche banyere nke a mediation,
a ga-ebu pta ebe a na fd nd z echiche ebe na-enwegh Andrs ar na ya kara
iji gosi na filament nke traceability nke mmekrta any mere ihe ka ayi si na nke a
anagh akwa. Nwere ike a z meptara psychophysics amalite isi ihe nd na-elele
d iche iche na-ah, ha ga-, n'ezie site n'onwe ya na-aga n'ihu spinning d iche
iche. Itunanya izute eweta onwe ha ebe a budata echiche tinyere nd nke gara aga
ngalaba. Chineke na nd mgbe a nwsr na-now ozugbo n'ebe bla na otu
akwukwo.

The akk nke uche ziri ezi na nke any mpga omume na-swinging site
intersecting na iche iche ji ekpuchi tracks ije, n'ihi na na-ngidere na-enwe ma naakwara ozi, njik, na-adgh any ji nwee br; na ihe nile nwere gg isi ihe
omume nd na-gafere na echiche, any ga-angide na onye ogbugbo ya na
mgbagwoju anya interplay nke mmeghar ke a b isi akk nke ihe onwunwe any na
nd ime mm. bgh ha ghara iji nke a mediation d ka unilateral conditionality
nke mm ns ebe ahu; n'ihi na ihe bla karr a echiche na-enwegh ihe odide
game ihe onwunwe r na br, nwere ike egwuregwu a, d ka b, na-enwegh naaba na-eche banyere. nd nke ala na elu iji n'agbata an ah mmeghar nwere ike
chere na nke nd d ot ah echiche ije ikwu na conditionality. More anya pr isi
nn ikwu banyere ya. Ma ugbu a niile br na kpakpando nile nwere otu ugboro
z na otu kpr swinging site intersecting na ji ekpuchi tracks ije njik, a naenwegh tangle nke a mmeghar nwere ike ebili n'oge any d elu n'usoro, ot ha si
etinye n'of n'wa na n'wa ihe na-na eluigwe na mpaghara, n'ihi na dgh ije nwere
ike ga na any onwe any na-enwegh mgbasaozi ruo n'z na a na-aga n'ihu mmetta
na-ar na nd z ah zigara z n'ebe ah, bgh n'wa ebe ike n'ihu na-enwegh
ihe ga nke ma na-ach ka ebido airwaves na na karr na, na ugbu -eme otu ihe ka a
elu ndisn idem. Physics N'ezie soro bgh ihe karr nd d mfe da na h mmiri na
ebili mmiri site ezigbo ikuku na-eji ire t ether; ma ikuku na Eta b, n'ezie, dgh
lar, ma manifold ji ekpuchi na mgbagwoju anya vibrations, d ka any br. Bla
nzkw, kwa ogbugbu, okwu nile bla, bla anya nke a nwoke, na onye bla
nke ime-ya atughar propagated Erzitterung solves otu n'ime ha dabere oscillating ma
b ife-d ka ije na wa nd mmad si na sitere n'aka nd, nke nd ikom nd z na
n'agbanyegh gara aga nd wa mmeghar aka; na iji na interweaving nke mmeghar
ke owo onwe ya nwere ike b ihe z ezi uche, kara n'z, n'ihi na ee, ihe nke ya na
ya na e wezga ya e na-aga, na-ebilite n'ihe banyere na ibe nduzi, esnede ma naamalite. Ma n'ime l na ya, a yiri unyi anagh agbasa tangle nke an ah mmeghar
na radiate site bla z; Ma ihe mgbagwoju anya b ebe a ka e nan n'ihi na nd naabgh,-atle aka nke ego, bgh onwe ha penetrating ya doo anya, spirit. N'ihi na
b ezie na b d ka ma unexplained, dka Mm-amalite site na ngwakta nke d iche
iche na n gg na site n'otu akwara, na d iche iche okwu na-penetrated site na otu
auditory akwara n'd vibrations na bchagh na ha Mgbasa site na br nwere
agwakta, ma na-ewu a n'gb nke doro anya na-echeta na echiche (lee isi nke 12
na.); ma nke b eziokwu b n'ime, bkwa nwere ike si.
A d iche nke d n'ime site n'z b n'ezie eziokwu na nzuk nke br nammeghar n'ime anya n'z na-akziri ah a chtara na-aga site mezuo iwu si
n'ebe. Ma ikpe ka ayi si naan a priori fd a na ugbu a kara mmachi mmepe nke
elu nd ime mm mgbe wa banyere any. Okporo z nile nke ije n'z ma naadgh nn aghtabegh, ma site eke na-aga n'ihu mmepe nke nd ptara na alaeze
n'wa na karr nke a site n'iguzobe dum elu-igwe na naan ihe z k. Na n'ime ma
n'z eweta, nke nke na-adabere na Transitional oge, na ije mgbanwe, mmetta nke
mmeghar onwe ha na oge; br nke onye okenye b ihe z kara ihe na nwa na
wa now onye z kara oge ochie ala. Ya mere, ihe niile ihe d iche na nke a b nan
ikwu, niile ma na ihu ma nke a nwere efe, wider na elu mmepe nke nd ime mm

n'wa, d ka na any, nd akk nke wa.

Vermissest g ugbu a n'z Central ganglia bl nke br g, i nwere maka
luminous d na mbara igwe na g onwe g na ganglion bl n'ime; gnkwa ka na
mkpa na mmeghar na-abgh kegide dgh protein filaments, nd gba t h doo
n'z na-akpali p na nke ab site tt puku kilomita, mgbe ya gara n'ihu
umengw sneaks n'ime g iwe 1) . b a mwepu na-emegide g? The Great na-adgh
bgh ekpeghachi obere, dum nke akk, na d ka na-anchi ka a n'wa mgbe d
mkpa uwe-ya adwara na-agnye ot ah ga-creep n'ime ya na onye bla doo nke
h, d ka na, na obere Bruchstckchen wa , Ha na-ach Chineke ghara
anthropomorphize, na o atuaha mara ya n'oge nile nke elu-igwe ike kt, n'ihi na na
o doro anya na mmad nkt h ya na ya.
1)

The (excitation nke a akwara na nd d nd nwoke propagates nke ab site

na-erugh 200 kw p.

Na-ebu ihe oyiyi nke-ekwek n'gw a akk nke ihe ya onwe ya, na-akwa niile
tangible ruru, ot eche Echiche a eriri, nke Site n'ibu ha vibrations ka ikuku; niile
ndido urk nke a violin ma b b akwara na-eme ya niile violin na ub-akwaraeme ya; na ihe nile ebunye ha vibrations ka otu ikuku. The elu aka nke nd vibrations
site nzuk ha n'elu ndido urk, violin, une, flutes, wdg na-enwekwu, ya mere na elu
tonal mmekrta nr egwuregwu; ma vibrations ga-gbat n'of onye ndido urk,
n'onwe ya na-enye ha enwegh kwekr na otu ngw dgh nchkta egwu; a naagnye nd ukem ini nke vibrations banyere ha. The e kere eke na e kere eke nke
kpakpando na-ngw site n'n nke na, dum nke ihe d nd na-ach, Weltgeist kpere a
game onye sensashion du ke ngw onwe ha, ruo n'k ha na-enye onwe ha na ya
zckgreift nke andersher n'ime ya 2) mgbe b nan ya kpamkpam zuru n'otu oge d
ka b na ngw na na niile, ugbu a chtara na-kas na general, kas elu na ikpeaz
mmekrta.
2)

Kwa ngw ya b na ada da nke egwuregwu na bgh kwa anya z naadgh ike na, ma kacha mma b nan nd da na nd yiri nd nke pr iwetara
ya onwe g, mettara.

elegh anya ptara, nwere gg isi ihe ubi ma ihe banyere ihe na mpaghara na-,
nke a nwere ike na-ekweta na nke ihe analogous ma b dabere n'ihe mettara; ie
onwe onye na-egosipta, nke b gg isi kara onwe ya. Any na-eche, na-eche ihe,
na ike na-eche, ka ihe ezi uche bna na elu mee anya any a. br n'ebe bla,
ebe a b ebe ihe ime mm ebe ebili unu kpamkpam site na ihe onwunwe. fn, e
nwere ihe bla na ihe mmad bu n'uche ihe onwunwe nd ma b mediation
gbapr, na-n'of z mgbap-ya nile; ma gn mere kacha mma na-eche nke ime
mm onwe onye na-egosipta, d ka ha nwere ike d na a ihe onwunwe n'otu oge ha
echiche na ha na-akwado; ee ebe naan okwu ah nke ime mm, br na bgh

site tnyere onye nke ihe onwunwe. br na a nsh-am ihe onwunwe usoro nd,efebiga onwe ya, ga-mmas thereto gg isi ya anya d ka adgh ama.N'ebe nile,
Ot d, ebe ihe Eta, ikuku ma b mmiri efeghar efeghar na-apta h az n'ime
onwe ya, otu onye nwere a ihe onwunwe ma b nke an ah onwe echiche. Obere
na nnukwu gb oloko iche site na wa, na br maka nzube nke bch ele dum
nke an wa na-a echiche nd n d ma agafe any na mm nke wa, na ihe nile
nd mm na Chineke spirit na-emechi, n'ihi ya, bkwa an ah onwe echiche na a
psychological ptara, nke any ugbu a d nn ike h ihe bla nd z kara nke
iche echiche onwe onye na-egosipta. D ka o nwere ike b na ma a n n'ime ma
n'z, an ah onwe echiche naan ga gafere a fr tupu na-agh maara nke iche
echiche. Wee na-mikwuo na o kwere omume n'agb ebe a, ala nke ugbu a ihe mma
agagh ekwe.
Ofri tangle nke vibrations, bara mmeghar, kpmkwem na-egosipta mmeghar
n'ozuzu ihe niile az n'ime wa na-aga az, obe na weptara z, ma e nwere onye na
unbreakable otu, General,-apgh gbanwe agbanwe, ihe niile n'ebe kas na oge na
ogologo n'ime nkt soro na mb (Jehovovch. 3. 10) e kwuru, nke b odu ke kpukpru
ebiet iwu niile ihe, na a ihe niile externally-is-ns, nke b ohere na oge onwe ya. a
h doo nwere ike, d ka ngwa ngwa d ka na-eje, ma otu puku af mkpa kwaga si
kpakpando a na n'ime ime obodo na ndi ssara na n'etiti n'akk niile, na-adgh anya
na-ebe b ozugbo. Ma iwu, nke a doo, na iwu, nke na-eso kpakpando onwe-ha na
ha nke ma, ebe a n'otu oge na e nwere taa, d ka b site na mgbe ebigh ebi na gaebi. Okporo osisi nwere ike dum nwere oke ohere na oge, na-apgh gabiga
enweghi ngwcha ohere na enweghi ngwcha oge, na ihe niile na-gbaktara maka
mm nke na-enwegh nst nke ike, ohere maka oke anya Airborne, n'ihi na nwere
oke ebe nchekwa emeny ya emeny oge ya fd ihe mma na chch ya naachkwa, osobo na penetrates.
Ka dgod, b nd, d ka k mmta okpukpe, mbelata dgh mkpa ka ihe isi nke
uche na-eche echiche gabiga onwe ha a Chineke spirit ka ihe wa, na-ekwesgh
itinye aka na echiche d ka nd z, gosi Chineke nwere ike b ya mere ; naan ach
ke n'z doro anya n'wa mgbe nzkw ya d ngosi.
XIV. Iji teleology.
(Esemokwu echiche na ihe kwesr ekwes n'aka kere eke na e kere site a maara
ihe bu eze, na echiche nke a kpworo site n'otu amagh ihe bla kee ihe nd e
kere eke. Site Darwin na mkpochapu nzube kpr.)
na-emetta nd na-eson ajj: b expedient n'n nd e kere eke na nke d ebe a
maara kere ihe ma b onkonshiosli-eke n'okike iso? Otu ajj na-aba nd z
n'ozuzu ajj: a chr mgbe niile banyere nakwere a maara kere na nchekwa na
wa? N'agbanyegh now bch echiche b na a tt nd chere ama iche n'ebe a
enyere nd kwesr ekwes ngwar ke ererimbot, gn mere ha ga-adgh ike dabere
na br na ha n'ezie pr inweta nkwado na ya. Ma, bkwa site na z nke naamas nd na tt nd na-eme, ka d? One-ekwu okwu d ka nke a:
All ezi uche l r, ngw r na-eweta nwoke n'akk onwe ya - Krnig akp

Industrismen - na-ach ikpebi na ngwa nke maara r ya na awara awara direction

nke otu na gwgw. Mgbe ah, ruo ahmah any na-aga, a kwesrn akwanyere
ara l b nkt amagh ihe bla na mmekrta nke ihe onwunwe agha ihe d ka a
microscope, ngw egw, pta; ot kwesr anya, ihe ngwa okwu, ma b bna dum,
a ga-chere expedient pta n'onwe ya coherent nzuk nke mmad mara. Ebe sogide a
kpmkwem lekwasr bu n'obi na-tutu amama, egwuregwu nke puru omume tiori naaptagh h b n'aghgh amalite; ma e nwere infinitely z na-ekwesgh ekwes
kara kwesr ekwes n'gwa ruru nan random na mmekrta nke agha na o kwere
omume, n'ihi ya, na ohere nke mb mgbe infinitely ukwuu. Ugbu aa na-abgh nan
na adabara akwadebegh ntule onwe-ha apgh gta n, ma dum n'z wa bkwa
na-akwanyere ha na n'z kwesr ekwes doziekwa na-akwanyere n'z wa; ot
vertrge na na a mere game of ohere. Mag ugbu a, nwere ohere nke ra na nd z
nsogbu, nke b ihe niile nke na-egosi na ad n'ihi ihe nweta d onye b ezigbo ihe
mgbaru s a chr ozugbo, ihe mgbochi na-egbochi na dd nke ihe nile, ot a mere
adgh egosi na dgh ihe na nke a e ruru, nakwa na ihe a rzuworo, a pr iruenwegh mbunobi n'ebe nzube. Kama nke ah, any na-atnyere ihe na mere, d ad
nke mmad antecedent ihe agha na nguzobe nke nd onwe ha, na ihe mmad nwere
ike tinye bna atughar na otu mmetta, n'ihi ya, dgh onye maara ot e si naenwe mmas nd ike ezu ka, na okt pta h nke na m mmad d egwu ri nne
amamihe na ike na pr inye nd mmad ike ikweta na-efe onye kere ya. The
ngwar nwere ike na-abgh maka ihe niile kwere omume nd nd di na mmad
pr izu; na ot ah ka nwoke ihe o chptara nkwenye ga-ka aka na n mgbanwe
Efrata, dabere na mgbanwe n'ike-n'ike. O nwere ike kama b naan site na-eduzi
maara ebumnuche na ya, na ot ga-enwegh enwegh bna na ya n'aka adgh bu
n'obi; ee ya adgh ama n'uche ya onwe ya b a priori a ewumewu tr ntala na ot
completes n'echiche nd d ir.
na-agbanwe ihe bla na nke a, br na any na-aga az otu site ugbu a ot
mgbagwoju anya na nzuk nke nd mmad na mfe ntule na prehistoric ugboro. Mfe
ot na-amas me ka , ma gnyere mmepe ikike maka dum ugbu a mgbagwoju anya
nzuk ebi, na otu na-apgh ime ka nd d ot ah a bara ozugbo enwegh usoro
inwoghara, laghachi na-akwanyere a ngwa ngwa zz otu z nwere tt usoromumu.
zkwa any microscopes na-adgh d ka meptara otu mgbe, d ka any nwere
taa; kama b nd na a mfe oghere b otu ihe ah Urei. Ma gradual ganihu ka e
guzobe mikroskopu nwere d ka obere nke Zutuns maara r na direction ka si ot iru
nzube,-agha, d ka mgbe mikroskopu echepta site a amamiihe artist ozugbo. The
maara r naan ikwu okwu iche ala z n'oge usoro. N'ihi ya, ga-abrr na ihe e
kere eke na mmepe nke organic e kere eke.
Nke a banyere nd gara aga na obibia. Ma onye hr ha nke ma amanyere b
iwu na pr h na? br na bgh z d ekwegh ka gwgw site ntnyere
site eziokwu nke ahmah? N'ezie, na mbrayo na akpa nwa, kk pr kpr
n'ime egg na nzube ya na ngwar site n'echegh ya eche na-eme nd e kere eke; n'ihi
na ihe na-aba n'ime play nke mm, na-egosi adgh mkpa maka muta. N'ezie,
presupposes guzobe ma a maara nne; na-b a maara gbala nd nne na nna ka ha

m m d mkpa ime ka e guzobere hr e kere eke; -enwegh onwe ya chr nke

nsh-ya-akw gw iji guzobe nke mbrayo ma b kk na kw karsa, ka
nghta na kpmkwem ndokwa nke guzobe nd hr e kere eke nke kpmkwem
ndokwa nke maara r nke nd nne na nna si ma, d ka d mgbe mmad nwere tab, a ngw r d mfe n'akk onwe ya na-emepta, ntnyere adgh jide ya mere isi
ihe ala. b naan na mara nd mgbe nile na a maara Mbo mta m na generators,
nke nwere ihe jikr ya na oruru nke e kere ohu, n'ihi na mmepta nke otu
achr; kama ma a pr iwep ihe nke mb ha na mbido nke organic Nigeria site
mgbe maara Nigeria bbu n'ebe ah, mkpesa nan site nketa si ama ama ga-angide
na-eso ma b ugboro ugboro na otu, na-enwegh oruru nke e kere eke onwe ha ka
weere -aba, n'ihi ya, gn mere na nke mb ntoputa nke otu.
b ezie na mmad pr gwa, kama na-ach ka ememe na a pr iche mmata
kwupta ihe kwesr ekwes zz nke n'akk nile nke nne na nna mbrayo ma b
kk na kw, na mbrayo ma b kk onwe ya n'oge ya development; Ma mgbe
ah, ga-akp, na kk na egg mara tupu mm nwa ka mgbe, na ezinl dum
steeti nd ae kere eke tupu mm nwa, d ka dara n'ime chptara yiri ma ukwuu
nke ra mgbe na-am nwa echiche d ot ah kpr ihe kpr ihe. Ma b i nwere
ike ch nzube nke echiche b nd dr guzobere nke mbrayo, a na mm nke wa
na-abgh nke mbrayo na nne na nna; ma na aka iso ganihu ah na-egosi; na ihe
bla ikpe, onye d ka nd z hypotheses, nke dgh ahmah m, dochie ma b
aka, ma bna naan nke nd z na-akwado ga-ach.
Nke ab, otu onye nwere ike j, site n mmalite na b untriftig, onkonshiosli
eme agha eo ipso iwere on a enwegh usoro-eme na ugbu a na-enye ihe ntule nke ha
Mmeri gbasara nke puru omume mberede aja. The nd e kere eke na-iwu-eme, ma
bgh mmad na mberede na-eme d ka iwu omume; -ab na o nwere ike na ihe nd
kas n'ozuzu causal iwu onwe ha, nke na-erube isi nd e kere eke, n'onye ezi omume
na ha amagh ama mee ka l r nke clings nsh, z, nke ah ga-esi n'okpuru
nduzi nke otu agha na d na-agbanwe site na nke mb ha ptara , Ma b na nwere
ike enwegh usoro, ma br na ma na otu uche nke onye infinitely mgbagwoju
anya, n'ihi ya kwa ejigh n'aka ruo n'k maka nke bla n'ime any na-eme nke 1) A
ga-ekwu okwu, ma pr iche nd gbatara, nke, nd indeterminacy nke ma
restrictive, na mkpa iduga expedient ngwar enwegh nwere mkpa ime a a
antecedent nsh inyere ya aka.
l)

N'ezie, i nwere ike elegh anya na-aghta kama a na-emebi iwu d ot ah

edinam n'okpuru mberede edinam n'ime ike nd, dabere na indeterminable iche
iche ma na-agbanwe agbanwe isi nke ngwa nke agha na gw kpakpando
n'okpuru nke ha na-eme, nakwa onye dabere mmeghar indeterminable iche
iche ntziaka, nd, -eziga ebumnobi na-enwegh a kpr a. Nke kwadoro
n'ebe nile fd kara nd z.

N'ezie, ya mere, nwere teleological armka maka a maara ihe workings na dd,
d ka any nwere ike kp ya n nkenke, ike merie site kk ike na ma nke n'elu ka

aprioristischeren nwekwara ihe bla z ma b Tho z ezi uche dochie anya

ihe bla nke na nsghar nd a megide aga na jr -echebe. Na ot fd na-ahr
iji dozie dd nke amagh ihe bla site n mmalite d amamihe ha iwu edinam,
site n'onye ah nke nke na-emepta t, a amamihe na b nan mgbe e mesr,
na-aba nsh ha onwe ha na ngwaaha, nd; Ot d z, ihe na-ewu ewu z iji
ohere site al maka d ad na-nketa n'ala style aba nso nso iji nyere aka, si ot ah
na-ebilite na on nzube nzube da ngwaaha.Natara n'aka nd z na ngwaaha kere
Random meghara naan nd na ike ga-enwetara d ka iwu okike nd na-al maka d
ad nd z ma na-ekpeghachi; na nd z agabiga; nd maara Nigeria ma nke b
onwe ha sitere na ot a, mgbe ah ihe e kwesr ekwes, inye onyinye ha ichebe na ya
ugboro ugboro.
Ka dgod egosi nile Kama nke ah ntnyere adaba l r na mitbekommt
nwoke angeborenerweise, na nd nke gasiri ma e wezga emepta d nn ukwuu
nke otu involuntarily ugboro ugboro iji na esemokwu, nke n'otu ihe ga nke ma h
yiri dgh ihe z yiri presupposes-akpata, a ga-ah recycled; ot ah kar, ebe b
na na-enye ihe n'ozuzu ach n'aka, na-hr na-enye oge d mma kara inwe af
ojuju site na-ele onye iro. N'otu oge, kwekr na any unit mkpa nke na na
achikota mmepta nke kwesr ekwes akrngwa nd mmad n'okpuru otu akk, d
ka mpta expedient n'aka nd onwe ha, weere na b nan d ka a ngide na-ark
ka a na mgbasa nke wa nke nwoke kere na ihe na-emepta na, n'otu oge e
dere. Nke abuo, e nwere nkwenkwe okpukpe any kwesr inyere. Ya mere, nd naemegide na-enwe ike banye n'ime ka obere na agugo nke esemokwu; mere mgbe
na-asuan site na ha d ka mgbe laghachi z; wee laghachi, n'ezie, otu jr z. Ugbu
a, na e nwegh z iji nweta karr nke a adgh am mkpr b pp na mbata, na
kplite nd ah d n'elu version weakly agbanwe agbanwe esemokwu.
N'ezie a ka uche m, a d mgbanwe nke na-emegide emegide si ele ihe anya, si ot
ah teleological esemokwu emee empirischerseits n'okpuru a hr akk. Ma tupu
abanye n'ime ya, any na-eme doro anya naan n'ihe nd any mgbe bu n'obi a chr
ozugbo, na-uz z nweta a doo anya n'echiche dum ajj.
br na e nwegh mmetta ma b mgbe niile maara ndu, ma, ga-dgh mkpa
b ihe na ot ihe portfolios na wa, herginge, ugboro ugboro ma b ugboro
ugboro. Onye pr ikwu okwu nke mgbe nile na irregularity, dgide adgide na
transience; Ma gn ga-na otu ma b nd z na mgbe dgh onye ga-enwe ihe
mmas kama on a na nd z; N'oge na-adgh, echiche nke mma pgh h na
ala. Ma br na bna fd chr aghta ihe b a chr ozugbo n'k nke na
mmekrta ya na-adgh ama Nigeria niile dabara na naan mmekrta maka nchekwa, mmepe, nlghachite nke bla, kama site na ihe ah, a ga-ekpe, d ka okwu gama na ajj nd iji b ebe a, bgh nd d ot ah size ihe echiche.
Ya mere, any na-akp nke a ihe bla kwesr ekwes insofar ka na-eje ozi naagaziri ichebe, na ime ihe na mmepe nke maara nd, na epithet prosperously obere
oge rba ama na Ihe oru nchegbu d ka o kwere - a-ekwe omume nke a na N'eziokwu
arasi -, iwe na-azpta ma na-ekwe omume ahap ag ihe j ohere na-. Mgbe
niile, b nd ga-akp l r na-nd fdr n'ezinl oge na ike art mmepe nke a nd

bara uru ma br na ha iji na-aga-eme ka nd unpleasurable; d nn kpgidere

n'ezie nd kwere omume ogologo ma nwee ganihu ichebe nd ruo n'k fd
n. Site n'onwe ya, dgh izute okwu-eji na-ah ihe nd z bara uru, nke bla
na-adgide adgide ma b inogide b ma l, kama ihe na n'otu na usoro nke
nagh anw ngwa ngwa nke Gedeihlichkeit; na bna ihe nd kas ap n'anya ngwa
ngwa egosi expedient br na ya volatility na-eme ka ya Gedeihlichkeit. Si mpta
ma b estidem uru b na-ekwu okwu, d ka b ihe a maara Nigeria mputa ma
b n'ime ime, nke a na-eji nwee ganihu, ma mpga Expedient-eme ka ya na r ma
b site na ha dabere estidem mmetta.
Nd a d mfe nkwa megide nke bla kwesr bgh ihe j, nwere ike pta
ihe; ma factually ihe bla na-ekpebiri any ajj ya; Kama nke ah, ptara na ihe
adgh ama na aga na nzube nke nd mmad n'onwe ya abgh bgh na e mere site
n'ma ma kwupta nzube a. Ugbu a, any na-akp any az ihe megidere echiche, na
ihu ya any ncheghar.
Mgbe obibia nke onye iro na-ach ozu ntule na any, d ka garanya ichebe na
mmepe ha maara nd eje ozi, na-akp ihe kwesr ekwes iji malitere bgh nan taa
dgh spezialen direction nke maara r nd z na ihe ha nwere na-eme ka e kere eke
, di ya na nzube, bna na-nkwa nke ha n'usoro; ma, bna na-adgh ike na n'ozuzu
aka nke nsh, nke b taa ka na-mkpa na-ekpeghachi e kere eke b voraussetzlich ka
nd mb ntoputa nke na-enwegh isi site, mgbe otu ugboro weputara maara Nigeria,
na-aga n'ihu naan site nketa ma b ugboro ugboro; o we di ot nke mb mmepta
nke e kere eke na nzube ya l r nile site amagh ihe bla nd e kere eke.
Megide ihe any agbara ag, s: ptara maka r adgh nd, any d ka nd d ot
ah na oku kwesr ekwes, ma mpga ma b estidem,-ach maka ha mb ntoputa
n'ebe nile nke specialy kwupta maara r na nzube ya, ma otu ugboro meptara ya
ugboro ugboro naan a n'ozuzu Mitbettigung nke mm nke a traceable mmekrta
na njedebe z ma b na-erugh okrede. N'oge na-adgh: nke mb mmepta nke
kwesr ekwes akrngwa d mkpa pr iche mmata ga-azpta z ma b obere
na ha ugboro ugboro. Ya mere, nke chr Multifunctional ngwar, nke ndi kere eke
na-now mr mb ha ntoputa nke a yiri na nzube ya na demgeme Education
spezialen k nke nsh, nke ugbu a na -adkwagh ach ya ugboro ugboro.
Ugbu a j onwe g, nke ma-esetpr mma ezi ka ahmah. The akwkw kwuru
na nwa n n'af na kk na egg, nke na-emegide iti esemokwu ke akpa version, ha
na-aba na nke ugbu a version b agaghkwa otu chm, ma bgh ikpebi n'etiti
ab; n'ihi na enwegh pr iche na ime ihe nke mm n'oge ugbu ugboro ugboro
ntoputa nke nd ae kere eke ptara nan si d iche iche echiche si onye na ibe ya
ikpe. nwere ike ghara ga az ma nke a ruo n'k ahmah any ruo mgbe mb
ntoputa nke e kere eke, ya mere, d mkpa ka nd z, ka nke na-aga az iji nweta
mkpebi. Na e nwekwara t akrngwa na-agafebegh ntoputa d ka ugboro ugboro
na any d ugbu ahmah circuit dara, na site na nke any nwere ike ime ka a nkwubi
okwu. All ahmah ma na any nwere ike ime nke a taa na-eme ka a taa, ma gosi any
uru kara iro, ma mgbe mmejuputa any site n'z d iche iche d ka ha ikpe nke njik
aka enwekwu ya kama uma nke inductive karr nan d na analogical ka.

Ka any kwuo mb nke nzube l r na frantic nwoke emepta na rzi ya adgh

ama nd, nwany ah ji gaa eguzobewo esemokwu ke akpa version, ma any na-eme
ya ugbu a site hr any version. Ihe siri ike erugh ala nke nsh na speziale n'ebe
imewe nke niile onye akk na-akwanyere ihe ha ga-akw nd chr mb ntoputa
nke a uzuoku engine, a elekere, ma b bna a hr, a hama. B nd a l r ebe
ah otu ugboro, ot onye ah nke na-eomikwa, agaghkwa eche echiche banyere
nzube nke otu, na pr bna, mgbe enye elu a n'ozuzu adgh ama akwadogh
akwado iomi, na-eche nke d nn iche ihe site n'iomi onwe ya. b ezie na kweta
na-eomi nwere ma na-ah ot bla anya na-eomi ya, ugbu a speziale r nke
mm ezie na nke ukwuu toned ala, yip ike na nzube, ma na-erubegh zpta na a
n'z d na na ugboro ugboro nke a kere eke site tt mmad nke ikpe. Ma ugbu a,
na-igba nke a aw, na akara nke ihe osise, a font, mgbe ah, nd a speziale r ka
dara efep. Onye z. B. akara ukwu t a ide N'ezie, o kwesr na-a mbanye nke nsh
ime ya aka, ma ya nile maara r b nan na-agbasagh re-akr nkwa nke
Akwkw Ns kara nke nne na nna, br na ha m m, na- -akr nkwa nke
ha mmepta.
Otu nwere ike na-achpta na m-ugboro ugboro site n'z nd z, d ka ihe
odide nd z na d. Ma onye bla d nn iche d ngwaaha kwesr mgbe nile
nke z n'aka ya ugboro ugboro; na now na-kpomkwem mkpa nke na d na a dgas
iche iche nke ugboro ugboro d ka nd mb ntoputa nke kwesr ekwes akrngwa,
rue d ot ah na ihe niile any na chptara, izi ezi nke any ije-angide
esnede; kpomkwem si ot na-agh ihe ndabere nke ihe inductive kama n na
analogical inference.
Iji mezue a ndabere any ugbu a na-atghar site n mpta na-ime, si inorganic ka
organic Multifunctional ngwar, nke any na-eru nso nke omume onwe ya, nke any
na-ekpebi, ozugbo.
Ya b, nd na-ama-mr nwoke na nzube ptara na ga-achpta na m nwa, ma
b zlite si ebum pta wa usoro ketara n'aka onwe ya, na-hr n'onwe ya na-eke
ememe na a pr iche ntziaka nke nsh na ya ma b ketara mgbanwe n'z
kwesr ekwes. Onye bla na-amta nk, t ogho, knitting, p ngw egw, nkwa,
g ihe n'isi, wdg, ihe a nile presupposes enwetara enweta pr iche duziri nsh
n'ime n'aka mitbekommt nwoke ma na m nwa ma b ike zlite na-enwegh nd
d ot ah ka nd nsh nke mitbekommenen l r n'oge uto site n'onwe ya. Nd a
na tt ngwar apgh nile ad n'otu oge; n'ihi na spinning nwe z z kara kp
piano; a ngwar b agaghkwa d mkpa, ot ah na-eme ihe z, ma b na-ehi
ra na-ekwu na nkezi nile n'etiti ndi nile ohere. Ma z na-egosi n'ozuzu na speziale
maara r, nke diri ndi mbu ntoputa nke fd n'ime nd a gwgw ngwar, ihe
ga-adr nd, nd z mgbe kpatara, na n'ikpeaz-ach naan a n'ozuzu iwe nke
nsh banyere nlghachite ma b bna na osimiri nke gw -enwegh nd d ot
ah site n'onwe ya ugboro ugboro mgbe ihe ah mpga nd. Ot mgbal pr iche
nd dr uche mkpa Spinner iji mta spinning, knitter, ala na-akpa; mtara, naand ala na-emebu hour na wheel, ma b na-stocking n'aka-ya, gwara n'ime otu
omume nke a d mfe mkpebi na-spinning ma b knitting, na kpa kw ma b
knitting, site eche ihe z ; n'ihi na d ka mmezu na-ach na-armr nke nd d ot

ah estidem l r nd na-erugh a spezialen direction nke nsh na ya, nd ah

mgbe mgbe ka ugboro ugboro, nke otu ewerewo nd; na na a z, ma chr
bgh. The armr nke Spinner b na oruru nke ha mta otu iwe mgbe ndr ala
na wheel, na-agabiga hr, ma a fd periodicity ekwe nkwa nego, n'z;kw
adahade na dara, n'aka Nkea tinyere eri, sops etc.; a nile, ngwar nwere gbanwe, na
obere, o na-ata a oge na-aga; ugbu a ihe kpmkwem pr mere na oge mb naan na
pr iche eduzi nsh, Ot d nke a recedes z na nd z na d na ya ugboro
ugboro.
Otu onye nwere ike tinye kwuo na, br na Spinner nwere ududo bgh mtara
site onwe ha, kama n'okpuru mba z nduzi, budata-azpta ukwuu nke mgbal nke
mm, nke na-eri nn ibu z mta ihe spinning, di ya meptara. Onye bla
mmta site nnyefe b ugbua a ugboro ugboro, nke mb, nke a na dt napta mb
ime ihe nke nsh.
A at ikpe z ikpe, ka nke any nwere na-emechi ozugbo nso site n'otu
nzkw. The t z nke nd e kere eke na-am, ha ridata site nketa si n'aka nna nna
ha nakwa bequeath d ot ah m ha. -Eme any ndek n'ihi na ot heritable l
r? Ugbu a, onye ga obi ab na Onye zz Atr na setter na enweta ha naenwegh enyemaka nke ya na nd mr ya nsh ebum pta wa, nke an ah na nke
uche oru, nke ha peculiar instincts dabeere, b naan n'ihi nd nna nna ha, ha na
n'otu z ah na-erugh ala na kpmkwem direction riteworo n'gw uche, d ka yiri
ngwar pr inweta mgbe amuchara nwa taa. b eziokwu, nd zz atr na
nnn nkta ka na-ach fd ma nn obere zz mta l ya. Ma b nan ptara
na ngwar nke na-enyere ya aka ya adaba r na-adgh nn okokre mgbe mr,
d ka b ma bgh ya, ha now mkpa z nke specialy erugh ala nke nsh ka a
akwsla; tt n'ime nke a erugh ala b now-am nkta na na-chebere, na nachebere nd nna nna ya. Na ot ah ka mmad ga-tt nd erugh ala nke mm, nke
d mkpa,-adr ya br, ya irighiri akwara, ya uru ah, ihe niile kwesr ekwes d
na onodu na bgh chebere a ike ihe n'ihu ya; tt n'ime, n'ihi na mmad nwere
bna mgbe amuchara nwa n'ihu internally imughari expedient.
budata agbanwe ihe bla, br na na-ekwu na nd nna nna nke Onye zz
Atr na kk nkta nwetaworo nk ha site zz na akk nke nd ah, na-enwegh
ha na ya amagh ihe nke nzube ya maka nd mmad. Nsh nke nwere mgbe ah ma
nd si onye ha natara zz, e nwere na-na-enweta site Dressage nzube ptara na
nkta n'okpuru echiche mpga m mmad etbe, Ot d, nd gara aga ikpe nke
applicability any ndek on n'ime nzube ngwar angide nti , Na mberede, Ot d,
nd pr iche nsh nke nkta ama abuana ke Urdressur n'z fd. zptara
bgh nan site appropriating a dressage iwe nke punches na dr ya bla mehiere
ihe, na dgh ihe ga-aba na nke a dressage-enwegh na, ma nwere iji r n'aka na ya
nt tt ihe nd z ufiop ke dressage, ka e mesr mgbe egosipta mtara. N'ihi ya,
b isi na-akpa br na nke a kpere mpga na nke ab ah nke a kpere n'ime a
chr ozugbo, nke at br na nd t ab ma b nkewa n'etiti ab, any nwere
n'ebe a n'ihu any.
Otu nwere ike j, s: ma gn mere na-ketara ihe ozugbo mtara nk nke spinning

na-akpa m mmad nne na m ya, gagh bla art nke ga-akziri nkta m
ya? N'ezie, nd a b nnyocha ji ajj, ma na-eche banyere any d ugbu ajj bla,
ma na any mkpa agbasagh any ebe a. Zuru ezu na. N'nd nile, nd dere ugboro
adabara l r d na nke ahmah any ma b na ala circuit ikike site n'ahmah,
na-aga az mb si, speziale k nke nsh gosi na b ukwuu Mkpa ka ikwughar
ma nyere d ad nke a kwesr ekwes ngwar abgh n'onwe ya eduga n nkwubi
okwu nke ego na-nsh,-eme na ya ugboro ugboro. tt mpga na estidem t
akrngwa na-aba ma na-aga, na-enwegh ugboro onwe ha; d mkpa ka any naekpeghachi z pr iche nd, na dum madu onwe ya kwesr n'ihi na ya ugboro
ugboro nke n igba nke nne na nna na mta nwa Act. Nature nwere naan
ikwughar fd nke kwesr ekwes l r na-ebi ugbu a ntule; priori d ka germs
malitewor nd z na-enwegh ike ugboro ugboro. Ma nd ya nile, any adgh
ach ebe a.
Against a nile, onye amama ikekwe a: onye bla na-emepta consciously, na-na
nke mb, nan n'ihi na ya onwe ya na nzube; Ma nwoke ah apgh inye onwe ya na
nsh adabara b aka ya na nzube, tupu b mgbe consciously n'ebe ah.
Ma, bgh eziokwu na onye bla na-emepta consciously naan n'ihi na ya
onwe nzube. Na nke a na-eweta any a an ikpe. A onye enyemaka nke ndi mmadu
na-emepta ngwar maka ns ns nke nd z; a nne na-ejikere akpati na kw
nhicha ah n'ihi na a na nwa onye na-adgh bna n'ebe ah ma. nwere ike ime ya
ma na-eme naan na eignem nsh na ff ala z nsh, na ot zpta z nke
onwe ya adgh ama nka, ka ha na-adabere na mba z ihe nakawa etu esi. Ya mere,
any ikpe na-ejikwa nd bara uru gafee mba z nsh.
Ugbu a, aghagh ikweta na mmas nke onye na-emepta abamuru nke nd z,
nke ha uru na aka ga-ab. t na onye enyemaka a abgh abamuru nke nd z, nd
nne b na ganihu nke nd na-eme n'dnihu nwa, ha ga-eme ihe bla banyere
ya. Na ot ah ike ihe agagh ka nwoke dr dmma, ma br na nke a nke ma,
gagh na onwe g na gediehe.Ptara na ideological d, armka b kpmkwem nke
a nsh, nke angaghi-ach na nwoke tupu ya guzobere na-ekwe ka na-ach na ike
ihe nke nke na-adabere nakpata ya n'ihu ya, na-na-agu n'onye ezi omume n'ihi
echiche na na-agaziri Bestande mmad nzube nke okike uwa kachasi mkpa na ya
zutere ya nd mmad mere mgbe ah na-eso uru. Ma na-angide n'otu, onye pr
iwere d ka estidem ma b omenala uche d ka mpga Scion nke okike b isi,
br na mgbe niile experiential analogies mmas nke na-nd na-emepta toro, na ot
any n'ozuzu ndek na-angide bla ikpe ad ,
Mgbe niile na any nwere ike na-emegide nke teleological armka na-alta ha
ahr anya J. -ya nile The mb version n'elu ha ptara na nri mgbe ha si ntnyere ka
ga-mere-egbu ekwu okwu na ihu ma nke a maara ihe e kere eke nke organic nzube
l r; Ma eziokwu ah b na nwa n n'af na kk na egg zlite site amagh ihe
bla agha, kwaturu m.Any na-ekwu ugbu a: echiche z ot Multifunctional
ngwar nwere ike ibili si amagh ihe bla r ike nd sitere n'okike d ka, bna
chere d omimi na nghta egosi (Hartmann, Darwin), ma cogent na mezue
ekekerede eziokwu na ha nke mb ntoputa nke a spezialen k nsh ach, kwaturu

m.
Ndi otu ptara ma mesr, a priori ajj ka o ga-esi na mma, n'ihi ya, na-adgh
ah wee N'z ezi uche d mkpa ido, ma ga-etinye site n mmalite ihe karr yiri na
na mmepe nke l r na-ejere ma n'isi-echebekwa na-emepe emepe adgh nd
bna maara nd b causally d ya, ma anagh ada kpatara ihe na mmetta na
disparate ebe. N'ezie ga-ab a iju, n'okpuru bla ezi uche mgbe a ga-ewetara
causality br n'echegh ya eche na-eme na ihe agha ya pta na-enwe a hr
ptara n'ihi nsh, onyeisi nd a na-adgh ma b nwere na-adgh mma ptara,
hr, nd tupu a ngwaaha ma b repetitiveness verliehe. Nwere ike mgbe enyene
utp nke na-adgh na ihe na-akpata ihe a na-ama nyere a kpatara? Ihe nd d ot unu
were nan ma br na na-, ma b na bgh ihe doro anya banyere ihe d g
mkpa. Ma ihe onye ezi uche akk nwere ike na-at uche kwesr ka ga-agw agw
site na aga n'ozuzu kwere omume ahr anya Note.
Ugbu a n'ezie b eziokwu, na itinye n'kwa nke any na-adabere, a ka na-adgh
mezue; n'ihi na mmekrta na-ebe mb si malite organic e kere eke, any enwegh ike
kwaga n'ime any gburugburu nke ahmah ma; ma dgh itinye n'kwa, nke gaezu ezu; b na ha, n'ihi ya, any agagh akws, ma kpmkwem ahmah. Mgbe naenwegh ebe laghachi mgbe nn otu nd z; otu ga-enwe af ojuju ma br na
inyo m enyo nke a n'ozuzu uru, n'agbanyegh di iche iche nke ihe nile
Mitbedingungen egosi, site na nke nwere ike Chpta2) .
2)

VGI. site na inductive inference t. Asaa.

Mgbe nke ah gasr, ga-ab a ntugheriukwu na nd d mkpa any kpamkpam

enweteghi Direction J gara aga echiche, chr ka na-ekwu, nke ma, ma br na
mmad na m anman bna nwere nsh, n'ezie nwere ike, ga-ab na mpga
ma b estidem, Multifunctional ngwar naan n'okpuru nduzi nke nsh na
eweta; nd e kere eke nwere ike ime ihe ha nwere otu ugboro, eweeregh ya; Ma
dgh eso na dgh ihe z na, tupu nsh n n'ebe ah, d d mkpa na-aka nke mb
gb nke nd d ot ah ngwar. The eziokwu b kama nke: ma br na nd
mmad now na agbanyegh, na ha nwere nsh, na nd e kere eke na-erugh ewepu ha
na-na bgh iwu na-ar r na ha, ma estidem ma b mpga nzube ngwar
nwere ike mb na-emepta na-enwegh pr iche na-eduzi ya nsh, otu onye nwere
ike ejigideghi bna kpamkpam na-enwegh isi nke mb ha na gb nke nd d ot
ah ngwar nsh, ie nso, n'ihi na obere ezugh now, ga-ibido gafere ihe bla. Na
mberede, nwoke na-eme mgbe niile ya nsh n'ra si; na mgbe mgbe n'agbanyegh
amamihe niile na otu onye nwere ike itiba amagh ihe bla, a hr nzube ngwar
meptara ya ra?
D ka nwoke na ibe ya e kere eke na-onwem na ebum pta wa nzube l r. The
iru ruru ka nd a l r maka nzube nke d iche iche e kere eke na-emezugh ark
r n, nwere obere site z na ole, na mpga nd nke e kere eke na-ekweta
kwesrn na ha estidem oru. Ka nchikota nke a niile nzube mettara site n'k nke
any sere okwu anya n mkpr anya, any na-ji maka ele, na-agafe ya niile n'otu
n'otu kere eke ihe niile a consciously kwesr ekwes onodi, mwube na t ihe usoro
ihe nke wa, na kntakt na ya na izugbe akk nke Day na, na-ebu huu a adigide

bna na otu, Ot d, a ga-agu n'onye ezi omume bna nwesr site antecedents
nke bch site dum teleology nwere ike.
Mgbe nke ah gasr, nan fd n'akk mkparta ka na aga echiche.
Na-aga n'ihu na wa nile na-agbalsi ike igbochi mgbu ikwunye ha na isi mmalite
ma b bibie nd ka na-aga site na wa, n'ezie, b na-; Ma chso b ya mere naabagh uru na imeli nzube d ka zoro a agbalsi ihe bla? Kama nke ah, b ohiha
fd na ihe mgbu na-enwegh chch iji kpochap ha na-enwegh onye ihe ga nke
ma ga-pulitere kpuchie ihe niile d n'wa. N'eziokwu, br na nwoke adgh nri,
uwe, l obibi, na-agba kwesrn kwadebere na ebumnuche bgh guzobere bna
internally dr-eme nd a n mpta nzube ngwar, bgh dd nke ihe a chch
ga-, anyanw na-adgh okporo gw, na osisi anagh duhie mkpr osisi na nwoke
na-adgh onwem na site n mmalite na nke kwesr ekwes akk ma br na, m
na-ekwu, ihe nile ga-adgh, ot ah ga dum nd nke nd mmad, nyere ya ka nwere
ike tachi obi, na-aga ke iwe. The mma chch onye ah makwa na ot e si enwetara
n'ihi ya nile gwgw eji enyere nd aka, d nn a ebe a na-abanye ngafe nke akw
gw nke ihe mgbu na isi mmalite, nke ga-angide uncompensated na-enwegh ya
na-eduzi nzube any g. Otu nwere ike na-ar ka ma a kw ha gw ghara
ngide nile na-ezugh ezu, any agagh ekwe ka ihe mgbu nile maka oke ibu, na ma a
bara garanya na-enwe ganihu, di n'echiche nke kpukpru usen mgbu, ba ba
chch, mgbe dum na-ewe ebe. Ma d ka otu onye pr za nd a d ok nj ajj
mettara nd general chch aku na uba na wa, d ka pessimistic ma b
nchekwube nchepta mgbe niile - any na-a n'ime ngalaba na-ekwu okwu - ya mere
ka ihe bla ikpe enwegh nzube nke nd na ga nke ma ha na iwe kwantum na
wa d egwu -ad ukwuu kara b; na b a ndudue, ma br na na, d ka ihe
m na-ihe niile, ihe na-adgh n ok chr ozugbo megide a hinwirkendes on nzube
chr d n'wa na, ebe b na g kama nan ihe niile e ruru na nke a, pr ime ka d ka
ihe m osk.
Full untriftig b na-abaru nso nke ka na mgbe fd iwere d ka ihe megidere
teleological kpr kpr nke causality, ot akp onwe ya uche na-adgh. One
akpata pr ime ka ga-eme n'dnihu na hertreiben ya pta na-ekwu okwu n'ihu
ya; ma na a ga-eme n'dnihu naan nzube pr r r az na ugbu a na-etinye iji
nweta ya na r, agagh. Ma na-adgh ach na teleological kpr. D ka ya, adgh
emetta n'dnihu nzube n atuaha na kpr nke causality, ma ugbu aghta mbanye
ma b nke ugbu a nzube echiche na ihe ya isiokwu nke ihe onwunwe agha, eme na
ihe nweta nke ga-eme n'dnihu nzube; na nzube nke yiri onwe ya na ihe ha isiokwu,
bilie bgh site ihe na-eme n'dnihu, ma da site aga na d ad nke isiokwu, ihe
n'ezie, niile nwere gara aga ahmah nke isiokwu, d ka causative echiche banyere
dnihu dnaya.
Deterministic na-akwa onwe ya ga-enye. The Future na-adabere n'ime ihe nke
causal iwu functionally site n'oge gara aga. Ma gn na-egbochi laa azu t obibia
n'echiche nke mgbak na mwep, n'ihi ya, nd ikpeaz mgbe a agbara pursuance
nke ntziaka nke edinam 3) ka na-ahuta ka a r nke na-ekwu, b nke ha na-edu. N'ihi
na a eziokwu mgbe nile ebigh-ebi ma b oge nchkta na a nn nke uwa, ot

tt nd na-eche na Chineke agwa, ga bna b fr nke nta onwe ha akaebe a dual

obibia. angide ebe a na-absurdity iche na n'oge gara aga ihe ga nke ma
n'dnihu, n'ihi na echiche nke ma na-aga ezigbo ntziaka nke nd mere na oge,
mgbe e nwegh absurdity na-eche echiche n'oge gara aga na n'dnihu na mgbanwe d
ot ah d ka a r na, site na ihe na-eme na ab, otu onye nwere ike idi-enwegh na
nd z.
3)

Nn weird na-ewere ya, ma br na, kama nke wa s Ewebata achso

nan backward na oge, fr nke nta a nloghachi nke ihe n'ezie na-eche
ngaghar eme. (Mises kl. Schr. 273 iche. 339 iche.)

N'ihi ya nd na-eson na obibia b yiri. Na ohere ga-ah na mmetta site na a ruo

n'k b b a mmeghachi omume site n'k b kama mgbe a. Gn mere bgh ewere
nd d ka a pr isi kwuo nke a oge a z b a agbara mmetta nke b on a, ya b
dd nke ihe na-eme ma na oge ihe, na-na iwu mgbanwe emee 4) , nke adgh
egbochi, d ka any na ihe na-eme na-eme n'dnihu mgbe b, amagh, soro mmetta
n'ezie na ihe fr kama nan site n'oge a ka agbara nke b si.
4)

br na m na-adgh chere, na mgbak na mwep Neumann esesn kwuru

na ebe ah ma b d echiche ah.

Ka dgod, echiche na ah adgh eduga any n'ime any z isiokwu, ihe mere
nakwa mba ar etinye angide.
N'otu aka ah, anagh emegide onwe ya, na n'aka na iji nke wa na-eme na
nsh, nakwa na malitere inwe mgbe a kapr legalism, n'ihi nsh na legality
adgh emegide (lee. Sec. XVI), na karsa bgh iwu mgbe na mkporomaasi akpali a
chch na-mgbu nwe-ayi, ihe indisputably okpon akan niile teleology. Otu nwere ike
na-agbal ye uche psychophysically mikwuo si na nke a echiche nd teleological
n'wa si ele obere, nwere obere zlite; ma site na-enwe ya nso, nwoke wa, n'ezie,
ihe ajj ka kara nwere ike kpebie na mb.
Na any onwe any dabeere n'ihe sensashion nke mgbu ozugbo a Mbo ikpochapu
ha, nke, ma br na ihe mgbu na-ah oyi, na-akpali an ah mgbanwe na-ezu
ozugbo na mfe ikpe, mee ka mwep; ma bgh n'ihi ihe d n'ime wetara netinye ije
ji toned ala ma b nwesr, ma b retuned ihe d n'ime wetara Onyonyo ruru ma
b a detrimental umi na secreted, ma-bu na almdi megide onye ozo mgbu mkpali
closes involuntarily, ma b ya ma b ahap n'ebe n p , Na ihe nile d ot ah
ikpe, d mfe bgh ime ihe otu onye nwere ike na-akp, na-eji nd, Ot d,
mgbe niile na nsh na-enwe na a chere esi gboo, na-elegh anya a d mfe echiche
nke ihe na-akpata ihe mgbu, na-agnye ebe a. Ma na mgbagwoju anya ikpe, nke a b
ezugh; Kama nke ah, mgbe ihe mgbu ike iwep nan site n'z na-esi nke na-ekere
k na temporal na gbasara ohere anya, ot ah kama nke nd d ot mfe an ah
okwu echiche nke z na-esi n'aka ga-erukwa b nd d na oge na ogologo iji nweta

ebumnobi, iji nweta gburugburu a, na otu d mkpa ma br na a ga-eme n'dnihu

iwe gbochie mma ma b n'dnihu chch a ga-enweta. br na e nwetla mgbe
bla ma b ezi echiche nke nzube ga z esi nakwa d ka nzube a na-enweta ma
b adgh nn eme;otu mkpa ma nke d na nke a iji nweta m mmad nzube ya,
b voraussetzlich nwekwara maka b d anya na-emet n'obi nzube nke n'ozuzu
adgh ama usoro ihe nke wa, na m mmad nzube echiche onwe ha na-egosi na na
a ebutere n'z nke aka ya n'ime ya.
Ugbu a, Ot d, a d iche ewe ebe. The mmewe nke uzuoku engine, dum ihe
onwunwe nke na-abgh emepta ya igwe banyere ya na nzube nwere ike iche
n'echiche d ka ga-aba n'elu; ma na-emetta ya na estidem t ngwar na-adgh
ga-egosi n'elu, ma d n'elu ah anya chr maka expedient edinam, na-adgh mkpa
d ka ihe d n'elu ah ptara na ha guzobere. br na onye bla nwere ike inweta
nk bla ma b na-akziri onye z site n'inye ya zz, na ahmah na-enwegh
j usoro, na-ma na-muscular usoro na nrughar bara nd nke onye na-enweta
nk, mmeghar; ma b na ha ekwesgh-kn anya ka ha guzobere, ma d ka
ogologo oge bla echiche r onwe ya na-eburu iwu a n'z an ah,-eme ihe
kwesr ekwes directional onwe ma b n'ebe nd z akpte n'ra psychic r nke
b akk nke nnweta nke bla nk nke bna estidem an ah Filiks na nke-eduga
ha ihe estidem ngwar. Ma bna na nke a na-ach ihe mgbagwoju anya ka
mmeghachi Multifunctional ngwar meptara echiche. N'eziokwu, br na z. B.
nd Spinner adgh bna were ya d n'ime ah ngwar bna mgbe enweta ha craft
nke nnweta nke nk ha, nke mere na ha nwere ike inwe otu ma meptara naan n'ihi
na ha chr nzube, banye n'eluigwe, nke mpga ihe, na -emetta ya nk na n'ihi na
nsh nke ga-eme n'dnihu drava, nke na-enweta si n'z, d. na-adgh rr
ka na a okpukpu ab z ah d ka nzube echiche pr bata play, nwere si oge
immemorial na wa na-agba; ma naghkwa egosi mkpa maka n'ozuzu nd na ziri
ezi nke any sere okwu, mgbe ah, na-akwa n'uju, ma vermchte onwe ya nye
kwesr ekwes amalite.
elegh anya na-agwa otu: ya mere ugbu a na e nwegh organic e kere eke na nke
kwesr ekwes ptara ihe nke inorganic wa n'okpuru nduzi nke a bu z iwu wa
nsh ma br na ha nwere ike ibili si a oge ochie? Ma nke a b a isi ike nke utu
ewe nd na-emegide, nke mere na ha na-adgh ike na-agwcha, ka adgbu onwe ha
n'r na nwere, taa nata nd inorganic wa otu arptagh, nke ha ikwu na prehistoric
ugboro. Any okwu ah b na.
br na-ekpo k brine erekaschaala na shde ke okpomk na a nne-aba
n'anya na ka kristal, ot dgh onye b ala nke ihe ngwta tupu iwep crystallization
na guzobe nke nne-aba n'anya site n'otu ejide tnyere na onye bla nke nne-aba
n'anya na-at anya, ugbu a z na-enye p kristal mgbe, nke nwere ike inye ihe
ngwta, ugbua gbazinyere gba alkwaghm nne-aba n'anya si kristal. Ya mere,
bkwa nd d na nke ihe n'okpuruala usoro, tupu ya zuru ezu okpomk shde ihe
organic Alaeze Ukwu Rtaara, ugbu a ghoro ihe organic na unorganized alaeze,
bgh iji tnyere ala nke inorganic alaeze mgbe decomposition, na-at anya nke a ot
ah na-eme si n'akk nke z, z inye p ihe organic ala-eze mgbe na esesn

gbazinyere nd d ot ah kama site nkewa si ya 5) . Ma Ot d gha na aga na

echiche ziri ezi, na n'okpuru ala usoro na-eche echiche nketa site n mmalite nke
n'ozuzu na-aga aga, na brhaala na nd gba alkwaghm expedient n'n nd
organic wa n'onwe ya d ka ihe kwesr ekwes mmekrta ya emeela ka inorganic,
na gba alkwaghm onwe ya d ka n'okpuru mmetta nke a n'z pr iche na-eduzi
nsh esnede ahuta. Ma doro anya na ihe Urscheidung ka naan mere ka a nn mfe
Urgestaltung na organic wa, d ka bkwa mettara nsh-belatara ruo a dt mfe
eme nke nwere mgbe e mesr z pr iche. Man ma na-ar na kpmkwem ebe a
ga-.
5)

Via mb ala nke terrestrial usoro tupu deposition nke organic n'gb na nd
niile na mgbe impacting mmekrta ka ndapta nke Kant-Laplace amma
ghta fd echiche nke m obere akwkw "mata echiche maka ihe e kere eke
na mbido" wdg (S. 41 iche.) na-atle. N'ezie, ha b nan hypothetical; ma
bgh ma, ya mere - n'ihi na ihe niile b ihe hypothetical - kara n'ihi na ha
dabara dghkwa ihe na Darwin na ihe z ugbu a usoro, ha na e asuan obodo,
na leghaara ebe. Ha d nn mma nan iji Day

Gn na-angide mgbe niile, na ihu ma nke mere n'echegh ya eche primal e kere
eke nke maara kere eke? Ihe bla ma ihe onwunwe n'anya dogmatism ma b miri
emi ntule ka wegzuspekulieren nd d mkpa ka ihe e kere eke nke maara mmata.
The okenye si n'okike, gnyere nd nke na mb mere nke izi ezi bgh onye
innovator, obi ab site n mmalite bgh na Chineke n'wa d na nzube naachkwa. The n'okike taa na-emetta nd insgemein d ka outmoded nd. Naan
Wezuga jide ya fd ma e ofu ma b na-laghachi na ya (d ka nd d ot ah bear,
Volkmann, EH Weber, nat). zkwa, a maara nke ma d ka ihe kpmkwem
mm physics Krnig, bna nso nso kara, na na nduzi nke nzube ngwar na
dd nke onye nwere gg isi b nd na zie ezie echiche na r ya na-anchi anya
"d ad nke Chineke na obi t nke mmad" (1874. Berlin, perennial). Ma, e nwere
nn nan gupuru. tt nd na-ah a n'echiche nd sitere n'okike on ir d ka iwu,
bgh nan na m mmad na anman na-adgh, na ugbu iche a d n'etiti
nd. Ma tt, dgh ihe z loudest olu nwere Darwin zugejauchzt kara nke
akpatre niile teleology na wa ama agbajikwa site na-ekere k nke bla d ego
chch na eke na e kere eke juputara na olu na thapr site na otu agadi, ezi-eme
nchpta na-erugh eru nkwenkwe gha. Bkwa n'ebe a ka isi n'uru nke Darwin na
ihe nd kas mkpa, bna d nn adgh agbanwe agbanwe iji n'n chpr site
Darwin, hr ganihu nke nk ihe mma.
Enwegh na-aga n'ime ka ebe a banyere na-, nke ga-ab ihe efu ma br na gaab na antecedent echiche,-enwegh isi ma br na-ah ohere, m na-emechi na a
ilu.
na-a-ewu mgbidi. Na ihe onwunwe blocks, na gw r na-ar r nd na-adgh
ach ka ya; zkwa, o yiri abgh oge, nke mgbidi gsr. O wee s: Achr m ka a
zpta m, na-akziri nd nzuzu nje ozi ahu ot iwu mgbidi; ma na-ekwu na ha na-

eme ihe blocks na wayo nway nway na niile conceivable nd ha iferi; gnyere
kwesr ke akpatre ah a chtara, nke na-eme mgbidi, br na nd d ot ah onye
na-emepta, a ga-angide na-ad ma br na ha nwere ike ngide na niile. Ebe
b na di ya d incredibly ogologo, o mechara bara na n'z d ot a na mgbidi. ya
ma mgbe ya kpr, ga-angide na-ad ma br na ha nwere ike ngide na-ar
r, na-enwe n'ekpere na-ar r na-agwa nd mmad ka ha kws,-angide naindifferent n'z mgbe mgbidi wee ruo, hr na z Ikiri mgbidi z adwa, na
ugbu a nwere ike z na-eche incredibly ogologo oge tupu ha bara z.
D ka Ot d, nd ka na o yiri kwa ogologo, sr onwe ya: a na-agagh eme;
ga-enye ndumodu na ndi nje ozi ahu ka. O yiri ka m bgh nan na a mgbidi ah. M
na-aga na-ar r nd osisi, la, nkume, nkenke enye ihe niile kwere omume ihe nke
nwere ike bara uru ihe, ma na-ekwu na ha na-n'ezie kpaliri az na ihe na-enwegh
mmas n'z na ya, ma i ibibi onye ya z, kama b naan nway nway
gbanwee ya na mgbe niile na-ahr na-ekpeghachi ihe si ochie ime ka hr n'ime
ya, ot ah ka m ga-, ebe b na o kwere omume bara uru l r na-n'ezie d
n'okpuru niile kwere omume ndokwa nke ihe ma, ba bla, na na ngwaaha nke nd
na-mkpa m, ga- bgh nan na zuru ezu ogologo nwetara, ma nke nta nke nta pr
iduga bna bna siri ike kar na ugbu mma. Ma br na o nwegh uru na-emer
ghara inwe ya na, ya mere, nke a b n'ezie ihe j, ma apgh gbanwere; wa b
nan otu ugboro ka nj ot ah, ma d mma na-aghta na nke ah adgh ekwe
gbanwe. na-aba ma na m z na fd tt ijeri af - a igwu egwu na mmekrita
mgbe ebigh ebi - n'ihi na g mma-ihe nwere ike ba. na-ama ra onwe ya jara, na e
nwere na e etinyere ya plan of aimlessness. Ma d ka na- bla o kwere omume
expedient ndokwa nke nyere ihe-adgh agw agw nzube na-ekwesgh ekwes b
ugbu a, ya mere, n na-ele z mgbe a ogologo oge, ihe nile nwetara na a
nwekwara tt ihe na-abagh uru na-emer ihe kpuchie na kere ihe nile na-azr na
ngide na ikwughar onwe; ee elegh anya na-eme ya kpkuru, ha b nn ot ah
adaba na ha nwere ihe-onwunwe ngide na ikwughar onwe; ihe na-aga ha, na
verdriee ya. -Ibe-ya, onye l guzo mara mma ma na bara garanya, mere ya d iche
iche, ma j ya ihe mere o ji mee ya nke ma; o wee s naively, gaara chere na gaaga d ka nke a.
XV. wa ijuanya ihe t na ihe mgbu. Nchekwube na enwegh nchekwube.
(More general , kweere na-akwanyere t na ihe mgbu. Christian. Personal.)
l. Maka ozi izugbe akk.
D ka na-eji tnyere amagh onwe, nw na chchr, chchr, n'abal; Ot d,
nsh, nd na nchapta, k, bch; kweskwara otu tnyere d ka iche nke ihe j,
na-aka nj, ma na-ezi, na-ekwu na nke a echiche nke ihe j d ma b n'chchr
akk na a h n'akk ihe a. Na ot ah ka nwa ah z nke ma mb mmekrta
Night k ihe mma na-ah ub nwa na ab mmekrta. The wa b na a
gbarr agbar na isi na-j na kpkwara; b ihu ma a pessimist; na br na
bgh, b n'ihi na b bgh tt na-ihe ga-ab na ya pta. The bch k ihe
mma ga-esi na-amas iji h ihe niile na-egbuke egbuke, nwere ike na-bgh n'z

chr, nwere ike-ya nile nk ihe mma adgh egbochi ihe j nd d n'wa, ma
b na e wepwo ya; ma ga-kpachara anya ma, anya nke h, na-emechi bch ma
b kara atghar a kpuru s uche imechi ya naan chchr, n'abal, onyinyo, na ya
ga-emesa ot a kasie ya obi na chch na kama okt n'ime ptara otu agha nke
wa Ganges n'abal dum ka h d ka eduzi na-abgh direction, na a onwe ya b
ikwere na ihe ga nke a direction ihe ga nke ma inye onyinye. N'ihi na a pessimistic
kweere bea nke mere na nan na-eme ka wa na mwute daa mb n'obi na-akawanye
nj;nkwenkwe Ot d, na chch maka ihe ka mma, na-akpatakwara ihe, ime iji
kasie ha obi, nke imezi ihe. Na nke a na nchekwube, bch echiche, d ka n'ebe nile
ihe nd a, nd na-adgh mma kweere ya abgh ka a nti gwgw na-egosi na
enwegh nchekwube nke abal echiche ebe a. Ma dkwa mkpa iji na-akwado
nkwenkwe a; na any na-amalite ihi doo anya na nke a na fd nkwa.
E wezga dogmatists na okwu ah dina si d ka ha nkwenkwe na bna na akk
nke nd a dogmatists bna ke ata okwu Gebrauche b ihe bla mma ma b nj d
ka mgbe o kwesr ekwes, na-ele ya pta iji nweta ala nke obi t na wa naakwalite, ma b imer megide nwere obere ibibi; na bna kpr omume na
okpukpe nke a Full oro ebede hr n'elu nd z. The okwu ma na ihe j uba ma
na-emecha dabere na usoro t na ihe mgbu; nn na ga bgh ekubi ume ala na
warara echiche banyere Gebrauche, ma obi t na ihe mgbu, na ot anya kweere na
ihe nd kas an, nd kas elu ime mm t na ihe mgbu gnyere emee, mgbe nke
ah zuru ok nke ezi ak na uche na ntaramahh nke amamikpe ma obi t na
ihe mgbu b. Ot d, na-aba na ajj nke gw, bgh nan n'ihi na nn nke
obi t na ihe mgbu, kamakwa iji na-akpata nsogbu, na nd d ot ah na chch
j, b nke ah d ka n'ozuzu kpr z abanyekwa wa nke ihe mgbu na
ngosipta mgbe b ugbu a n'onwe g ot nd na-emetta bla rr ar ag ihe
j, ot d, na ntaramahh nke j, n'agbanyegh ihe mgbu na-akpte j b ihe
ma, d ka tt nd chere na site ukwuu mgbu na wa ga-akws, d ka b onwe
ya; Ee, kpr nke ikpe ziri ezi e nwere ike iguzobe-ya abua. Nke a Ntpta elo
mbido mkparta ka nwere n'ebe a ka mmekrta nke obi t na ihe mgbu na-ma na
ihe j izute 1) .
l)

abata na ya na akwkw nta "On kas elu mma", ma n Nkebi nke 2 nke
"tupu aesthetic". The tt ebe-kenmde mkporomaasi ime ka echiche nke
ma na ihe j si na okwu nke t na ihe mgbu na-adabere, na-adabere obere
na a ala na warara version nke obi t na ihe mgbu echiche, nwere obere n'ihi
na ogo nke d mma na nke ya na-abgh chch - na ihe mgbu ngosipta
adgh ewere echiche chr, nke otu odk usoro iwu na ihe akpafu.

Ke ofri ofri, any na-ekwu okwu banyere a d iche iche d obi t na ihe mgbu,
d ka ma na e jiktara ya d iche iche ihe oriri ma b nd nke mkpr obi, d ka
nd d ot ah an sensations, echiche, echiche ma b ha oke. Ya b, site na-eme ka
ihe mgbu ma b obi t d iche iche mkpr obi ndokwa at t ma b
unpleasurable, na-enweta onwe ya kwa a megidere mkpebi siri ike site na any akp

ya bna obosara warara degenerates. Ma ebe tt. nwere ike ikpo ndokwa nke
mkpr obi any nan nd b dd nke ihe nakpata ya na nke a bkwa eziokwu n'ime
okwu ya nile t na ihe mgbu; na tlee umu aha t na ihe mgbu na nnukwu akk
ka mmekrta nke ha si n ihe any z. B. chch nke ma uto nke a d iche iche
dd kara nke s ut na-amas na-ele mara mma e nke a d iche iche dd kara
chta mgbe na-ege nt a mma music ,
Ke ofri ofri, jikoro nke obi t na ihe mgbu a ot ala agwa ikpe, nd z ha
dabeere na mfe obi t nke na uche ziri ezi, d mfe nghta, echiche, a ot elu, ihe na
anya nke mmekrta, mmekrta, njik ma b r uche-adgide d ot ah na-esi
ot ah na onye bla elu. Na nkt nd, n'ezie, d elu na-na-mgbe mgbagwoju anya
na ike nke chch.
Obi t na ihe mgbu b isiokwu, bgh nan a qualitative Mitbestimmtheit
kamakwa quantitative kwesr ekwes mkpebi siri ike. N'agbanyegh ot o nwere ike
iyi now, na quantitatively tnyere a t na ibe ya ma b a eweso ha iwe z, na ime
ka nd quantitative oke nke obi t na ihe mgbu mgbe niile on doro anya iwu, naaga ma n'ezie n'ebe nile banyere atmat nke d nchegbu, n'ihi na ihe at, na-ekwu
na any a ma b na z ma b na-erugh obi t ma b iwe mee ka ihe z. na
mara mma nke ukwuu dum omume nke nd na-ekokwas n'elu ya, ma br na naahr ihe z t-enye ma b na-ekwe nkwa obi t, obere mgbu na-enye ma b
N ekwe na-akwadebe nyochaworo. Ya mere nwekwara ike b kwa theoretically ma
b ihe fr nke ime na-enwegh banyere quantitative oke nke obi t na ihe
mgbu; ot a, ka dgh ihe z a ga-nwara tt ihe ga-as na nkenke ma doo anya
banyere nke a, d ka b omume ugbu a d nn ekwu.
Otu onye nwere ike mata ihe d iche a kp k n'n na tt n gg ihe t
na ihe mgbu, ma b n gg nd kp k n'n na tt obi t na ihe mgbu,
onye bbu d ka ogo ike ma b osisi ike nke obi t na ihe mgbu, nke ikpeaz mgbe
oge nke gbatr na n gg nke nd mmad n'otu n'otu site na nke
propagates. Ha n'ozuzu size, ot anya-ike ikwu ihe o, b ngwaaha nke ma.
The iche nke obi t na ihe mgbu n'ime ihe mb n gg, d ka ogo ike ma b
osisi ike pr ozugbo mere site estidem tnyere nke mmetta onwe ha, site n'inwe
ike b adgh ama ma na any nwere otu ma b z ikpe ike ma b adgh ike kar
chch; -enwegh, n'ezie, nke a atmat e mere b nn nk na mma-ma br na
nan ihe ga nwere ike rr ihe ma b obere ejigh n'aka na ebe nchekwa. A nke
onye scale site estidem tnyere nke mmetta onwe ma abatakwa, n'ezie bna kar
ejigh ihe n'aka nke na-aptagh h, ebumnobi, nwere obere site kpmkwem okwu
nke mmetta site n'okwu n na mmeghar, nwere obere ka amara na nke a ma b
na chch na ukwuu ma b kar mmefu nke r ma b n'aka nke chso otu b
mere. N'agbanyegh na ha ejigh ihe n'aka, any nwere ike ma ma kpr theoretically
na ihe fr nke ime na-enwegh; na na mkpa iji na-agbalsi ike, nwere obere iji belata
ejigh ihe n'aka na nke bla ka nta na o kwere omume, partly iji nweta ma b niile
na dabara ndokwa na nkezi.
Ke ofri ofri, b nn mfe na-eche d otu d na d elu d ka tnyere d iche
iche d na lar nke ike-ha mgbe nd d ot ah. D ka mfe gwa ma br any a

efere na-at mma kara onye z kara gwa ma br any a efere -at mma kara
esi s a ifuru, mfe gwa ma br any a sere ihe d ka d ka a Andrs d ka ma
br na any a sere ihe d ka d ka a mpempe music, k, na ihe t an ah bla
z, yana elu ime mm t bla z jiri ike d ka ihe t an ah na obi
t. N'ezie, otu nwere ike iche na d ma b lar site iche iche na-at t abgh
quantitative, ma kpomkwem tnyere naan na d ma b ego.
Ka dgod, na-akpa gw na nke a ka tnyere nke ike nke chch d iche iche
d ma b d elu nke ma d ka edebere h d iche iche na agba ma b ike nke d
iche iche-aj u.Mgbe any maara egosi bna na a obere iche d na h ab n'akk
yiri ebupta n'aka nke b Mkpa k ab kara nke z, na mara dee ma n'otu
nnukwu ndetu na ikwu iru ala, nke z ma b n ike mma-agha, na ikpe na nke a
b nn ike ma br na agba nke mkpumkpu udidi na na ada da d nd na-ahagh
elu. Ma, suffices na Blue ukwuu chawapr ma b darker kara red, a elu da
anam idem emem b nn ike ma baghkwa ime, diche nke ike b
unquestionable.
N'ihi na dgh onye obi ab ma, onye acha ann ann, nke d ezigbo doro
anya na anya na-enwu gbaa na-akp, d ka a red, nke naan d nn hr bursting nd
gbara chchr, ma b a siri nn audible ala da aha ike gwgw ka a ok
elu. Dr gaba n'ime ebe nwekwara tt nd a savory efere adr nk t, z
nwesr kpebiri tupu dabere na ya nke a ma b na mkpebi z d ka enyem; na n'ihi
na ya chr ka d bla nke t, ike agw ya oge nwa oge, n'oge na-adgh na-aba
a n'oge na-adgh na d d ka nd preponderance nke ike.
Na na mb atle atmat nke z na-erugh ke ogo ma b osisi ike nke obi t na
ihe mgbu, enwegh ezi ezu e nyere otu, nke ga-apta na-ekwe ka-dee nan ma a t
ma b ihe mgbu b mgbe ike kara nd z, ma ole nke ukwuu na onye d ka nd
z b oge, ma b ihe h, nke a nyere kprkp t ma b iwe bla unit d ka
isi ike kwa t ma b ihe mgbu nwere. On ruo n'k z usoro iwu kara nd bara
uru mmas kr ruo ugbu a maka obi t na ihe mgbu; ma na-ele anya ganihu nke
psychophysics mgbe site n'otu a nn nkt Maprinzip maka sensashion ka chta na
na mgbasa ya nile ka obi t na ihe mgbu ka a ga-ah, b ezie na ha abgh nd nke
mere nn doro anya akk na nke a na-ama ewetara;Ya mere, ka n ebe a ngidere
na echiche nke a quantitative mmekrita n'etiti emee iche iche eme nke obi t na ihe
mgbu n'ozuzu, n'inwekwu mkparta ka na nd d ot ah n'aka ma ike-atle. zkwa
enyegh ah n'ezie comparative tt nke obi t ma b iwe, kara nn nan na
atmat e mere ma ihe ma b obere, ma ibu ma b na-adakp, na-adr mmas
tt n'ime nsogbu nd a na-elebara nd na-eson.
Ihe isi ike nke otu d d ka quantitative atnyere ihe t d ka iwe machibidoro
onwe ya,-eme mgbe ag ihe j na iwe ga-eji tnyere quantitatively. Na nke a any
na-agagh na-atle any na-a obere mgbu ke zuo mgbe abatakwa any a ok chch
na ihe t nile na ihe mgbu nke ihe ga nke ma atmat any t elu, mgbe na d
iche iche n'etiti equivalents nke ma, d ka kwesr kamakwa a pr iji tnyere
quantitatively iwe; na any ga-,-ekwu, d ka equivalents ihe t na ihe mgbu na-ah
ebe dokwara ike drava-adabere na-abgh uche ziri ezi na nke drava na-n'aka nke

na-dimensioned d ka ha mmetta.
Njupta nke obi t nwere ike mgbe chch nke yiri nke iwe nke nd na-eson
ibiere na-ahta ka kot mbenata mgbu na Mbelata.
The maara mmuo aga d nn ka mma maka nzube nke Mgbasa nke obi t d ka a
Mbelata nke ihe mgbu na d nn megide Mbelata t d ka multiplication nke
iwe. The echiche na any ezute multiplication nke obi t na nke na any na-ezute
Mbelata mgbu, ma ag any ag echiche na-ezute n ke chch nakwa na any
izute multiplication nke ihe mgbu, bcha ihe nd unpleasurable. Mgbe nke ah gasr,
i kwesr iwu na iwu na-efekar ma equivalents, ma kwuo okwu naan na-akwanyere
onye.
Ozugbo easer kara na e nwere onye na-ufiop ego nke obi t na ihe mgbu, m
nwere ike ime na, e nwere tt ihe, gwla ma n'ezie a obi t nke ugboro ab oge
b ugboro ab ka nnukwu d ka nkezi ma b edo nke d mfe oge, d ka a ab n
gg d ukwuu nke nd mmad n'ebe nile ugboro ab na nke nke nkezi ma b
hara ka mfe gg.
Ya mere, any pr ikwu na 6 apl ekesa na 6 m nwere ike na-am 6 okpukpu at
t, d ka otu apple, onye kenyere, - na, mgbe a gw mmad nke m n'otu n'otu naekiri a fun n'ah h, na onye bla nwere ike kwesr otu d ka nwere n'uche
mkpokta chch otu m bla b ugboro d ka nnukwu d chch onye; na d ka
onye pr ikwu okwu nke a z ma na-erugh ihe t, ga-enwe ike ikwu okwu nke
h t. Ma br na chch ahagh nhata n'etiti m na-ekesa nd mmad, d ka nke
eziokwu n'ozuzu ha, n'ozuzu chr b m ugboro d ka nnukwu d ka nkezi t
bla; b ezie na mkpi nke nkezi ama ufiop ogo a chr. Dr gaba n'ime ebe, ma ihe
niile armr e nwere ike na space kpr, nwekwara ike ime ka nd
Extensionsmazahlen ihe t na ihe mgbu.
Na-akwanyere nd gara aga kpr, nd na-eson nn n'ozuzu ajj nwere ike
welie, nke m na-akp wa mbipta nke obi t na ihe mgbu, na, bna iche n'ebe nd
e zoro mwube nke okwu nke t na ihe mgbu nd ha ka nke ma na ihe j, na-ha
mmas, naan na-enwegh usoro nd a gnyere ya ga-ekwe ka ha mettara dmma
nke na-anchi anya ya okwu gburugburu nke ma na ihe j, na-aghta. Na nkenke,
b ihe kas n'ozuzu ajj nke obi t na iwe aku na uba na wa; na ga na n'otu
oge ah ajj banyere na nke nwere ike mgbe na-eme ihe utk enwegh nchekwube
na nchekwube, a ga-formulated ma kar kara ka any na-agba nkt na-ah.
l. Olee ebe b isi nd nke obi t na ihe mgbu n'z na nchikota nke obi t (d
ka a ngwaaha nke osisi ike na ruo n'k) ofri oge na ohere h nhata nchikota nke
ihe mgbu, ma b kara nchikota ke ofri adia nke z , N'oge na-adgh as onwe g
nile equivalents ihe t na ihe mgbu; na ihe banyere ma bgh ihe kas pta h?
2. br na na tt nd chere na nchikota nke obi t d ka ihe mgbu b variable
na oge, adgh ma nd ruru nke ab mgbe nile ma b na-eto eto a nta nke nta
ukwuu n'ike-n'ike kari nke-z, ma b akpatre okt otu nwet mbili na dda nke a
megide Andre na style ebe na oge mgbe niile na-eweghachi hara nhata ma b otu
nkezi nke ha Quanta z n'ebe ah.

3. br na mettara otu mmekrta nke obi t na ihe mgbu, nke b dum nke oge
na ohere, na nke bla e kere eke anya isi a oge n'elu mkpr obi mgbe nw; ma
b na-angide a akk nke kere eke na dum na mwepu ma b uru ka onye z.
4. Gn b mb ala ma na definitive ala nke wa d ka a dum na onye akpan akpan
d ka ha t na ihe mgbu nd; ma b, ot anya ghara ikwu okwu nke mb na nke
ikpeaz na-ekwu na a wa na-enwegh mmalite na gwgw, gn b nd d ka
nwere otu echiche d ka approximated, n'ihu onye nchu ya na-ekwu na oge azu azu
ma b n'ihu.
D ka nd kas mkpa n'okpuru nd gara aga ajj nwere ihe bla ikpe, nd mb naemetta ma ama z ma b na-erugh z as site na ha, azza nke z, a na-ama ya
nye nd akk. Na-emekwa b a okwu nke ok mmas; n'ihi na, br na
transpires na dum nwere ike b ihe z obi t kara iwe nke oge na ohere, ot ah
ga-a oge ah n'akpa nd z, mmad pr inwe obi t ah n'akpa nd ikom nd z,
ma b mgbe z nke nd ya. The obi t ebigh ebi onwe ya pr b naan kot
ihe h Hell nd abr n ma b backward otu ebighi ala nke obi t, obi. Ma
br na bna d mkpa kara ihe mgbu kara obi t n'oge niile o, ot ah ka bla
chch ime mkpesa bla obi t na wa, n'ihi na ga-kara nke mkpa site z
mwute, obi j, na gaara aka mma ma br na nd d ot ah a d egwu adgh,
d ka b echiche nke nd enwegh nchekwube n'ezie.
b na-ala ugbu a na tt nd ga-ach d na-ekpebi ajj a d ka ha chr ma
b okpukpe Vorbegriffen enwegh ma na-ewetara ya ot a nke onye mkpebi na-. N'ihi
na e nwere ga-nan na chch nke nd ah, n'ihi ya, ga-ach ihe-otiti mgbe chr si
n'ebe wa, na h na ihe j b dkarr nwekwara ike b onye na-achgh azza
wa nke mb na nke n'etiti evils na ga-anabata. Na Chineke ozugbo kwetara mwute
o nwere n'ihi chch na wa, na-enwegh na any ghtara ihe nke a nri, b onye
chr manye ya-atle ma; ee emi amade kpebie n'ihi na bna Chineke ab na ab
nwere ike ime ka ise-adgh ma br na bgh na-emepta ohiha ike
metaphysical-apgh ime t na-enwegh otu ego nke ihe mgbu, b ihe na-agagh z
igbochi Chineke, na ndu ebighi-chch ezi, ebigh ebi na iwe ihe j zuzuerteilen ka
nwere oke ego. Na na pr izu tt nd k mmta okpukpe ka na-ach bna d ka
a d mkpa nar af ise tupu ihe t na ihe mgbu nile, Ot d ya nwere ike gagh
egbo z, b onye chr niile nd ibe ya kacha zuru ok. Na ot ga-elegh anya
h oge maka Ise-okwu, ma dgh mkpebi na ot a.
A k ihe mma ike mfe a ga dabere na nd na-eson isi nke agwa na ihu ma nke
nd d mkpa nar af ise tupu ihe t na ihe mgbu. Obi t na ihe mgbu b nke naemegide; ma n'ebe nile Kp iche na equivalents. N'ihi ya, nti na-adgh mma nke
onuogugu usoro isiokwu a, na-nti na-adgh mma k eletrik, na o na-ije na one
direction na dokwara nnukwu ije na-abgh uzo. Ee, br na wa otu chere pta si
ihe enwegh mmas nd, nke mere na ha enwegh ike iputa d iche iche na gagh
ad ot andeghi nke mere na iche, gnyere t na ihe mgbu, mere na equivalents
iche iche ma na ruo mgbe ebigh ebi ngidekwara n'ime equivalents.
Na-emekwa, br na ihe a chr ihe indifferent oge ochie ala nke wa di nnoo,
gwgw ga-ab nke ziri ezi. Ma nd n'ezie ga ziri ezi, ga-elegh anya, mgbe

nwere a ezigbo wa pta. bgh kama n'ihi pta nke di nke otu ekwe omume naemegiderta ihe onye ka any wee na-akp nti, site n mmalite na ozugbo
preponderance megide ibe na-angide ruo mgbe ebigh ebi, na na oge na ebe, a
Mbelata ma b a nzkw azu azu, ma dgh ngkta abolition site z
ahmah. N'ezie, e nwere tt na-adgh mma d ka mma nmba d ka echiche, ma e
nwere nd ka bgh n'ezie d ka tt gua; na kwukwara onu ogugu enwere ugbua
monstrous buru ibu megide subtracted, na e nwere nd d egwu na-erugh gw d ka
a nti akpan owo. N'ezie, nwere ike mgbe bla ije-ab eme ya na otu size na-abgh
uzo bu n'obi, ma n'agbanyegh nke a otu thinkability circling niile mbara ala n'otu
uzo, any na-akp ha ikike onwe ha ma na-anyanw gburugburu, na n'akk nile nke
mbara ala isonye na a ije site na mpaghara nwere obere belata otu nke onwe ha na ije
a obere, nwere obere mgbal ike. Ugbu a n'ezie nwere n'ezie bla planet na otu
kara ya N'ezie anyanw gburugburu nd na-abgh direction kara nke z; ma onye
chr ka na-ekwu na nd mmegide n'etiti t na ihe mgbu b nke yiri kama na a ka
d eguzogide ije. Onye bla development kwa pr ijide n'aka, o nwere mgbe
welitere, na-dokwara ma na-at deere az d ka na-eche; ma wa na-mgbe
meptara on dum, n'otu uzo on, na mgbe na-alaghachikwuru a nwa ah n n'af, osisi
na nkpuru ahu, a nd mmad akpasarade ala az, ma br na bgh na-efu ele
mmad anya n'ihu regressions. The tnyere ihe t na ihe mgbu na nti na-adgh mma
k eletrik ma mettakwara nd z d na b isi akk bgh, gini ka na-d ka na
nar af ise tupu. Ya mere, a pgh ghagh electrified a aru, na-enwegh na ibe ya
ozugbo obi na-ezigh electrified, ma b na tfuru ya nti k eletrik. Ma, mmad
nwere ike inwe obi t na-enwegh onye agbata obi ya mere b enwegh obi t
na; ee pr ime ka obi t site onwe ha si ot inweta obi t, na-enwegh a
detectable dachi na ihe nd z eguzo nd a. kwesr b n'ihi na a zoro ezo
mmekrta, nwere ike dgh ihe z a ga-inferred site ntnyere na k eletrik.
E wezga niile ntnyere otu nwere ike chr na-ekwu na any nwere ike na-eche
obi t mgbe niile b naan d na ya iche na iwe; na b eziokwu, ogologo oge na
ihu igwe b ihe j, ka any na-enwe ezi ihu igwe; ka any na ag emekpa ahu, na
ihe t emere any ihe nd stilling nke otu. Onye bla ag ihe j iyi blunts mgbe
nile site na oge site, na n'etiti meren mgbu susceptibility na-amba ya z. Ma naerubegh ptara, na obi t nwere ike-ebi ibili megide iwe nan na-emegide na d na
mmegide; na Plato iche a n'ihi na a onwe onye na-kere dnaya. nwere ike na
flavorful any ihe na-enwegh any detr ihe rr ar sie, b r nk d ka
n'agbanyegh na-adgh amas any a Andrs; na elegh anya na fd nd nwere ike
kwukwara na oge na mgbe ka mgbe niile, ma b dgh ihe z d nn
predominantly obi t nile.
N'ikpeaz i nwere ike nwere ike ch ka o guzosie ike isi nar af ise tupu ihe t
na ihe mgbu na-a psychophysical amma. Ka e were ya, n'ihi na ihe at, na-akpak
na-ach imet maka ibu, ihe mgbu na nw nke kinetic ike nke ngaghar -. A amma
na nso nso a n'ezie guzobere - ot ah ga-d na nke mara iwu nke umu ihe nche nke
ike, n'ezie, obi t na ihe mgbu chefuo nile nke oge na ohere, na obi t mettara
onwe ya site anya mmekah n'ebe a na-na otu oge site na ihe mgbu nd z n'ebe
nd z na na oge. Ma m na uche nemegide ahmah nke a amma. -Eru nso nke sofa

d nd ike, gnyere psychophysical ah nile na mbelata, ma na-eweta n'ra ihe

mgbu; na ihe nd kas eme ihe ike omiiko obi t nwere ike d nn ka mma naunpleasurable d ka at t. zkwa e nwere amma nd z nyere n'iwu, nke
okosobode dgh otu emegiderta onwe ha na ahmah, ma rptara ihe d iche edu
(Nkebi XVIII.); ma any na-ahap psychophysical hypotheses wezuga onwe l.
Na niile gara aga n'ozuzu echiche ot nke mb isi ajj na ya na ike ngide naundecided. Ugbu a, i nwere ike na-ach a mkpebi na z nke ahmah; naan b
experiential itule ihe t na ihe mgbu na wa eme ka a z ma b obere aj aj na
nke onye na-eme atmat, nke ga-enye a d nn iche N'ihi ya, dabere n'ot mmad
si isi na-elekwas anya z b na h ma b chchr n'akk nke wa, na imegide
onye bla z ntukwasi igwe atmat. Hartmann ka na-etinye n na
anerkennenswertem se acumen factory kwesr hnanya na-emenye egwu ihe zuru
ezu ihe nile na-eme ka wa n'ezie d ka a j, na ihe mgbu mgbe niile ma ka naegosi na ibu ibu megide ag ihe j. Na mgbe na-enye onye bla na ahh nke
uka nhsianya nke klas nke nd mmad, nd uka nhsianya nke agha, af nke ok
unwu na aj ria nfe efe, uka arrala nke dd na nsogbu kwa nke e kere eke naad, tt puku nd isi nke nke ahu na nkpuru obi, lee, a envisages na any an ah ma
iche echiche mgbu n'ihi bch, izu, nwa, af nke ntp ah achgh dull, Ot
d, onye bla chch dulls adgh anya, mee elu mee, na ibu na-, any bla
Quelles aba akpatre ike gwr na-, Ot d, a mgbu any ga-ekwu okwu abgh na
ike gwr; ma br na niile tent ke kpoktara, na ihe nd yiri uche naan d ka ihe
ukporo na echiche efu banyere na-egosi banyere ot na-ekwesgh enwegh
nchekwube d na ikike. Ma e nwekwara counter-echiche ime.
Nwerela chch ya ibi na dum kara, ma br na bgh chch d nd nile
berwge? M nwere ike ezie na m eziokwu ghara igbapu na iwe intrusive
zusammenhuft na ibu pta nt, d ka chch; ma bna onye ka dum Taler ag
ihe j, enyene ihe dum Taler r kwesr-ewere ihe mgbu ke zuo, ga-ab a gha
na nkwupta, naan ndagwurugwu na ndagwurugwu r at anya na taa, mgbe nd na
nkeji, hour , kwa bch gw nke nd ya na-akas akw gw na ag ihe j aba
dimes na ego aka,. Ma bgh eziokwu?
Ka any were h ag ihe j, d ka ihe mgbu na d iche iche ebe nke wa, nd na
n'ihu a red, nke a site na a nwa ngwe akara (ordinate) on a lar gbelu; any na-gw
ewu na nnukwu nwa ugwu proportionate ma, le dsasr red ugwu megide na ike mfe
ch ngide na nwa elu na ibu ibu megide bara bara; ma ala n'etiti ugwu b na ala
elu n'elu lar gbelu ma na a kpagburuibe n'k nwere ike b red, na nchikota nke
red elu ma h ma b ha onwe ha nwere ike ghara iti nchikota nke nd isi ojii. N'ezie,
b otu n'ime tt z mgbu na ihe t na-adgh soro ruru nke a d mfe antithesis,
na obi t nkesa na otu onye b nn iche, d ka ihe mgbu nkesa, na n'agbanyegh na
i nwere ike imeri-enwegh ezi N'ihi.
Ka a tlee ya b otu akpan akpan, ma br na ama iwe na isi mmalite apgh
dulled na-aga n'ihu n'ebe n'z d mfe d ka isi iyi nke obi t, si ot a na-echegbu
any tt ihe nd z na-adgide adgide, nke a na-ah gw atr site n'eziokwu
ah b na isi mmalite nke obi t ike dochie anya mgbe ok na agafegh oke

dgod na-ebi-hr pr isi kwuo na n'ihi na any na-ach obi t, n'ezie hr mgbe
o kwere omume, mgbe ngidere na iwe na isi mmalite any zutere dt obere naan
megide uche nke ayi na ihe mere na any na-eme ihe niile kwere omume d nn
izere ha. Ya mere, nwere ike nr t bch bla z n'ebe onye ya tt kf,
b ezie na pgh t gaa n'ihu ya d ka br eti ya ihe otiti wee na a eze mgbu
nwere ike; n'ihi na ekpori tt kf na tt nar ya ya nri ehihie bch bla z
na-at t, nke nan ole na ole ha na-na na intermittently nsogbu nke a persistent ah
mgbu. ma, b nd nwere mmas na-ekwu na chch nke a kwa r, chch n'anya,
nspr, na beneficence wdg blunts n'echiche z, d ka ha wee ghara inwe ngidere
adgh, Ot d, adgh agw agw isi mmalite nke ugboro ugboro chch gha
nime ya. Ibu iro, kpas pr b nn ilu ma d ilu a pta; ma ha b naan na e
wezga Ot d, nke hnanya na mkpakrta na mgbe nile na z nd ime. Gn
b nj kara ihere, ma e nwere ihe z nspr n'wa d ka a ihere. Megide tt
puku nd na-ag na-aggbu, e nwere tt nde nd na-jupta, na amamihe eme nke
saturation bgh nan na-ewelite ukwuu n'ime ihe mgbu nke ag, ma outdoes ya obi
t. dgh onye na-at egwu, ma fr nke nta onye bla na-enwe olileanya ah n
nd ya, na br na olileanya mezuo ma b, n'ihi ya, na-eme ka obi t nke
nd. Niile na ihe niile nd mmeghar anya nke na-ewetara t, na-erugh t na e
nwere nd mmeghar anya; na pessimist ha ot ezigh ezi, sweeps si gw ah.
The nwoke na-emekwa fd d bla, d ka ogologo oge o bi, na e nwere ziri ezi
mgbe nile nzube d ka ma b iji gbochie ma b kpochap isi mmalite nke ihe
mgbu, ihe na-agbal maka ya. E nwere Ot d na kwa bch z nd d egwu nd
z nke nta ka br na nwoke n'ihi na bch edemede enweta bgh e nweta ihe,
na ebe madu amama ibu nzube, tt ihe nd z nkt bch bla a nke mbido
nzkw d ka a nzkw az na-akwanyere thereto mere ; bgh nan na ya iji
nweta ihe ebumnobi onwe ya, Ot d, kamakwa atmanya nke ihe nweta na a tr
ime ya, akpatre bla mkpachi ka n'echiche nke obi t. br na m na-agba s
a logarithmic ngkta oge, mgbe ah, bla nhazi kwa nke a logarithm, nke m gara,
Bilie na gw ah nke a obere uku fr t; na ot onye ngwu ifuru bed, onye
bla sod, na seamstress na-eset gburugburu a kw, onye bla pinprick, nkenke,
ihe r nwere n'uche, bla enyo, nzkw na onunu nke b na ebumnuche. b
ezie na ugbu a na-a di ok obi t fr site n'ngide na site na oge nke nd nkt r
site, n'ihi na onye bla oge d nn nta nke na na-ad mfe ndibh nt na icheta
ihe, a pr ch na flashbacks na-ar r, kama a Hing eduzi egosi na nbata-uz kara
fr nke obi t n'ime ya; ma i nwere ike elegh anya imata na any na-emebu l
aha kama na kwa nke any na-akp enwegh mmas, na-any na ala nke uche, na m
na-ach n'ezie a d ka isi ihe na nke obi t nke nd. N'ezie, any pr di kwa acidic
ma b tinye as oyi mgbochi ma b na-amanye any r r maka nzube nd z
kara, ma b na-efu efu na kpchiri nan na-ar r. Ma bgh nd na-ach; n'ihi
na kpomkwem n'ihi na nke ga-eme a iwe ok ibu na wa, wa guzobere agnye naabgh. na-ah a Mason ma b Steinklopfer ma na-eme ka ya na-ad kwa acidic,
na br na chpta na z mara mma kara na-ar r bch on Sunday, gaachpta nke ah ihe ga-ejighi br bch bla kwesr Sunday. zkwa
nabata mgbanwe site ar r na udo na tt ihe nd z na-ahkar ihe ike

gwgw ma b ahuokika. Ihe isi ike ha mgbu mmetta n mma kpmkwem site
na amuma nke ga-esi merie ha, ime naan adkargh na N'ezie nke r kwa bch,
na ha na-emeri, na aga na ihe mgbu na-akas gw atr site nke na-emeri. The
r na onye na-emere nd z na-argh fr nke nta mgbe n'otu oge maka onwe
ya; ee ya d na otu n'ime ihe nd kas d ir levers ihe t aku na uba na wa, na nzube
nke onye ah n'etiti ha mmad kama izute eme ka kpochidoro na n'ijikta ihe, ebe
nd na nke kacha mma n'aka na nke a ka na-efu efu, nd Company Aims z na nd
z otu na-.
Na, ka any ghara ichefu banyere nile chch na-agba ya n na a agafegh oke lar
site n'wa, na elu ugwu na-ekwu otu ihe ah d ka nd b nd ma na-atle. Na ihe e
emee m ihe niile. A eji obi t na mgbede na ufan mm, echiche na a mara mma na
marcha ihu, mgbe mb nd na-eto eto hnanya, mmetta nke maara n'ime na
mwute na otu ma b a onye na nne chioma, nke nabata a ok onyinye ma b
na-enye Christmas Iv, nd mara mma echiche nke a njem na Raphaelsche Sixtina na
Fernandes C obere Symphony, na whatnot ma; n'elu ihe nile a ak na uche na nlezi
anya n'aka Chineke iguzo. ga-ab ihe ihere ma br na a wa adgh ad na ihe a
nile.
Any nwere ike ugbu a nakwa na aga na echiche nd pessimistic echiche adgh
gbaghaa ah preponderance nke ihe mgbu n'elu t na wa na zuru rigor, ma b ot
ah ka sharpness otu mitigate ji na-agbachitere ha d otu sidedness. M na-ekpeghachi,
nd experiential echiche b ihe siri ike chpta kpmkwem. Mgbe niile gara aga
echiche, M ekwupta, chr onwe m mgbe o yiri ka br na ihe niile e ke niile
mgbu ma ofri berwge, oleekwa ot ihe m na-ar gburugburu, nke o yiri ka tt
d, mgbe ka nwere ike n t ka nd ,Ma ka e were ya n'ezie b ot ah, nke mere
na b isi ajj nke ga na-abata any kpebiri ma ihe bla na-erugh na a pessimistic
uche.
N'ezie, any bna kara ajj nke dude nd nke obi t na ihe mgbu mmas
ajj b ma na n'echiche d aaa, mmekrta d n'etiti ganihu nke oge, nke any n'ihu
onwe ha na-agbanwe; na any ga-enwe ike iche na-eduzi ka mma site na nj, ma any
na-aga site nhjuanya nile site ya, e nwekwara naan aga izute na-agafe wa a, a obi
t ikpeaz ala, ya mere, any nwere ike onwe any a now unsatisfactory ala banyere
ya mma na amuma itinye elu na ihe mgbaru s ya.
Ugbu a n'wa na-adgh ada ka, na b fd na, ruokwa na mgbanwe ya
emanating si maara drava, na-eme ka isi mmalite nke ihe mgbu n'ihi na ichebe na
mba ya ka isi iyi nke obi t, mkpochapu na Mbelata; agbanyegh lr akpr
ebe a nwere a kprkp uru n'elu iwe tupu chch nke otu ga-eche na, ma br
na bna ihe mgbu ibido nn berwge, ag ihe j akpatre ga-enweta elu
aka. Mgbe na-eti tt mgbal iji melite ala nke wa, ada ma b rafu ha; ma ha b,ekwu, kws mgbe ha mesr ihe ga nke ma ma, na bla ga nke ma b naan nd
nzkw a hr ga nke ma. Bara uru d ka ezi nk zuru ok onwe ha, n'echiche a,
ihe meptara mgbe niile nwere nd z na sayens na-achr ganihu hr
AIDS. Ugbu a b ezie na nd ekike nke onye na ekike nwere ike nd z na-aba
esemokwu, kama n'elu ihe niile n'otu n'otu ekike-eme ka nwekwara a z n'ozuzu

ekike-azr na niile a ka nj gw uru nke dmma, obi t di ala z na nd

z. N'echiche a, b na na oge na-aga - otu-eji tnyere nan zuru ezu ogologo oge
na-zuru ezu nnukwu l - zuru ok okpukpe na omume ma, iwu, nd chch naelekta mmad oru karia ma nd z zuru ok n'ihu n'elu uwa mgbasa.
Kwesr ijide n'aka, mmetta na-ar r nke kere eke kwupta ha ka mma nd
site adakp adakp mmetta si amagh ihe bla dd na-aga n'ihu gehends itule
ngidere na-enwe, ot ah ka mma-apgh ike. Ma on Kama nke ah, a ok teleology
nke okike, ma b any na-ekwu ihe na-amas zeitgeist, a causality na na Mmeri
Ewezuga d ka teleology, na-ar r aka na aka na nd na-achso nke nd
mmad. Olee imetosi nwere ike b na e gosiri d ka okwu site na mmalite na; Ugbu a
gaa na anyanw na nwa na n'otu oge ah d ka a elekere, d ka h na mb na
tkwara okpomk iyi ka a ebube-acha ann ann ma b kpakpando juru n'elu
igwe isi nke nd mmad, na Anglkan, nwoke iji na-eduzi ihe niile e kere eke na-z a
na-agaziri d ad n'okpuru nyere Ihu Igwe na mpaghara nd, na nwere mgba maka
d ad onwe ya nan na-uche, nd kas mma a kwadebere nke ka na-ekwu na ebe.
br na na-aj mgbe ah mere bgh ma ka o nwekwuo n'agbanyegh nke a
na-ap ap mgbe niile n'otu uzo chch mma ka-ah n'wa taa, ka unu wee naecheghi bna ma ma ag ihe j ma ihe mgbu kas pta h, ma b nwere ike
b bna chch nke ikpeaz ma b na-atle tumadi, ot ga-azali onye pr j
bla mgbe na nke wa b ihe bla ruru bna mara ihe mere bgh ma e angide
na-enm, ga-d nn b na ha na ime ebe otu anya backward, d ka ozokwa
az. The gafe n'k nke z mgbu na-eche d ka ma nwere ike b n'ihi na onye
bla gw kpakpando d ka ihe nile ekere eke akpan akpan a d iche iche.
The pessimist ga-ah n'ezie site nile bgh tie ha ihe, ma ihe a ga-jr: mb, na
mgbe mmad na-mgbe na-ach na-emeghe hr na isi mmalite nke obi t, b
naan n'ihi na o ji nway nway dulls megide okenye, bna na-efu nke
Emfnglichkeit maka ochie b na-anabata hr; nke ab, na d ka ganihu nke
mmad mmepe anya, ka isi iyi nke obi t mbaa, mmba, na n'otu oge ah mgbu
abawanye na abawanye, ya mere, ka nd ruder ala nke ochie bgh inwe a z
ndabara j, nd z mepere anya bgh inwe obi t kar, mgbagwoju anya May,
thirdly, any na-ah d ka doro anya ndghachi az kara ganihu mma nke nd,
na-ach az na oge. Na nkenke, na ihe nile mgbal iji melite ala nke wa, na-dgh
aka, ka unu wee debe ochie mmekrta d n'etiti obi t na ihe mgbu na na a hr
d, na hr mmepe ogbo chm; Ot d, ga-bna nj na-enwegh a chso
steeti. Na onye na-agnah na jr a gw Art nwere iyi.
Ka dgod, e nwere, d ka na-ama eti, na isi mmalite nke obi t, b nke m
mmad mgbe dulls, ma nke na mgbe niile na-alaghachikwuru oge na hr
freshness, ma insofar ka dulls megide isi mmalite nke obi t, b naan Ama p
mgbe ha nwere obere ibu site na isi mmalite, nwere obere elu t ga-anchi, na hr
na isi mmalite nke ihe mgbu na-ghari elu nke mere na, b ezie mere na disturbances
na inhibitions nke hr na isi mmalite nke obi t, nke mmad ma bgh na-ekwu
na ha kagbuo otu na chefuo. Na-akp nd a gbochie gba aghara na inhibitions site na
ihe mgbu na ha na-akpte, ot a d ike drava si bulie ha, na ihe ha na-; na r na a

na-eji b ya onwe ya a isi iyi nke obi t, onye na nd z na atmanya nke nwere
oke r elu na a onwe-echichi nke obi t. Onye bla nzkw az na mmelite mma
nke nd akpatre nwere ike na-ahuta ka a hr mmalite nke ukwuu mma.
Ugbu a, n'ezie, na ntakr oge na mpaghara kenmde d ot ah nke ndaghachi
azu, na-eme ka o sie ike isere a fd ntem ke tnyere nke mb na ugbu ugboro maka
dum oge; ma nche ga-esiwanye ibu oge na ebe ewere n'ime ha tnyere. Na m na-eche
na dgh onye nwere ike h oge nke stilt ulo nile nke omenala oge nke any bi na ya
taa,-ekwu, nke taa obi tara mmiri, na-any laghachi n'oge ah, zurckzuwnschen
any omenala na-ekwu ma b njikere ahia akpata. b eziokwu, a cruder ala idghe
a unglcklicherer, ma br na ghara iche na siri onye bla na-ekwu b na crude
ala obere nd obi t, ihe nd na-ata ahh, gnyere, d ka ak, n'ihi ya, naagagh adte ot -ahr kpebiri ide, ma nwere ike n'ezie na-ekwu, ma adighi egosi
na nke a b nan echiche efu nke ma, na-enwegh ike ikwu na any na-ahr ugbu
ala, n'ihi na b ugbu a ewepgh; Kama nke ah, nwoke ah mgbe niile na-ap
chch ya banyere ugbu a ala, na mgbe ah nwekwara ike elegh anya mfe ekwu
chr az, ma na insofar ka n'otu oge ah na-idyllic, adabako n'ihe okike chere
na; mgbe oge mb ejigh nd nke nd mmad na d nn nd Kama nke ah, br
na nd ha b kama ndl na dd.
ga-ab ihe ijuanya, n'ihi na ihe niile na-ejideghi na wa, ihe mma na nk, naaga n'ihu mgbe iji onye nkwalite b ime ndi mmadu ikpeaz na a nile, ga-akws na
otu ndek, bgh na-ara ra oruru nke a na-enwe ganihu onwe ya na einginge,
ntghar obodo nke obi t nke m mmad. Ma mgbe onye bla hr na-enwe
ganihu nke otu hr mgbochi okosobode, adru ele mmad anya n'ihu nloghachi
aga na-mere ka dum osimiri ma p na ya on.
Ka dgod, ihe nwere ike na Yanwa nd pessimist optimist mgbe o mechara naewelite ajj d ka nd a megide ya.
b na unu na-ama ma, na br na-chr were a nzkw-at n'echiche nke
na-amba t ma b kpukpru usen mgbu ruo mgbe ebigh ebi maka dnihu, i
nwere chch backward ebigh ebelata, na-eche na ihe mgbu ruo mgbe ebigh ebi
na-eto eto; ma adgh njikere bgh g, were wa na enweghi ngwcha iwe malite na
site eons na a monstrous ibu ok ibu na mgbu n na-ejeghar n'ihu ya otu abawo
ugbu sonso gnagide ala nke wa site gradual n. Ma, ga bna na-ekweta na m
na-adgh ekweta na ga-ab na wa nke nta nke nta ka mma mgbe m nwsr, na nd
na-anwgh mgbe m uru-ya nile aghwo ihe na-enyere m ma br na m na dgh
k na nke a Mma Mgbe mgbe a enweghi anuri s nd , N'ihi m, wa a mgbe niile
ogbenye, na wa ya onwe ya b na ihe j, na dgh mma ga-maka na tt
mmad.
Ka dgod, nd mb gwgw onye chr ebi nso ebigh azu azu, kwa se enwegh
nkt ike, n'ihi na pr asymptotically mbanye ebigh a zero kpr ma b nwere
oke kpr na-enwegh di ya site a ebughi direction ub-at ma b backward; Ya
mere kwesr na az na-ach mgbe ebigh ebi, bgh ka eduga enweghi ngwcha
iwe uto nke ihe mgbu ma b a n ke ag; mana nwere ike na mb echiche az na
dum mgbe ah ka iyi na-enyo enyo; n'ihi na e kere eke guzo ap bla ikpe a n'uche ya

onwe ya, ebe b na ha na-aba na a nwere oke ogo t ma b ihe mgbu dr naan
na a nwere oke oge, ie ike onwe onye si n'ozuzu d ad pta; naan na obi t na
okwu nke ha ga-eme n'dnihu na-angide n'ebe a; na-ekwupta nye ayi, ot bara uru
na mkpa pr b any echiche ot anya izute onye-sidedness na g nke enwegh
nchekwube, tiri ha kama megide akk mb nke anapta na obi t na-akwanyere
nd gara aga nke dum bgh site, guzo imegide nke ab, d ka na- -eme n'dnihu
nke e kere eke, adgh ma mere. D ka any b na any counter-echiche anagh akws
ebe ah. A ka nwere ezumike otu akpatre zoo, nke na-eduga n'ezie ala ubi nke b
ahmah na ubi nke okwukwe, ma nke ndondo emi okre niile atmanya d n'ebe d
anya na d elu, ma na ya mere ka site n mmalite. The pessimistic anya n'abal nwere
ike a nzkw na bch ah anya bgh nan na nke a bgh nan na-ewe az ebe a
z, bgh chebe, ha d nn adgh eme ya na.
kw, ka Onye-pessimist, n'ihi na i gbaghaa ahmah m, na-agbal ya na
okwukwe n'ime-acha ann ann. Na n'ezie, enwegh nchekwube nke abal echiche
na negation nke a okwukwe n karr nke ya, kpgidere n ndammana. Ka dgod,
okwukwe na Chineke, na nd, oleekwa nd wa site ok chch, kas elu na ikpeaz
mgbaru s ma dgh okwukwe na-acha ann ann, na-achta n'agbanyegh
nchekwube na-ekwu ya remanded akwado na Day echiche. Ma na-enyo n'ebe a na
usoro iwu uru nke Day na nd bara mgbe ah ka any mkpa na-enwegh nchekwube
daba, dochie, na nke nwere ike nwere adaba kpr nke okwukwe (Jehovovch. IX)
onwe ha na-eme ka akwado ya.
Ihe b: d mgbe a ihe n'ozuzu nd n'elu nd nke onye na otherworldly nke onye
na nd nke wa a, nke mere wa mbipta nke obi t na mwute na nakwa ka naakwanyere thereto, na insofar na nchikota nke ihe any nwere ike-enwe n'ozi any
ejedebegh nd nke wa a, a ga-aza mgbe any na-ah na udi mgbanwe nke obi t na
ihe mgbu na nd na-ama n'of na ndt na-abawanye nke izugbe nd nke d
ad. wa ajj ma na mmekrta d n'etiti obi t na ihe mgbu mgbe kee n'akk, na
ma na Olee ot b banyere mgbanwe dara n'ihi na bch echiche na ajj n, ihe
d mmekrta d n'etiti obi t na ihe mgbu nile d ka Chineke, na ebe n'ihi na
Chineke mgbanwe. N'ihi na mgbe Chineke na-eburu nd niile o kere ya, na-agba ha
nile obi t na ihe mgbu n'otu oge nile nime unu, nke nwere ike-ach na izugbe na
elu ndokwa na mmekrta d n'etiti d ad na e kere eke. Ak any adgh ach now si
any ala si ele ihe anya, ihe nd a na mmekah idoanya na n'aka na ihe nd kas na
kas elu n'gb nke nd n'ime ya, ot any na-echiche d ka nd a na nkwado nke
okwukwe na n ekwegasr na-adgh na Chineke naan nd a elu t kara kere
eke d, ma na mgbanwe na nd na-play nke obi t na ihe mgbu na creaturely ebe b
nke ya onwe ya nd a na nd.
M na-ah a sere nan na echiche nke nd d iche edoghi na agba na ya d mfe njik,
n'ihi ya, na-amas m eche na b a olileanya na-adgh tangle na gbaghara. Ma m
na-ah ya d ka a dum, ot ah ka m nwere ike nk a ptara na na-enye m obi t
nke na m na-apgh gabiga recoup nchikota nke onye onwe ya na-ach ijide, na ebe
bgh nan na ala iwe, na kensinammuo si ga-iputa tktara nke edoghi na na agba
maka onwe ha, bgh ka e kpuchie, kamakwa ihe mgbu na-kara ka nwere ike iputa
si tr ime nke ptara fd isi akk nke sere onwe ya, b nn ekwes sere. Ke

ofri ofri, na-ach, d ka mgbe niile bla z obi t na ihe mgbu nd, ala na
l nke ma mma n'z zuru ezu, bna iche n'z na nke a, iji nweta ukwuu ma ihe
iche iche elu ma mma nile. Ot dr onye na-enweta ihe a na h nke sere n'onwe
ya, b eziokwu n'ihi na onye na-ese na-emepta ya na onwe ha. bgh nan na ihe
osise, b na nd niile art na-ar r ot ah. Kama nke artwork wa etinye kama
onye na-ese na kesinamde n'otu oge etinye Chineke, naan na o nwere a z n'ime
mmekrta nke wa impacted site ya d ka onye na-ese n'ihi na r ya.
ma ndammana ebube ma wa nri sere tnyere, ma b ihe ekwu otu ihe, ma a nri
nke art b a ezi onodi nke wa. b n'ebe ah ka na-ezu j art na wa, ma bgh
ihe niile d n'wa na-ebi b r nk. b eziokwu, ma gn mere na e nwere ihe j
art? N'ihi na onye na-ese dghkwa ihe na mmetta nke ihe t nile na ihe nile mgbu,
nke ga-iputa site na echiche nke ya r, ma b ihe mma iji niile nke nd nke
obi t na ihe mgbu, ma-bu ike nile nzube nke ya na mgbal nwere. ma ya mmetta,
ya ihe mma na ikike sitere na ime ebe na elu n'akk nd a, nke zuru ok na-r
ya; Chineke nke Day kama na nke a nile nka. Na br na ihe niile b bgh mgbe
niile b r nk nd d n'wa, ot ah adgh ihe niile d artwork onwe ya d ot
ah. Ya mere, wa dum pr nn nke ma d ka a predominantly at t Onyonyo
artwork n'ihi ihe niile na-amak ya mere elu mmekah na-akpa gw maara nke oha
na eze mata, na-enwegh na-akpa gw maka warara na ala mmata nke nd mmad
n'otu n'otu d ka nke a.
Direct na general-eson echiche na-eduga n otu ihe ah. N'ezie, chch b kama
niile maara na ya onwe ya obi t kara mgbu, naan a b nd nke ya onwe ya ag
ihe j, na ugbu a na chch nke onye na-na atuaha na chch ma chch nke z
ah. Mgbe ibu uzo ma onye na-adkwagh ot obi d ya, ihe mma, nk, na-erugh
ya pr imeri mmetta ezute si n'z na nke ka uku ya ike na-al g maka ezi nke
dum, nke na-achkwa, site na nke na-amkr t na ihe mgbu, n'ihi na eme ka
n'ah. Ma site n'otu oge jikr Chineke nke Day dum mpaghara nke d na naadkwagh, karr echiche niile e kere eke.
N'ihi obi t na pr inweta dude ekwu nke wa, e nwere a chch na-amba nke
chch ya, Mbelata mgbu, nkwalite na isi mmalite nke obi t, mkpochapu mgbu na
isi mmalite, obere d ka r obi t nke mb d ka mata ihe d iche na-anabata.
nke inye ihe,-eme ihe ma, na-agw an ah na nke omume esigh ike; chch nke
ihe e kere eke mara mma r, mma nke bara uru l r, wdg nwe ebe a. Ke adianade
do, e nwere obi t na atmanya nke ga nke ma r d ot ah na, ma mgbe e
mesr (h okpuru) a ga-atle ka iwelie ag site na ntziaka nke ihe ga nke
ma. bna mgbe a nw n'ihe banyere ma Chineke rite na-abawanye na chch ihe
nile O kere eke, d ka ogologo d ka onye nd nke e kere eke onwe ha nke a na
mmelite mma nke nd nke wa na nghta na amamihe mee direction ihe ga nke
ma b ihe karr ha agnye ya chm; mgbe ya nile ekike na r nke kas elu lar naewe nke a.
-Alghachi nd, chepta ajj, b ezie na-ada dgh mma mkpebi wa ajj
alaghachi ma na Didie ke steeti t maka dum mpaghara nke d ad, d ka any si ele
Chineke mgbanwe; any nwere ike iche na aga, na chch kwantum nile na-angide

mgbe nile na naan ruru nke ya cha ga-agbanwe site n'r chch na-akwalite isi
mmalite nke obi t na obi t nke amamihe eme ihe ga nke ma na nke a mgbe
niile d ukwuu d abginge maka na nwunye, d ka site ihe ga nke ma na-akwalite
onwe ya nweela anabata chch ma b ha na isi mmalite; - ny nwere ike iche na
steeti nile na ihe mere na b ihe enwegh mmas na steeti center kenmde n'etiti t
na ihe mgbu, ma b a ala nke ha n'etiti dude t na ihe mgbu na-eru nso, ga-ach
az ya, ebe a megide a mere obi t ma overweights b ohere, na ime ebe-at, ma e
wezga na nke a b ibu ok ibu asymptotically zustrebe a akpan akpan zaa ma b a
ibu on bla lekwasr adianade b l. nye pr ma ma ot b ya mere ma b
ihe nd z d iche iche, n'aka ikpebi; any ahap ha ot undecided, na-any af ojuju
na-achta dgh ihe mere na aga bla ikpe na chch kwantum World ka a dum, ya
sochiri backward ma b zipu, dabere na ala-agbada iwe kwantum - n'ihi na ihe naefu na nke a n'okpuru, ga na-ah gw atr elu ma b kpasu outbid - chta a
n'ozuzu na bgh kr af n'ala chch na wa ka mma dude nd.
Ma ihe nd e kere eke na-enwe nchegbu, na-echetara any na nke ab nke otutu,
any nwere ike, mgbe nile na ihe mgbu na mmalite nke d ad ha - na dum nd nke
wa a b otu n'ime ha - ebukargh, ot aba Fort gwgw on a nd n'dnihu naeson akk ihe echiche.
Na ntziaka nke ganihu nke nd nke ihe mgbu na d t, any na-akp ha ziri
ezi, ihe nile elu a nd abawanye nke chch ya, na agbara nke otu nd, any naakp ha nd aj omume, nd d ot ah na-abawanye nke iwe, nke b nwere ike h
mfe at d iche iche ihe ga nke ma, na-enwetara, dabere ma onye ga-egbo na a
adabako a dissonant aghta ihe at ma b na-an otu chords na agbara iji. Lee
diche mmetta nke af ojuju mb ah na nke ab ah dissatisfaction. b ma
nan otu ihe at nke a n'ozuzu eziokwu. br na any were ya ab bla, nd
obibi nd nke nd mmad, iche site ya mmetta na nd h t na ihe mgbu nke
nwere maka ya; ot ah ka obi t ma b iwe ga ebukargh nile dabere na nri ma
b na-ezigh ezi usoro. Na nri N'ihi ya, chch ah n'ihi mmegide megide aga na
mkporomaasi ogosiri ba na-enwegh na mgbu nwere ike ba si ot n'ihi na iche
bgh n'ebe ah; any na-eche bgh nan na chch nke ugbu a d ka nd,
kamakwa ihe d iche nke otu si aga mgbu nd obi t. Na-ezigh ezi usoro, agbara
b ikpe. Ugbu a, ka wa ga-amas enwegh ihe mgbu ike nwere, d ka ha chch b
na onye d ka dum ptara ka gbakwunye iwe na isi mmalite nke obi t kama na nri
d ka ezigh ezi N'ihi ya, ma si ot iji nweta a t onwe ya. Ya dkwa n'okpuru nduzi
nke, na-at anya bgh nan na ndi nile ohere, ma na-enwe mgbe niile na cross, nd
e kere eke na n'ndu-aba, nkt achso, n'echiche a, nd mgbe a nwsr d ka a n'ihi
nke a wa na mma nd nke nri usoro maka wa a -ab. Iji mezuo nke a, ma ka
emee eson echiche.
bgh bla disharmonious aghta ihe at ga-egbo site bla harmonic, kama
b naan site na otu nke n'abgh disharmonic d ka ya. bna a j egwu-apgh n
mma site a mma sere; bla n'gb ma gwa nwanne harmonic jedebere n'onwe
ya; na d ka a dghachi n mma nke nzuk CV nke a onye na-adgh ike na-ewere
nd site na ndabara ma ibe; na e nwere mgbe a n'ozuzu n mma nke ihe j, nke
mere na onye bla ga na-at anya nd d ot ah nke aka ya j; iji jide n'aka fd

na-eche ihe karr ebe a na karr ya, na naan voraussetzlich rue bna j site nj
nd mgbe a nwsr na-esi d n mma.
Na nd a any n'ezie mgbe ezute-ezigh ezi pta n'ihi na onye-nri pta n'ihi na onye
nwere ike b ezigh ezi nke nd z. Ma br na any na-ele ziri ezi, akp na ba na
any rgoro nd mgbe a nwsr nd any gburugburu, merie akk nke z n'ozuzu
na elu mmekah ihe nke a ka nj igbari z na nd z, any na-aga agwa nd z
n'ozuzu na elu d ka nd na-ad Chineke, na na. Ugbu a n'ezie e nwere bgh nan
na nd hkwuo na obi t kamakwa ihe mgbu na n'ozuzu na elu mmekah ihe
a. Ma-adgh ala nd ot ike stabilization, n mma na kas nke ihe j. Ya mere,
any nwere ike na-eche nke ma ihe na-anara nd a bara ele ihe anya ma na-akwado
site na nd z sara mere na ihe j nd counteraction megide j, nke bara site
n'aka ya na wa, d ka ah gbasara na elu n nke nd nke nd na ihe mgbu d ka
ntaramahh na-eche na bna bit ya aka na ya wa warara Lebenssphre na na-ji akpatre amanye laa azu ihe n'etiti wa a b ezugh. Ma ka o si ot abatakwa
ntziaka nke ma, na-inweta nke elu ngwongwo nke nd a na akk, ebe onye
nke Diesseits Good d ka na-abanyekwa nd mgbe a nwsr ozugbo isiokwu
kpuchie. Ya mere, na-eme chch ganihu n'wa a na nd ma na dum na af ojuju.
Mgbe niile, bla ikpe abgh ihe mgbochi, ihe bara uru mmas choro ka ikwere
na onye odukde ke uwem, z na nd z nwere ike ga a kpamkpam blissful ala site
n'z rnyere uche ya na omume - on nkezi drava ama ebe a kacha mma kas mma,
nd a pr tkwas obi mgbe na-aga n'ime ebe d anya - na na, mgbe abr mmad
mgbe niile hr n'ihe ize nd d ukwuu iwe isiokwu, ha n'aka nke nwere ike si ot
reversing mmekrta na ha nd ha na-agbalsi esiwanye n'ime ihe nd kas nkt naakas nd yiri ya kwara bna na-eme ka o kwere mee ka obi t nke dum; -ab
br na ha adgh eme ya ji obi ya, akpatre amanye ya ime. N'ihi na Bestande
nkwenkwe a ma nn echiche e site Day okwukwe b nke kas elu na ikpeaz ihe.
b otu agadi ajj na-ezu, karsa na okpukpe songs, an ma na-ag na wa b
a ndagwurugwu anya mmiri. Ma br na o nwere oke mara mma, mma na Love,
bgh ya mere ihe j na-eme ya, ot ghara ghara na b n'ihi na tt nd
ma. Ugbu a ma br na biri nd n'wa, ihe any na-akp ya, nke ab na nke
ikpeaz n'ihi na a mb, ya mere bgh naan n'ihi na nd tt dgh nkasi-obi, ma
dgh enyemaka mgbe nile megide enwegh nchekwube. Ma na any, d ka nd any
d ugbu nwere olileanya nke a nke ab, na nke a b a n'ozuzu chch nke ime bla
nke ab mma kara nke mb, nwere ike na-enye any a nkasi obi na enyemaka a.
fn fd ndidi gburugburu ebe a na-lu-ebube mgbe na-arah site a ogologo
na nwnwa nd siri ike, ma br na ha adgide a na-eju af Abschlusse, na gaab megide az gwgw nke nd, ha nwere emeela: biri ga-ach ma b dr
nd? br na na-ach d iche iche na a doro anya na ak na uche az n'oge gara
aga, ot ah ka ga-as: Achgh m ka m. Na nhjuanya d nn arah, b ya mere
kechioma, na ambawo ya ah n'ihi mmegide megide nd nke mb na-ata ahh, nke
ukwuu mma ma br na ejik nd na-enwe olileanya atmanya na a ga-eme
n'dnihu nd na ya. N'ezie, br onye na-aj ajj: ma br na na-eru nso, dum
ego nke ah ah na-enwe obi t Abschlusse ruo mgbe chr zpta nkwubi okwu

a n'ihi na-aga site dum nd, ma b kama adgh ebi nd, mgbe ah, fd ga-ele na
cheekwa ozo. Ya mere, o nwere ike b na wa iji nd mmad enwegh na-ar ha,
site na-ata ahh na ha apgh zpta ha ka ha na-enwe obi t ebe, n'elu onye
inweta obi tr ha t dr nd.
N'ihi ya, m na-eche maka a ugboro ugboro ji image wa mgbanwe d ka a nchkta
egwu, na N'ezie ghara ikwe na ihe na ar dissonances je izute d ka symphonies any
egwu l Nzuk Alaeze na, ma-emettakwa nd mkpebi d ka a dum na ka onye
bla na site na nke a bna na-aga n'ihu mkpebi, chch hr a nchkta egwu nke
ga-akwali naan ihe dabara n'usoro dka. fd awasawo gafee dissonance nke ebe a
na nd; Ma nd adgh ike gwr, gaa na-ar r na ha mkpebi na Chineke d n
mma.
Ugbu a ma br na ihe niile ga-ebe a kwuru na-ach n'aka nke Chineke na nd,
gosiptara? dgh onye a na-ptara, n'ihi na ihe nd a b ihe bla nwere ike
owt; ma elegh anya a ezi uche mmekrta b na ihe nwere ike b ihe amamihe,
jr, na nke a b ee n'ezie dum usoro iwu amamihe nke Day. Ka na-ir kar ma d ka
usoro iwu ihe nd bara uru maka nd e site ha nchekwube, na mgbe obi ab site
na n'akk ah kwsr, n'ihi ya, anagh abara nd megide n'of site n mmalite. N'ihi
na n'ezie b ma, na wa na-eje ozi any na nchekwube na-ele ya ije ihe karr nd
pessimistic.
Otu ugboro na na-ah ya nwoke n'dnihu, na-yiri immutable ahh kama
chchr ma b dull arkwaghm ma b nkasi obi na olileanya ma nwee ike mata
wa mgbanwe n'okpuru nkwa ha echiche, adru ala nke obi t na wa a na-akwalite
ozugbo; Nke abuo, na-ot anya ji d ka otu nwoke na-ar r Fort mfep nke wa
nn gara gara, d ka ma br na ka na-eme b ijide ihu ma maka efu-ar r a,
nke obi t nke wa a na-eje ozi na ya pta. Nke a emee any nchekwube wa ele
onwe ya bgh nan na-ata na-emekar niile maara nd mgbe multiplication nke obi
t n'ime, ma na-enyere ha izute; Ot d na pessimistic megidere ya, ma ka naekwu nwere na nke a atuaha nri nke d ad nke onwe ha. The N'ihi ya nke a atuaha,
ma ga-de facto na ha ga-banye n'ime fd ha na-adgide adgide, bkwa ot ike
nweta akk ihe mere eme nri - j ejiji ebe a na-ma nke ah n'ezie evils nke wa,
nke a ga-emeri.
Onye na-ah ugbu a maara nke ma na mgbe gara aga dgh zuru ezu azza nye
ajj nd d n'wa nke obi t na ihe mgbu na-na mejuptara onwe ya; ma any zaa
ya na-akwanyere nd isi na-kwukwara, nke nwere ike dr mmas any nd kas, ruo
n'k ha nwere ike b na okwu nke Day.
Si d nn iche echiche, d ka ebe a erutekwa ass, na echiche nke 18 ngalaba-edu
nd ka a kama nchekwube kara pessimistic echiche nke wa N'ezie, na-eme nn
nkwado na-aga kwukwara.
2. kweere na-akwanyere nd j. Mmekrta ya na
Christian echiche.
Megidere enwegh nchekwube nke abal echiche na-ah na-a ha nwekwara tt
ihe t na ihe mgbu na mgbe nile mmeri nke mgbu wa, m na-agba s site

vorstehends na uz z (V. 5. 6. XIV. XVI. XVIII) guzosie ike echiche nke Day
eson kweere, na-ak n'ihe j, dokwara ir n'ihi na wa, omume na nd nwere gg
isi evils, obere ihe j d ka isi iyi nke ihe mgbu na ihe nile 2) .
2)

Otu n'ime ihe an ah j a ptara ah nsogbu na ahh niile, n'okpuru

omume j ch dmma onwe, omume rr ar, aj omume, j n'okpuru
gg isi nzuzu, njehie, ara. One z na-ahkar mgbe n'ihi na d nile nke ihe
j, ka ha na-ebute, d onodu na ya pta, kama aka igosi na ihe mgbu kara
obi t, n'ihi na onye ma b dum, dabere na mmekrta nke otu onye na-ewe
echiche , gagh ah, chr ka nd d iche iche a doro anya na ihe fr nke
usable. Ma gagh kpamkpam kpuchie site n'elu at ige, ubi nke nsogbu, d ka
ihe at, nw nke ihe onwunwe, nw nke aha nke ihe j na-, enwe na
nw, na-enwegh na-etinye n'okpuru nd ige. ma m na-ah nn ihe bla nri
kenha okwu maka a na-efu udi nke ihe j.

Firstly, na d ad nke ihe j d n'wa a na-ibu na-agu n'onye ezi omume ruo a ruo
n'k fd na d mkpa isi na Urbedingungen d ad, na otu isi na Urbedingungen
bkwa chch kwupta j ya mere n'onye ezi omume cohesive chch maka ihe
ma onye ga nke ma na oge nke nta nke nta na-ewe.
Nke abuo, na n'etiti guzobe ihe mere ihe j na-emegide gw ot anya ha adgh
emegiderta, d ka nd na ala elu, ie si n'otu n'otu na karsa ebe a, a na sitere n'elu, si
n'ozuzu di dum ya eme 3) .
3)

Ya mere dabeere omume j nwoke nke aka ya particulate d ka echiche

nke izugbe ala nke obi t, nke ugbu a ma b doro anya, chch nke echiche
nke dum pta prefers; gg isi akwuru na-emegiderta nke onye ihe mma
na ihe mma na nd n'ozuzu; an ah na unilateral buru ibu pr iche
nd ibi nd z n'ozuzu.

Thirdly, na chch kwupta j na n'echiche nke d mma na style ukwuu n'ime

dum chr na a ngidere na-aga n'ihu mma nke dude nd nke wa iwere d ka a
dum, ie onye na-at anya nke z, na-ewe ebe na-enwegh eweli nke mere na dum
j ozugbo nwere ike.
Fourthly, ya b enwegh ike na connexion ihe a na iwu nke ha divergence n'ihi
ganihu ka mma n'oge na-enwegh nwa oge r ndghachi az na onye ma b pr
iche, nke mere na hr bla tupu ke ofri ka mma hr j na wa ime, na ma
ganihu nke dum kara.
-Ise, na nd a evils na-eme onwe ya mgbe e mesr na a onyinye maka n'ozuzu mma
nd d n'wa site ada site na counteracting chch envelopu na ebede-agh isi iyi nke
a hr ezi ihe na-enwegh aga na ihe j ike na e kere.
Nke isii, na nwoke nwere ike mee ka ezi na ihe j na-adgh drava na wa, ga-

ah n'oge , ma br na bgh n'wa a ma gabiga, nd na-esi beziehentlichakwghachi gw ma b ahh na ya nsh az slapping, adru otu na nweta nduzi
nke ma ma na-akwalite, nke z na ntziaka mehieworon ka na nd na-ezi ya pta
ga-eri.
Seventh, na brhaala na j d naan na mmekrita adgh ama Nigeria 4) , nakwa
onye z ya elu naan site maara counter struts, b nke paramount mkpa na nd kas
elu adgh ama ihe, nke mere na obi ike na ikpeaz na mbuli-elu na Chineke d n
mma nke ihe j niile abgh a nwr anw n'wa iji, ma ka a maara handlebars-ya
nile ga-kwara.
4)

N'ezie, ebe b na mgbu b naan okwu nke maara Nigeria.

-Asat, na legality, nke nd na n'ezie ihe omume na-ewe ebe site n'elu, e dere ihe
mgbochi, na na-ewe ebe a maara z na-adgh ch ijide, Chineke d nn kas elu
adgh ama nnchiteanya nke iwu iji na nsoro nke ihe na ike nke iwu na naagbakwa na-edu ha ihe mgbaru s ya n'aka.
Iteghete, na ot a ndu aka-adkar ka na anya auslaufend na mmad cognitive ike
na ihe onwunwe ma na-ike na-adgh n'enwegh k z nke ugbu a j ga-eduga ezi,
ma b kpam kpam sotere ga nke ma n'uz nile na- nwere ike; na any mere naetinye tkwasr Chineke obi ma unu apgh any ihe mma nke z ya, akpan
akpan, ma na-n'ozuzu na ofu ntziaka nke nd a z ka nzpta n'wa nile, any nagnyere, na ihe nile any na-eme n'wa a, na nke a, -agha, ha tr anya na nd mgbe
a nwsr.
-Iri, na ntkwas obi na enyemaka Chineke bna n'oge a enyemaka enyere 5) , na
ihe enyere na n'ikpeaz ezi-amba site Schlimmem ike na-egosipta, nke ka uku na
nke ugbu a j b, ihe toro.
5)

Na nke a, otu echiche, d ka ihe z n'okpuru XVI ide. 4 aba gw nke ikpe
ekpere na-atle.

nwere ike kwuru na, brhaala na mgbe 4th na 5th ikpe r nd wa nile e
enwegh ike mere na-enwegh na-ewere nzkw n'z zuru ezu, na n'ikpeaz j
ah n'onwe ya na-agh isi iyi nke a ezi ihe pgh ruru si z z, nd echiche nke
ihe j ot mgbe na-eburu a ikwu agwa. N'ezie, otu onye nwere ike mgbe ah naekwu okwu j na insofar ka na-adgh nn-aba site ya pta n'ihi na envelopu na
ezi ihe; ihe j ma nwere na-mgbe 6 uru na a ogbo na a envelopu na-ewe z site na
ya ikpe.
Ejide aga na nkwenkwe Nd Krast ozizi, onye pr ot ah atuaha na nd tt na
nkwenkwe nke okpukpe tdks mbipute a ozizi na-continuously ma b bna, d
ka nke mb ahiriokwu nke ihe j si malite, nd tent 4 na nke 8 nke na onye maara
na iwu ochichi nke eluigwe na ala, na set 6 nke nwere oke dd nke ntaramahh nke
ihe j; brhaala na ihe j na-abakwute ozizi nd tdks banyere nd abuses
nke nnwere onwe, iwu n'ezie ihe omume Chineke omnipotence na-agbajikwa na r

ebube, na ihe j nke bu ntaramahuhu nke hell dda z, agagh pta. Ma onye
bla nke ozizi nke si n'eluigwe na ala echiche nke Christianity (Jehovovch. VI)
eruba, nke a na-adgh practicable nd salutary na-akasi obi ya nchikota nke
Christianity na-agbanwe, na-ahap ma b kara nd kweere. Iji nwalee ya, na-enye
akpan akpan na Christian songs na-anchi anya na awara awara "tkwasr Chineke
obi", "Trost mkpagbu", na "otuto na inye ekele songs" ka Chineke, na songs, na-ekwu
banyere "nkwadebe maka nw", gnyere nke ma nwere ike d na nke bla song
beech dum ngalaba nke mere dekwaszie songs. Ebe a b nan fd n'ime nd naegosipta obi ike nke Nd Krast na Chineke, amaokwu mb, nke b ub reminiscent
nke na-eson, d ka nd a songs nile ha consolatory dnaya n'etiti nd kas mma
mara.
Ihe niile b ihe na ngzi
Chineke
'na nd, na na ebere ya
banyere ihe niile Erdengut
nye b na Chineke' Sit naenwe olileanya
na mee nn aka
a free heroism.
Malite n'af 1676th
On Chineke na bgh n'ihi
na m ndmd
M Ga m mfep ewu
Ma onye ah nke kere m,
tkwasr obi niile mkpr
obi g.
Gellert.
-Akwa g z
na ihe obi g na-ewute,
nd kwesr ntkwas obi naelekta
Of nke na-elu-igwe;
The igwe-oji na ikuku na
ifufe
nwere z nd na-agba s
na gb okporo gw,
nd ga-ahkwa z
ebe b na g nzkw
kpafuo.
Paul Gerhardt.

Jehova b ebe mgbaba m,

My einz'ger nkasi obi n
nd.
N'ihi ya, dgh mgbe kr
nkasi obi na h,
n'ihi na Jehova.
Chineke m na Chineke; Ya
ikele
br na mkpr obi m
nkt;
m gngt na Nna ya.
Sturm.
M dum omume
m ka Kas Elu nye ndmd
ah ihe bla nwere ike ma
na-eme;
ga na-ihe nile,
zube si n'z nd z nke
ma ihe ga nke ma
bna nye mmad ezigbo
ndmd na enyemaka.
Flemming.
Ga na o ziri ezi mgbe fd
d ka na-ahap Chineke ya;
Oh, nke mere kwere na m
maara nke a;
Chineke na-enyere akpatre
n'ezie.
Titius.
Ihe Chineke na-eme na-mere
nke ma,
na-angide inweta uche
ya,
d ka o abakwas m stof on,
m chr ya gba nkt.
b Chineke m,
The n nsogbu

ma ga-esi mara m,
ya mere m ahap ya na-ach.
Gellert.
Onye doo naan hnanya
Chineke emeri
na-etinye g tkwas ya obi
mgbe niile,
na b ihe magburu onwe
nd
Na n'ahh niile na mwute;
onye-anwa anwa Chineke
Onye Kas Elu,
nye wuru dgh j.
Neumark.
Ekwu ma nd a songs na ha na nkwupta nke tkwasr Chineke obi ihe nd ah d
n'elu nkwenkwe na-ezigh ezi? Ha na-ekwu otu ihe ah iwuli maka okpukpe na
mmetta ihe nd ahrokwu nk maka akr gg isi; na mgbe niile, M t ma
cohesive na ha kwenyere bgh nan na onye bla z ma na-akwado ibe.
The materialists na pessimists b nd a songs a kwa emo, ma ka tt n'ime nd naadgh ma b adgh chr b, ajj na obi ab hapr, olee ot e kwesr obi ike
na-aba ka Chineke, na ha na-mgbe Chineke dum j na wa, gnyere, nke m onwe
m na-ata ahh, ka naan kwetara ma b zitere. Gziri agzi ka b onye d ot
ah ajj na obi ab na-amaghkwa-aspr nkasi obi nke nd na songs anagh aba
site n mmalite; ma mgbe ha ime ya - na aghwanye dwindling si na ghgbuo ekewa
- ga-elegh anya nwee ike zpta nkasi-obi nke nd a songs site z azza kara
nzube nke gara aga kweere? Counter aka ihe a siri ike mere na nd bara uru nkwado
nke nd a kweere na n'oge ochie gafere na zuru ebe nile ngwa nke nd a songs, d ka
ma br na na-adgh anya na d.
3. Personal.
br na m anya az na ikpeaz nke m nd, na-eche ot nn na nyere nd gara
aga echiche na ihe nlereanya - na ihe nwere ike na-efe m mere nkt ntule a na ubi
onwe ya, ihe nd z na aga echiche, ma br na ha na-adgh bna onwe m ozi ya mere m na-eche na a mb anya, adgh n'etiti nd n gg nke nd nd e mere
mfe, ma h site m na-eleghar dum onodu na-eche nwere obere chebere site kas nj
m nj na ngosipta, kemgbe nwere obere ekekpepde mma na ngosipta na m ihe niile
nwere mmas na ihe na-ag m, imezu, m ga-daa ogbenye ka na ihe nd ka mkpa
mmekrta, ma ga-enwegh punitive esi nke ihe na-abgh ezi na m ngide gehends
nkpa ezi omume m m gaara angide br nd ogbenye nile. Na nkwa, m ga-aga,
n'ihi na dgh lebara mmas nke z, na nd z okwu b estidem kama mpga
ahmah. Ma m d nn mfe nd yiri na mmekrta nd tumadi site nn uzo, na m
mgbe fd anya mgbe m nwere ike, d nso na njedebe, ka nd na-akpata ileghara nd

na-esi, d ka m, ihe n'z na-abgh na ebe nke mmad nduzi e mere n'ebe ihe ka
mma, ihe pgh ime site dude iwu nke b na usoro n'z nd z. The isi mma nke
gara aga nd Ganges ma agwa m nke b kpr na ntziaka nke dum Ganges, n'ihi
ya, m na-aj ihe mere nn ka n ar na chchr n'ihi m, a ga-eme n'dnihu a
gafechaa nd a na-eri an, nke m kwere na ekwegh ga-, ma br na ihe niile e
siworo mere. Ma eziokwu ah b na nd nke mgbanwe weere na direction, ikwere na
kwesr ekwes direction nke wa Ganges esetp ub ziri ezi.
ma bna fd onye na eri nke nd dt-rigging d ka mfe ma n'ime kara nke m,
e nwere ike b, ebe nyochaa ya, ha na-ach ma bgh na-eme ya na eziokwu, otu
juru ha anya na-edu nd site na nd gara aga, na nd d obi ike n'ihu ya site a nd
n'dnihu na-akpte nwere oke ukphde nke ihe j vermchte 6) . Ma nke N'ezie
bgh ihe niile ga-eme otu ihe, d ka ntleghachi. N'ihi na bgh onye bla nd
mgbanwe b d ka uzo ka abgh ka d mfe n'ihi na ihe ji ekpuchi n'ime elu wa gia,
na elegh anya, tt adabala n'ime esiwanye nj n nd ya nile si Schlimmem; n'ihi
na nke a ma na-abgh nkwenkwe b nso na-eme ka b naan nj n'ihi na ya na ya
d nj. Ot ijide n'aka na onye naan ya ga-emetta oge na mb uche ma b n'ihi na
a nkwenye nke ihe karr nan nke onye kpr ahmah, d ka nd d ot ah, na nke
ab uche kwesr ide maka ya, kama b naan akk nke ab a pr n'otu. Na
n'ihi na nd d ot ah mmenyene nn nd na-kwuru na antecedent echiche na ihe
ndek. N'ahmah nke mb d ma ngide na mkpa, ebe ha na-etolite na
counterpoise na nke z, na ot d nn mkpa kara ha apta kwesr ekwes,
abspiegeln ntziaka nke dum mkpsa na mfe. N'ihi na i na-ahap nd siri ike kar
ghta mfe, ma na nke ikpeaz. Onye bla b na izugbe ganihu mmas d ka na
suut ma d ka na-adaba; na onye bla na ya suut onye bla dabara, ajj b
naan banyere oge ah na-eme ka na-egosi.
6)

Karsa, ana m echeta nke a Schriftchens, b onye nwanne nna m, Gottlob

Eusebius Fischer, d ka superintendent ke Sangerhausen na ihe d elu d af iri
na akpa ke na nke na-ewute g, nke m ka a na-eweta na zz m n'oge m
b okoroba nd kas ekele echeta zolle, rr nkwa nke nd ya Ganges
kpamkpam n'okpuru n'elu ebe, otu elu lar management. O di nwute na, bna
na ebe nchekwa m, ya na obere akwkw ka furu efu na ya na aha ya.

Ikwere na echiche nke nd na echiche na nkebi ahrokwu, nke na-esite na onodu

nke kwa bch echiche, bgh nan kemgbe a nkwado maka m nke aka ya, ya na
z nd, ma nwesr m z nd na-enwe obi a nkwado na nkwenkwe a, na-eme ma
n'ebe ibe n'akk mgbe, na-egosi na aga. Kwa, okwu fd. h ihe onwunwe n'anya,
nke na m b gw na-amr ihe, e tfuru d ka taa fr nke nta bla gw na ah
ike na-amr, Schelling na nk ihe mma nke okike, nke mb na a oge dum gabiga
mere ka m h na nwere oge di nta gasiri-ada az naan ihe nn n'ime ya, nwere ike
nke ma na-am mkpr, na aka iso na-at h mmezu nke Ungengenderem ka
Gengenderem m; ma ka ha na ikpeaz na-ekwe ka onwe g na-eche echiche adgh
enwe af ojuju, ha buuru m enwegh mkpr maka nd mgbe d mkpa bakwutere

otu, a support na chr dgh ihe mma nke d nso na ugbu a na ya z pp,
banyere ile anya gabiga , Nan okwukwe na bch na-ele ha re-ntule na Christian
echiche nke a nduzi Chineke mere ka m chta a support. Na agagh olileanya adghzi
ma yiri kas olileanya na-adgh oge nke nd m, akpa chi bb nke Day na echiche
nke na-ama kpkwaswo "akwkw nta si nd mgbe a nwsr", ga-enwegh mkpa
nke oge na ikwere na nduzi Chineke site na nke a na nd a mgbakwunye + wetara
nkasi-obi nke nkwenkwe a, nd na song, ot ah ka m na-emechi, na-egosipta onwe,
na bgh ntkwas obi na eyre na obi ike akpatre ya ma d ma b uru na ot
ga-, diri, m ga-ah ghara diri. Otu ilo adgh eme ka a n'oge okpomk; ma nke mb
ilo agagh, ma br na bgh ba n'otu n'oge okpomk, na d ka nke a n'oge
okpomk m anya na dereinstigen Victory Day echiche na mbaghachi nke banye ha
na si n'elu akara ererimbot ke ata Christian echiche n'okpuru mgbasa nke tt
emegbu nkwenkwe (Jehovovch. VI ), d ka nke a echiche ka ha nkasi-obi songs naelegh anya nd z songs ga-enwe ike-eweta.
Nkasi-obi n mkpagbu (1841).
br na ihe niile darkens,
any na-egbukep
egbukep,
The owu na-ama ka na
sparkled
si ikpeaz kpakpando na-;
-eche echiche 'na a anyanw
vivid ka b,
a hr bch at t
ga-ebi n'iru Gi nguzo.
Ma b ebe a b ma b
n'elu,
bgh nsogbu onwe-gi;
Chineke njikere nkwaghari,
na-egosi g ya h,
ike na anya g
agba nkt na wa abal,
Hiernieden-eji mgbe niile,
h nd d ot ah ma mma.
Ihe bla ma n'ny,
The ya mbughar,
White na-eduzi bna ot
ah,
na b nke ma.
On ya kw '-echegbu g,
ibikwas ibu,
nye maara ma br na
echi na-adgh

na na-atara.
Olee ot na-enyere na iru
j g
. itiku wa
, wa ga-ewe g,
ihe chi g nyere iwu;
Site tie mkpu arr nke
nhsianya na-etolite,
b nkt, na na-nkt,
Drum nz 'na g n'n l
leis naan': ka Chineke
chr.
Nwere ike d ot ah nkasiobi na na-,
nke mere na na-agaghkwa
ara ra,
nke mere na na-adgh
ekpe,
na ka nwere ike na-enye
ekele
maka ihe o zitere
ka nke a belata g nsogbu,
Ndi nile geglcket unu,
Ya mere Biko tlee unu nile
stale.
Na ird'schen awa nke nd,
nye dgh mgbe e mejr,
b nd niile hr,
Gn ka obi na-adabere,
ka egwu b vor'm nw,
ilu gw na o yiri ka ya
nwere ike j ya,
Chineke na-eziga g enyi ya.
Nwere udo drum, uche,
anya g na-adgh na-akwa
kw,
na Chineke tupu okooko
na n'otu z nd Mark Des.
All 'ihe niile jiktara' n,
ihe nyere na-enye g mgbu,
na kw aka si ebe pr si
ba,
ya n'obi nd Chineke n'ime.

Text original
Contribuu a millorar la traducci

XVI. Ajj nke nnwere onwe.

(Esemokwu nke Determinism na indeterminism. Ibu r, ntaramahh,
ekpere.)
l. Maka ozi izugbe akk.
Nke bla nnwere onwe na wa? A nnwere onwe na-, site n'onye ah nke nke a
isiokwu site n'ime esi gboo ma b ebumnobi na-akpata ya d n'ime ah b, otu z
ma b z na-ekpebi d iche iche na af aghgh tupu na-ekpebi na iji chebe
onwe ha megide mpga mmanye nwere ike. Onye pr r ka megide eziokwu nke
nnwere onwe d ot; ha nwere ike b nd apnarala-enwegh ya d ka b nap
onwe ya ma b na-nan elapse na wa. And'd 'm ya na gw, ot ah nan ya
elu aka na kw na ikike eji ha, ma bgh echiche ya na uche ya na-intrinsically
kegide emi enye nwere ike ga n'ihu na-esi chpta onwe ya, mee ka nwere ike ka
tichapu mpga mgbochi.
Ka dgod, otu nwere ike isi gbochie si externally na-eso ya banyere mkpali ma
b iji die ihe si n'z, ihe na-anagh ach iji tachie obi mgbe ya n'ime nd; Ya mere,
any mata ihe d iche estidem na mpga nnwere onwe. The uche na chch b n'ihi
na n'ime ime, na o na-ekpede riddance nke mpga mmanye ihe nke mpga nnwere
onwe; nd nwere ike n'z zuru ezu ad ma br na nke a na-ejedebegh ma b
kagbuo.
Ma mgbochi nke ime nnwere onwe nwere ike ikwu okwu otu uche. A nwoke nwere
ike ihe si elu echiche, si omume ebumnobi, mgbe ya an esi gboo ma b dmma
onwe-agba s; na bgh mgbe niile merie nd buru ibu. Ya mere, nwere ike otu
okwu karr ala determinants nke a elu nnwere onwe na a mmachi ma b kagbuo.
Dr gaba n'ime ebe, otu ajj d mkpa: na-aga onwe onye na-mkpebi siri ike nke a,
free na any gara aga echiche, isiokwu na bna ya chr tupu ya ekpebiwe d ot ah
emee, na iwu mkpa si aga steti na nke ugbu a ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike nke isiokwu
emepta ma b. Anya isi nke mb na-, e kweere na niile, na bgh naan uche,
edinam na gba nkt nke mmad, kama ochie ihe nd d n'wa, ma ihe onwunwe na
ihe ime mm ebe nke iwu mkpa nke nd oge ochie na na nke ugbu a ngalaba-mkpebi
siri ike (nke onwe ya iwu ka -eso) nd a na naan na a n'z na-eso d ka na-eso,
any nwere na-akp. deterministic echiche ha gwgw onwe ya ihe sotere dum
Chineke chr na inviolable iwu nke onwe ya na naan na a n'z mere ot ike d ka
nd a.
Adgh ad kamakwa Kama nke ah nnwere onwe, na n'onye ah nke na nke nd
mmad, Chineke n'onwe ya, otu z ma b z pr ikpebi na-enwegh dghkwa
mpga ma b estidem kpr nke ya gara aga usoro nd mkpebi d mkpa
na; Kama niile gara aga ihe mere ka aghtabegh, bgh naan n'ihi na ihe mma,

ma n'ezie ngide ebe mkpebi ga-eme ka. Anya isi a nnwere onwe na nke a echiche
nke, na free ga na ike-agbaji mkpa ma doo na Jr oke ab ma b kara z nke
na-ahr isiokwu, ot i nwere na-akp ikpeaz gha gha nd agha . indeterministic
echiche.
bna mgbe deterministic echiche nke mmad nwere free uche, ma na insofar ka
uche ike amanye onwe ya gbaso externally ya kpatara ya onwe-mkpebi siri ike naangide; ma elegh anya ga-sgharr ya site na aga na estidem iwu nke ya kachasi
mkpa na ya ugbu a na mpga ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike, nke mere nn na ha ad, na
estidem kpr, nyekwara iwu ka a d mkpa pta; mgbe indeterministic echiche naeme ma n na free ga-enwegh nd d ot ah a mgbochi, ma ruokwa na uche b
n'ezie free, b maka ya n'agbanyegh niile gara aga ndokwa na ugbu a mpga
ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike otu possi-uche ikpebi otu z ma b z, na ot anya
dgh ad, uche b nn free.
br na isiokwu n'ihu z ab, na-emetta na-aga z ma b ot ahr
isiokwu na na mb uche nke kwukwara banyere nd determinist nke nnwere onwe,
n'ime free therebetween, brhaala na ihe d n'ime n'ihu nke z bla aghgh,
n'z fd mettara estidem chch prefers na b onye a hr z unu
kpamkpam externally, br na nwegh onye b nke z kewapr site mpga
ike, bna otu ma b nke z na-kenmde d ot ah; ma ime-ime ebumnobi, d
n'ime chch, na-eje ije na ya pta bchagh si aga na-ach na ngalaba-mkpebi siri
ike nke isiokwu d ka site ihe ka mma mma nke otu ma b z z. N'aka nke z
niile b na a na mb ma b mputa maka nyere na nd z, na indeterministic,
ptara, free ikom ezie iji chpta kala nke ugbu a mkpebi na-eme ka, na a aro iji
mee ka nd d ot ah; ebe b na Previous na codetermining b indifferent; ma
bgh ya zuru ezu, na-ach mkpebi, nnwere onwe na-agh bna d ka fd n'ime
ya onwe ikwu banyere magburu, tkwasr ya iji mee ihe d iche na otu ma bz: -enwegh ihe bla Tupu mgbe ma b mputa na niile chch, nke b
mubanye, nke nd mmad na-argide na-eme ka a nhr na nd z.
The indeterminist-enye ohere nnwere onwe nke determinists mgbe na-ewere d
nnwere onwe d anya na dgh chta ya indeterministic nnwere onwe nime ya, ebe
determinist adgh ekweta nnwere onwe nke indeterminists n'ihi na na-ahgh nd d
ot ah n'wa. Echiche na-ma di iche iche nke nnwere onwe ma nd nkt na mgbe a
isiokwu na-ekpebi na nke ya onwe, si ntughari n'ihi na otu onye ma b nke z, ebe
hr nwere ike ikpebi; ma e wezga na mgbe deterministic version, nke a na-eme na
mkpa mgbe indeterminist na-enwegh nd d ot ah. Na indeterministic ptara Ya
mere nnwere onwe na mkpa na-emegiderta site definition, na-emebu olu na oge
iwere b nke a atuaha maara, ebe ma j ha na a deterministic uche onye bla z
bla karr nke ah Schelling bna ihe bara nn kwuru nnwere onwe maka ime
mkpa.
Short otu onye nwere ike na-ekwu na nnwere onwe na mb uche - ma aha bna
na-etinye maka nnwere onwe - b iwu, ka oge ra onwe onye na-mkpebi siri ike, nke
akwaputa Echiche nke nnwere onwe site inviolable iwu si aga na ndokwa nd
a; nnwere onwe n'echiche z Ot d, iwu na-akwadogh ma b na-emebi iwu

nnwere onwe, ebe ha pr iche agwa si aga kpomkwem a ga-agb bla iwu n'ihi na
mb ndokwa, ma na-ahap n'otu z ah, iwu nd na-ad iche site nnwere onwe, -eso
ma b ezumike. Gn ma indeterminists egbochigh a emebi iwu nnwere onwe,
br na b aka nri dozie a elu bara uru kara iwu, d ka ogologo oge d ka ha b,
melite mmebi ma b imebi ihe nke a nguzosi ike soro n'iwu ma b gbochie, na
echekwa wa gia megide a kpere n'ibu usoro ga; Ot d na determinist prefers
unbroken legalism nn breakage nke a ozugbo ma-e, iwu, wa nan nj, ike
mma. Mgbe indeterminists Chineke ajj na ya nn free ime mm Nigeria n'ozuzu
angh n'okpuru iwu fd, ma ebe d ot ah ihe onwunwe na-kere wa, na-eme
nan mgbe fd free na ntarama iwu kanaal. Mgbe determinists dabeere nile iji na
ime mm na ihe onwunwe ihe nd na legalism, Chineke agagh mkpa idozighar wa
iji iwu na-agbaji ya; na br na ha na-eme, nd mmad na-agbaji onodu iwu na iwu
omume ma, ot a ezumike b bna n'okpuru izugbe iwu.
Ndammana ugbu a nan akk na-ezo d, nke nwere ike ikpebi otu na nd z n'ihi
na mmas nke otu ma b nd z na-ele, nke Ot d nan ihe mmad ga-esi kpebie
n'etiti ndaba na feasibility nke akk nd a.
tt nd si ele eme ka mba d iche ma b nd na-esi nke ma nsghar nke nnwere
onwe doro anya nke oma na-nnwere onwe-aja mgbe, n'amagh ihe jara ya, ya mere
ala az ukwuu n'ime megide Determinism n'ihi na, a iche megide onwe onwe mkpebi
siri ike mgbe ah. nye pr akpaghar na uche, na b free; Ma br na b
uche free na a deterministic ma b indeterministischem echiche, ha adgh aj, na
gbasagh ha, nke mere na ha aghtagh ajj.
Wissenschaftlicherseits kas n'okike, na, b ezie na bgh ihe niile nd k ihe
mma, ma a akk buru ibu nwere nn otu ihe ah, kpebiri Determinism, bbu
maka dmma nke zuru mmejuputa iwu legality onye mkpagbu ke eke ebe b ha isi
r, na-am banyere ihe nd ruru nke conditionality nke d n'etiti ihe onwunwe na ihe
ime mm lar; nke ikpeaz na-ebute dmma nke a n'otu wa anya, n'ihi ihe-ike nke
a priori indeterministic anya, ihe a ga-atle. Ka dgod, ma nd bara uru echiche yiri
ka na-ach indeterminism, ya mere nd na-abgh mmas nke otu na akk nke k
mmta okpukpe na moralists, na tt a k ihe mma.
E nwere z nke gwgw nke ajj nke onwe nke m otu esi na eziokwu na ha naechiche na okwu nnwere onwe maka onwe mkpebi siri ike nke nwere ezi uche na
b omume echiche na-azr; nakwa na Jiss nwere ike mere a fd warara uche, natlere n'elu. Ma ihe a rzuworo nke mere na isi ajj? Na e nwere nd d ot ah a
onwe onye na-mkpebi siri ike, dgh, ha na-adgh ak onwe ya nwere obi abua; ma
unu apgh nn ka deterministic d ka onwe onye na-mkpebi siri ike site ala instincts
na ebumnobi-ab? The ebumnuche b na-ehi site na mpi nke ajj ma Determinism
ma b indeterminism, ha ab na-arrta banyere n'z doro anya iche nwere.
Gaa ugbu a any ajj banyere nke a, ya mere, na-esote Azza ya b na d ok
mkpa ma onye na-agbanye ajj na ikwu na bch echiche ma b n'abal
echiche. Ihe mb mere ot anya dgh eso ebe a ka gbu; ma si ot ga-enweta elu
aka Determinism. Ma ka indeterminism ka naan na-egosipta ihe kpmkwem kara
na mb tupu any na-anchi anya Determinism na otu mkpebi siri ike n'aka nke z,

site na-elu a obere oge gara aga iwu z.

2. onodi nke indeterminism.
Odika na ot a ka indeterminist.
Ihe e kpkwaswo na wa, ihe niile na-aga n bgh si ekpebi usoro site na M
Ns na bla oge site n'onye ah nke ya onwe ya onwe ya obi ta mmiri kpr
angide redefining na nke adabere na ad n'ime ihe onwunwe wa n'ime eke na-eme
mgbanwe nwere ike mee, nke kwara ihe bla iwu okike. Ya mere, unpredictability
nke omume nke nwoke kwesr ya nnwere onwe.
Chineke n'onwe ya na nnwere onwe na-aba na nn; kamakwa nd o nyere ya site
na mbu, dgh ihe z na-akwanyere omume ihe d ka onye kas elu mma. Site
n'onye ah nke otu nwere ike hr nwoke n'etiti ezi ihe na ihe j, na-enwegh ihe
bla, b na-internally ma b externally manyere gagh agara iwu iji hr otu tupu
nke z, n'ihi ya, mmad niile n'ihu nke nk kpamkpam kere na na nnwere onwe
Adam. Ugboro ugboro mkpebi na otu onye ma b n'echiche z nwoke ejedebegh
as na b nd a, ogologo oge d ka b mgbe ya mgbe niile mfe ikpebi otu z ma
b z; nakwa na nwere na-ejedebegh z na nd z na a n'z ziri ezi, nke mere
na b ya akpatre d ka mkpa na-eme nke ma, ma nwere mmachi a na-eweta
na-eme onwe ha site na nnwere onwe, na o nwere mgbe ot nnwere onwe kpamkpam
hapr -enye, ma ha mere nn ngide na-enwe zuru, d ka ka na-angide na-enye
nn kpamkpam, bna esikwara ya ike na-emegide kama ot chr site na-emegide
nd esikwara ya ike a ike-free mbanye. Na nwoke na-enwe mmetta ebumnobi nke
na-esigh n'aka ya nnwere onwe, pgh gp, ma ha na-aba free nd mmad elu
naan d ka aro echiche, iji nnwere onwe ya a ma b na ebe, o nwegh mgbe ha naamanye ya nwere ike.
A mkpebi na demgeme edinam nwere mgbe insofar omume uru ma b naabagh uru, d ka na presupposes nnwere onwe na-ewe ebe site nnwere onwe, Ya
mere m anman, d ka nnwere onwe na-enwegh, ha apugh imehie. Freedom dara
l, naan n'ime ime mm, na n'ihi ndi ikekwe naan na ime omume ubi, dd, na ala
nd Nigeria na ala instincts nke mmad na-aga megide a si onwe-ya, nke madu ahu
mere achkwa elu nnwere onwe. Na a iwu mgbanwe na ime mm na ihe onwunwe
omume d n'iso l, na-abgh ag; naan na ebe nnwere onwe d, na oge bla a
nkwopu iwu nd a nwere ike ma. Nke a mgbe niile hr, nke ma ihe bla na
mb keonodu mmalite, stimuli ke N'ezie nke wa, nke si eme ka otu ugboro z
hr esi gboo soro ya chr statutory gia. Ot d, e nwere ike dgh achta l,
n'okpuru nduzi gg isi eguzo, Emela ihe zuru legality site n'onye ah nke nnwere
onwe, naan na e wezga na a na-akp. Fal onwe ga iputa na nd kas unmistakable.
Na nkwado nke echiche a na-kwuru na otu onye nwere ike ele deterministically
dabere na mmalite nke ihe nd si ihe bla kpkwaswo, n'ihi na malite kpomkwem
ihe bla tupu ihe enweghi ngwcha regress ma imaginability ma b thinkability
n n'k; Ya mere, ga-abrr ihe indeterministic free kpr maka nmalite uwa
ndidi, ndien ntak-adgh maka ganihu? - Next: kwa na ozugbo mmetta nan nd b
indeterministic echiche, na-na a free-eguzo oke n'b nd mm ihe bla, na-ekpebi
ma z. - Next: na a siri iwu chr, ma br na n'ebe bla, dgh ihe z

bgh banyere eke ebe n'of b demonstrably free volitional ma tt mgbe-ebe a

direction nd na-ekwegh ngkta oge site a Set. - Next: bgh naan ihe kamakwa
ime mm n'wa site na deterministic ele eri an na-ada a igwe mgbe nile
underway; Ot d mgbe indeterminist ihe wa ga-echebe ya site adkwa hr ad
nke free mm nke ya. - Next: na br na inexorable mkpa d nn na-aba ihe gaaba, nwoke nwere ike ime ihe chr, o nwere ike na-etinye aka ya na ya n'apata,
ma tutu amama niile drava na-ar r ya. - Next: na omume ma, ibu r na echiche
nke ikpe mma nwere ike na-ad ka o ji onwe ya na-adgh chpr puta site mkpa. N'ikpeaz: ihe nwere ike inweta a Chineke na wa na a ekpere ka Chineke bna
mgbe ihe nile na-aga vonstatten na inviolable mkpa. b na Chineke na a ekpere ka
Chineke nr n'okpuru mkpa?
3. onodi nke Determinism.
Welch 'ok nj ebubo Determinism. na-anabata nd determinist z d na counterebubo okwu, iji gasiri ibuso nd boro ya mere ma-ah ihe mgbakwas maka inwekwu
counter-ebubo.
-Ab nd nd mmad nhr n'etiti ab nhr awa. br na mkpebi siri ike nke
ya gara aga kachasi mkpa na n'aka na na-enweta si n'z (nke, na mberede, ma
meghachi omume na ihe d n'ime n'aka), bgh manye ya ka ha hr kama ka onye
karr nke z n'akk, nke kpebie on niile a hr ? br na mkpebi ma br na
nd d ot ah indeterministically ma adgh ach, d ka ihe mberede, na-adbegh
anya b mba z, site ya onwe, d ka a na chch, na kachasi mkpa n'ime ya, kama
na-aba si na ya na-azlitekwu angide. b ezie na indeterministic nnwere onwe b
n'onwe ha akk nke mb d ka eson Bestande a eke, bna ihe nd kas ok n
aha oge b otu ihe ah, ma ha okwu nke dd nke ya z ndokwa ka nd kwr
onwe, h ohere ikpebi otu z ma b z; ma ot pr isi niile kpebizie na ot
mkpebi nd d ot ah a nnwere onwe nke na-adgh mettara dum gara aga Nigeria
ime otu ihe ah ibu r? Ee ihe suut m maka mgbe m na kama na-aba site
indeterministically free mkpebi, kama site ma ebum pta wa na ngwa,
agmakwkw, ihe at, wdg nke ptara na na-m pta wa, n'echiche nke izugbe
ntziaka nke Chineke wa iji, ihe any na- -akp na a n'z ziri ezi, na-eche, na-eche
echiche, na-eme ihe, na-adgh na-eson free mkpebi ime ka m na-ahr ihe j
n'elu ihe ma. All aghgh, da site na aga na d ad, na-azr na any b nan nd
aro ka mkpa nnwere onwe m indeterministically ebe dgh nkwa maka ihe gw,
ot ah ka puru omume nke Vorzuges nke na otu onye b n'ihu nke z. b
eziokwu na (dkara ala otu page) kwuru site a nway nway Executive njide onwe
onye nke nnwere onwe na a mma uche; ma d nn ka mfe pr b nd d ot ah a
j echiche; na d ka nwere ike b na ihe niile a doro anya echiche n'b aka a
mmachi indeterministic nnwere onwe. Ma bgh na ha nwere ike n'otu z mkpebi
on ab n'akk; mgbe ah, b ihe niile n'ebe ah, ha apughi n'ezie a mkpebi-ebe,
ma b na ar kari a ekpebi ala n'otu akk, mgbe ah na b n'ebe.
Priori d ot ah isi ike b nd a na-elegh anya gbasagh na nke mb, b ezie na
m maara ebe ha na-weliri ezu.
Ka any cheta na nke a, na indeterminism ab kpr nke ihe ahu na-ewebata nd

legality na a na ya emancipating nnwere onwe na wa, Ot d, Determinism jikwaa

na a na-acha cha - na indeterminism site n'ikwe ka gba ad ke N'ezie nke okike site
nnwere onwe ime mm, na dualism n'etiti mm na okwu kwadoro ka, enwegh naechefu na o na-eweli ya n'ime a elu na d n'otu - na na ihe isi ike ghta ihe ad nke
ihe j na d ad nke ihe niile na-ezi ihe na ihe nile ike Chineke, site indeterministic
echiche ngide ungehoben (lee. v.6).
ugbu a na ike a nile indeterminism anakwa ma ungehoben n'akk ah ya megide
Determinism, na ot any ugbu a na-atghar ihe nd a.
wa n'elu-emet, ot a pr kpebisiri ike site a mara antinomy si n'ebe nn dgh
gwgw na-eme ka nwunye. B ihe bla, bna Chineke, tupu fd oge n'ebe
ah, n'ihi ya, apgh chere na ihe ihe nwere ike ibili si ihe bla na-aba na dgh
ihe; a n ebighebi nwere ike b na aka nke z na ngosi ma b na-eche echiche
bgh n'z zuru ezu. N n'nd ma otu ma kwesr dechara na echiche nke mgbe
ebigh ebi, nd Chineke ruo mgbe ebigh ebi ekewet na wa d ka nd o kere, ot a ka
nwere n'ezie kere indeterministischem ma b deterministic uche, d ka ya agwa
onwe ya na-ah ma emeghar ihe, na na ajj na okwu a b nke, b ezie na
bgh a pr kpebiri site a nd ihe.
N'ihe yiri nke kacha mkpa ikwu okwu maka indeterministic echiche, b nke na yiri
mberede mmetta indeterministic nnwere onwe na amuma nke any ugbu a na-akp
elu kpamkpam. M nwere ike ot ah ka m nwere ike na-amas, ma na-achta kwa
mpga ma b estidem determinants na m, manye m otu ma b nke z, n'ihi ya,
nwere ike d iche iche n'ebe bla n'etiti ab, ee, m onwe m ala az na-eche na
m nwere ike na-ach, Achr m nwere.
Ma dgh ihe Dielectric gwgw ya dabeere n'isiokwu a. br na nd mmajijiji
nke mkpebi amara indeterministic nnwere onwe, ot ga-j, nke ogologo dgas z
ma b na-erugh, tupu ya tilts fd direction, indeterministic nnwere onwe. Na m
na-eru nso ot ah freest mkpebi ihe m na-akp ya mere, ugbu a kenam, n'ihi ya,
b, na nsh akpatre ibu ok ibu na-aba motif, nke b nke chch ma si, bbu
Development underway ebe a na nke ugbu a ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike na-esite, naeduga na mkpebi; -eche ma na-ka na-enwe ike ikpebi ma b ya mere gara aga, d
nn ka mmetta na ka dgh onye si ebe a na-akw gbala bu n'obi na-ibu ok
ibu; N'ikpeaz enweta nkwanye a imewe, na br na b armka d ka mmeri
adagh onwe any n'ime na-adgh amanye onwe ya gbaso externally, any na-at
anya ma d ka a okwu nke ime nnwere onwe. Na la az, na-ekpebi mkpa iji chta,
n'ezie, d ka ogologo oge eke d ka na-elektakwa nkwenkwe b na b a d mkpa
ndokwa ka mma na nke ikpeaz n mma nke ahh niile, ya b, naan ma onye naelektakwa okwukwe nke Day; n'ime ptara nkwenkwe a, Ot d, ihe ma na ya
onwe ya a d mkpa ngw r nke wa iji nweta ezi ebumnobi, mgbe ya n'ime-eme
n'dnihu n'aka b naan obi t b.
Ikweta b: site ahmah nwere ike naan ikpebi n'aka ma Determinism ma
indeterminism. bna maka eke ihe a nditm iwu mgbanwe a nditm gosiptara, ka
mm na-emen.nye pr na mberede mmalite nnupu na-na mberede echiche, otu
onye ga-gosiri na ha d mkpa pta nke gara aga nd. nye pr igosi na aka nke

z, na sikwuoro nke nd bu z na-akpatara nd explicability d ot ah armr

bgh nan na otu onye nwere ike izute g na chptara na ngkta oge. Na mberede,
nd indeterminist onwe ya ga-ab onye kas nta-ach nn armr ka nke a, onye
causality any na-apgh soro na-eche echiche sitere kpamkpam na ya uche, ebe maka
af ofufo mkpebi maka ma na ihe j, nke na-ekwu okwu indeterminism nameptakwara n'anya, ihe mere nwere n'oge gara aga fr nke nta mgbe ah dgh
ihe z n'ozuzu. b fd na nd z otu abiawo mara nd nke ihe na mgbake
nke iwu iji merie nd z Determinism nwekwara ahmah n'akk nke puru
omume, Ot d, b mmebi gwgw na Ntpta elo na bara uru mere.
Ha na-ekwu na Determinism wa mee ka igwe, na na-atle onye tt nd naeleghara. Na ihe nd kas uru atmat nke igwe, hapr wa na-. Gn ga-ab a
igwe na-anchi e d nn ka free na-aga nke ma d ka ihe j, n'ihi na a ga-enwe
dgh iwu ka e meere ha Itie mere ka nri zaa. Ot d, a akrngwa ike na-achgh,
na-eche, na-eche, adgh evolve si ya abgh mma onwe ya; nke na-ah deterministic
wa uru n'elu igwe. B hnanya, bbenyi, tkwas Chineke obi, gwla ma ha n
n'wa, nd ka nj na ha d mkpa, na ga-ab nd na-abgh, nke mere nn d ka b
n'ebe ah, ya mere, mma na ya nwere ike b. Kama nke ah, a d mma, na ghagh
b mma na okwu nke bch echiche, na naan ihe ngp maka na d ad nke, o
kwesr b na e nwere. fn mkpa ka akcha nd Determinism mgbe naagbachitere g, otu ugboro idi ya nma, na otu ugboro ka ya mma n'ihi na i kpebisiri
ike otu ugboro maka nj; nke ah b ihe j Determinism abal na-ele, ma dgh
mma indeterminism na-ahap otu z site n'akk ab; ma i nwere ike na-achgh,
ma na-eduzi g inviolable mkpa na-aga na-otu ugboro z na ozugbo nwere ya mma
mma. Nke ah b ihe nkasi obi Determinism Day echiche. Ee, b ya mere ihe j
d na wa na ot ihe j si Schlimmem-aba, ma ga ekwe na, mgbe dude iwu
nwegh mkpumkpu, ee, b z z na-atghar ihe j nke d mma, d ka wa naaga. Nn na ga-enwe okwukwe nke Day na na;nd kpatara nke a kweere ma naatle n'ebe nd z.
na-ekwu na wa nke mere ka na-aga ka ha na now nn na-aga mgbe na-aga
z na mkpa, ihe d m mkpa m mgbe ah na-agbalsi maka ya; nd omekome ah sr:
ihe na ta m;M site mkpa ka m na. - pr ikwu ya, o nwere mmas na-ekwu
ya; kama b mkpa ike-n'enwekwagh unu; na ezugh d aka n nt si onwe g ime
ihe, na-akpali ya mma, ot ah ntaramahh ga-eme ya na ikpeaz; Gziri agzi ka
unu mgbe na-ama ka d aka n nt. The d aka n nt b na agha nd z
determinants, nke zuo ezu bla z na-coercion, mgbe mgbe naan a na-adgh ike
n'aka; ma ntaramahh nwere ike mbara ruo n'k ebe gjide gi. Na ogologo nke
inertia ma b echiche j druru na ihe na-etolite, nd z fd ha nwere ike
g na mgbe na-ama na wa a na tangible, ngide na-nd na consummating ot wa
iji na-eme ka ahuhu-na ogologo na-eto eto ruo mgbe ha dozighara enforces.
Iji nye otu ihe at, nke dabara image n'out oge.
br na any setpr mgbe a nwa na-enwegh onye d nn mere ya ihe j ezi
naively, nr na ihe niile nd a n'ihi mkpa na wa, ga-na edinam nke mmad. Mmezi,
na-eche na nwere ike n'ezie angide na-ewela g gw j; Ngwa ngwa o mere

ot ah. The nna gbagwojuru ya maka ya. Gn ka na-at aro m nd maara ihe na
nwa na-enwegh-ekwu, m ike n'ihi gw j m, na d mkpa nke bb m
ewetakwara g ot ah. Nke ma, na-ekwu na nna, ma mkpa nke bb m
ewetakwara g kwa, m ga-egbu gi maka ya. The nwata kwuru, gn ka m na-eche
banyere nke a iju mkpa ma br na nd nwere n'ime mkpa ka a ngide na-akw
gbala m ime otu ihe ah gw j; Ya mere ememe ya but- na z; oge bla nna
gbagwojuru ya n'ihi na ihe; ma si ot any na-ah nwa na-enwegh ke akpatre ma naamanye n'ime, bgh ime otu ihe ah gw j. N'ihi na m nwoke na-etinye nd
mmad maka onye ahuwo Nnam penalties l, n'ihi na nna, Chineke iji, eziokwu ah
b na d mkpa, na anyi makwara na-agba, a pgh obere jisiri consciously n'ihi na d
nn ka nile maara d ka nke ma mgbe d ka amagh ihe bla iwu d mkpa na
retara.
N'ezie, enwegh okwukwe na ahh na-akwghachi gw nd mgbe a nwsr a
ga-enwe ihe bla gara aga echiche; n'ihi na iti ihe mgbe na-eche na Chineke na m
mmad mmta n'onwe ya. Ma n'ozuzu gosiri ma na m mmad na agmakwkw
na mgbe a nwa na-enwegh ke ufk adgh ezu iti ihe, oro ebede kar, d nn na d
z, kkphi nke ulo; ma ezugh nwekwara ma b akwa ebe a ozokwa, ugbu a
b nan n'of a n'ihu ogbo, n'of ka na-apgh-akpali n'ihu. Onye na-ah na
agbanyegh bna ebe a n'okpuru izugbe direction nke Itie ihe; ma ebe b na nke a
b ma nd ebe a d n'okpuru ebe na njedebe, nwekwara ebe a n'okpuru nan ntziaka,
bgh r ka h gwgw. ga-ab iju br na any chr da mgbe bla
mgbe ebe ezi ndammana na-ad mgbe ihe n'z nd z na-efu zuo ezu okwukwe
na nd a na-ebe a ma b z na-ebi d ok mkpa na-akwado site na onye z nkeji
iri na ise gara aga lektara Day echiche, ie. Kama nke ah, na ya d mkpa iji onwe ya
na-eme ka otu ebe ya.
Ugbu a, i nwere ike ikwu reconnect na aga at, mma gaara br na nna nwa
okoro nd na ndo-amanye j, ga-ebip mmalite; na n'ezie b nchegbu nke Dara
Ogbenye ga-ata ta ihe niile banyere mkpa d nd deterministic anya, a isi isiokwu
nke indeterminism. kpr omume ga-ata ahh, ee, echiche nke kpr omume
onwe ya ga-efu. Na na na Determinism b eziokwu n'agbanyegh na d ka asuan si
z n'akk ma banye kas ma, nke na ihe ka d ka a at chr na kas elu na
ikpeaz ihe Chineke na anwgh anw na nnwere onwe - any na-eche ma na
indeterministic - na-emekar guzobere. M ga-aga maka nnwere onwe d ot etinye
coercion ihe ma.
N'izo now na-Indeterministic ndmd nke Nna ga-enwe otu na nwa na-enwegh
kama deterministic crackdown na z. Iji na-anagh agbanwe agbanwe na-emeghe,
ga-, m na-eche, nwere ikwu banyere nke ah.
E b nn d ka free ka ime gw j ah, kara bgh ime, na site nn tt
na-efega ga-a onwe, na-enwegh na-adgh omume uru nke mmad, gwla ma i
onwe-gi na nnwere onwe na-adgh begibst n'ihi efega nnwere onwe unu. Ya mere,
br na m iti g ugbu a, nke mere na anagh m maara n'ezie ihe mere m na-eme ya
n'ihi na m ga-esi nnwere onwe a mere na na-apgh na-aghagh ebelata. Nwere ike
na-ada site na iti ihe ma b nd z na penalties ma b gw r site mgbe ah,

diri gi aka, ya mere nwoke ga na-uru;kama nke ah, br na b na-ata ta mgbe

niile ka a pr kpebisiri ike na omume omume site uru na ghm. Ya mere imeri
nwnwa, si ot ka na-si j; a kwesr na a okwu nke nnwere onwe unu. Ma br
na ama nd na-efega ike nyere aka g ezi omume mmta, ya mere ha were ya si jiri
ndidi; b ugbu a otu n'ime wa ka mmehie expiation choro, b ezie na adgh m
echeta ihe mere, chr ma ka a an ah na-eme omume j. Ajuju nri onye nkzi
maka ya; nke na-ebe maara na ya. Ihe iji nyere nd si mtara omume ma d ka
penalties mgbe nile, dkara ala na-na fr nke ah mgbe na-theoretically dgh
ekwe ka ekweta. Ha akpali dgh ihe z echiche na ihe ma ndi ka na nwere
onwe, na-elekta ya ikpe ma b, na insofar ka ahgh any n'anya, ya mee ihe d
mma ma b ihe j. Ihu ma, hr n'anya nwa, ga-ah onwe g nke ma tupu a
m a metaphysical transcendental intelligible oge, ohere na dd rr n'gb nke
ihe kpebiri b n'ihi na mma ma b nj, ugbu eluigwe ma b hell, n'ihi na dgh
onye nwere ike n'ihi na bna mma Jehova; i n nn obi t nso ifre ugbu a d
mgbe . B Your intelligible agwa ka okokre na-adgh agafe agafe mgbe ebigh ebi,
na ihe niile dabara n'ezie n'ime ya nn ahr anya onu na okwu nke agwa d mkpa
n na-ah ot niile deterministic, ma intelligible agwa na nwetara arr n'l na
nnwere onwe; na br na deterministic emegide g onwe apta na ahr anya
eziokwu nke ukwuu, nke mere ha mkpa ichebe onwe ha nan na nke intelligible
ebe; n'ihi na dgh onye pr imezu ihe, na na isi ihe. Nke ukwuu mma, ma na-ah
a ugbu a mgbe na-aghta ihe bla nke a nile, na nd nile ahr anya mmta ihu
ma bla nwere ike imeli na-eme ka ka mma; g agwa ama okokre ke eziokwu
mgbe nile ebigh ebi.
Ka fathomless profundity nke intelligible, ihu ma kama inintelligiblen nnwere
onwe nke nd Altvater nke oge a na nk ihe mma a maara na elu, dabere na naarapara ahr anya ubi. Ebe b na-aj m fd m nwaany n'uche, nke e nwere,
enwegh mmehie, dgh ihe z ha yie ihe gara aga. Ha b nke ma n'ezinl, nne
ya na nna kwesr nspr d nd na-anapta ezigbo na mma nd mmad, tr ha t
ya anya nke ma-akziri, niile adgh cha, e debere n'ebe ha n, ha nwere na nne na
nna ha ezi ihe nlereanya na ezi ihe nlereanya e akcha ha. Ha b ch na megheworo
nd gabiga n'elu wa Diesseits mgbakwunye. b af ojuju na mmepe ha ebum pta
wa chch n'k nyere free rein, mgbe na-yigharr na ah ike, omume ma na
omenala, na nd kas nta na ndiiche si ya ma ha okwu nd na iwe nke nd mr ha, iyi
egwu, ntaramahh, na n'elu ihe nile site n'izo aka amara na iwe nke Chineke na
otherworldly nsogbu nd mmehie na z nke ziri ezi na-lta, nke mere na akpatre
ghr ha a pta wa, d nn aga n'z ziri ezi, na ihe d n'ime ekweghiekwe we
bilie, bna ka nta adap ya. Rue ike deere si, n'ihe mma na ebum pta wa usoro
mere nke a nile, na dabara nke ma na nke a osisi b a obi t otu.
Si ele ihe anya nke indeterminism nwere ihe nile na-kere, dgh n'ezie uru. N'ihi
na nd inyom a na-adgh bna sitekwara n'ime onwe ya, b ohiha mfe na-atghar
ihe ma ma j d ka omume ma; ha na-mere site na center nke wa ka ebe ha
ebum pta wa owuwu ya. Olee ot m ma a na-acha mkpuru iche ma b a mara
mma r nk ya mere ekele na-adgh ala, na ha abgh arr n'l, gbazinyere ihe
nan site kwesr ekwes ihe na-eme ot ah, d odide. Na ekele na na m ekele ya

d ka ihe m na bna ebe a n'okpuru iji ihe nwere iji mee ka wa iji, ihe d cha t
na-akpte; na b d ka na-mgbe fd okokre ama ebe a na ihe n'echiche ebe
na-agbal n'ebe nile.
Abgh m na-iche na-ag akk ah a mr na nd kas nj ngw, zlitere n'okpuru
nd j, mgbe d mkpa ga nke ma nke nd a preconditions emewo ka naan a
na aj nd na mgbal e, na-enwe kwa ka mmakwaara na wa iji nile ha n'aka ma
ghara ije karr nn b ihe d ot ah na-ag akk ebe a n'okpuru. Kama mgbe m
nwere a d cha nd na-ag akk, m nwere maka nke a b nan a ta na wa
ka na-ji a ga-ata ahh ntaramahh, nakwa na nd a nd mmad na-at anya ka ha
na-ab nk site mmebi. A ihe mere ha a mmebi, na ya ahh iji z, ma anagh m naah na o kwesr b ot ihe j, ma nd antecedent na otu chr nke b na ha ga-aka
mma ozugbo, ma bgh n'adgh n'aka Itie site adabara mmebi pr ime.
Ugbu a any ab d ok nj bna nd na-eson akk oppositely; ok nj nd d
nn ka nd kas kwes ekwes - ka any na-doo anya na ntziaka nke wa iji n'ezie
jr omume na-kas mma na-akwalite, bna na-j site na ya pta nke ihe j
mmegide na ibelata ihe ya.
Nd inyom na-enwe n'ozuzu nkwanye gw, hnanya, ihe niile na-aba izute ha, ha
onwe ha na-an ka na ganihu nke ihe ezinl ha, b ngzi b mbara, ihe nile a ezi
ak na uche; na-eche onwe g agagh eme ezu, nwere ike iyi nke ma na ga-ab
bna mfe eyi ha ma br na ha na-adgh nk mmta okpukpe ma n'ihi na ha
emezigh mmehie hell mere na-ekpo k na-enwegh isi z. Na aj abgh? Ihe niile
b megide ya, kpr ya as, i ji leghara, na-emer ya, igbachi ya elu, dgh udo
nke obi, intemperance ma b mmehie chch imegwara na ya pta on ah nke ha.
b ezie na anya nke wa na b nke j, mgbe mma kara ezi, na onye na-ewe
ka a mere iji kpp wa iji. Atughar amas b ya obi t kar; ma ma internally?
bgh naan na na ok ikpe, Ot d, na-nkezi, mere uchu, Agafegh oke, Fair,
n'Eziokwu, Charitable bna externally mma kara b nd na-abgh nke a, na ihe
ibido bgh chr, n'echiche a, obp ama n'of emekar tupu gwgw nke ; na
br na bna pr izute nd kas mma mwute miri emi, na-enyere ya echiche nd a
n'wa z; ihe na-enyere nd aj gabiga?
b eziokwu, ma br na agmakwkw na o legharawo nwa izo aka na ya ihe
ma, na ike na-agnye Iwu, b ezie na bgh nan ha a na-agnye na-agzi ma na
ihe at nd a na-agnye - d ka di penalties adkargh iru eru iji mee ka e mma ka n
n'wa a, e nke ukwuu na-eleghara anya, ee nwoke emikpu ma mkpr n'l mkpr
d na iso j enyi, naan miri n'ime osote. Na mgbe onye ezi omume, gbara ya
gburugburu nd na-hr n'anya ya, na-anw anw na a ilekiri gaba n'iru ke akpatre
adabere nke aj, ebipuworo ma tba ya n'ime olulu, na-enwegh ka mma; naangide maka ya oke; ma nke a ikpeaz resotu, ichebe onwe ha site na ike d ukwuu
nke punitive n'ihi mmehie ya n'ot akuku, na-azpta ya abgh naan na bgh
megide otherworldly, ma na-achp ya otu ihe kpere n'ikpe,-eche ya iji; na br na
a n'akk mmekp n naan wep nkwuputa ha, ha ga-emes amanye mma
otherworldly. Ya mere hell b nke mere na ha emeri ihe j akpatre gburu onwe ya.
Ma gn ka beweisest na? onye na-aj. Ana m as: M ghara igosi; M kwere na

ya; ma na e nwere okwukwe na ihe bla m mara na ihe m nwere ike ikwubi, naenwe j maka site na a bara si ele ihe anya, mettara ezi uche. ekwegh onye naahr continuest na osote; kpgidere g, ma egwu; nr n nchebe nke bla, ka
mma onwe g na nke a wa.
Mgbe niile, ibu r na-adgh efu site na iwu mkpebi weere Determinism; brzie
nan n'okpuru a d iche iche si ele ihe anya karr n'echiche nke indeterminacy. Man
b nke mere nn eme ka tr anya ya n'ihi omume j ntaramahh si ele ihe
anya na-enwekwa ganihu bna d ka wa ya na-eso ya. Na mmehie ya d mkpa
adgh agbanwe eziokwu. Ma echiche na a ntaramahh nke akpatre outdoes mmehie,
d ka d mkpa ptara d ka nke a mkpa taa ma b echi, ebe a ma b n'ebe ah, a
n'akk ma b izute gabiga, otu ebe na-adgh eme bna na n'etiti n'aka nke wa
iji, mmehie iji gbochie ma na-si ot nweta nd d mma na-enwe ganihu; na naagbanwe ihe bla z na d mma nke a ptara na ya emee mkpa ebe ptara. Ebe
adgh ime ma b mmad emegh ihe ezu ntaramahh now ot na-egosipta ya
mkpa mmetta, na obp a mb mmetta na nke a na otu mmetta bgh site, n'ihi
ya, na-eme n'ikpeaz, a ikpeaz, ma nke a nwere ga-ab a mb.
D nn ka ntaramahh abgh nan ihe ga-melite mmad - na-at, na-ezi na
kwughachi onye ezi akk ya - na b n'ebe ah bgh naan iji melite nd; ma
tupu na-akpata ya na-enwegh na na-akpata ya scares na Bad onwe ha na nd z
ihe mmer ah megide l r ma b ghara inweta ya nke nnwere onwe ime ot
ah; na ihe at a nke mma, deterrence na mgbochi, nke otu onye ma b nd z na
kas pta h n'nd nd d n'otu n'okpuru otu: nke bu eziokwu na onye mmehie
maka ihe j nke iwetara otu, j na kwukwara z, na nchekwaba na kwalite
dmma nke ha mmad n'ozuzu na-eje ozi; onye mmehie iche nke nd a naan obere
ibe akwkw nke ma na mbanye mma na-enweta ya ibe akwkw nke uru nke
ntaramahh. N'ihi na-at aro bgh site na otu ahiriokwu, n'ihi ya, Nleta ma a ibe
akwkw nke usoro nke penalties akpatre agbaji free.
Na nke a, ihe nd kas bara uru kpr ozugbo na subordinating kpr na-eje ozi
ya ikpe abamuru nke ha mmad, na ha ngwa kwesr nd d ot ah na nke a
ebumnuche na-enweta, n'ebe bla o kwere omume, the Day abakwute kpr nke
expiation nke mmehie megide ya ikpe, nke baseless na ihe efu d ka ogologo oge naangide, d ka na-apgh sghara na. Ma kweskwara ga nke ma ya translation of
ah n'ozuzu kpr, ihe mere nd d ot ah kama bgh chebere site n'eziokwu ah
b na arapara ozugbo na ya doro anya Auspruch.
Abughi omume uru ma b na-abagh uru nke ihe omume ma b omission naefu na Determinism-ebilite kama z naan a triftigeren Gesichspunkt d ka n'echiche
nke indeterminacy. The indeterminist onwe ya nwere ike bgh naan na-ach na
ihe itbe maka nnwere onwe, ma bgh free hr j ga-kot bch a hr mma,
ma na-ah ya na ya na nnwere onwe ihe Chineke n'echiche nke izugbe, di na omume
uru wa na-edu nd na-ah na-hr, nke a na-emegiderta ,. Eben bkwa
Determinism ach omume uru ma b na-abagh uru, naan na deterministically
turu ime nnwere onwe kama na n'elu uche d ka indeterministic. eme si mpta
mmanye ihe wa ga-erite uru, nwekwara guzobere n'ime ptara Determinism dgh

omume uru nke ihe n'ihi ihe dgh eso site n'ime d mma nke mmad; ma jr dd
zuru oke nke mmad d ka ike nke d mma, na ihe nile mpga nwnwa j ihe
bla agbakta megide ya, ot ah ga-ime-ime na mkpa, site na nke d mma, omume
ma uru nke omume ya bgh nan na-adgh ibelata, ma na-etinye d ka elu d ka o
kwere oghere.
Ka any laghachi isi ihe z.
Ji Ama Ezigbo na enviable b ndidi, nway na nrubeisi nke nd Turk bla mgbu
na mweda n'ala na-akris ya na-adru. Chineke na-ach ya ot ah, na-gagh agara
ya; na mgbe nile nke kwesr ntkwas obi na-eche paradise. bna Krast e na a
ndidi, nway na-erubere nd Schickungen Chineke; kama b naan d ka obere
wezga, e nwere a na-ach. Nke a b ngzi nke Determinism, a ngzi ah nke ihe
niile nwere ike, a ga-atle bgh mmeru na indeterministic tiori nke nnwere onwe
ah, Nd Krast na Turks okwukwe elu na wusiri ya mma mmewere ya j. N'ihi na
n'aka, o nwekwara j ya mmewere. The ghtawo Determinism nwere ike naapgh izere ezere z ebe aka m akpa akwa na nche, ihe niile ka ga-adr, ma rr
r na ihe mma na odida na ihu onwe ya b, na-akw gbala, aka iji zere
mgbochi j mmiri ozuzo. Gn nwoke na nke kacha mma ihe mma na uche site
n'onwe ya apgh imezu nke a ruo mgbe o nwere anya n'ihi na emeju na
Chineke. N'ihi na Turk anagh nwere nghta, na-ahap k obodo, na aj ria nfe
efe eripa nd mmad, ma ga-aba a oge ebe ga-ach na sat nke Turks; n'ihi na
mkpa nke wa iji na-aghta na bgh ihe niile na-at anya nke r ha, ma ijikwa ha
agha na ptara valiantly.
na-as, ma mgbe ah ihe b ihe Chineke chch wa, ihe Chineke na, a ndokwa
Chineke maka wa ma br na d mkpa ka ihe niile? br na nke ah abgh
dum Chineke gharazie ba uru? Ma, olee ot pr isi mee ka Chineke nke ya dd
na r na-anchi anya mkpa onwe ya, n'ekpere. The mkpa b iche si Chineke,
bgh megide ya, ma ha iwu b onwe ya na teepu nke ya dd na r. Na ot chr
nlekta nd a nna g Auferziehung ot d mkpa m mmad na ha Auferziehung naelekta nke Chineke. Na otu na ihe nd z na-elekta mkpa bna, mgbanwe
bla. N'abal ele N'ezie, na-eme ka br na nd ime mm na-ar r kwsr,
n'ebe e nwere mkpa anginge; ma nke ah b nn nan na tt gha mmeghar anya
nke abal echiche.
4. Ekpere.
na-aj akpatre: ihe nwere ike iji ekpere bna ma br na e nwere n'wa d ka
iwu nke predetermine ihe niile d mkpa na-eru nso. Nwere ike merie mkpa? No, na
ike bgh ekpere; ma-eru bna n'okpuru ha ihe mere Place. Ihe o yiri fd, mb
na nwoke onwe ya na subs na-ach gabiga; n'ihi na ihe bla na-ar r na nwoke,
nke b ozugbo ma b udiozi, ma b anya unsichtlich, akp mmetta ya na gabiga
ya na contiguous na ya n'wa, any nwere ike ghara ma na-achso ihe nd a. br
na m na-ah na otu onye n'ime mmad nke nd ikom nd z, nd nne na nna, nd
enyi, na bna nd ala z, na-eduzi Biko nwere ike budata-eme iji chpta ha iji nye
ihe na-agagh ga-akwadoro enwegh a arr, m nwere ike na-eme nke ma ikpe
-ah a n'ozuzu iwu, na-ewere ya na o kwere omume na a mkpebi degaara Chineke d

ka onye nnchiteanya nke eluigwe na ala Biko nwere a kwekr ekwek mmetta.
b naan ihe d iche na m nwere mkpesa nd ikom z nd na-egosipta atughar n'ihi
na ha b mpga nke m, m na-adgh mkpa ka Chineke n'ihi na m nwere miko n'ebe
n. Ma na mmemmem naan ikwere na nd nrpta r nke ekpere. ma karr
mmetta nke inyme ekpere d ka n na nzuzo n'elu-efe ya, ma na nke nwere ike b
ir naan site a na-abgh trackable aka na a nabatara umu onodu nke ihe ebe a naaba nd na echiche nke na-ekwupta ekpere ozugbo efe onwe ha brhaala na n'z
nke na na-emegide nd mputa na ibe, nwere tt ihe mmetta ya mfep, d ka ot
mputa b megide ya na odomo; nakwa na dgh onwe ya mara ihe d ka, a ekpere
pr kpatawo ya na mma na okwu nke mmezu nke ya arr na-ebilite, ka gaara naenwegh ekpere nd ikpe.
Ugbu a, n'ezie, nwere ike manye g na dgh onye kwere na nrpta r nke
ekpere na otu ma b n'echiche z; ma na nkwenkwe b n'okpuru ihe niile at
n'kpr nile nke okwukwe ma si ot ah na-abanye ka a oge okpukpe n'akk nke
bch echiche. Site n'n n'akk, ya naan hr goro echiche aba chm na ekpere
bla na nd mmad na ihe ga nke ma mwube ga-eme gabiga ya, nke presuppose
ntnyere ir nke arr si nd mmad nd mmad, na kama n'echiche nke arr ka
Nkweta b ir. Nke bara uru n'akk nwoke mere mkpa maka ekpere, na na-enwe
mmetta bara uru nke a nri ekpere, na historischerseits na e nwere ekpere, d ka
ogologo oge d ka e nwere okpukpe. Na-ekpere site n'wa, na b d ka ma br na
i nwere ihe nkek nke ndi mmadu adwa na Chineke, mere ka ire onye nwa ide ji
kwupta na nna. Ma okwukwe na nrpta r nke ekpere, ma ekpere onwe-ya gosi
kwa ya ir ma merie ya akk ptara.
Si aga ele ihe anya na eyeyere akam ke ofri ofri n'otu oge eruba nd nke
nkwalite d ka nd na-egbochi r d ot ah; n'ihi na onye zuru ir b otu ihe ah
mere ihe bla karr ar nd Nyen m mmad. N'ezie, mgbe a Ekpere fd naat anya ga-akwadoro, na hotter b, mgbe nile, na-aga n'otu uzo, ihe dr n'otu
n'otu uzo b n'ihi na nd niile na mesiri ike na-enye hinwirkende mere; na-ekweta na
izugbe anya nke ekpere; ma nd a nke onye nd na-enye ya nsogbu naebumnobi. A ekpere bkwa ihe fd na-at anya ga-akwadoro, dabere olu, b
ntziaka na-ewe Chineke wa na-edu nd ofri bna iche n'ebe nd ekpere; Force
site n'onwe ya na-apgh ikwe ka ego enyem, b nn a aro maka Chineke, naar izute, na-ewepta ihe bla agha, ptara nke a na ije, ma adgh enwe obi t
chefuo, a mere na-ekere k, na eme ihe n'ezie ihe omume. The ego enyem nwere ike
egbochikwa ukwuu n'wa iji; o nwere maka nd z na z kara ka ha na-elekta
petitioner, na n'ihi na ya onwe ya na ya, ma elegh anya nzuzu ichegbu onwe g Biko
nakwa. nd nzuzu na nwa b ma fd Biko bipu, n'ihi na na-aga site na-agagh
ekwe omume isi ike, na n'ozuzu echiche anagh anabata, ma b ihe bara nn
emer nwekwara si kindest nna; ma br na-amas g na-ekwu na ihe niile a na
arr na-eme ihe bla ga-eji ya iji nye; -enwegh arr, gaara chere na nke ego
enyem; Ma pr ime ihe d ya iji nye nd na-ar na-enweta d ka petitioner nyere
ya; Ya mere, ekpere pr isi nyere, ihe na-agagh ab allowable ime n'z nd z,
allowable; na-anchi n'akk nile z, uru na ghm nke otu, ot ah ka ekpere gaab mmetta; a Gran ekpere suffices ka mgbe ab yiri pound machibidoro onwe

ya; N'eziokwu a pand ekpere bgh mgbe a ga-enwe ihe efu shei brkwa megide a
hundredweight.
Ya mere, onye na-nt ihe biko, na adgh apta na pr iwe iwe a siri ike n
mgbidi nke Chineke na ekpere ya; N'oge na-adgh ga-aj nd agagh ekwe
omume. bna ihe pr rzu ya ihe mma na ike ya site onwe ya, ot a ka O
bgh nan na-ar Chineke; ya onwe ya bu Chineke, ma-esote ma b naan-esi
imeli ya ma b nweta; Chineke, o nwere na-atghar naan mgbe mma isi e, ike
agw; ma elegh anya, o nwere ike Chineke kwa bch ekpe ekpere ka Chineke naenye na nd ime ya, na-gi ike n'z enyemaka na ngzi nke bgh gwsr site
n'elu. Ma chr a j ihe bla na schlimmem uche, ya mere, ga na-eduzi na a n'z
ziri ezi, nwere n'wa iji kama imere ma b site nd na-esi nke ego enyem onwe ya
ntaramahh kwadebere.
Ot d, otu onye nwere a ekpere bgh nan n'ebe Chineke n, ka O we nye any a
chr, kamakwa welitere na obi ike na ya chere na na, ihe any na-ezute bna
ugbu a ma ka na-eru nso, ga-esi gaa maka kas mma, na na br na, mgbe nd d
mkpa n'ezie ihe n'etiti wa a ghara iru na nke nd ga-enwe ike mezue. nye chere
nkasi-obi nke a echiche na nd kas ok ahh naan otu ugboro, ma onye hr ot
nke a echiche na ot a zlitere na nd nke nd na-edo onwe ha site kacha nj ule
bgh naan na internally ziri ezi, ma na-enye ya onye ozo gw na omume nd -eme
ka kas mma na-angide na oke ba, nke a aptagh na nd d ot ah a ekpere naeji. Ka a mere ya, na-enyere onwe ha na ike nyere aka, ma, ya mere, na-angide
ewepgh bna d ka onye ikpeaz onwe enyemaka echiche: Chineke ga-enyere na
biko, Chineke ga-egosi ya nke ziri ezi. Na na ihe a fdr nke nd z, mgbe ah, o
na-akpali ka nzuk idaha, enye ama mgbe ah abatakwa ihe n'aka ha; na tt naahr na-enyere nd z ihe ot atghara ya akara aka, d ka br n ya akara na
Chineke n'ekwuto ma gr. Ma o mettagh iduzi nd echiche nke a nwr anw
n'wa iji, ma na a d nd, na-ekere k any Leiben Chineke, echiche b na-n'ezie nd
ma na-akasi nn obi na ir.
zkwa ekele ekpere n'ebe ah; na mgbe indeterminist-ekwu, olee ot ga-ar
Chineke maka ihe na-eme site n'ok mkpa, ma b anagh eme eme, n'ihi ya pr
nn ikwu, olee ot any na-ekele Chineke maka ihe, ihe o nyere n'ihi mkpa; ma nd
ah nwere determinist jr, s: olee ot any na-ekele Chineke maka ihe o nyere ma a
zuru ezu estidem ma b mpga mere. Ugbu a, any ga-amas na-ekele nne na nna,
enyi, benefactors, ma br na ha na-eme any mma, d ka any iche na ha na-eme ya
n'ihi hnanya, na-enwegh-ar ma hnanya na-bchagh niile metere ka any mkpa
ma b adgh ezu, any ga-ewere ya na ha nwere a fancy ka any Ekele; na na-eme
any bna obi t ka na-ekele g, otu ego z ma br na nke a mma, nke a d
mkpa; gn mere ga iche iche na Chineke. M eche na ihe o Chineke mma na m naekele unu nwere, ma na-enye m wee kelee ya. Nke ah b ezuru ihe.
Onye pr h ot na aga na otu, b ezie nn deterministic anya nke nrpta r
nke ekpere ma na-eduga n ihe na nke i nwere ike na-adabara, na n'ihi na nke
indeterminist ihe d mma na-enye. D ka ya, e Chineke b free indeterministic, na nd
ji ekpere b iji nye, ma b na-aj; ma br na mgbe niile prefers kas mma

bna mgbe indeterminists Chineke n'ihi amamihe ya zuru ok na d mma, nke mere
na-aba otu ihe, d ka ma br na determinist kpomkwem n'ihi na nke a dd nke
Divine Being Chineke ihe kas mma na o kwere omume d ka nd nke d ad , naahap ahr d mkpa; na o yiri na-enwegh isi mgbe na-ekwu okwu d ka a atuaha
nke a nnwere onwe, bgh mma ka na. Ugbu a, i nwere ike n'ezie na-ekwu: Chineke
nwere ike hr ihe chr, b kpomkwem na na prefers ka Chineke, nd kas
mma; ma n'ezie na na-ach kama d mma nke Chineke, na ihe prefers, na-o kere
eke aba chm. Na ebe na-erite na indeterminist kwesr ekwes nd nd nrpta r
nke ekpere d ka determinist.
z bch banyere mm nke wa b onye n'etiti eke n'etiti any na Chineke,
nwere ike jr, s: agagh-eduzi ekpere mb nke mm, kama na any na-Chineke
maka iji wuchaa.A isiokwu nd dabeere ma ya arr ibido na Central Authority, tupu
ya importuned eze na ya. Ma na nke a na-eme ka ihe d iche zr na m mmad
eze nke chere ihu n'elu ah, na d anya nwere kwupta ya, eze amagh ha niile
mkpa ya na nd nakwa d ka Central ikike, bgh nabata arr niile, bna
esemokwu ah nwere ike niile itu elu; ma ihe nile nke di Chineke d iche iche, na e
nwere ike na-anchi anya nd a mmekrta dgh Safety Authority niile Chineke, onye
amama kwa kama h dum Chineke d ka Central ikike, nke onwe ya b ka kr, na
bkwa adaba naan na nd d ot ah a nkebi ahrokwu ah zuru ezu. Nd g mm
na-efe N'ezie kama nke onye Chineke na kpakpando; ma d nn k ha amagh,
fd Chineke n'ime na site nile d na mbara igwe; na b nke ihe nke Nd Krast
n'wa si ele na repealing-ekpere ars dda kwesr.
Against a, d nn ndt na-abawanye nke kpr nke arr any zigara
Mitlebende ma br na any na-elekwas anya na defunct hr n'anya ma b Holy
nd any n'ihe ebe ha karsa any nso ma b banyere any ma b isiokwu nke
arr na a mmekrta pr iche na-aga enyere nd nd mgbe a nwsr na-anchite
anya Chineke na. N'ihi na d ka ozizi nd Day onwe ya b z d n'etiti nke a n'akk
bi naan na d z na nd mgbe a nwsr About kwewo on, ma nd b nd a n'ihuekere k ptara kara nke a n'akk na-n ekwegasr.The Protestantism b n'ezie a
mara mma ma na ihe fr nke ka d ir, br n'ezie na-mgbe na-emegbu, omenala
furu efu nn ba; na-enye ihe mma na-ah na Catholic kpku nd ns ihe bla
ma eme ihe. Ozizi nke Day nke nd a ma na-eme ka nd z echiche ebe a banyere
ohere; d nn na-adgh atlekwu banyere ebe a.
Na Asaa. Iwu nke causality ma b causal kpr 1) .
(More n'ozuzu. The echiche nke ike na ahmah nkwubi okwu.)
b ezie na iwu nke causality ma b causal kpr 2) -adgh ala ime mm
kara ihe onwunwe ma b eke ebe banyere ya, ka ebe a na mb na isi na-ewere na
mmekrita nke ikpeaz na ot ihe anya na-egosi echiche nke malite, nakweere
kpmkwem sayens, isi ndokwa nke ihe wa na-e, na-enwegh iwu causality agb
kwa kpr n'ihi kama agbara b eziokwu.
1)

Nke a ngalaba okosobode ke ok mkpa n'k nke na a gara aga edemede "On
iwu causality" na Ber. d. eze. schs. Soz. 1849. p 98 iche.

2)

Nke ikpeaz ezo aka n nd izugbe banyere nke na-eme ebe a, ma elegh
anya ka mma kara nke mb.

Estidem ala nke a ihe onwunwe usoro kpebisiri ike na bla oge: mb, a gbata,
n gg, tightness na banyere na ah assumable gw nke ikpeaz akk, nke
nloghachi pr chta ihe mere any nkenke ichikota dd nke a n'akk, Nke abuo,
nd ikwu d anya na nd ya na-akwanyere onye bla z, nke any na-eji nkenke
oge d ka ndokwa ya ezo, nke at, ha ikwu ala nke ngaghar, ie ntziaka, s na
osooso ala nke ha ije megide onye bla z; ikwu ije ma mejuptara na ikwu n'z
sitere onye z na ndokwa ruru. The ozuzu oke nke at nd a oge chpta na
estidem nd any ichikota nkenke d ka estidem gburugburu ebe obibi, ma b
estidem nd nke usoro; Ot d, any d ka mpga nd, mpga nd nke a ihe
onwunwe usoro, nd kwekr ekwek ndokwa oge nke ihe wa na-abgh nke ya, naotu na-agbara ha mmekah, lee. Maka dum ihe onwunwe wa, e nwere n'ezie nan
estidem nd, n'ihi na ihe bla nwere oke usoro na ihe bla nwere oke akk
nke a usoro ma estidem na mpga nd. Ugbu a d ka ogologo oge na-aga az
mgbe nile naan akk nke nwere oke size, ike ga-chere na nke d ka o kwere na niile
udidi iche otu na akk, udi, njupta adabere na iche d na anya na ndokwa nd
bna nta ke akpatre analysis mfe, yiri nhr ah, daptara ha na-emi esnede, nakwa
na ya onwe ya pr d na otu ebe n'ime l, ma dgh gbasara ohere ruo n'k,
nwere d iche iche tightness, na d iche iche isi gw nke okwu tutu amama si
ot. N'ihi ya a ok isi simplification nke okike chptara ga--nyere. Ugbu a, na
dgh njikere na ihe mma nke okike iji kpebie okwu banyere ihe d ot ah
reducibility zuru ike nwere ike; ma dd nke nnyocha yiri ka atghkwa ka a
simplification z na nd z. N'okpuru nd ya nile ga-akwanyere ikpeaz atm d
na-ekwu bna site mpga nd, nakwa na ga-akp. Simple chemical ngwar,
nke b ugbu a ka iche, ha d iche naan ya mere nwere na n'ebe nile d ka nd d mfe
atm na ha na m irighiri ihe d iche iche n gg na nkz, ikekwe d iche iche
n'nd nke ngaghar, ya d mfe cha na-zutere. The ponderable ozu b naan
conglomerations otu ihe site na nke ether na-, nd d iche iche imponderables nd ah
dabeere na nan on d iche iche na-ekwu nke ngaghar nke a Eta, na ab iche iche
nke k eletrik nwere ike b naan otu. z kwa, ok simplification ga-ab na
Mbelata ka nan ab differente gw nke N'ezie, olee ot nd d ot ah kpam kpam
iyi n'adgh iche iche nke k eletrik, enweta ihe a ikike na-adbegh anya mm
nke nat edu.
N'ihi na nd na-eson n'ozuzu echiche, Ot d, nwere ike mgbe a ga-ekpe
undecided dum ajj nke-ekwe omume na k d ot ah simplification. Ihe n'z
nkiti iwu i nwere ike h na d mkpa iji dozie okwu ah na-anchi anya dabere
phenomena, bgh nan na-angide na-anya na nd na-eson iwu causality ma b
causation nd a iche unaffected, ma dkwa na elu mee ala bna maka chch nke ihe
otu n'ime isi ihe oriri okwu nwere na-kwuru, na-ele anya na. Site n'onwe ya b
ndokwa nd e kwuru doro anya na-egosi na na-ele na dubious ndokwa, d ka nd nanakweere, ya mere ebe a pta a nkwenye nke iwu.

Ma any na-atghar ihe nd a echiche kwesr nan na-eje ozi kwuptara n'ezogh
n na, echiche nke nd ka nke itinye iwu nke causality, inye a kpmkwem naegosi, na echiche nke iwu ah n'onwe ya.
Ke ofri ofri, ihe si d, nd wa na-agbanwe, na-esokwa nwoke nyere nd z
d ka a r nke nyere. Ruo k ah otu now nke a n'ozuzu legitimacy nke a na nduzi
site nile e kere eke, ugbu a chr ikwu okwu a n'ozuzu causal iwu, otu onye nwere
iche na, mgbe na ebe otu ihe onwunwe nd, nd recur, laghachi otu pta; n'ihi
na, soro einemal z kara mgbe z, ga-d na n'ozuzu nti ojiji nke echiche nke iwu
inye iwu bla ma b ga-ad ka nkewa nke iwu. Short presupposition b na okwu
nke legality onwe ya, ma b ike kpr ya nile. Ma n'ezie echiche, kpr naghtara, ma a n'ozuzu eke iwu n'ezie b, n'echiche a, otu na-apgh kpebiri, ma naach ahmah site mmepe nke echiche ma b kpr.
Ugbu a pr ijide n'aka, nn ka yiri estidem na mpga nd a ihe onwunwe
usoro kwadebere mgbe niile z, bna anchi onye nke ya na N'ezie nke dd
z; ma i nwere ike h ya, na ihe-eru nso bu z nd nke ohiha, otu atghar ihe
ga nke ma ka i wee mechie mgbe ohiha nke nd e kwuru n'elu nd ga-ezu ezu,
ga-ab na ha nhata nke ma. Ebe a na corroborability aba chm, ot ihu ma nd d
ot ah b nan kwe omume n'ihi na ha na ihe ga nke ma, nke na-ebe ke a nyere
district, zkwa dina n'akk akws mmetta nd z, ot e nwere ike na-eleghara
anya nd z mere nd gbadakwuo b ot na-egosi na n nke ike ndda na anya na
Unmerklichwerden nd molekla agha n'elu rba anya karr. D ka now, nn weere
nakwa n'ihi ma dgh mgbe ezi n'anya, inwe mmetta n'ebe nd d anya ma enweghi
ike naghachi mgbe nile kpmkwem n'nd nd yiri ya na ahmah, doo nke a
n'ozuzu iwu nke uwa ke n'elu uche mgbe niile ngide na a amma, ma na-ewe nd
n'okike nke a amma n'ihi na chtara ya enen emekwa ot ah kar ka ihe juputara
deere ka ikpe na-eru nso hara nhata na o kwere omume, na n'ihi na na-enyere ya
aka n nkwubi nd na-egosi z na ahmah, rue a sequel na otu, b ike.
D ka corollary ka iwu na, mgbe na ebe otu nd recur, laghachi otu results, nke
mere na-ekwu okwu, d ka nke ab nke-ajkar iwu, otu onye nwere ike ichepta
kpr ah, n'ebe bla na d iche iche nd, nd ime ime tt ihe ga nke
ma. N'ezie emetta d ka nd corroborability na nd fdr hypothetical agwa nke a
ab n'akk nke iwu ah d ka si akpa peeji nke.
tt mgbe, n'ezie, nwere ike iputa na n'ihi b h, d iche iche usoro ma b d
iche iche nd ah pta; Naan mgbe otu ga-ma gosi ma b nwere ike chere na
nke d ka o kwere nd na any si gbapta nd bu z ma b di ndokwa ihe ma
b ntakr nke any ga na ya concurrence show enen iwu. D ot ah b ikpe nke otu
nkume d iche iche d elu mgbe niile na-eduga n otu Mmeri Anlangens n'elu ala, nke
o doro anya na-ekwu okwu megide ab n'akk nke iwu; Ma o zutere d iche iche
s na emee ka anya doo n'ala d iche iche ike. Na nke bla, iwu nwere na nlekota
oru na ntule nke kacha inweta ikpe n'k-egosi na ab, na now nwesr az closes
nke h ma b ahagh esi nke na otu ma b d iche iche na-akpata, na-emetta d
ka n'elu, bna na-ekpebi nd isi ajj na ya ma n'ezie ikpebi nyochaworo ma onye
na-eme ka ime na n'kpa a n'ebe nile otu ihe ah okwu d iche iche iwu na steeti

ngaghar. pr b nd d ot ah. B. Ee, na iwu na ije na nd onwe ha nke

ikpeaz akk na-aga az ruo ebe ke eche echiche, na-ahuta ka h na ab ikpe
nwere ihe mere, ma d tt ihe ga nke ma ga-ah, wee si na ya, mgbe ah onye
ga-a anabata ihe d iche na njupta ma b gw nke akk ma kwes ekwes.
The iwu ga nke ma gara aga nd ma b nd a na-akp a causal ma b d
ka nd nke ihe ga nke ma, na ihe ga nke ma bna d ka ha na-akpata;
hypostatizes iwu mmekrta d n'etiti kpatara ihe na mmetta na usoro nke ike, site
n'onye ah nke nke kpatara na-am mmetta ya nke ma, na ihe e ji mara na ike mma
ma b n'z a kwadebere akwadebe site na iwu, na-egosi d N'ihi si nd ka o di
ka nke na-ezo iwu, z. B. ma mma ma b repulsion, quantified site na-eson si iwu
mmekrta elu nke ebughi osooso ah ka ihe onwunwe akk.
Short, onye pr ikwu na o circumvention nke echiche nke iwu: ike b mmekrta,
site n'onye ah nke b nke gbasoro onye nke z, bgh nan mgbe z. Ma ot a
ka a d iche iche "si z" si mere "mgbe z?" Naan nn eziokwu na ihe oputara
ebe a, ma otu ugboro, n'ebe nile na mgbe nile, na iwu ya nd a. Ya mere, na-anwa
ikpeaz nkwa nke echiche nke ike ma laghachi na ihe banyere iwu usoro. bgh
n'z na-eson, a chptara site m na nkwupta na yiri, elegh anya na-ejikar
hr: "mmetta b nan nd na-apta n'akwkw a ihe mgbanwe, nke agagh mere
na-enwegh nn nke ihe z," ma na ike na "nexus n'etiti ihe ab nke akk ihe
mmetta nke ike ". Ma nke ah e nyere na-agbanwe ihe na-apgh iri ebe na-enwegh
nn nke a nyere nd z, na-z na insofar mta, d ka mgbe niile na n'ebe niile
nke otu n'ike-n'ike nke ma ihe (hara nhata ma b enwegh mpga nd
mitbedingender si ot anya isi) ga-agbaso otu mgbanwe. Ebe na-adgh ekwe ntinye
nke mgbanwe a ihe na d ad nke ihe bla z n n'okpuru iwu a, ha nwekwara ike
b nd na-abgh eri ah mmetta d ka d ad nke nd z ihe.
Ugbu a onye pr ikwu: b ezie idebe iwu na-egosi na ihe nd a site z, a naegosi d ad nke a ike, nke na-adabere na disassembly usoro, ma echiche nke iwu
nwere ma na-onwe g ihe bla na usoro nke mediation na disassembly usoro na
ugbu ike iji kee; N'ihi ya, kama na-ike d ka r r nke iwu, otu onye nwere na-iwu
ka a mkpebi siri ike nke na ike. b mgbe ah ebube ot iwu b na-a m nke d ad
nke a ike na e ji mara nd ha mode nke r na-. N'agbanyegh, Ot d, d ka chr
mmekrta d n'etiti iwu na ike iyi akwa si echiche, nyochawa ngide na iwu na ike
ah a ihe karr nan d na-enwe mmekrta kpgidere n; na-eme ihe n'eziokwu
n'ihi na physics nke echiche nke ike nan d ka ihe inyeaka okwu maka ngosi nke iwu
nke ngaghar on.
na-eche echiche okwu ya esnede nd agha, d ka na mere fd nd k ihe
mma, nwere maka n'okike nke bla doo anya ptara, na amagh m maka onye ha
ga na-l. Nwere a doro anya echiche nke agha na ebe nke ihe onwunwe na-eme, i
nwere ihe spatially mettara nan akk fd ihe a na-akp okwu, presuppose; n'z
doro anya definable agha egosipta na o doo anya specifiable z ma si ot maara
physics ike ihe. Agha, site na nke b site na nke na spatially mettara nan akk
fd n'onwe ya kwesr naan ibili na nd na-agagh traceable njik, ma nwere ike
mgbe abgewinnen a doo anya echiche ha. br na onye chr ikwu okwu nke kere

eke nke okwu, ka ha anwo na bgh ka e mgbagwoju anya na ije nke okwu
ntghar bgh ike nke ihe e kere eke, ma br na mgbe ikwu okwu nke nd d ot
ah nwere ike ime, na ije agha. zkwa edogh b njirimara nke ike na okwu,
whereupon fd na-eme ihe bara uru, ihe d mma ime na-enwegh ya.
b kwuru banyere: any ga-ewep okwu kama b naan site na agha nke naegosipta na uche ziri ezi, ezi, n'ihi ya, b ihe fr agha nke any na-aghta na
nwata d ka okwu ma b tgharr ka nd d ot ah. Ma nke ah b adabagh. Ihe
any na-akwa kpmkwem d ka okwu, ma na-tactile sensations, visual sensations naapta dpr adp any na echiche any ebe, na echiche nke nd agha na-ebilite naan
site n'etiti ha. Na mmetta nd a na-esi sensashion, any na-akp okwu causally mere
dabere na ihe na nime ya sgharta onwe ya, b okwu z; agbanyegh any nwere
ike na causal mediation n'etiti hypothetical okwu n'z na sensations n'ime, ie, b ike
na dgh ezo na okwu ah n'onwe ya, na-enwegh daba n'ok mgbagwoju anya.
Ruo k ah otu adr iwu ga nke ma na-am banyere ihe si na n'otu nke ab
ihe onwunwe akk a , b egosi ihe z n'ihu eleghara ma b equating ngalabamkpebi siri 3) , nke a ga nke ma nwere ike mgbe niile kewaa ab ga nke ma nke
a na akk nke a nchegbu na nd z na nd z na akk b nchegbu. N'ime nd a,
any na-eche nd na site n'oru nke onye ozo ike site B ka A , nke a
nke a na- b pta. Ma agha ma na-adgh nr onwe ha, ma kpgidere onwe ha n'z
iwu kwadoro site dd na b n, nd ab n'akk n, na otu agha na-akp
estidem agha nke usoro nke ma akk, ebe na-egosi n'eziokwu na ya usoro ma ibi
na ya mezie estidem mmekah na statutory onodu. Ihe d iche n'etiti mpga na
estidem agha b adgh mere a d iche ikwu okwu, ma na ikwu na akk ma b
dum nke usoro. Ihe akk ab, b eziokwu nke bla n gg nke akk a
usoro; onye bla dabara mpga agha si n'akk nd z nke usoro na nd d ot ah
na-kwuptara na n'akk nd z nke usoro; Ma nd a niile agha b n'ime usoro onwe
ya. Na inorganic n'gb na-atle ihe ga nke ma ukwuu n'ime ka mpga agha, na
organic d ka dabere na estidem agha, na elegh anya na-eche na bna na-ezigh
nime ya ndina a isi d iche nke inorganic na organic agha na nd naan ot ah, a
pr nan ga-mere ekewet. Ma usoro mbara-akpali adgh ala internally site estidem
agha, nke na-kagburu na mpga, d ka mmad ma b anman; na akwara naegosipta na muscle, obi na bara adgh ala mpga agha ma kagbuo bla z na
n'ime dum organism, kara ihe bla inorganic akk nke z.
3)

Anya isi n'ihi na a bla nwere oke akk nke ihe onwunwe wa, n'ihi
na b dum n'z wa, ya mere dgh ihe na-na echiche ngalaba-mkpebi siri
ike.

Site n'tgb kpr nke a n'ozuzu iwu nke dd na aga ptara ihe bla ma naachta banyere emecha iputa d ihe ga nke ma ebe na site na nd, kama b
naan d nn ah, d ihe b mgbe niile, ha na-ugboro ugboro ma br na aga na
nd ebe na -emecha ikwughar. Ka dgod, e nwegh na-abagh uru ma b
enwegh isi kpr, otu ugboro, ma br na na-egosi a na-eru gafee l na niile

onodu nke ihe, na edinam ke substantive ebe na njik na ohere na oge kas anya site a
nkt kwuru okwu ya, Nke abuo, ma br na ahmah n nkwubi nke itinye n'kwa
na ntnyere na-akwanyere gw na-at anya ga nke ma adabere na ya, thirdly,
br na b ihe a chr n'aka na izugbe n nke niile akpan akpan iwu okike.
Iji nchikota ya mgbe at nd a mmekrta dt z anya. Ke akpa mmekrta a pr
kwuru na n'ezie na-ama e ji a n'ozuzu onodu nke edinam na na mmekrta ah dum
ihe onwunwe wa, nkwuba maturing n'elu l, site a mara iwu ike ndda e
gosiptara; ma ihe nke a ike, ie, osooso emepta site ha, ebelata na anya ebigh; any
iwu na-adgh na ike gwr ha n'ebe d anya, na-eche na ike ndda onwe ya n'etiti
onwe ha; site n'ebe nile na mgbe nile, mgbe ab pta a nyere size n n'eluigwe naeche ihu n'aka a nyere anya, ha na-egwuri na-adaba n'otu ala nke osooso, info ime
k nke z pta nwere ike na-eleghara anya n'ihi na ha na mwep n'ebe ah. br
na nke a b bgh ikpe, ije nke ma gw mmad na-gbanwere ke otu z, mgbe nso
na-ekere k gw mmad n na otu nd. Ya mere, mgbe dum ihe onwunwe wa
n'z, tt jikr ebe ke uwa na oge ah n'otu z n'ebe nile, any iwu guzosie ike
n'otu oge otu nr onwe ha ohere na oge, niile anya onwere eziokwu n'ebe nile
mgbe nile ime njik na wa.
The Nke ab na-emet, ot jide n'ozuzu maka itinye n'kwa, na-dabere na
ugboro ugboro ahmah d mkpa. Ma ugbu a, suffices any kpr nke na-aga nke
ma n na-eme n'okpuru nd nan otu ugboro ka a ir n'ihi na niile oge na niile
ohere iwu na-akwanyere ga nke ma nke d mkpa nd ya. Ya mere, ebe e nwere
mkpa nke ugboro ugboro ahmah? O yiri ka m na na-ahkar omume sonderliche
doo anya. Ya mere, any na-enwegh bemerktermaen ike otu mpga na estidem
nd nke mkpa a nke ma, ebe na mgbe d nn weghachi; Ya mere, any iwu
kpr ah ga-ebi echiche efu, ekwe ma inyo m enyo ma b itinye br na bgh
nd sikwuoro nke d iche iche nd na-erukwa n'oge d iche iche na d iche iche ebe,
agbajikwa ala n'ime ihe na otu ma n'z ha nhata ike, na-enwegh ike ikpebi na ihe
daktara na nd n'oge d iche iche na ns a egwuregwu ke ga nke ma, na-ahagh
kwekr a Ungleiches. Otu nwere ike n'ezie a priori obi ab ikike ma b nd
zulnglichen ga nke ma nke nd d ot ah a nkewa. Ma nke a ga-ab obi ab na o
na-aga nke ma nke eke sayens onwe ya. The dum sayens dabeere ya b ga nke
ma ha armr nke nd d ot ah decompositions 4) na na-ewe ha ugbu a d nn ka
n'ihu na zulngliche Mmeri-agbapta na ya, ie na mgbe ah gosi ubiere ke ahmah.
4)

M na-echeta ihe at, ka decomposition d ka parallelogram nke-agha, b

decomposition n-tt modifying vibrations na mfe kwere omume, na
decomposition nke ike nke ebili vepo ma b a balloon, na a ike na-akpali ya
buru ibu elu nke na-ach na-akwada ya ala, wdg
Iji mee ka now ihe inductive circuit, onye ga-agbanwe nd na ugboro ugboro
mgbe, ma nke mere na ihe na-angide n'otu n'ime ya, na-ah ihe ga nke ma naangide n'otu. A pr chta ya mgbe ah iwu mmekrta d n'etiti nd h mkprgw
causal ihe na ihe ga nke ma. -Emekar, n'ezie na wr-aba ka itinye n'kwa nke
mgbe nile d nn eche, mgbe mgbe o kwere omume na-edebe a nyere ihe ga nke
ma mgbe nile kwere omume nd; ma nke ah adgh eduga n'ebe bla. N'ezie,

chptara nke ma mgbe niile kwesr ga-eme n'okpuru otu nd, naan n'oge d
iche iche na d iche iche ebe, nke mere na ugboro ugboro nkwenye nke ihe ga nke
ma ga-n'okpuru nd nd a ptara ihe bla ma a nkwenye nke any nkt iwu, ma
na-eme ka na-na finals itinye n'kwa bgh ime, n'ihi kama ya ndaba na-kekerede
ke mme na sekit na sekit. Man chr mata ihe a na-adabere n'ihe akpan akpan on nd
oge. br na now na itinye n'kwa-ezu ezu, any kwesr n'okpuru kpmkwem
gw nke a oge onye iwu mmetta na-enyocha, mgbanwe nwere ike rr ihe bla
z nke obima ma na ogo, iji jide n'aka na a kwara nd na-akpata d ot ah ihe ga
nke ma na ugboro ugboro ikpe-adgh nke dabeere a mejuptara nke na oge nd z
oge, na izugbe iwu nke nachikota ga nke ma nke mmeghari nke a fd oge n'etiti
onwe ha, a ga-ptara inductively, n'ezie nakwa na-emetta ugboro ugboro na-edebe
ihe nd a mmeghar n'etiti onwe ha ju nd , Ugbu a b ekwe omume iji wuchaa
mmejuputa iwu niile o kwere omume diche, nd inductive gwgw apgh ime ka
nd gbara kprkp eziokwu nke nkwubi okwu ezi uche, nke dabeere n'kpr nke
atuaha, na-ekwu n'ezie.
Ka e were ya na z. B. nchpta nke ikpe iwu. Man ebuli a aru ruo otu elu n'elu ala
ma hap ya ka free. ga-aga na fd s-ya n'ala. ga-eme nke a n'oge nile na
n'ebe nile, ebe na mgbe na-thapr, n'agbanyegh ot onye na-agbanwe otu na
agba, udi, umi, ma eweli agha gbagha n'akuku ma b na bgh na itule Mkpa k
ar ngosipta, d ka ihe hara olu nke ikuku, ma b na na bna adgh kwa obere,
gwla ma foogu egosipta (all m irighiri mmiri?) nwere ike ngide nakwstr na ikuku. N'ihi ya, bu z d ka iwu, na mgbe niile nke collection nke
ahu n'elu ala n'okpuru mgbe niile na Mitbedingungen kwekr obi ta mmiri
mgbanwe nke nd nd z, na mgbe nile, na n'ebe nile nke uwa a-eje ije ala ahu
n'ala. More nwere ike bgh ozugbo ah n'akk itinye n'kwa. Ama now ma
ezugh diche nke nd nd ah mere z. B. mgbe niile etinyere aru nke otu na agba,
udi, mere nke otu ihe, ma b ekwecha na otu, a pr iche na d na anya ji d n'wa
center n'k nke wa nwere ike iri ebe, oghere ma b mgbe niile na ikuku nke otu
d ma tightness n'etiti ahu na wa chta ebe, ya mere, ga-elegh anya, ihe kacha
agbanwe agbanwe-eje ije ala ahu nile nlekota ikpe nke ah mgbe mgbe nke a ma b
na-ekpe agbanweghi agbanwe Mitbedingung pr dabere na ihe na-ekwe site na
mgbanwe diche brhaala na ihe ga nke ma na ah na-ardata, bla, dgidere
ot ah n'oge bla mmeghar mkpa Mitbedingungen.
Ka dgod, a otu ihe ga nke ma ga--n'okpuru, dabere na mgbanwe nke nd
Mitbedingungen mgbe any izugbe iwu ma b ya na-agbanwe agbanwe na ngalabamkpebi siri ike, site z, bgh ihe niile mkpa mettara banyere ije, d ka agba nke
ah, naan undulation ya elu gosiptara h mgbanwe. Nd z nd kamakwa-egosi
mmetta z zuru ezu ndokwa nke na-ada ngaghar; brhaala na nd d ot ah. d
ka nd njupta nke elu-igwe na ibu ibu nke aru na a nyere olu, nego nke m-eje
ije d mutable. Ugbu a anya maka eke sayens iwu maka mfe nd d ka o kwere ka
nke mejuptara na-agnye otu on tt ihe mejuptara a ga esi nke any kas n'ozuzu
iwu na ot anya na-angide nti, d ka e mere nke otu mejuptara z a lar ebre ubi
ah n'otu, site ahagh ka infer ahagh ga nke ma. Iji chta ikpe iwu na simplified
usoro, any ka aru na a ag ohere daa, na mgbe ah na-ah na any nwere ike d

iche iche olu na njupta nke ah ah na nd bla nke a, na-enwegh na-agbanwe

agbanwe na-agba. Ka ma ah d iche iche ebe nke wa ebe a d iche iche ogo ewe
ebe, dara, nwere ike hr na ya bna efu ohere, mmetta nd zuru nego nke
dda, ma na a ruru nke consecutive gbapr s dt otu ihe ah fdrn na, wdg
Ya mere, unu na-aga inductively z n'ihu.
Na ntnyere, brhaala na na-etinyere aka temporal ga nke ma, onye naemechikwa-emekar na-edochagh anya: d ihe a ga-enye nd yiri ya pta; ma, ajj
d ruo n'k ha aaa yiri. Mgbe any iwu na ga-kpamkpam kpebisiri ike na-agnye:
k nke otu na-akpata, otu ihe ga nke ma, info anya nd na-akpata abgh otu,
bkwa nd na-ga nke ma bgh otu ihe ah. The Ugboro j ntnyere, d ka nd
na-adgh ala Ugboro fallacies site ntnyere, dabeere na a enwegh ihe jikr ya na
lnga nke a okpukpu ab akk. Ozugbo onye na-eche na br na nd na-akpata
na ab ikpe nan yiri, ya mere, n'z fd ma ahagh nhata, ot kwesr ka a N'ihi
nke na nke mb ah b nke ab ah na-ebe, n'ihi na ha nwere ike kama adabere na
unequals nhata na nke ab ah. N'aka nke z na-agnye tt mgbe obi tara
mmiri a,-ekwu, n'ezie na-ewere nd ekwe omume nke nan d ihe ah pta. The
nche mgbe mm nke ngws site ntnyere ma ga-emeri tt, mgbe ebutu ihe d ka
nke na-akpata ah n'otu na ahagh, mgbe ah, nke mb d ka otu, d ka a ga-agp on
ahagh na nd na-esi nke ab, nke n'adgh ka gwgw d ka subservient na-ezo d
n'otu. Ot d, nke a ruo n'k ezi nkewa nke egwuregwu nwere ike ime ka nd a
n'z ha nhata na-akpata na-esi mgbagwoju anya ikpe isi ike, ga-amba nchekwa
nke circuit, na otu uru nke ihe itinye n'kwa si ot nwere ike inye na otu akp onye
ah analogies si d iche iche n'akk ab, nke otu na Ungleiches nd tnyere ikpe
ike ikpokta n'z d iche iche na otu na-ele, ot nn na si ot a ekewet otu ok
mkpa mgbe 5) .
5)

The gara aga echiche ngide mkpa ka ntnyere, d ka nke si na otu na

unequals Nsogbu ah na ab ikpe na otu na a n'z ha nhata iche echiche
ngwa (bgh na-agnye nd na-esi). Nan akk nke bgh n'ezie na
Reflections on iwu causality.

The Third-emet, ot onye gosiri diche d iche iche iwu okike nd na ya agha, d
ka an ah, chemical, organic, n'etiti an ah na nke gravitation, k eletrik, ndta,
ekwedo, wdg Ma ihe niile a iche na-adabere nan n'ihi na nwoke iwu na agha
mettara d iche iche causal mmekrta, ie si iputa d iche iche rzuru site any izugbe
iwu kpr. All b nd d nn pr iche ikpe nke nd nkt iwu na ihe ndighi ike,
nke a si na otu maka d, nd na-ahagh na-ach Ungleiches, causal n'ihi na nke a ma
b na-emegide oke. Nd k ihe mma n'ezie na e wezgara mgbe niile na-ach
kpmkwem iche d na agha onwe ha, na karsa nd na-akp organic agha d ka
kpmkwem d iche iche na anya na site n'z nd z-enwe mmeri na eke na
n'ibu. ma rue ike deere, b tangible ga nke ma n'ezie nan na nke mere nn d iche
iche n'etiti organic na unorganischem alaeze ukwu, d ka ihe onwunwe nd d iche
iche, ma ot anya na-at, na-nd z okwu na-emetta z. B. anya d ka a igwefoto

obscura , obi d ka a gbaputa mmiri na valves, kpkp d ka levers, etc.; Mgbaze naeku ume ma ike d nn ma e wezga ot n'ihu na organism, n'ihi na dgh ihe
kwesr ekwes apparatuses na-ah.
Nsonye kara mgbe nd pr iche e nwere ike echiche nke ihe subsumed
n'okpuru z n'ozuzu, b d ka oghere na pr iche iwu na-emetta na kpmkwem
nd,-subsumed n'okpuru izugbe iwu nke jide emeziri ga nke ma nke gbanwetr
nd na n'etiti onwe ha, eg. The ikpe iwu bla t wa, akpan akpan n'okpuru
izugbe iwu nke gravitation, iwu nke da na h n'okpuru izugbe iwu nke ihe
onwunwe vibrations. Ugbu a Man ach a kas n'ozuzu iwu, nke achikota niile kwere
omume diche nke ihe onwunwe mmekah n'etiti onwe ha. dgh n'okike-enwe
obi ab na d ot ah, na-enwegh ya br nd a na ot anya. d mkpa na-aba
ihe nd kas mkpa na nd, nke nwere ike b ihe bla conceivable Nchikota
nd ebuktala, az, ya mere na tt nkt elementr iwu na-ekpo k ( na-akp
na-elegh anya nd kas molekla Act) Ot d any kas anya-aggregated-kas
n'ozuzu eke iwu kpr na okt kacha nd d ka bla zpta nke otu
ngwa. Ekespde any nkt iwu any nwere ike n'agbanyegh nke elementr iwu naenwegh ihe mma nke otu maka ihe bla zpta nke nd k ihe ga nke ma,
ma br na any na-eme ya nan otu ugboro ga nke ma nke otu
Nchikota. Ekespde site na kas n'ozuzu elementr iwu any nwere ike maka onye
bla set nke nd ma l, ka e hr bna na-enwegh ihe ga nke ma, ikwu ihe gaaga nke ma, naan na any ga-bughi iwu bna nd mb na nd nke sikwuoro na
ngkta oge z a na-d mkpa iji na-erite na ihe ga nke ma b mata. Ot d, ebe
b na n'oge gara aga nwere ike ruru na a n'ozuzu ha n'z, mgbe, na-eduga bna
agafegh oke sikwuoro agagh emerili ajj nsogbu, ga-angide na-referenced fr
nke nta na-erite ihe ga nke ma mgbe niile z ma b obere on pr iche iwu maka
pr iche ikpe na nd bna ihe mma nke n'ozuzu elementr iwu, na mgbe naan
subordination ga-echebe n'okpuru izugbe iwu.
N'agbanyegh now kas nkt elemental iwu ka amaghi, ma fd dt nn isi, z
ma b na-erugh niile ihe onwunwe nd thoroughgoing, iwu nd achptala naenwegh kwukwara garanya, site n'onwe ya maka zuru ezu n'aka nke ihe ga nke
ma, n'ihi na ha nwere a zuru ezu mkpebi siri ike nke causal nd ma ubiere mgbe
nn n'ozuzu mmekah ekwe, na-ach naan na mgbakwunye na nke z anya na
nd na-eduga ukwuu n'aka nke ihe ga nke ma, d ka: n'iwu ohiha nke edinam na
mmeghachi omume, na iwu nke nche-kwa nke ike ndda, iwu nche-kwa nke ebe ,
iwu kas nta mmetta, iwu nke coexistence nke nta oscillations, iwu nke
parallelogram nke nd agha, iwu nche-kwa nke ike ma b ume.
Mb na na-eche na niile ngaghar iwu nan site inertia na nd agha na-onwe ha
nke ike s na osooso nke ah na-adabere; site Wilhelm Weber agha aghwo mara na
electric ubi na-adabere na s na osooso nke ah; na elegh anya na-adr nd niile
okwu; naan na ha ga nke ma, adgh ihe nke na-arpta ihe imperceptible na tt
nd, d ka ngaghar nke ihe nd d n'eluigwe, n'ihi na nke dabere na anya. Na mb e
kweere nke-ma na d mkpa na nd niile na ihe onwunwe agha n'egbugh oge eme
naan na kpukpru usen potency ruo n'ihe kas ukwuu anya; na nso nso-ekwe omume
pta na a fd ego nke oge mta nwa ihe d mkpa n'ebe d anya. Na altgemeinen

na-ele taa, nile mmeghar nke nd mejuptara nke mmetta nan ng ab agha, di
nke adabere na na mmekrta nke bla akk ab, iji mee ka ha nr n'okpuru nd
inertia; M na-chr guzosie gbasara nke puru omume ternary, quaternary na bna
multiple agha m atm Ozizi, mmetta ha na-achkwa na ng ab agha. N'ozuzu
ma mara mma d ka na-as oyi agha Anam Udeme na ihe yiri kere eke, ihe naadgh ka na i nwere ike inwe tinyere bna na n ke elementr oke-enwegh
Mitzuziehung nke ikpeaz ka nd nke mb; ma iche na nd na-as oyi agha, ebe nd d
ot ah ime, ga-mere na ihe nd z gw nke okwu d ka mma (d ka na doo nke
ab na-abgh di iche iche nke k eletrik) ma b site z mwep na nzuk nd
nke ikpeaz ah nwere ike dabere nso e nwere a d mfe kpr m amma nke
multiple agha. The atomistic anya, mgbe nke ah ohere na-intermittently juptara
okwu, ahkar omume ah n'etiti nd si n'okike, na-ekwu uche m kpagburuibe ihe
mere na m atle n'isiokwu na m atm Ozizi, nke na-ewere na nd niile na-agha dpr
adp, agha mettara; ma na nso nso a na fd rba nnyocha maka echiche nke a naaga n'ihu ohere-ndochi, ma, n'ime therewith, kwalitere na niile agha-eme nani n'etiti
kptr ah.
Ya mere, ok now na-ejigh ihe n'aka na nd a b isi nke ihe ka na-enwegh kwusr
ya a kas n'ozuzu elementr iwu nke ga-agba akaebe na, iputa d ga nke ma nke
bla ihe nd, ghara wuru, ma any kas n'ozuzu iwu causality ma b causal
kpr abgh nan-emetta, ma ikpeaz mmezi nke na ejigh ihe n'aka ya onwe ya
nwere ike na-ach na izugbe af ojuju nke kpr a. ga meghara tt nd chere
banyere isi n'usoro ochichi nke okwu na nkeji agha ruo mgbe d ot ah af ojuju a
rr ka d mfe na n akpali iche n'z.
Ama kewaa ikike nd sitere n'okike nke ugbu a na bla oge nwere ike dabere Ot
d, gbanwee nke a site n'oru nke ndi-agha onwe ha; nwere ike ga nke ma nke
bla ihe onwunwe nd na ugbu agha n'ihi na a gasr oge kpr nan kpebisiri ike
nke mere na onye na-agbaso ihe ga nke ma successively d ka ole hr da nd
site n'tle ihe bla gara aga ga nke ma nke usoro isiokwu a mere ka ihe nile nke
gb nd. Iji mezuo nke a, na-enye Calculus insofar shorthand z, d ka na-enye
ohere ka ichikota dum usoro nke ma site a amalite na a ikpeaz n'ihi; Ma ihe isi ike
nke gw a na-, d ka na-akwanyere nd general elementr iwu-echeta, na na mfe ikpe
ma b n'ihi na mfe nd izere, ka nn bgh icheta na i nwere ike mta site
n'ihe n'otu site dum dd ga-ab mmetta nke nd agha, nke lekwasr na-agbal,
bna ma br na ha na-eme a kpebisiri pronounceable mgbaru s, a ikpeaz alaagbalsi. na-adgh rr ka ma ga-ab na-achsi ike mara banyere any n'ozuzu
kpr nke causality nke dd d ot ah Final kpr, any N'ezie bla karr
kpr nke causality kpere a priori d ka mkpa ga elewo anya iji gosi na. Ma, b
na-enyo enyo ma nd d ot ah a ikpeaz kpr yiri kpr nke causality ptara rue
ahmah kpr na any na-isiokwu d nn dina ya any ime previsions ndabere
mgbe any na-etinye kpr nke causality-aptagh h z. N'ezie na m kweere na
b ike me d ot ah a kpr, na ga-ekwu okwu nke ya n'okpuru aha nke kpr
chch kwsie ike na nd na-eson nkebi.
Mgbe nke ah gasr, nd na-eson ajj.

Olee ot any obi sie any n'ihi na n'ezie na oke nha nke ihe onwunwe nd ma
b nd maka nyere ikpe? M nwere ike na m uche ziri ezi, nke naan m ji nd aha
nke a ihe onwunwe wa, kama b naan nke a ma b na ozugbo aghta ihe m na
causally oyi onye nwere ka ewere echiche, h ihe onwunwe naan na mputa,-ah ya
naan site na nke a ma b na akuku, g isiokwu dgas iche n'ibu dabere m anya si
ya, ha anya d iche iche, dabere na n'aka anya m; na nke bla z nwoke niile dara
anchite d iche iche kara m; echiche nke aka ezugh banyere mbh
mgbakwunye; na nd enyemaka na nd z uche ziri r ptara nan na-agnye,
bgh na-edozi. Olee ot any nwere iji na-adabere na ya kpebie hara nhata na
inequality nke an ah nd, ebe b na any nwere ike na-ele abgh hara nhata na
inequality nke nke onye onye ezi d mkpa maka ebumnobi hara nhata na inequality,
nke ayi nwere na ya ikwubi ebumnobi rzuru.
b na-ala bgh, ma tt n'ime ihe niile any nwere ewere na nd hara nhata na
inequality nke ebumnobi na nd nke dd kpebisiri ike nan na nke onye n dd
nke ihe ga nke ma mgbe causal iwu; n'ihi ya, any na-enwegh ka ga-amta site
mb naan na okwu nke otu nchikota ayi. M na-ele nwa, na o gbuo m ka a na-akpali
akpali gafee na mbara igwe na-acha diski; M tghara, ot d m ka ihe bla
banyere ya, n'agbanyegh na d tupu na-aga gafee na mbara igwe. Na a ga-emegide
ihe causal iwu, nke maka otu nd ah pta na-ach, br agbanwebegh m nd
ka nwa na m ncheghar; Ya mere o yiri m bgh site na-ap, nakwa mba nd z naegosi na igbochi ya; Ot d ya niile na-egosi mgbe n'ego enye emeghe gbasiri ike
anya. Ya mere, nke a yiri na kama ka causal iwu. Na Earth ns iche iche iche ekiri ka
nd na nwa na d iche iche nd na ije na anyanw na-ah, n'ihi ya, n'ihi na a
ngkta nke-ebe eklips bgh n'ebe nile. ebe a b ebumnobi na nd nke dd
ah, ma bgh nke onye, ya mere nd d iche iche dd nke nwa Ganges. Ma ugbu
a na-aba maka n'okike n'ikpeaz na ihe niile dabara ma na-ah hara nhata nke nke
onye onu nd nd temporal na gbasara ohere k nyere phenomena na k otu
ebe 6) iji mee ka ma b ha mgbanwe controllable ohere na oge akprkpa ma b na
ha ngalaba na-ekpuchi, na site mgbe niile itinye kpr nd a, n'otu z ah, site na
nta, kwakwuru nd buru ibu na na Anglkan, na iwu-agbaso, mgbe nke mgbam
d iche iche na mgbanwe na akk na a nyere onu n'kala nd laghachi gnyekwara
mgbanwe nd na-phenomena ruo n'k nke na ga-abarute ka obi sie nd hara nhata
ma b inequality nke ebumnobi ihe onwunwe nd na ihe ma b obere nche.
6)

Nke a immutability N'ezie atghar na-kwuru naan maka oke nha nke nke
onye Erscheinungsbedingun-gen.

Na nso nso-ekwe omume pta na e anchi anya (site omenala ah) bgh naan na
zie ezie kwuru, ma, bna n'ihe gbasara ahmah, na b ka a an mgbakwunye na
nke at akk nke ohere nke nd any na-kpebiri na mgbe na na ahkebe ikpe, agha
nke a an akk na wa any nke at akk n'ime play. br na ot - ihe ajj
nwere ike ebe a angide undecided - ot ah ga-ya mere any causal iwu ghara
megidere otu a chr gbat ya naan na wa nke an akk; ma ma tlee ahkebe

otu ebe aka nke nd agha si an akk na ihe ga nke ma b anya, nke a pr hr
n'ime any at akk n'out oge b wezga na uz z nti prestigious na-ach ga nke
ma na-ghtara na any at akk, bna nan site agha na-ar otu at akk, nwere
ike ime ka causally dabere.
Na ihe a niile any na nan n'gb ah eke na omume na anya; Ot d, e nwere a
iche echiche ubi, nke ikpeaz otu anya ka na-atba. Ugbu a otu ajj d mkpa naebilite: bgh nd mm abndernd-eme omume na substantive rzuru, nke gaadabere na nkt eke iwu na aga na uche, ma br na bgh m mgbe ebuka site
nso nd ya bna d ka nd na-nd nke ihe onwunwe n'anya, nd agha ya ya
gbakwunye na ihe onwunwe agha; na na-apgh oro ebede-erukwa na site n'otu ihe
onwunwe nd n'oge d iche iche na d iche iche ebe mkpumkpu, n'ihi ahagh otu
ihe ga nke ma, ma br na nke mb ah mettara d iche iche iche echiche nd,
otu ab ma br na inequality nke ihe onwunwe nd a ga-ah gw atr site
ala na-akpa eke spirit n'akk. Short onye ga-enwe otu N'ihi nke a aka-akp nke a
njik aka nke uche ya na-ah maka iwu N'ezie nke dd na aghara.
Mgbe dualistic tr ime nke mmekrta d n'etiti ihe onwunwe na ihe ime mm
kpr ugbu a ka ihe d ot ah aka,-egosi nnyonye anya kpr d ka o kwere ihe
bla ikpe, na d ka eziokwu nke ahmah mmezu nke a ga-ekwe omume nwere ike
b n'ezie ike nke uche, uru ah any kwaga ya, nakwa ot, na ike nke mmetta uche
na-ekesa any n'bara ya, nakwa ot, na-ekwu.
Ka dgod nd any kas n'ozuzu iwu nke dd na onwe ya ya subordinating iwu
agaghi-enwegh isi, z n'ihi na e ka na-kpere emeri mgbe nile ngide na ebe spirit
okwu nwere ike ga z ha, nke ab ebe ah na causal iwu nan na an ah na
mpaghara nyefe mkpa na-enwe ike ikwu, s: dika ihe na nke ime mm nd na
nd, n ebe na mgbe otu ma b abgh otu, b na-na ga nke ma nke ikpe.
Ma dgh ihe z na substantive mere ga nd nwere ike e mere d iche iche
dabere na mm d iche iche mettara ikpe, ya mere na iwu nke causality na nd d
ot ah na-ekere k bla d cha na-ach aba ikike ke substantive ebe. N'adgh ke
monistic version mgbe ark r n eche ime mm na ihe onwunwe ihe n'nd
conditionality onye bla z d ka nd na-eson nke nkiti psychophysical iwu. D ka
ime mm n'nd, nd b otu ihe ah ma bgh otu ihe ah, na-gwara nd
mettara ihe onwunwe nke ikpe, ma b z: ka daktara na unequals na mm ebe,
e nwekwara fd mettara na otu na ahagh na substantive ebe, nke na-anabata ga
na kwa otu ahagh direction nke uche ma b mmetta uche na-h ma b ahagh
ihe onwunwe nd any egwuregwu, na, wofern wa a ime mm kpr b
isiokwu, nke ga-ad ot ah n'wa nile. N'okpuru a tt nd chere, any kas n'ozuzu
iwu maka substantive ebe nwere ike nke ma na-aga kwekr n'iwu na gg isi eme
ihe, n'enweghi nnyonye anya ga-ab otu ihe ah site n'itinye uche na o kwere
omume.Maka nzube nke bla monistic tr ime nke mmekrita nke ahu na nkpuru
obi, a ga-bna a tr, na n'ihi na a dualistic echiche dkara ala d ka o kwere ka
ogologo d ka na ahu na nkpuru obi, uche na ah ga-kwesrn na-emeghar ka onye
bla z na d ka echiche a.
N'agbanyegh na ha now ghtara psychophysical n'usoro ochichi na aga na uche,

ma b ike gosi site itinye n'kwa, d ka an ah iwu causality, otu onye nwere ike
ma ahmah ruo n'k nke na nd d ot ah pr ime ka, otu ejide d ka mma.
br na otu n na-, na aga na ngalaba na-atle, indeterministic nnwere onwe
echiche nke nwere gg isi ihe ubi nke ahr deterministic, ot dgh ihe gaakws na-anabata a adabako co-eje ije eke iwu na ime mm iwu insofar ka ha ab
iche na, d ka legality nakwa d ka na-ewe ebe agbaji iwu na ma ebe ke ebuana ka
psychophysical isi n'iwu.
E nwere armka iji mara ma na nd ma b chr causality nd nwe ala
strelia any ma b naan n'ihi na ahmah b. M anya, abgh di mfe ma zaa ajj
a na ee ma b , ma onye nwere mata ihe d iche ihe ab n'ebe a.
br na an ah mmeghar nke any aka na kw na-adabere ga nke ma nd
any uche ma b aghta instincts, ot a indisputably nd maara ihe gbasara mm
drava onwe ha bla ihe Filiks ke br any n'okpuru Iwu ikesiike n mpta
mmeghar nchegbu, brhaala na njik d n'etiti br na aka na kw na aka na
kw ha nwere demgeme ngwar. Nke a aka ike Gebrauche any aka na kw
any ozugbo a yiri ebum pta wa mmetta na ya wee na-akp causation nke mere
site any mmeghar, nakwa d ka echiche nke ike nke uche any mbanye na mgbal
na-efu any ije. N'z d iche, dghkwa iwu, d ka nke estidem ngaghar mpga
triggers, ma b na a legalism b mgbe na Games, any na-aba ozugbo na-uche, ma
b nan okwu maka nnyocha na-akk nke physics, physiologist, psychophysicist,
ha na-ach d iche iche ka r malite. The obere na mmad b onye a iwu
mmekrta d n'etiti angeborenerweise iche ihe nd na-ewere nd n mpga nke ya,
na-ach ma b arr. Gn jr nwata d ka ma nd nke nwa nke elu-igwe ot
iwu mettara ma b, nwa na-aga nwa d ka na now nn na-aga; bna nd
toruworo ogo mmad nwere ike gafee a otutu phenomena n'ime onwe ha, na-enwegh
na-ar maka a kpatara; Ajj b ihe echiche, azza ya b ihe nchpta.
Ka dgod rr ihe doro anya ntnyere na-eke nwoke na, d ka ya onwe ya kpaliri
aka na kw omume adgh ama drava, niile ije na wa dabere na nd d ot ah naenwe, na Day na-az a, award nyere site abal echiche, echiche. O doro anya na-ekwu
okwu megide na ma-ebe any ahu onwe ya ezuru ije, mgbaze, bara-agba s,
involuntarily na onkonshiosli; Ya mere, gn gabiga? Any ahu b isiokwu ma bna
d nn a akk mmetta nke any uche na-adgh na-agh drava; brhaala na b
otu, toro na ike nke a z n'ozuzu nkt usoro, nke na-eburu a z n'ozuzu nsh,
bkwa n'okpuru nke akk a nke si d ka adgh ekwe bu n'uz nke ma na ihe ma
b obere general, a wa dum nke na mmeghar ke otu akara ererimbot ke ata , nwere
ike belata pulses eme mgbe l r nke ogbugbu nke a mmeghar anya gara aga, na
nsh spezialer k ebe a (cf .. t. XIV). Na nke a b eziokwu bgh naan nke
mmeghar any ahu, kamakwa nd n'of na mpga okike.
XVIII. kpr nke chch kwsie ike ka Final kpr nke wa.
Psychophysical amma nke obi t na ihe mgbu 1) .
Site ihe e wa, d nn dd, na-emeri nd agha na-eme mgbanwe nd, dgas iche

ha na-, ma na kpr nke eluigwe na ala lawfulness, nke jikr akpata na ya pta,
nakwa kwuru na d causal kpr nke any chta a gbalaga, nke na aga ngalaba b
okwu. b ajj otk na ma nd ikpeaz n'ihi ihe nd a agha bgh site a kwekr
ekwek n'ozuzu kpr, obere ikpeaz kpr, kpebisie.
1)

Tupu mgbe m "n'ihi na echiche. Creation na mmepe akk ihe mere eme d.
Org." wuru, ma chua ebe a ukwuu n'ime ka nd z na mmekrta.

b ezie na, mgbe oge na-enwegh gwgw, wa mgbanwe kwesr aba na

njedebe? anabatagh ikwu okwu banyere a ikpeaz ala mgbe nd d ot ah a naaghta, wa ruo mgbe ebigh ebi (asymptotically) agbalsi 2) na-enwegh na-eru ya
ebi. A lara ezumike nk nwere ike gagh ab. D ka ogologo oge d ka iwu nke umu
ihe nche nke ike-emetta. Ma, pr b z ka a ruru nke ije.
2)

N'okpuru ch ijide na-aghta na ihe onwunwe wa na ihe niile a ike ma

b ike mmetta na-egosi onwe ya site n'chch nke ya ga nke ma. br na
dgh andersher agha ebukargh na-abgh uzo ma b resistors hichap
mmetta. Ya mere, e nwere chso bla ahu site n'etiti Earth na-ada, ya b a
ike na akwusila ya, o nwere ike na-eche nke a, d ka ogologo oge dgh
predominantly eweli agha gbagha, ma b nd na-eguzogide nke ala adgh
ewep ga nke ma ya mgbal. A nwetara na otu gwgw USB agbalsi
dwara site na mmas gb okporo gw; ma dgh eme ka anya d ka
reactive ike ka ekwedo tearing egbochi wdg Nke a na-ach nwere ike obi, eke
spirit ubi wfr wn T, ma any buru z k naan ihe wa n'echiche nke
physics ka e mesr mmekrta on gbat ime mm n'wa na.

Ugbu a Ot d, ga na-eche nke ma na ihe nd Jeremaya mere na ihe onwunwe

wa na dum mgbe niile gw atr ma b aghtabegh mgbanwe ot kara na mgbe
nile site a chso dum ihe onwunwe wa ga-ah a ikpeaz obodo ma b bna a ihe
ga nke ma mgbal a, di ihe mkpachi ka nd d ot ah, bgh na-ekwu okwu. Ma,
e nwere n'ezie nd nke na-ise nke ma icheta.
-Nyere a onwe n'elu-ala ma b d n'okpuru mgbe nile mpga nd ihe onwunwe
usoro, ah na-kenmde n site agha a ohere. Na ngkta oge na-egosi maka fd
ghara isi ike ikpe, ahmah na-egosi ihe n'ozuzu, na ah kptr ibe n'nd nd d
ot na-akwanyere da site na dabere nd nd a ike mmetta d ot ah mmeghar
taa na ini ke ini, ntghar anya kwesiri nd nchiri oge ma laghachi kpamkpam ma
b na ukwuu ma b kar mkpachi na otu nd, n'ihi ya kwa na-akwanyere
meghara nakwa n'ihi nlghachite nke dabere ike utp otu mezuo iwu bla z
kpam kpam ma b gta ihe any ihe kpamkpam ma b kpam kpam stablen akp
akp ala (gagh mgbagwoju anya na a stablen ha ala) chr akp.
Ot ah ga ikwu ije nke Sun na Earth, iche site na disturbances site mbara ala nd
z na a ga-ekwe omume na-eguzogide nke ether, ji nn ufk ufene, na mme

nnyonye anya na b ihe ndika ufk ufene. N'ihi ya, adiana nke wa b ma e wezga
eziokwu na ah na elu na bna n'ime Glutmeer mee ka nd z ma b obere oge
ufodu mmeghar, a kpamkpam ufk ufene, na echiche nke a, na ikwu na nkt
rotational ije ma naan d ka obere mia mmeghar, b a ndika ufk ufene. The
ngaghar nke a pendulum na a kpgidere ha endpoints eriri ga-, iche site naeguzogide nke elu-igwe na esemokwu, ji nn m na mgbakwunye ihe, na anya nke
nd nd a, b kpam kpam ufk ufene. The dum uka nke usoro mbara igwe any
na-akwanyere onye bla z na-kpam kpam tr ime stablen ije ma br na
dgh mgbe ha n'ezie kpmkwem ma ihe d na-akwanyere laghachi n'ihi
incommensurability ha orbital oge na ogologo na otu nd taa, mgbe nke ah
gaskwara ikwughar ihe d ka otu mmeghar. Any dum nke d ot setpr ihe ma
b obere ndika ufk ufene ekwu, nke ngaghar na aza na-ehi ra, na-eku ume,
mgbasa, peristaltic ije nke eriri af. d bla nke ije b ma l, n'k nke na ha
nwere ike na-ezo d ka a mgbe nile, a ufk ufene site na akara ptara a echiche
emebegh mb; na ihe pr iche, b ezie na ah kpmkwem akaebe d na-enye
bna na ruokwa na mmeghar nke akk a usoro gbasara ohere ndokwa ya adabere
nakwa na mgbe nile, na ugbu stablen mmeghar nke akk megide onye bla z
na-enwechi anya ndokwa a oge.
br na any n'ezie n'z fd mere ndokwa ah nke a usoro site n mmalite
site na mberede echiche eduzi edoghi any buru ibu ma na-edoghi any mb ha
velocities, nd d iche iche mmeghar b otu megide onye bla z na gnyere mb
nn instable N'ihi. A ga nke ma nke a akwusighi onwe ya, Ot d, na ah, kama
na-akwanyere ime ihe ah mezuo iwu bla z ma si ot ah laghachi otu nd, naamali n'ike n'ike si ebigh angide na mgbe hr nd ya ruo mgbe n'okpuru niile
kwere omume na nd, nke na ha nwere ike inwe nd d ot ah a udi , nke nagwara ekwe na ma na ezi, ma b kwesr nd d ot ah na- dghzi ad na nd
nke mb nd, n kpam kpam na o kwere omume nlghachite, mgbe nke ah bbu,
br na na-enweta, nwere ike mgbe a gbahap z; Ot d nke ab ma a fr
kpr ihe at anya dgh nlaghachi az na mkpachi. Ma n'ezie, naan ka anya d ka
usoro a na n'ezie hapr ha ma b nwere ugbu a na mgbe nile mpga nd
angide, na ot anya nke mb bla ikpe-emetta usoro n'wa nile, onye pr ikwu
okwu nke otu d na n'wa chch kwsie ike, na d ad nke chch d ot ah d ka
a kpr ekwuptakwa. N'ezie, dr gaba n'ime ebe zoro kwsie ike ma b ghara
surpassable mkpachi n'ihi na nd ikpeaz ala nke wa na nke adaba dum ije, site na
nke nwere dgh retroactive na-agbalsi maka; ma nke a adgh ewepu na o na na otu
akk ma b ebe nke wa ruru stabler ala z nsogbu n'obi-agbanwe ya mpga
mmekah oge-nd, kama b naan na a hr stablen ala na mmekrita a
gbanwere nd na okwu nke gw nke dum gaa izute ihe n'ihu alaghachi.
D ka a priori n'akk nke a pr iji kpr ah rr ka na, br na ihe bla
nke a Final kpr na-na-elebara, pr b mba z kara any kpr; n'ihi na
mmeghar kwesr gbanwe site na mgbe ebigh ebi, ot ah ga-ya mere d nn
kwuru, e nwegh ikpeaz ala, nke ha na-eru nso. Ya mere ajj dara admissibility
any kpr na ajj nke admissibility nke a Final kpr d n niile n. Ugbu a,
n'ezie ga-ab nn na-achsi ike, otu d ka a d mkpa site n'ozuzu dd nke agha na-

enwe ike ikwubi ihe ruo ugbu a b ma ikpe. N'ezie, b ya mere na-erugh a priori,
na ugboro nd mere, ekewet ihe mb iji weghachi nd nke steeti a nke kwsie
ike na nd z adgh mpga mgbanwe nd agha apgh z a ga-nwesr, na d ka
onwe ha akaebe na brhaala na dgh zuru kwsie ike n'echiche a b n'ebe ah,
mmeghar ga aghariigha mgbanwe ruo mgbe na-enweta ma br na b a pr
ime eme. Ma ka nn bgh site dd nke agha gosiptara na na-akparagh k
maka ikike iche echiche instabler ije iche-iche a na-erugh ala mgbanwe n'ezie
approximated n'nd nile z na nd z a stablen steti na n'nd nile, ma br
na bgh zuru kwsie ike, kama ihe mkpachi n'ihi na enwegh retrogression a pr
inweta n'ezie. Ya mere, any nwere ike n'kpr nke na mmehie nd kwsiri ike
n'echiche gosiri naan ruo n'k fd kwara d ka a priori onwe ha akaebe, Ot
d, any gosiri ya na fd, gw mfe sonyeere mfe ikpe d ka, ihe nd z, nwere naahuta ka a nn eluigwe na ala ahmah kpr. Na nke nd n n'otu na-agafe ikpe
banyere, na dgh nlaghachi az ga-mere n'ihe banyere obibia kwsie ike na a
hapr ha ma b b mgbe nile mpga nd usoro, nke any pr isi nwere usoro
mbara, b ezie na ya uka bemerktermaen dgh mgbe kpmkwem n'otu nd
laghachi bla z, ma mee ya na onye mere ot ah fd k nke ndiiche naadgh kara.
D ka machi ikpe nke nkwsi ike na akwusighi nke a usoro any nwere ike
beziehentlich ikpe-egosi ebe ah nke usoro na-eme onye bla z na otu nd, di
na steeti z megide onye bla z, nke any na-ewere d ka zuru (n'ime) pta
kwsie ike nke usoro, na br na ebe ha na-agbanwe ha ruru site na-achsas ebigh
aka iso gehends. Na mmehie nd kwsiri ike na wa dum ma bgh na zuru, kama
b naan na zuru kwsie ike, ma b nwee mkpachi na ya. N'ihi b onye zuru
kwsie ike ga-p n'anya bi ike n'ime wa presuppose ihe bemerktermaen nemegide
iwu nke ha na nchekwa umu, mgbe zuru kwsiri ike nke a usoro nwere obi ta mmiri
mere na size nke na-ar r na ha bi ike; naan na nd nke kinetic ike n'etiti onye
akk nke usoro, nke ptara na a kwsie ike, ike-ekpe site unilateral abawanye ma
b ibelata kinetic ike nke akk fd na-enwegh-enye nsogbu nkwsi ike nke dum.
Iji ichikota gara aga otu, e nwere kpr nke b nd na nkwsi ike n'ihi na otu
onye, ya agha n'elu-ala ma b d n'okpuru mgbe nile mpga nd usoro, nke a na
kenmde n a nyere ohere, eziokwu ah b na b nd z site n'oru nke ya
estidem agha na-enwegh retrogression na ihe a na-akp. stabeln ala na-eru nso, nke
b ot ah ebe akk ini ke ini, ie laghachi bla z na ya h etiti oge, na otu oyi
akwa na nnukwu ije na nd.
N'ihi na wa d ka a dum uyo kpr a nwere ike iwere d ka nditm na-ekwu maka
ele mmad anya n'ihu na usoro nke eluigwe na ala ma br na ha n n'okpuru
mpga mmetta na akk nke z na usoro, n'ihu b nd na-eson echiche a ihe, n'ihi
na nd d ot ah amara amba kwsiri ike nke dum nwa oge, kama b naan nwa
oge nwere ike iri ebe regressed na nkwsi ike, ot d, ha mechara mkpa ka
gbakwunye na chch nke dum.
br na any anya nd site ihe wa n'elu rr si ot, di na a ruru nke
conditionality ka o guzo, mm n'wa, n'ihi ya, any nwere ike h a priori mere ka

izugbe chch nke ihe onwunwe ije kwupta kwsiri ike nke mb na dokwara
n'ozuzu chch na-eju af ma b akpali ag na-ekwu na nso nso, na nd nakwsie ike na-eche na mb na af ojuju ma b obi t nso nso a na mmekrta. Ihe
meptara fd echiche a Juda: psychophysical 3) armr l maka iji wee ngide
na-eju af ma b na-at t, nd z ha nwere ihe fd na-anru, ma b obosaraeru nso na nke enwegh mmas, zuru kwsie ike; n'ihi na ot unpleasurable, ka ha naebelata wepu n'okpuru a gba ma b obosara nke zuru kwsie ike. Ot d, nke a
b ibido naan a amma, ma, ma d inogide, ga-adabere ma b aptakar. Isiokwu
na-aba az ka a gasr na a nabatara umu echiche, any ot na-eso nwetakwuo
nkwa nke an ah n'akk nke kpr na nke voraussetzliche Mental ikike
echiche. Gn ka b predicated ihe t na ihe mgbu na nd banyere stabler na
instabler nd kwa se, yiri Izugbe nd n'elu na n'okpuru enwegh mmas na aga
na uche.
3)

"Psyhologisch" obere okwu n'ihi Ah insofar ka na-eme ihe nke uche, dianchi a mmekrta nke conditionality ka.

Onye nwere mata ihe d iche estidem na mpga kwsie ike nd; estidem, d ka
ha na-emetta nd ikwu ngaghar mmekrta nke akk a usoro n'onwe ya, na mpga,
gwla ma ha ab na akk ma b kara usoro mettara onye bla z
gw. Mgbe nke ah gasr, ab ele mmad anya n'ihu nke wa A na B , bla nke
nwere tt ah na estidem kwsie ike nke onwe ha, na mpga akwusighi ibe na
itiba dum usoro ma na-internally instabel site na ah nke A kara B , ma onwe ha,
bgh ah ma bla z gw, onye bla z n'ihi na nke nloghachi
incommensurability ha mmeghari ibe, d ka n'otu oge ah oge na otu oke. Ma, dgh
usoro nwere ike nwere estidem kwsie ike, na-enwegh ya akk, brhaala na ha
onwe ha nwere akk, ma internally na externally megide onye bla nke kwsie
ike.
Ugbu a, ka na-agbal nke psychological nkwa nke nd nd a, ya mere, nwere ike
na psychic eke, ab usoro A , B dr,-ejikere estidem kwsiri ike nke bla maka
onwe ya na a na-eju af nd, ma na-unsatisfactory mmekrta bla z, nke nke
maara ihe gbasara mm eke, usoro a na B na n'ozuzu nt b wa dum nke wa a naeche na r elu b ala nke ana B d ka ogologo oge bla revisions na site na-eto eto
kwsie ike nile abatakwa a nkwa zuru ezu kar na mmekrta ah dum. N'ihi nke a,
Ot d, estidem kwsie ike nke ala nke mkpa A na B na-ahap oge ach ihe mgbu
na-eburu imeghari ka onye bla z ruo mgbe kama ga nke ma mmeghar, ma
nke mberede nwere ike ghara iwere nd, otu n'otu oge n'z na n'ime kwsie ike
ruru maka ma na ugbu a na- n'ihi na usoro b ma mere.
D ka ogologo oge ab na usoro, ma b akk A , B , na estidem kwsiri ike
nke onye bla, ma enwegh mpga kwsie ike na-akwanyere ibe ha si edinam naakwanyere onye bla z, dkwa nwere ike bla ibe mmetta na mgbanwe na ya
na ala nke ngaghar; n'ihi ya a chch iweta kwsie ike n'etiti ha, ghara b kwesiri
ngosi. Ma d nn ka B na Ainteracts site na-eto eto nso ma b n'etiti ntinye nke

etiti njik, na nke kwsiri ike nd ga-ata ahh bla na-eweta mmeghar isite
n'otutu instable ekwu usoro ma a zuru ma b kpam kpam n'ime kwsie ike na-edu,
nke onwe onye nke bla n'ihi na ya onwe ya na-z gnyere.
Si z nkeji iri na ise, na-at anya ga-ekwek n'kpr, b ezie na ha abgh
nd a fd n'ozuzu m ugbua d na dude ke dude nd nke isi ike, A na B naedu z n kpam kpam stabeln nd site na itinye a anya n'etiti ha ma b agbaji
mafe t nke ngide na-enwe mmetta mmekrta d n'etiti ha ruo mgbe May ruo
n'k fd-ah gw atr nke na-subsume physischerseits na mgbe a planet d ka
nd ya ka anyanw gagh enwe ike enweta n'ime a stabeln ala nke ngaghar naakwanyere ya, d ka iwu nke gravitation n'ime Indeterminate ka a komeeti si ya ruo
mgbe na-aba banyere na n nke mma nke z anyanw, ebe na-na-e; Ot d ike
mmas psychischerseits ebe a na-enwegh omume enyi b nd na-na-enwe ike
imeghari ma taa, bughi kwa nke onye ga-emeri nke z ma si ot ah na-enwe ike
ba nd ruo zere ebe o kwere mee, na-agba s, ma b na njik Abort na ibe ha.
The ezugh ok an estidem ala nke a usoro nwere ike b,-ekwu, chee echiche ihe
kewapr n'ime a kpamkpam ma b na o kwere omume n kpam kpam stablen
nkwonkwo ngaghar nd nke n'akk nile na a instabeln na onye akk ma b
kpktara na ya. N'ihi ya, mmeghar, nke na akk nke wa any na-aghtabegh nile
nkt stablen adiana nke wa na instabeln ikwu mmeghar-ya nile e chere na taa
ekewet. N'ihi ya, na-elekwas anya ab pta a usoro nke otu eche ebunye a nkt ije
nke n'akk nile, ga-aghta na stabler ije ikwu na onye bla z site onwe ha
orbiting na a mgbe nile oge, Ot d, nd ah nke ma gw mmad na-enwe d
instabler ije ikwu na onye bla z. A eriri nwere ike ofri elu na-ebipta mgbe nile
na oge na ala ngaghar ma si ot enye ha isi da na aghgh eduhie, ma n'otu oge ah
nye otu ihe man ndabere nkptu oge ufodu vibrations wdg
Ya mere, any nwekwara ike izute fd n'ime n'ozuzu nw n'ihe banyere, na isi
na mmekrta, nke na-eweta any ka any pr iche ndokwa nke dissatisfaction.
Na nke a nile stabeln mmeghar b oge, mgbe na-aba n'z echiche nke nwere ike
dabara nta ka ibu oge, na na ike nke kwsiri ike na nd na-eso na-akwanyere nd
ukwu na nd nta oge karsa. Ma br na a zuru ma b kpam kpam estidem
kwsie ike nke usoro-ewe ebe ah otu n'ihe gbasara dum nweekwa nd, d ka otu
n'ime ha, na bgh naan oge nke bla urughuru onwe ya, ma nke nd d iche iche
ah ibe n'ozuzu ma b kpam kpam h. Isi ihe ab ikpe iwere nd n'ime na
echiche, z, na ah nke a usoro-anabata niile nke otu nkwonkwo ije na a mgbe nile
oge, na na ha na-vibrations b ugboro oke ibe.
Ma ekwenyere site na aga na ihe at naan Mitbezugnahme na echiche uche
n'akk otu kpr now z e weere.
Ala nke-at t b psychischerseits n'ubi, akpnwwo otu, ma br na agafe nareflective nsh, dgh ihe z na-adgh nd na-ada, participatory nsh. kpochap
gbalsi ike inweta otu obodo ma b na-amba, na steeti iwe na inwe chch mma
ya, ma b iji belata, na njik. b ezie na any nwere ike gbanwee a-akpali ag
ala na-unpleasurable na-Wi-adgh drava, ma mgbe ah, mgbe nan n'ihi na nke
megidere nd kpagburuibe motifs na n'elu uche. chch nke ma, na ntaramahh

nke j ak na uche, obi t nke mmetta, site ugbu a mkporomaasi iji nweta obi t
ma, iwe nke amuma na any nwere na-agba ok ihe mgbu, ma br na any adgh
ahap any obere erugh ala mettara, ihe d ot ah, ma na-niile motifs na n'elu uche.
Aba d ka ihe mgbu nwere ike ime ka tt d iche iche na-ekwu. Onye bla
sensory modality nwere ya peculiar t na ihe mgbu; ma b kama obi t na ihe
mgbu pr inweta site na banye d iche iche sensory ngalaba d iche iche ngalabamkpebi siri ike, a na-ekwu banyere nke 15 ngalaba. pr ime ka any ihe nan'ozuzu mmekah d ka, nke na-eme ya site pr iche mmekrta iwe; z. B. ka a sere
ya n'ozuzu mejuptara, Ot d, j nj n'anya any pr iche na ya. O nwekwara ike
na-eche d ot ah iwe na ihe nd kas iche iche degrees nke iche echiche r ad, eg.
D ka a j d ka rustling music d ka nakwa d ka nj, naan na r bla ikpe ga
gafere na psychological z mbata 4) n'ihi t d ka ihe mgbu d ok mkpa ndokwa
nke nsh ,
4)

The na m. Elem. d. psychophysics nso tlere iwu fr b na ihe bla an

ah usoro, na-ebu nke site na ya site n'omum a nyere mkpebi siri ike nke nsh
nwere ike, ma ga-gafere tupu a fd ruo n'k nke ike, na-akp. fr, ndokwa
ga-n'ezie maara -ab.

any jide now mb nd kas n'ozuzu si ele ihe anya n'uche na, d ka ewe ebe d ka
akwusighi, a chch b, ya b, nd agha na-aga ebe hap steeti a na r na nkwsi
ike; na-na d na a kwsie ike, a mmas ilekta nd a ma b, n'ihe banyere mere
mkpachi na ya, d ka o kwere na nd, nd na-na-amba; n'ihu Ot d, na nd
nke kwsi ike na akwusighi na ihe nd kas iche iche omume usoro nwere ike ime ka
ha we buru site n'ozuzu na mmekrta pr iche na ha na-agagh kegide bla ogo
kinetic ume, nke mere na any b nd abovementioned Izugbe nd nke yiri ihe
ag ihe j na-ah mezuru iwe, ma br na any na-etinye ke ofri ofri, dabere
qualifiers, d ka na nkwsi ike, eweso ha iwe akwusighi psychophysical na-ekwu, ma
b nd nke ije n'elu nbata-uz na ikwu. zkwa echiche b ihe kas nkt at nke
ntoputa nke obi t na ihe mgbu nke a amma wee malite ch n'nd nkt nkwa
nke ihe at nd a n'ime ptara nchepta mfe dara, mgbe z ojiji mgbe n'ihi na
manifold nke otu yiri siri ike tupu conceivable; naan na-apgh ime nke kpmkwem
chptara nke any psychophysical na-ekwu na mkpa ihe at nke iwu siri ike
imeghar ihe maka iji na-eche z. N'd mkpmkp, n'ihi na any ichikota ke nneme
ebe a na-at t na ihe mgbu nd n'okpuru obere okwu aesthetic na nd na-akp
na-ekwu, na gw nakawa etu esi adabako ma b disharmonious, d ka ha naenwekwu n'akk nke obi t ma b ihe mgbu.
Ka e were ya a d cha da. na-amas any site na ya-ad cha. Na ihe b otu ihe
ah? N'aka na oscillations ke a mgbe nile oge, na e wezga gradual aacha p, naaga zuru kwsie ike on. Mgbe ghara d cha clays ka vibrations egbochi, nke,
mmdo ichegbu a mgbe nile nlghachite kwsie ike. Ka e were a adabako aghta ihe
at, mgbe ah gbagwojuru anya na ma jijiji na ala, ma nagh alaghachi n'ebe
ogologo etiti oge az ya ndapta az. Na dissonant chords onye aj u nwere vibration

oge nke expressible na , kama b naan site na n gg buru ibu, oke na-, nke a
b nan mgbe aba etiti oge, na nd d ot ah, ebe ha kw na enwegh isi na d
otosr iru, mgbe ikpe. Ugbu a na ezigbo ikpe, na otu nd a ga-arptara nan mgbe
enweghi ngwcha oge z, na-ahta banyere akwusighi, na doro anya na-aba na-na
ogologo nke oge nke na-agba nd kwsiri ike ga insbesondre maka Nigeria na-ebi nd
d onwe ya n'okpuru a nwere oke periodicity na nke obi t na ihe mgbu n'ihi na
bna z zuru ezu ndokwa ka a na n'z ekekerede; na kwaa nke music na tempo,
mita na rhyme nke uri hazie ozugbo n'okpuru okwu nke kwsie ike. The d cha na
agba na-akpa gw d ka da. The mgbe na agba kpr, symmetry, bla gachi
niile nye ndi-kwuru na mb na-ese okwu na-stabeln mmeghar oge. b dgh ihe
z mfe iche na unanimity nke t nke bla r nk dabeere na a edo echiche na
edemede stabler mmeghar, nakwa na e nwere n'agbanyegh ihe mgbu ra mgbe nile
ugbu stabler mmeghar ke nnyn.
The mara nn n'ozuzu aesthetic kpr nke otu njik nke di iche iche na-egosi na
chch mgbe na-etolite, nd z na nd z dgas iche iche oge, a ibu z okwu udo,
ie, wnye na stablem mmekrita thereto.
Site mgbu nke ahuokika m maa: na-adabere na nke bu eziokwu na br na
dgh ihe na captivate uche any ma jide n a fd direction, any psychophysical
usoro mgbe etbede n'ime obere instable mmeghar.
Insofar phenomena nke mm nke d iche iche nke any psychophysical usoro, d
ka ihu ngwa, auditory ngwa, nke-ach ileba anya so, n'otu oge na-akwanyere gw
na nwere ike jikr n'ime a n'otu nsh nwere ike obi t ma b ihe mgbu naekokwas n'ihe na estidem kwsie ike nd nke akk onwe ha, na, nke naakwanyere ya gw na ibe elu ma na-adabere. Ya mere, br na ab onwe ha t
ma b nj na agba nke na-aghta ha site d iche iche optic akwara, na-anchite anya
a t ma b nj agba njik, ma b ma br na abua onwe ya egw d t ma
b miklingende da nke na-aghta ha site d iche iche Akustikusfasern,
mgbochiume na ibe ha ma b dissonant.
Strangely, ihe mgbu stimuli,-ekwu, adgh iyuzucha mmetta ha n'z d mfe d t
na nt mgbe ak bgh ngidere, ma wee na-captivate na na Ugboro nlghachite kara
ut; Na-eche nke a eze mgbu, a nchegbu. -Enwegh mgbe kpamkpam dokwuo anya
na ihe mere nke a d iche nwere ike, ekweere m na-enwe ike a iwu anya, nke N'ezie
onwe ya ka d mkpa egweri, ma iji wuchaa, mgbe nke uche ha karsa site mgbanwe
na n nke phenomena nke ezo, na-tightened, ma br na akwusighi na mutability
nke a na-akp akp ala nwere ike mata n'z fd; -ike-ekwesgh ileghara anya
dgh ihe z n'ozuzu, na na ihe d iche na okwu nke na mmehie nd kwsiri ike ma
b kwekr. Ya b, site Anam Udeme a mgbu mkpali anya ka ya onwe ya, o
akwusila ya n'out oge na na njik g n'lnga na atmanya nke nd d ot ah mmad
iji kpochap ya na-ekpebi ihe any rtara a direction ruo mgbe na-tutu amama. A
t kama o kwesr nt ka ghara as na ihe ga-ewetara ya, n'ihi na b ugbua
e. N'ihi ya, b ngide z na usoro nke na mmehie nd kwekr, anya ofu na mgbu
stimuli kara ut, nke N'ezie na downside any nwere b na any mgbu stimuli,-ekwu,
z pests kara ut obi t, ma na dum na-eweta a preponderant uru na ha na-akplite

nd odi mfe na nd z adigide.

Na any kpr d n niile abgh nan na pessimistic wa n'uche b nchekwube
na-enyere, b mfe. N'ihi na na-aba site ezie si dgh n'omume ha n'ihi nd na-ach
ala nke wa, kama a na-abgh nd kr af n'ala gafere mgbe niile na ruo mgbe
ebigh ebi iso emekar n'ebe mmelite mma nke nd, nke any na-ama nke a d iche
iche n'akk site na mkparta ka nke 15 Ngalaba a rr r ebube; na na-enye a
peculiar nkasi-obi mara a kpr nke na-akwado nke a mma, na any otu apgh
izere ezere ot Kama edu na dgh nke ndaghachi azu n'ime ya dum kwere omume
ndghachi az na onye na onye kama b naan hr mgbal n'ihi ya, nd na mma
na-.
Closes ma m steeti dum niile n'otu n'otu site n'onwe ya. Ruo ugbu a na-arah
Kama nke ah, n'ezie, n'l an nd nke onye ah, nke na-eguzokwa ka ihe nd
z na instablen oke, mgbe mb ak mkparta ka na-aga furu efu z, kama b
naan na-akwalite dum na nkwsi ike na-albegh di onwe ya a hr stabeln ala-edu,
n'otu oge, b ihe kwekr na na-ah dum.
M na-adgh agbal ka any kpr site t na ihe mgbu na nsogbu wa bna n'ihu
mgbe gara aga gaara zuru ezu gosiri na ihe d ot ah mmejuputa iwu izugbe akk
na o siri ike ihe bla ga-eguzo n'z. O doro inye a z doro anya na ike
nnchiteanya nke nd a mmekah na ndabere nke any kpr, any apgh kws
mmekrta ah ihe t na ihe mgbu na-nkwsi ike na akwusighi ke akpa obere ka
kama na-edochagh anya okwu; na-anwa ime z fd ndokwa, ma dabere na ihe isi
ike na-ejigh n'aka na nke na-az a n'ihu na z ala mmepe nke psychophysics gaagnye naan mgbe a na-ruo ugbu a. Ot a kwa, nd na-eson nnwale nwere ike kama
inweta naan nd mb bna ihe precarious na chr ghtakwu agha r, d ka e
weere ama emeri.
Na kpamkpam ufk ufene nd kwesr eme ma l na any,-apgh chere na site
n mmalite; ma a da, a aghta ihe at konsunierender dgh mkpa eti ime ihe
any; zkwa enwere otutu nke na-ekwu, nke uche, nke any nwere ike ikwu ma na
ka na-na ha na-ebu ihe mgbu nke ag, Ot d, ma sere anya, lebara psychophysical
usoro ga-ab ma stabel ma b instabel. Nke a na Andrs-eburu n'obi ihe, any
formulate any amma kpmkwem d ka nd a:
chch na mkporomaasi nke registers na psychophysical eme, nke b, na mb,
bna ike iji gafere fr, si ot mgbe na-adgh ama ihe any na-d ka quantitative
n'akk nke usoro, Nke abuo, (d ka na-ama mere n'elu jaa), zuru kwsie ike , na-eru
nso gabiga a fd gba, chch fr ma b n'of a fd gba, ihe mgbu fr,
wep mgbakwunye na nke ihe any na-atle d ka a qualitative akk ka gpta Ot
d, e nwere obosara n'etiti ab k ebe ma obi t ma iwe abatakwa nsh mgbe
ma nsh na n'omume ma n'elu argo n'n n site quantitative n'akk nwere ike
b ebe ah.
N'ihi ya, any na-ezo na nbata, nke (nke levying-ya nile, ptara ah site anya), gaab ruo agh maara ume nke psychophysical r, d ka qantitative fr, ogo mkpachi
nke r kwsiri ike, nke bna nsh t ma b iwe akpan akpan a ga-topped, d ka
qualitative mbata.

Psychophysical na-ekwu, nke qualitative fr nke obi t na-uku kari, na-ekpo k

any mgbe mb kenam ojiji, adabako, nd na emi iwe na-uku kari, disharmonious,
n'etiti ab na-ada indifferent. ma harmonic d ka disharmonious na-ekwu, nwere ike
d ka nke ma maara d ka onkonshiosli, dabere na quantitative fr b kara ma
b. N'ihi ya, nwere ike na-eche d ka ihe mgbu mgbe niile nn ka mma site naebelata ebelata na psychophysical eme ma b ndokwa ya nile, pr ibu ihe obi t
ma b ihe mgbu, dara n'okpuru quantitative fr kara na dara n'okpuru gw
fr; na-adabere n'ike nke aesthetic mmetta mgbe nile n'otu oge site na kpktara
nd si di nke quantitative na qualitative mbata.
D ka okwu nd a nwere ike kp kpr nke na mmehie nd kwsiri ike d ka a
kpr nke na mmehie nd kwekr na-ekwu na a chch kwupta kwekr okpon
akan uwa, si ot a kpmkwem na aga, na niile adabako mmeghar na wa na chch,
niile disharmonious-aghta na iwe, n'ihi na n'ebe nile ruo mgbe ajj b ma ha gafere
na quantitative fr ya.
Kwesr ya d nn na-abata na qualitative fr, ot ah ka a usoro onye akk
nwere ikwu bla z zuru obi iru ala, emi odude ke kas ukwuu na obi t kwuo,
ebe b na nke a kwekr na nke zuru kwsie ike; ma b sikwa ele na o kwere
omume n'okpuru quantitative mbata. A mfe urughuru onwe ya, mgbe gara aga iwu
na-eche ma obi t ma b ihe mgbu, n'ihi na nke ala nke obi t na ihe mgbu b ihe
d n'ime, n'ebe a d mfe ah na-agnye dgh akk n'ntanet ikwu ije, ma
quantitative ma b qualitative fr nwere ike gafere, ot dgh mkpa maka mmepe
nke ime obi t ma b ihe mgbu emee maka otu ihe ah, kama b naan n'ihi na
usoro ihe bla n'n gg nke ah, nke zutere na mgbe e mesr na 22 t. eson
echiche. zkwa, e wezga obere disturbances kpamkpam ufk ufene, ije nke wa
anyanw gburugburu ihe bula t maka ha ka ha br akpan akpan n'ihi na b a
okwu nke mpga kwsie ike maka wa, kama ha ga-eji na usoro Sun na Earth naakpata ya t; ma e wezga na, br na usoro nke ma, na d ka nd nke adabere
na ikwu ije na nd ah nke eluigwe, a ga-aghta na ibu onodu naan a subsystem
nke dum usoro mbara na nke a b a akk nke wa usoro, ihe ma anya akkefu. Otu onye nwere ike n'ebe a na-eche nke kwekr nke ngalaba. Na-ekwu okwu
nke t na ihe mgbu nke a Partialsystems akpan akpan, ga-ike ok na ya niile
psychological dnaya ka a pr iche na-ekwusa nsh, ihe n'ozuzu ihe e melite
enwegh nd nke d ugbua doro anya.
N'ezie, a ka na-adgh enweta zuru n'aka otu na n'elu okwu amma. N'ihi na a gaagnye na any maara onye, dabara N'nd nile, k, ma b dgh ihe z
Maprinzip na mkpachi nyere Filiks na-full kwsie ike ma b ndiiche-ya nile, na a
tt nke obi t na ihe mgbu d ka a r nke a mmesho, ma nke b bgh ikpe. Ot
d, b zuru ezu maka n'ozuzu ndokwa na isere n'ozuzu ubiere ama na nkweta aka
n'eziokwu ah b na e nwere ihe bla ikpe d ukwuu ma nta degrees nke mkpachi
ka kwsie ike, ukwuu ma nta degrees ihe t na ihe mgbu, nakwa na nd a na-ah nile
n n'ime kpmkwem n'ozuzu na nduzi , N'otu oge ah na-agh nd mb nkt n'k
nke gaghar a tt nke obi t na Unluft b psychophysischerseits n'iwu.
E wezga obi t na ihe mgbu nd na-ewuli elu na aga ka d nd kwsiri ike na-

ejigh n'aka, ihe m na-akp isi iyi nke obi t na ihe mgbu, any aghaghkwa d naaghta nke ab ha obi t na ihe mgbu na-adgh mma na aga collapses, d ka nwere
ike idako na otu ma b nd na-abgh direction na ya, na nke bu eziokwu bu na
ganihu nke kwsiri ike, na br na ghara da site ukwuu igbu oge n'okpuru otu
d na a mmekrta fr, d ka, na az nzkw p (nke kwekr) ihe mgbu akpte
n'ra na obi t ma b ihe mgbu agbakwnye, ka t ma b ihe mgbu naekokwas n'ihe na-ekwu onwe ha, dabere na nduzi nke ime ma mbenata. N'ezie,
na-enwe mmetta d na mkpokta pta d ka ma a disharmonious aghta ihe at
ekwurta ya n'ime a di harmonic, ma b ma chords gbaso inverse uche. Any
nwere ike obi t, a na iwe na ab nd nke z ma br na karsa na-eche, ma gaeme b a obi t ma b iwe obi, dabere na n'z nke ya mmetta. Onye ra naenwe mgbake nke ogwe aka, vorschreitet ka ganihu, ka mgbe ha na-ara ra,
ogbenye, a chch ka mma ha nd na-eche na ike, garanya nwesr mgbe nd
ha nj, ihe mkporomaasi ka ara ra, bna tupu steeti b aha-ama j.
Ugbu a pr icheta ime ka a ha obi t na ihe mgbu n'ihi na ya onwe ya n'b na
isi, ya b na obi t na ihe mgbu mgbe niile na Bestande a buru ibu ma b obere
mkpachi ka kwsie ike, ma na mbh na anya nke ije thereto na nke na-mettara, na
nd ukwuu, b quicker b mbh na anya nke ije, n'etiti nke ah bkwa ihe
enwegh mmas obosara-ekweta;na na mb n'anya yiri ka eziokwu ah b na nw
nke tt ikpughe na mgbe nile Fort na nchekwa umu ihe na z tfuru any t
mmetta na n'ikpeaz bna ihe mgbu nke ahuokika na-enye z na-egosi na nd kas
ukwuu ga-ekwe omume mkpachi ka stablen ala na site n'ngide edinam nke chch
ptara iru, kama ebuli na nd na elu ugwu, otu akagbu; Ot ah ka chch d ad
nan ruo oge na-eto eto, d ka nd Approximationsbewegung b n'ihi na nkwsi ike na
ngwa ngwa, ebe a megide mbelata mgbe slowed megide lekwasr kwupta a ije b
na-ekubi ume mgbe eru apgh kara iche na nkwsi ike iwetulata otu iwe. Ka
dgod, nke a mere eme kwesr cogent nwere obere na-kwara nke bu eziokwu na
ime-ime obi t, nke na-adabere na-eme ihe, d ka a maara iwu nke blunting z na
nd z nke quantitative fr nke ike zusinkt ihe ogo t na-adabere na, nwere obere
site na mgbe m na nchekwa d anya a kpmkwem ebe, a kapr n ihe, na mmehie
nd kwsiri ike na-eme ka kacha mma na a fd akk ma b otu akk nke
psychophysical usoro ekwusi a ma ugbu a, tfu mfe oge ufodu mmeghar, zkwa,
nke-emepta ihe mgbu nke ahuokika na ugbu akpali mgbanwe r. N'ihi doro okt d
ot ah a na ngwar nke any psychophysical usoro na usoro ihe ah nile nke wa
mgbe kweere na ihe n kpam kpam stabler ala nke usoro ihe ah nile nwere ike naad na a fd ruru nke nd excitation n'etiti ya onye akk, nke fd aka iso n'of a
fd gba unilateral excitation gnyere nemegide. N'eziokwu, mgbe any na-ad
nsinammuo n'ime ihe nd kas mara mma e gwr, bgh n'ihi na eserese a, ma n'ihi
na enwegh mgbanwe amalite imej any, mkpa obibi d iche iche, b nke na;. Ke
adianade do, sikwuoro nke isi na sekndr ha obi t na ihe mgbu gosiptara eziokwu
nd d ot ah d n'elu ka bna ke n'elu isi d; na ga-ab siri ike iche na nke na af
nke mgbu a nyere ebe nke sensashion, d ka nd ime mgbe ezu ga-enwe ike kpgidere
na a ngidere na-ap ap n ke kwsie ike na-enwegh na mb na-eduga a k ma
b mbibi, b ezie na ya nke ma b na organism enwe akpatre ji. Against a nwere

ike di ogologo mgbu ka a echiche isiokwu bgh verbesserliche n'okpuru dude

mpga nd akara ndiiche si zuru kwsie ike, nke na-adgh ewepu na ogologo oge
site dude n'eluigwe na ala gwa nwanne kwsie ike ma na-ad mgbanwe mpga
nd, nke na-eburu nd d ot ah imeziwanye ihe.
Agbanyegh, o yiri ka m na-z mfe, ihe yiri zuru ezu banyere nke b ime ka naakwanyere ma na isi mmalite, d ka nan a otu ihe ah.
Ka na-aga niile gara aga na echiche ebigh azu azu, ya mere na ga-enwe ike naeche wa malite na dgh ihe z na m anman ah, ie dum instabeln ala naeche echiche jikr-enwegh a kwuo okwu na-enwegh nst ihe mgbu na ya. N'ezie,
n mmalite okwu, nke ugbu a butere n'ime circumscribed wa ahu nyere iwu
mmeghar e agazi chsasr mmad ohere na na usoro adgh agazi agazi mmeghar,
ya mere iche n'ihi na nke a mgbasa eson mwep nke ah nke intervening agha agh
na ntarama mmeghar nke onye ah na-ibido mere nn n adgh ike, ya mere,
nwere ike nr ka a fd ruo n'k nke mmepe nke wa n'okpuru quantitative fr
ma dkara ala otu adgh anya gafere; ma si ot ah na--h mb ije n'echiche nke
na-amba kwsie ike, b ebukargh na-enwe ganihu kwupta kwsie ike n'oge nile
nke pendant sekndr t bna mb iwe na eyride banyere na nchikota nke
instabeln obere mmeghar, ma b o nwere maka dum a ufk ufene nke pr kpata
iputa, b ihe . Ma nd nd nd onye na-eme ka mma n'ihi na nke chchr,
bgh mikwuo emi.
Otu onye nwere ike h nsogbu na na chch nwere ike iru ke ofri oge nke a ije
usoro, Ot d, ike a chr iji na-amas kwsiri ike nke usoro-ya laghachi oku na
mb nd, nke ga-eme nan mgbe fd oge. na-anchi a isi ike site eson. Na
nke bla oge nke a ije usoro b ntughari, ga-anya site na nd na-ach na nd na
iwu nke ije bna d ka a kpebisiri, ma nke a site na oge nke ije wee ngide na-enwe
mkpebi siri ike bkwa mkpebi siri ike na-ach na-ahuta ka nyere, na-enwegh na zuru
ogbugbu nke ije b nd a chr.
Ikekwe, mgbak na mwep mmepe nke any kpr ka na-eson mgbe eme.
Onye bla rectilinear ngaghar nke a mgbe nwere ike, n'agbanyegh ot agbanwe
s na-edoghi any ugboro ugboro gbanwee direction, na-adabere n'kpr nke
Fourier si na otu z d ka a mejuptara nke linear mfe kwere omume vibrations, ke
ofri ofri nke d iche iche njupta a , a ', a " na-atle ma decomposed
mathematically n'ime ya .. d iche iche oge T, T ', T "... na d iche iche mmepta p, p',
p" ... The n'ozuzu ma b tt ihe mejuptara oge, nke jikr n niile n'otu n'otu
oge, mgbe ah, site ngwaaha T, T ', T "... nyere. Si z nkeji iri na ise nwere ike b
ihe bla curvilinear ngaghar, ga-ab na otu ma b tt gb elu na-agba s,
site ntule na at ibe perpendicular na iji akara kewara ogologo, nke ka n'ihu aga na
decomposition; na nke a on niile ihe na-eme ka a psychophysical Filiks,
mbaa. N'ikpeaz ihe okike ot nke a nwere ike b, na-ghoro a n gg nke d
mfe vibrations na-at b isi ntziaka, n'ozuzu nd na-ahagh njupta, oge na
mmepta, Ot d, nke na spezialen ikpe nwekwara ike-agbanwe agbanwe. b
ugbu a na t na ihe mgbu mgbe niile d ka a r nke a, a ', a ".. Site quantitative
n'akk nke T, T', T" nwere na-kpebisie ike site qualitative n'akk Ot d, nd ruru

nke mmepta kpr naan eme kwupta dd nke usoro nwere ike b na-enwegh
mmetta na ya aesthetic mkpr.
Na nke bla, ga na-nwere ihe na-erubere nd d ot ah a mgbagwoju nke ah na
nd d ot ah a n'ihu nke ha ije a gwgw, d ka ha na iso otu ma b n'otu onu nke
nsh ma b mmata; na ihe banyere a edo ma ga-na mgbakwunye na nke ngkta
Filiks ike dr bna Partialprozesse, nke nwe pr iche phenomena, akpan akpan
echiche.
IX. Gn na-akpata na ikike any na-anabata ihe n'z wa,
na ebe a ihe mma nke ya dd kwere omume.
Man na-ekwu na dd elu ah ma b ngosipta nke ihe mputa na site a naakp. Onwunwe ma b nke an ah mpga wa, na-ekwu na-emekar obere dd
ma b nan n'z wa, causally dabere-eche, Ot d ya ihu ma naan estidem
iwu, phenomena nke onwe ya ime mm eke, an sensations, echiche nke a ma b
na d na-, nke o ji mee ka d ad nke ihe mpga wa, d ka site n'otu, na-at
aro. Gn nwere ike nabata ya mgbe nile, na nke ime wa nke mmetta, intuitions
n'ezie kwekr na a wa n'z, na ihe ikike ya ka ihe d ot ah tt nd chere?
b ihe e bu pta wa mmanye? br na onye d ad, mgbe ah, b ot ike
mgbe-enye ihe niile e bu pta wa ma dgh doro anya ngosipta ma b nd naaghagh chta az dina naan; okwu ah ya onwe ya n'onwe ya na-akwa ihe
bla. Ajj nke mb b, na nke a, na-ar maka ihe nd eziokwu, ma nwa a mr
hr na-ama d iche a wa na mpga nke onwe ya. N'ezie, ke otu z d ka any
nwere ike ime ya reflective ma b na-adgh; ma pr b ya mere, d ka any
involuntarily n'echegh echiche ihe na-,-eme, na any kpebisiri ike h na omume
any outwards 1) . Ka dgod, tt na-enweta na any site na ahmah na omume
na nd naan ihe involuntarily kkphi e mesa d ka ihe ebum pta wa, pta wa
as mpi. Nwere ike a gagh ad ot ah, na s iche nke onye ozo wa n'aka
any? Ga-ma b s kpa k ebum pta wa, nke na a pgh naan zr site nna nna
any h na-agafe nan site nketa any? nye pr ajj nd a kpebisie n'aka; b siri
ike bna dokwuo anya na ya. Ma any na-agbal na fd echiche ma br na
bgh ike iji nweta ihe fd h na nke.
l)

Na nke bla o yiri ka a mettara mpga wa omume ha d ka m a mr

m anman.

Akpa, onye pr ch iji d iche na any na-mpga echiche nke onye ozo wa naadabere, chpta ot, na eziokwu na na-mere dgh ihe z yiri ba uba. The any
na-agh maara site mpga ezi phenomena, sensations na-ekpughe bla causal
dabeere n'ebe mb dude ndokwa ime mm nd any onwe n'otu uche d ka any naecheta ihe any echiche, any banye n'eluigwe, nke any na-echeta, wdg, ebe ha onwe
ha nwere ike inye r elu hr iwu onye rara d ot ah. N'ihi ya, i anya n'ihi na a
causal-ya nile ma e wezga mm. b ezie na any nwere ike obi sie any nke a
causal njik n'etiti any mpga ezi site mediating echiche; o mekwara ot ah bna

na nk mmta sayens na n'onye ezi omume ha dum usoro na causal njik n'etiti nd
d ot ah ka nghta; ma bla ikpe a causal mmekrta abgh ka d mfe ma
kpmkwem n'ime nsh ada ada, kara nke ah n'ime, gagh adaba n'otu, nwere ike
b na ya na continuo achso ya iwu nwere n'onwe ya, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu b
perpendicular ka na; Ya mere, any mata ihe d iche na nke abatakwa otu, nke ihe
n'akparamagwa nke z, d ka a Andrs ebe; na d ka causal njik abgh internally
na-ewetara any ozugbo externally translucent ebe, any na-ach nd Causal ka
involuntarily n'z.
Dr gaba n'ime ebe, ga ajj b ma any mata ihe d iche na mpga wa
angeborenerweise n'ime any, na ihe niile adabere ma any ihe a chr causality b
Aborigine priori; z, fd nd kweere na a siri ike na-egosi na nke ikpeaz b ikpe,
na-ah na any bu pta wa na-ach a kpatara any mpga nghta ma any. Ka
dgod, na esesn a ka e kwuru n'elu na b enyo enyo na site n mmalite ma any
ihe any na-now involuntarily, na-eme angeborenerweise, n'ihi ya, nwere ike nke
ma -As a b echiche nke nd z - ihe a chr causal njik nan nd b ahmah nke
nd na-enye, na ya ga-zr e mesr, dabere na-nwere ihe gw nke onye ozo wa
any. Ee, any d ka bna taa ina nke causality ya n mmanye na ha maara nke ma
na-eme ka nn s na nkt iche nke onye ozo wa any na-adabere mgbe
nile? bna na mb kwuru (Jehovovch. Asaa) egosi ihe d iche. Nd na-emekar ar
ya mgbe na-ah na-aga a eruba mpga phenomena, ma h b mgbe niile a kpatara
ihe na mmetta; a mmekrta echiche na-aba nan site pr iche echiche nke any naeme anagh adkar na ya mata diche d na mpga wa adgh any mkpa, d
ad; otu nd a ozugbo d nn naan inwe nd phenomena. Kama involuntarily a
causal ma any na-ele anya ka any mpga ezi, any na-emeghar kama na-enwegh
echiche ihe na-eme na nghta, fr nke nta na ihe mpga.
Chain of indeterministic nnwere onwe na-ele agnah bna site n mmalite na
causality na iche echiche ebe kpam kpam ndaba; ma br na free uche, mkpebi
pr ibilite-enwegh zulngliche oyi site na tupu Ije ije; ma umu mkpebi egosi d ka
ihe nke mm ns na-eme, bgh site n'z Aufgedrungenes. Ot ah ka ha gaikweta maka mpga ezi, na ike ugbu a agagh dd na otu na-amanye n'elu site n'z,
mee ka ha dabere na nke na-efu estidem causality. bna iche ma na ajj nke
nnwere onwe iyi na mberede incursions, nke nke any na-amagh ebe ha si na any,
ma bgh kpmkwem d ka nwere ike b na ebe bla si n'z.
Mgbe nke ah gasr, pr h na dgh ihe z echeghi ma Ne ihe d n'ime
causality b mgbe a r any d ka b nd na pta wa gh a distinguishing wa
nkt n'z nke any onwe any; na any na-ahap ajj nke kacha ihe mere undecidedya mgbe na-apgh kpamkpam aba okwu banyere ya.
One z ajj d ka nd psychological ihe mere na any instinctively presuppose a
n'ezie dude n'z wa any mpga nghta, b ihe nd b isi, n'ihi na ebumnobi any
ihe mma ga-budding, ajj nke ndaba nke a tt nd chere. N'ihe banyere
okwukwe b tt nd chere nke onye ozo wa mgbe niile ngide na-, ebe b na
any n'ihe any nwere nke na-mara n'ezie nwere d nn ka any n'ime na-aghta d
ka nd d ot ah na fd echiche. Ma nn eziokwu na any kweere mgbe niile ka

ihe n'z wa, d b na-akwanyere gw site onwe ya, b akk ihe mere eme
nkwado, na na iji eme ha ihe-abgh wa na, na d ad nke a mkpa ikwere d ot ah,
nd bara uru nkwado nke a okwukwe. ka na-aj mgbe a usoro iwu support.
br na now nn eziokwu na any instinctively iche z n'ihu wa any, na na
na na ji yiri na-apgh kwa na any bu pta wa na-ach ka any na mpga echiche
a kpatara na mpga nke any na any adgh achpta na any, n'ihi ya nwere ike b
nd ziri ezi n'ihi na nke a d iche bgh nke ma tr ntala ya. Mb, n'ihi na any
na a nyochaa nke eke mmekrta na-abata any mpga nghta, na n'etiti n'ezie
inyocha ma ihe ma b obere a causal njik enwegh aga nke any na-eme ebe a,
Nke abuo, n'ihi na any onwe any site na echiche nd causal njik bgh n'z zuru
ezu na any achso vermchten-enwegh inwe ike ha mere agnah nd kpere n'ime
ad. Gn ga-conceivable na mpga nghta d ka echiche ma emebiela maka a kpere
estidem, d nn bgh n'ebe nile traceable, causal njik; n'ihi na-anchi anya a
causal mmekrta ka onye na-eji n'elu obere okwu d ka b nd na perpendicular na
nke z, bgh mgbe niile gbochie na otu d ka nd z na otu b kpere
estidem. Ma, na-eso echiche na-ekpughe, nke any na ihe bla ikpe factually
akwado na ikike na nk mmta sayens na nd, na-mpga ezi externally mere.
m anya ar nr, ebe any nwere ihe bla n'elu ah ya, mee ka onye nwere nd
otu echiche d ka z mpga nghta, nke any na ejigideghi ihe externally ya. Gn
kpatara diche n'etiti ab? Ihu ma, mpga nghta, d ka mma ma nke ab, a
kpere estidem omume kara nke mb, nd m anya ar nr, na okt hallucinating d
ka obere ihe d n'ime ihe kpatara na phantasms, b nke Chineke weere mpga ihe, d
ka mpga perceiver ka phenomena nke ezigbo, ie niile nke na ghtara,
akpkwa. Enwegh ike ot mpga phenomena na any na-akp d ad nke nd d ot
ah, kama b naan nke onye phantasms, d ka m anya ar nr, na-. Ma any
ekwesgh emeghar, iche site hallucinated bna, ma, nke ah aghaghkwa b na ihe
mere.
Conspicuous nke a kpatara ya b na na nke ah, ohere awa site mpga nghta,
n'akwkw kenmde maka ezigbo ihe nke n'z wa maka any, nwere obere
kwekr ekwek, nwere obere iwu traceable nke mere na e nwere ike inwe mettara
mmad z mm, nke any nwere ike isi na-enweta ozi banyere ya. Otu osisi, m naah, na-ah nd z, ha wee h ya d iche iche d ka ha d iche iche nd na d iche
iche n'aka ya anya, na-am banyere ihe nd a iche nwere ike b ihe d iche n'etiti
phenomena kwaa; ma mmekrta, site n'onye ah nke nke dd nke osisi maka ime
mm isiokwu naan isiokwu b omume, d ka ha na iwu mettara n'z dkwa ike
maka nd z, na-enye any ikike ma b nti any maka a nkt Causal maka ihe ihe
bla spirit karsa-aga iche ihe ikike nke nenwegh m anya ar nr. Ya mere, any
nwere phenomena na-eme ka h na hallucinated mpga Ya mere, ihe anya d ka nke
dabere na ezi mpga ihe, n'ihi na ha adgh dabara iwu onodu nke echiche nke any
nwere ihe niile nke na-abgh wa. Ebuka d njikta maka dum, d ka nr on niile
usoro iwu ziri ezi, ike hr na phenomena nke n'z wa ihe karr a nchikota nke nke
onye m anya ar nr.
Ugbu a, n'ezie, na e nwere ghosts ma any, any ka pr nan omume na-agnye otu

any, b nd siworo any internally, na ike nd site n mmalite d ka nke ma d ad

nke a ime mm, ihe onwunwe d ka ihe elu wa doro anya gabiga any; ma emee ka
akk ihe mere eme na bara uru mere kweere nke d ad nke ghosts ma e wezga
any na usoro iwu ntnyere, nke any na-yiri ahu na gr okwu nd d ka any na yiri
mkpr obi na mkpr obi okwu, ha nk kara any onwe any 2) .
2)

Ihe kwara, ot ah ka m na-ah m na omume m b n'elu ah, nakwa nke

nd ikom nd z. The ot nweela a na-akp mpga phenomena na-ma br
na naan a obi m, di My Mm; ma mgbe m na-ah extractable si ah m na
omume m na mpga phenomena ke n'ubi, akpnwwo ejikr na n'ime
mkpr obi phenomena, m anwa ya, analg mkpr obi phenomena ke n'ubi,
akpnwwo ejikr na analg mpga phenomena na m nwere nd z si ah na
an ah ngosipta ga-enye, ma anagh ada m n'ime mkpr obi phenomena
n, n'ihi ya, anagh abata m n'uche, n'ihi na gagh adaba, an ah b
ngosipta nke any na onwe m. Ya mere, atughar nd a megide onye bla z
ot n'z beziehentlich mettara, n'otu aka internally aghta ha site m, n'aka
nke z site m ka m tinye Seelenerscheinnugen e. N'ezie, nke a ntnyere bgh
ot meptara d onye abatakwa nsh, ma nwere ike b ya mere ma ya oge
zlite.

Na ihe nile nke a abgh ikwu na s echiche nke d ad nke a ihe onwunwe wa
n'z nke any ihe mma na nd z na-enwe mmetta d ot ah na-adabere; Ihe r
ka adgh ya na-ebilite nn onwe ha nke bla; ma b naan ikwu na any ga naItie site na okwukwe na mm abgh nke any, ga-ah m anya ar nr tnyere a
usoro iwu ziri ezi n'ihi na nkwenkwe na ego nke ihe onwunwe n mpga ihe bla
n'ime any n'ezie ihe anya, di ka Andre existent egwuregwu.
zkwa adgide any dum obibia dd ma b ihe onwunwe abgh wa d ka ihe
anya existent n'ezie na nd na ha abgh nan na any, kamakwa nd z na-egosi,
nwere ike tinye na-amba di-mmetta n'ebe nd z d ka onwe any, nke any naeme ka ha dabere na ya d ka ihe na-akpata ; na any dum njirimara onye ebumnobi
dd dabeere bgh nan na ahmah nd na-mere nke a na na, ma na d ka tt
nd z na sekit na sekit nke nd kas mara ihe n'etiti ha, d ka phenomena gaagbanwe n'okpuru gbanwere nd, na-eji.
Ot d, ka e mesr,-ekwu ojiji, na o na iwu onodu nke mpga phenomena, b
ezie indicative nke bla otu Mm adianade do, maka ozuzu oke nke nile na-onye
ogbugbo ya otu d na n'etiti ha tupu guzosie kwekr, zkwa, dgh n'of ha
ihe. Na doro anya na bgh ezi uche ihe m gbara kprkp na-edu N'aka nke
z; ma dgh nke. b n'aka na ruo ugbu a enwegh doo anya na ihe nghota nke
wa nke mpga ihe maka nd nke na udi ma b nd aptawo h ekwe omume na
kp. Mpga phenomena nke imeghar onye mm na-abgh wa, dgh ihe
causative ma e wezga nd mm ya mere, dghkwa eke ma b echiche nk
mmta sayens na-abatakwa ya, bgh tt nke a nk ihe mma usoro otu anchi
anya kpere ihu ma. N'ihi na Chineke Monas ezi bna Leibniz usoro tupu guzosie

kwekr ma b d ka a collection na onye ghosts mgbakwunye mmad ihe ha co

nd ekekpepde enwegh ma e nwere doro anya echiche banyere usoro. Inwe Ya
mere, ebe e nwegh nhr n'etiti tt z echiche, ma na a kpere ezi uche, ma
kpmkwem ahmah z b omume na-hr onye nke na-enye kacha doo anya,
tt nd bara uru na mbk kas nwaptaworo na nghazi n'ozuzu ebe nke mmad ihe
mma - n'ihi na ihe any na uz z na-- ya mere any nkt na-agnye bgh
echiche na site n mmalite na-enwegh ihe ga nke ma, si ezi uche ekwe omume na
nwany aga echiche.
Ajj b ugbu a, br na any nwere ma na-ikweta na otu n'z wa banyere nd
mm gabiga ihe n'k any b a ihe mma nke ya dd na o kwere omume. The
ot akpa-agh Kantian ozizi dhde d ot ah a ga-ekwe omume nwere ike b
ebumnobi dd nke ihe site na phenomena nke mpga wa n'ime any, bna
vaguely,-ekwukwa banyere ihe n'ime onwe ha, dd nke nke b nn unrecognizable
na site bla ndabere nke ha na any phenomena, bna temporal na gbasara ohere
n'd nke otu, tumadi ruru ka oruru nke any subjectivity b 3) , na mkpa, a ihe omimi,
nke b ruru ha. N'oge a, i nwere ike ijide n'aka, ee; The naan ajj b ihe merie nke
mere na any eleghara ikpeaz z kpr na-aj di, nke nwere ike imeghe a ebe ike
any ole na d ad karr. Kant onwe ya b ma ghara ghara na any onwe any d ad
b a akk nke nd nile d ad; na b a peculiar postulate na akk a b ot naenwegh at na n'akk nd z nke d ad, na-eme ka mba inference site na otu nke
z nwere ike, Ot d, any n'ebe nile z d ot ah kwubiri na ya na nd z
mkpr maka ihe mma any na ya wuru mee ihe bara uru nd, any maara ot e si
enye nkwubi okwu nd a mgbe nile nchebe kar na uru. Ugbu a-efu na ihe nile
inductions, analogies, causal echiche on nke any na-amas na nke a na-dabere, nd
ezi uche na-egosi, ugbu nde ya results, na n'ikweresi, ya mere, ka any na-uz z
e ji azu-ka ojiji nke nd a circuit z, na ike na-enwegh na jikwaa bla alaka nke
nd na ihe mma; Ugbu a, any na-ad nd bna na echiche any nd kas na kas
ihe na-enwegh. Agbanyegh, d m ka mma na-ezo kpmkwem nd kas puru
omume, theoretically na ihe fr anya any n'ihe nd mettara d ad ka ifu Adabara
on ha ego, na ime ka ha na-kas ukwuu na o kwere omume n'z doro anya, nche na
mmepe, d ka ekwegh omume nke zuru emeghar eziokwu nke ihe mma na zuru
enwegh ihe mma ekwe omume, ma d ka na-hr na a mgbagwoju anya na
ntala nke nk ihe mma na amamihe.
3)

Eziokwu ah b na ohere na oge na-nke onye forms of any nsinammuo, naach onye bla mgbe pr iche m, ebe b na b a eziokwu nke
ahmah any, na anya n'ime onwe any. Na ha b d nke na any nsinammuo,
b ikwubi; na br na i nwere ike na-eche n'ebe oge na ohere nile dnaya
na-enwe ike bna na-eche p na-enwegh na oge na ohere, na-at aro kama
megide eziokwu ah b na e nwere rba iche nke gg isi ma l.

Ugbu a, n'ezie, any agagh, ozugbo na mputa, d ka e nwere d nn ekewet,-ebute

site n a priori iwu, nke na-akpata na any, site na ile anya, d ka ot nd nkt ma b

eke echiche.Na-egbukep egbukep nke anyanw, nkptu nke ifufe, na isi nke
okooko osisi na-enye ihe dara bgh nan na any, ma na ebumnobi mpga wa
erikpuwo mkpr obi any na-. Ma bgh ma, ma br na mgbe nile, n mpga
ma h d iche iche, rustle, fragrances, kara ihe bla nke any b nd natara naan
otu mmetta site n'z, ma b bna ma ebi n'z ma h, mkpt akwkw osisi,
dufte na bgh nan mmetta na any na-, nke adabere na a kpamkpam d iche iche
d definiteness n'z, mgbe ah, dgh agwa ya mere na nagh eche. Na
ma. nwere ike, na-eme a onu nke d na any, agagh ekwe omume mpga ah onwe
ha d nn ka e nwere na-ghgburu any niile n'ime, n'ihi na b n'ezie na any niile
site n'aka ya bla gr akk, gnyere igba egbe nke mkpr obi na a ruru nke
conditionality b, na ebe d ikwu na elu wa na-apta h d iche iche, na bgh
ihe niile mirror oyiyi nwere ike nakwa otu.
Si n'akk nke z, ma ike o na-eche na, d ka nke ma, na-ewu na fd n'ime
ndokwa na mmeghar n'ime ah any, karsa nd j usoro sensations nke k,
sounding,-esi s t na ya mere n'z iwu kwadoro, otu nke kwekr ekwek any,
ma ihe na mmeghar nke an ah abgh wa na-emetta, nd d ot ah aha nke
nwetara luminous, sonorous, keisi mmeghar any ahu onwe ya naan causally dabere,
naan na a mmeghar na-gbanwetr site na itinye ihe onwunwe usoro ah any nyere
onye n'aka onye bla na onye bla z, na nd z na ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike ,
ot ah nwekwara d iche iche ebu gbanwetr sensations na-aba a usoro z echiche
ngalaba-mkpebi siri ike; Ot d, pkwara ngide ihe nkt na gw nke
sensashion n'etiti n'ime na n'z. Na-a foto nke ebe nd any na echiche site n'z wa
onwe ya: nke ahu h doo, dabere na dd nke ihe d iche iche n'ala iko, site na nke
na-refracted, d iche iche curved mirror site na nke atub ya az, d iche iche acha
ebupta, gabigara site na gbasasa, nd d nn iche gbanwetr, Mkpa k, darker,
mfe, Airborne, otu z ma b z acha egosi, ma na-angide na gw nke k a
niile Fort mmetta nkt na mmalite; na ot nwekwara ike b na oscillating doo si d
nn ka mma na-eme ka sensashion h n'ime l a mmas ka ihe onwunwe wa n'z
ofri ofri ime mm Nigeria d ka ya oscillating mmetta any organic usoro
n'echiche nke k na any okwu-ya nile mkpr obi na-ewuli 4) ,
4)

N'eziokwu, nke a b ihe any na-akp oscillating akara nke n'anya n'z, d
ka ihe any na-ah na any na-d ka ihe oscillating mmetta, ma naan otu
abstraction si ebe nke mpga nghta; ma ot anya ma si ot ah ka nghta naabstracted, na-nwere nd maka onwe ya na ya anya kwekr na ihe nd
yiri.

N'ezie nke a b tr ime nke mmekrta d n'etiti n'ime na n'z, whereupon any
Day aba n'az kwupta abal echiche ka az ka gbar h naan-aba na-amnye
n'ime any.
D ka na mb chetara, any Day b ugbu a na z fd na-eke echiche az, naeme ka elu ma a doo anya ihe d iche n'etiti ihe anya na-egosi na dd onwe ya ma
b nd mettara mm Nigeria, na ihe dabere na onye bla n'ime any egosi, eke ma

 b tt nd si ele dgh mkpa, site ekwugh n'z doro anya aj di ya, ma ha

ngwju-anya bla na vagueness adgh eme ka akwkw kwuru.
Ka any lebazie anya ka nd na-eson na ngalaba, d ka a tr ime nke sensuous
wa nke phenomena ma b dd ya b onye ogbugbo ya bch echiche na nk
mmta sayens na a tr ime ya onwe ya.

Text original
Contribuu a millorar la traducci

XX. Mediation Day ele na nk mmta sayens na

a tr ime ya nke okike.
Ka itinye na-doo anya Vorbegriffen na-eso, any na-esi kwaa ihe anya kara ihe
nd gara aga, ihe any ga-aghta na kprkp ime na nk mmta sayens na d ka
n'ozuzu olu na okwu Gebrauche, a n'okpuru eke ma b kot ihe onwunwe wa.
Any na-aghta na n'ozuzu ke wr a, d ka ma e wezga uche any existent
kn, na-n'ezie meriri Causal na-akp. Mpga phenomena ma b nghta, a naakp site any na nd z na. Mpga uche ziri ezi ma b a pr inweta, ie nke h,
ankwa ihe, a esi s, akatabi okop, na-eche (palpation) 1) ; bna dd ah tt nd
ji nd na-emepta any mmetta ma br ama wissenschaftlicherseits mgbe niile na
ma na ihe nd a na any, uche any, bgh Causal-ya nile, bgh dd onwe ya
b. Ihe nd mere na-eme ka any na entitle na n'ezie anya n'ihi na a causal mmetta
nke a ma e wezga uche any, na-atle n'isiokwu na-aga na ngalaba na-agagh
alaghachi ya ebe a.
l)

A na-akp. overheads ot obi d ka ag, akpr kp nk, ihe mgbu, any napta nke ma d ka an ah, na agbanyegh, d ka sensuous, mmetta, ma any
agagh eji ya na na n'otu z ah d ka ezi nke na-akp. mpga uche ziri ezi,
gw nke ihe onwunwe mpga wa ; n'ihi na ha anagh nke nd z na ihe
kwesr ekwes mmetta uche na a nke ma traceable iwu onodu, d ka mpga
nghta; ihe mere na (Ch. 19) jaa ya na-ad, nke a d tt dude ekwu na-ebi
eje ozi d ka a criterion nke nzube dd na onye nghta nke bla
mgbakwunye.

Any onwe ya ah d ka Causal mpga phenomena na dd ma b niile nke ihe

onwunwe wa n'z fd gnyere ma ga-ahkwa aghta ha site nd z, kpwaa
kwesr ekwes mpga uche ziri ezi nke onwe any. b ezie na ime nke a d nd
ah, any na-apgh ozugbo nwere mpga nghta; ma d ka nnyocha nke anatomist na
physiologist ghta ihe echiche nke ot ime ga-atughar egosi mgbe eweps n
mpta mgbochi, na ka anya d ka mpga phenomena dabeere na-ad cha ma na
distinctiveness nke uche ziri ezi iche iche, mee ka nchikota nke phenomena any na
nd kas ukwuu ga-ekwe omume fineness-ya na -akwado otu echiche site kwere
omume zuo ok mpga AIDS ga-. Ya mara na dd ma b ihe onwunwe wa mgbe
ya na ya d ugbu a b nke any ma l, dgh ihe z na nk mmta sayens
chptara, ihe na-amas fd nd egosi n'etiti nd kas mma e cheptara echepta,

 b ezie na dgh achta any ezigbo nghta n'ihi mpga ihe mgbochi ma
narrowness any n'aka nke chptara. Ezu na meptara n'echiche a site na onodu
nke ihe ihe mpga Erscheinlichen otu n'ime d, bna ma br nan d ka k,
adade ke trackable site eke sayens causality nke externally Erscheinlichen atuaha
emee na otu zuo ezu onwe ya na-enyere2) . Nke a b n'ihi na nd na-eson ma br
na site n mpta Erscheinlichkeit okwu ka iburu n'uche mgbe nile.
2)

Nke a mere atm na undulations nke h, n'ihi na ha d iche Otu anya

mikroskopu b zuru ezu, ma na nd k mmta sayens enwetara eke gbara ha
gburugburu.

-ele nso any na-ah ot obi, echiche, na-echeta, volitions, wdg, nke na-jikr na
d n'otu nke any nsh-enwegh n'out oge b ihe ka ba nsh, any mere ka a h
ya anya, ndokwa nke uche any ma b echiche mkpr obi b isi, site a ruru nke
conditionality na ndokwa ka ya d nke aru ayi njik, agb omenala okwu n'ihi na
na-akwado, nke nwere ike mata na-ekwu site kpmkwem chptara, nwere obere site
ahmah na obere nkwubi okwu. Otu nwere ike na-ar ka na ihe mere nke a
conditionality, d ka n'elu na mmekrta d n'etiti ahu na nkpuru obi mettara; ma, ebe
b mb nan eziokwu nke conditionality n'uche na-, ihe na-enyere determinations
nke mkpr obi kenmde iwu mettara determinations nke na n'elu uche externally
erscheinlichen ahu.
Nd a preconceptions nwere ike pta ihe maka ihe nd a. -Enwegh now naemegide otu, na-erube nn nk mmta sayens na obibia na gwgw nke okike b
ma b nan na a fd mmachi na mgbe ah ka dd ka Mgbak na-ach a na-ejide
ya b nke dum mpga sensuous phenomenal wa naan countable ma b enwegh
ihe summable, d ka oge na cubic ezu determinable, kwuo, s, nkenke quantitatively
determinable, eguzosi ma abstracted niile qualitative definiteness d ka nd d ot ah
any sensory phenomena d ka nghta nke h, da nghta, wdg b nke 3) . naangide ha naan echiche nke gbasara ohere na temporal n'k, echiche nke na nke a
ohere, ma na ogologo ma b kewara pr iche m irighiri akk, na agbanyegh,
ekpe elu ebigh ebi ma b indifferent myiyi, ihe ha na-akp okwu, na echiche nke
n'gw na nd mgbanwe (mmeghar) nke ah nke okwu na mbara ekpe. na-ah
n'agbanyegh agha na na maka nd k mmta sayens si ele ihe anya na nk mmta
sayens na ojiji site ihe bla z ma na-n'ezie-eji mara, d ka nd na-eso si nyere
quantifiable temporal gbasara ohere mmekrta nke okwu n'z iwu kwadoro Andr
ihe ha kwuru na d ka mmetta nke okwu ibi agha. ot ah, nd k ihe mma d
ka usoro nke-agha umspringen d ka chr, si ot eme maka sayens nke mere
apgh ghta aghta na o nwegh uru d ka o kwere (lee. t. Asaa). Ma ndi nile
atba dgh ihe na-eme maka nditm na nk mmta sayens obibia nke ezi uche
gw nke ihu, na-an etc,-eme ka mgbagwoju anya ma na mpga nghta; na br
na ha ka na banyere statuiert ekwe omume nke na isiokwu ah ab electricities d
iche iche maka okwu, b naan Ama p, kara banyere quantitatively iche iche ije
Mmeri adabere na-enwegh na-eche nke nd ezi uche gw nke mpga visibiliti.

3)

The osisi ike nke h na adgh emet ha n'ah nke da na-ebelata ka

kpmkwem sayens nke ibi ike (ngwaaha nke uka na square nke ike s) nke
vibrating ah. Okwu ya onwe ya b atomistic d ka ihe countable, bgh
atomistic d ka ihe turu ime enwegh ihe Summierbares. The uka nke okwu ah
ga-ekpe ikpe on ngaghar quantities. The tightness na-aba az na a
proportionate n gg ma b nchikota nke ah nyere uka na a nyere
ohere. The d iche iche isi chemical n'usoro ochichi nke ah nwere ike ekewet
d iche iche udi na uka ikpeaz ah, ma b d iche iche n gg na ndokwa
nke d mfe ah nta d iche iche (m irighiri) n'ime nke a pr chere na-akr
tupu ha adbegh anya gbawara n'etiti okwu. Na udi ma na ndokwa nke ihe
onwunwe akk bna iduga at anya na-eme n'usoro ma angular nha nke
nyere na-ekwu, az.

Mgbe abstraction ma nke nd a niile ezi uche gw nd k mmta sayens obibia

ghotara Ot d na, mkpebi weere, dabere na nd dgas iche iche nke ya gara aga
z anya, b ihe onwunwe wa ruo n'akk ya, ka any ahu nke Nleta ha, na mgbe ya
estidem nd, nwere ike qualitatively fd sensations nke iche iche iche iche na
mkpr obi bilie, nke a na-mmas ka any ahu, dika iwu nke ha soro ruo n'k fd
na physics na physiology onwe ya, doo ichu n'ihu na ihe ezi psychophysics. z,
dgh ekwe si d ot ah sensations na any d ad nke quantitatively fd nd naabgh wa, na any ngwa ngwa ether vibrations nke da nghta na any h
sensashion on iji nway vibrations nke ikuku d n'z wa, na-enwegh na nke a
bna n'ihi na nk mmta sayens na obibia fd n'ime gw nke nd a sensations
atba.
Na nkenke, na nk mmta sayens na obibia objectified nan quantitative
auffabare ndokwa nke any mpga nghta d ka dd n'z any Coming na, ma b
n'z ah e ji mara nwe, na Abstracts si qualitative 4) . Ugbu a b a peculiar ihe
mgbe ihe, na nke a, ma ihu ma, n'ihi ya, esetp bgh nan dum taa, oria n'abal
echiche, nk mmta sayens na n'wa nke okike n'of any enwegh qualitative
mkpebi siri Na-aba na anya Abstracts nke Sciences nke ya. esetp ya maka ya
r, na-eche banyere quantitative, Ot d, ma abatakwa inseparably ejikr na
gw ya uz. br n'wa z any site n'ime ka e nwee qualitative sensations na
any, bna d elu efu, na-akagh aka? Ma b na ha kwesr inwe gw nd d
enwegh at na tangible nke mkpr obi any, n'ihi ya, nke o nwere ike ghara ikwu
okwu, nan-eme mgbe ah. Ma, bgh ma a pr isi kwuo maka akk nke uwa,
nke na-enye ah anya nke d nd ah, br na bgh tie ha ka ha si n'ime
ahmah gw nke sensations nke h z, n, etc .. Ebe a any nwere kpmkwem
n'k nke na kntakt na ahmah na doo nke gw fd na quantitative
determinations nke okike n'of any na na-emetta nan na-eso na-erigbu. Any naemechi maka analogies, inductions, causal echiche nke ihe b nke n iwu na any,
ka ihe b nke n n'of any. Mag now ogbugbu nke nkwubi okwu a ike isi ike zuru
ezu na-ada n'ime nwedr ike ta, d ka a kpr na-amalite n'k nke sekit b ihe
bla ikpe e nyere site gara aga, na ihe isi ike na obi ab adgh izute ma nd General

d ka d nn ka onye na akpan akpan nke nd na-esi.

4)

b ezie na n gg gbasara ohere na temporal ndt niile quantitative

mkpebi siri isiokwu, ma ha distinctiveness na ibe ya b reducible ka a
quantitative; na otu nwere ike ikwu, s: gg, ohere, oge d iche qualitatively
na site n mmalite, ma si ot nn isi gw nke eke na sayens ga-bna
kwukwara na ya. Nan ezi a sara Nwa nke duality bgh na ny okwu
Gebrauche ihe bla kama d cha a, Time; Space echiche na-kwuru naenwegh gw; ma onye chr ka arbitrariness nke kwkw chebe. Ka d
ot ah, ma nd a b isi nke gw na-adgh sn n na gw nke sensashion
nke h, da nghta, wdg, ka nke na expressly nchegbu ebe a, na-ach nke
ma bna kara d iche iche iji mezuo iwu determinations nke an wa nke a
h ya anya, nke n b isiokwu nke ukwu okwu, na-ezo d.

N'ihi na n'aka, ah any na-externally erscheinlich mma d iche iche ka nd fdr

nke ihe onwunwe wa, na-eme ka nd mmeghar nime ya, jide iche iche si n'z, mana
na-echegbu site, e site sayens na anya, quantitative determinations enwegh at
nwan; gn mere comparability site peeji nke qualitative definiteness kws mgbe ha
ekwegh akws akws mgbe n'akk nke quantitative. . Vibrations eg e nwere n'z
na z; onye bla ije usoro mgbe niile ma, d ka mgbak na mwep mm physics
a maara nke ma d ka a mgbagwoju mfe oscillations-kn naan site d iche iche
njupta na oge na ebe chere solvable, mpga dd, dgh ihe na-erugh any nwere
n'ime ije usoro; na br na elu na ike iche echiche phenomena nwere ike b,
n'okpuru fd nd nke overlapping nke vibrations ma b mmeghar ah nwere
ike-atle kpebiri nd d ot ah na any, ot i nwere ike, ka ihe at na a egwu ga-ah
nd yiri nd nke overlapping na n'z. br na kamakwa nwekwara dissimilar,
mgbe ah, ga-eme ka d nn naan dissimilar ma bgh na-enwegh at ma b
dgh ike iche echiche phenomena.
b eziokwu na externally erscheinlichen ije ebe, d ka di ime site na physics,
nd d mfe ije nke a handle nwere ike kpalite site nyefe na a tt nd mejuptara
igwe successively nn manifold na mgbagwoju anya mmeghar nime ya, Ot d,
ozugbo nnyefe naan na N'z kwekr na mfe ije, b n'ebe Hanbgriffsbewegung
ma b, mejuptara cha elu otu mgbe nd z direction. b ruo ugbu a, na-akpali
ya nke a ije nke na-eburu adgh emet ha n'ah jiri any mgbagwoju anya br site
a dt mfe mkpali ugbu a. Nke a gosiri, kama b naan ntoputa nke a d nke tt
nd mejuptara ihe onwunwe ije na any, site na mpga ihe mkpali, bgh n'inyawa
a gw nke sensashion a mejuptara; ntughari ngide a causal itu ukwu, i nwere ike
ime ya na mfe ma b kas d mgbagwoju ngaghar, na naan ike izere ma br
nan na-akpali ya d ka ekere uwa maka otutu mmeghar chere ime ka a sensashion
gw 5) . Na ihe mere na-awlikwa elu, n'ihi na sayens onwe ya b na-emetkwa nd
na-eme ya naan ihe mere akpatre, n'ihi na ha na mb abstracted si qualitative mkpebi
siri ike nke mpga nghta; na-enye ha restituiere a mkpebi siri ike na b a priori
agaghkwa bla mere ya pulite. Ma ka h ihe onwunwe n'anya na abal anya nke-

awlikwa elu, d ka ma br na na peculiar sikwuoro nke br Nkea ub dina ihe

nwere ike conjure si na-akp akp na mberede sensashion 6) .
5)

D nn nke ogugu ha na nd doro na nke a b nke nat na S. komeeti

beech l. Ed. P 230 ma b Coursework. Abh. I. 338 iche. Ntle Nd kn,
b ezie na m nwere iji gosi na ya na-enwe mmekrta na-ele na psychophysical
ahha nke obi t na iwe na-ekwu S. 139 na t. XVIII bgh ga-enwe ike
kr. N'ihi ihe nd z m ama nke 40 Nkebi .. cha d. Psych. Bla na ike nke
uche iji na-akwado nd substantive ngaghar iji wuchaa.
6)

The ok sikwuoro nke br nke elu m anman na nke mmad kama

naan mmepe nke wuru banyere echiche nke nd elu psychic nd d ka ihe naakpali ya nke sensashion onwe ya d mkpa, na-ama na-egosi onwe ya site
n'ikwu na nd na-ach nke otu d nke organic okwu nerveless polyps nn
-enye nkwa doro odide nke sensashion kpaliri mpga stimuli.

The dualist na omenala uche-ekwu ugbu a n'ezie, na h mkpali si n'z, atba ihe
bla nke gw nke sensashion na, ma nd na-, mmas any ah, uche nwere ike
kpalite na-adabere na nke bu eziokwu na nd ewepgh na ah any, ma bgh ka
Nature b isiokwu na-apgh a mkpr obi. ma, ma d ka na-aba echiche a? Site
ihe bla z kara na tr itu ukwu z Itie. The ozu mmad ab na-of n'ozuzu
wa nkt, n'etiti ab ha ga-adgh nd; na ikwu n'z ha ya jumps n'elu ka na-aga
aga. kwukwara na o na-a dualistic tr ime, na dualism b na-awlikwa elu ma
nwere ike na-ezere, na eke ma b nke an wa site na any ahu nn nke ma d ka
na-ah any, na mkpmkp, na na-eche ekwes ihe onwunwe d ad ma l, a ime
mm ah o.
br na otu n ka o sina nke qualitative determinations nke mpga nghta, d ka
anya m ma any ihe bla budding, naan na any na-ada, nkt, Kant ga dkara ala
na-agbanwe agbanwe, ma br na chr mata si quantitative mkpebi siri ike d
ka ihe ebumnobi mkpebi siri ike nke a n'wa z any d ka Abstracts kara na
qualitative. Ka ayi nwere ma usoro iwu na bara uru mere, any n'ime wa nke mpga
nghta mgbe b ezie na ot na-agagh inden table N'otu, ma dt site echiche nke
ha nhata njik n'akuku onwe any n'ihi ya, nke pr inwe mmetta mmekrta d
n'etiti mmad ab egosi b na o kwere omume, nke a abgh -erugh ka gw a gaewere d ka quantitative n'akk nke d ad, na aka nke z ebumnobi quantitative
n'akk nke elu ad na d ka obere nke specialy nke onye anya ya na-emeghar anya
ka onye bla n'ime any ma b ile anya ot b otu ihe ah d ka gw.The nk
mmta sayens na obibia onwe ya na-adgh penalized maka nd d ot ah aghara,
kama d nn nta ma comparability ka quantitative n'akk ofu, na Day ptara nan
na atkwaskwara a ahu na na-eme otu ihe ah na-d ka na qualitative n'akk nke
d ad.
Ma, mmad pr j, nso ntak nwere na nk mmta sayens obibia l, zuru
n'emegide nkt eke gw nke dum n'akk nke onu, na-ekpughe ya Endeingriffe sere

quantitative na mkpr obi any echiche. Nke a dabeere ha na nzube, nyere enweta
site dude nd nke elu wa nke phenomena bgh na kas ukwuu na o kwere
omume sharpness, ma b ihe ga nke gbanwere nd nke mpga dd onodu
predetermine d ka n'enwegh d ka o kwere. nwere ike nyere aka, ma d ka iwu nke
na-adta si Nchikota mpga nghta, site alo nke mmesho na ngkta oge. Kama b
naan quantitative, qualitative bgh n'akk nke onu b n'k na akwkw naha
ozugbo inweta 7) . Na-egosi na nke a b n'ezie nd si ele ihe anya site na nke nk
mmta sayens na abstraction mere site na adgh emet ha n'ah gw nke externally
aghta, b nke na ebe na nzube na-tutu amama, na-omitted a abstraction, di na nkwa
nke uwa, ebe n'ezie gw n'akk nke onu na e nwere n'uche na quantitative nha. .
na-akwa ihe at anman d ka ya na agba, da olu ya, nd isi nke na-agbasa, nd
roughness akpkp ah ya; -adgh ala e ji mara ya a nweta site ezi uche
gw. Against a, e b abstraction nke physics, onwu na, astronomy, physiology (ot
anya dgh mgbanwe nd d ot n'ime estidem psychophysics) na d na ha jikotara
aka wee akara ererimbot ke ata na-emetta akk usoro d ka b nke kas elu-ad
cha ruru. N'ezie, e nwere naan nd na akk nke n'ozuzu eke sayens, ma br na i
nwere ma gbak nkwa nke dd na izugbe na onye mkpa emewo ka ah
abstraction. Na ozugbo Ndinam invoices bna sayens abstracted n'ihu, na-ar r
nan ka na nmba, na n'ozuzu ego bna d nn ma na-ag akk d ka nd
nnchianya nn nkt quantities, na-enwegh na-ekwu na nke bu eziokwu na nd d
ot ah abstraction na eziokwu kpuchie.
7)

The psychophysics-aga na-na-na ogo nke osisi ike nke ezi uche gw, ma
b a mgbaru s ga usoro nkeji nke na-enwegh gw agba dd na-eme ka
ha n'k-adabere.

Nke a na-now bgh kwuru na mgbe nile nan nkwubi okwu nd on n'ebe ah, site
n'aka taa na echi ptara na nk mmta sayens abstraction nke qualitative mkpebi siri
ike na ndabere nke kpere quantitative determinations kwere omume site ebe a. Enwegh ihe d ot ah abstraction any na-emechi analogies, inductions, causal
echiche na ihe ma b obere n'aka na anyanw n na-acha taa, apta echi b na nd
ikom nd z d ka any nwee mmetta yiri ka any na-eme, na e nwere a Chineke
n'eluigwe ; ma na-ach mgbe page nke quantitative determinability ga-bgh naan
ad mkpa kwa se maka nk na ezi echiche nke d ad nke nd, ma d mkpa naewu nk ubiere ya; ma n'ezie na-apgh mere ozugbo, ma na-onwe ya na itinye n
nke qualitative determinations, kama b naan na ya onodu nke ach site
quantitative n'akk; Ya mere d ka ogologo oge Abstracts nke qualitative
determinations, d ka na ugbu a na-emetta nd ah na-ach gbakwunye emecha na
quantitative rzuru na any na qualitative definiteness uche any. Ma nke ah adgh
ewepu na-agagh na-atle nan nd b Mmad sayens na ha Final na akwkw
naha z na quantitative akpata n'of any adgh ala iwetara a qualitative mkpebi
siri ike, d ka na quantitative N'ihi na any. Na b ya, ot any si ele n'otu oge
kara na complements na-enwegh nke na-eguzogide ha kpmkwem imewe bna
dgh ihe z, na echiche nk mmta sayens.

Na nso nso a, ajj na-angide ma any nwere iji dozie ihe wa d ka nd causative
mpga phenomena nd na-ebilite uche any nd n mpga ubi nke gg isi ma
l. Fr nke nta niile mpga phenomena, nke any nwere ike isi na-ekwu okwu, e
nwere ihe uche any, nwere ike ihe any otu nwere penetrated mgbakwunye naanabata any d ka causal mere bna b ihe na a n'ozuzu spirit, nke any na; na
eziokwu, dghkwa a kpmkwem ahmah isi ma b a Ntpta elo ma b
causal ihe mere yiri m na d mkpa ikwu okwu a obere na-akpata n'ozuzu na any
mm, nke dum ime mm na-adabere z naan n'ihi kama niile causality ke ime
mm nwere ike chere trackable onwe ya, ma br na any na-atle na okwu nwere
ike achptara bna nan site ndokwa nke abata any n'obi, maka any. Na fd
bna na-eche ihe nd yiri ma b z ihe n'ozuzu spirit adgh ada n'ime any ma
b ot ah, ma b ike da, ma b na na-abstracted, na-eche nke ihe
bla. N'ezie, m na-ekwuptara onwe m n'ihe ai mere ugbu ka ihe ebumnobi
idealism; nke na-adgh egbochi, ma nwere ike gafee nd mmanye mata ihe d iche a
na-ah n mpta wa na n'ime ime mm nd, na na onye mb n'okwu ikpe onodu
nke ezi na ike da ma b dobe na a ka ukwuu nke nd mmad n'otu n'otu, nke
ikpeaz site na njik nke ndokwa ime mm nd na-ama na onye bla maka onwe
ha, ikwu na n'ozuzu spirit daa, a pr ji. Nd na-eson ngalaba b na-aba az ka ebe
a mettara mbipta.
XXI. Basic itule nke an ah na nke nd nwere gg isi kpr.
Dualism na monism.
Na d uchu, m nwere b isi mmekrta d n'etiti ahu na nkpuru obi, mkpa na mm
ekpe aghtabegh na izugbe ngosi nke Day na-ebe nan na N'z kwekr na-akpachi
anya na mmekrita nke ma kpr nd wa d ka any onwe any, na-ewetara iburu
(Jehovovch. IV). N'eziokwu, mmekrta a pr iwere ebe a ka e dualistic ma b
monistic, d ka ogologo oge d ka a na-eme ebe a angide na-otu mmetta naenwegh atuaha nwere ahmah, the Day ga-enwe ike gbachi nkt ka na-; naan
Monadologen m na ha na-eme ma catchy ma b inweta,-amas atle n'isiokwu naeson na ngalaba. Ibio ibio b isi na-ele dualistic, ot ga-enwe ike ikwu okwu nke
onye mm ns na gburugburu wa d ka mm ns nke ah any site n'ime mkpr
obi ma b mm Nigeria nke an ah d ka ihu ma nnoo d iche iche, ma jik na
ya na-emek na cooperatively d ka iwu fd anya; echekwara ha monistic, ot gakpr ab ushde a nkt isi dd, na gwla ma ha ma na-enwe na-akwanyere
gw, dabere na nd z h ihe onwunwe n'anya, kwuwe ma b Spinozistic dochie
kwere na uche naan otu r ma b n'ihi nke ihe onwunwe mkpokta na
disassembly usoro, ma b na okwu eyi ediyarade nke mm ns, ma b ma ma d
iche iche b ngosipta, peeji nke, iwu, na kwa, gw nke otu, na-ah isi kachasi
mkpa. N'agbanyegh, brhaala na naan mgbe ewe otu ma b nd z b isi naele a priori chere, malite na eziokwu nke ahmah na ptara ahmah n nkwubi
igafe, na-ihe na-ah ot ah, n'ozuzu inwe mgbe d ka nd z na-ele, ma site na na
nd z na ya sgharta, ma si ot nwere ike izute bla ikpe ihe nd kas mkpa
akk nke bch. N'agbanyegh now na dualistic n'uche b na n'oge
philosophischerseits nta na ike, ma nd nke kasn b na nd okwu na ngosi dd-n

na-ah n'echiche, n'ihi ya, m na-eji ime ka nke ya onwe gnyere subordinating okwu
na-aga aga nke wa, na-aga aga nke ah mmad, enwegh bna si ot ejikta a
dualistic tr ime ot ah n'ebe ah, ma onye bla banyere ahap ma br na
chr d ot ah a njik na ya. Naan b b nd ok mkpa nozioma nke ndi Day
nn, ma dude ke atuaha na-emebu version nke dualistic echiche, njik d n'etiti ihe
onwunwe na ihe ime mm kpr bgh nan d ka a z isneke, naan maka m
mmad na anman, ma bgh nan na wa a na-ejedebegh, bgh mgbe niile,
pr iwere d ka ihe externally separable.
Ma ugbu a, b a n'ozuzu chch nke sayens, ghara nara ab kpr a naenwegh mediation, ma br na pr b anam-eme, nke na-eme mafe dispensable,
na monistic anya retains ya mere kpr uru nke a otu agwa tupu dualistic
tupu. N'ezie, nke a bara uru site z nkeji iri na ise megide isi ike nke na-eme ka o
doo anya ot ihe kwesr b isi kachasi mkpa otu, ga-esi na-akwanyere gw, ee
nwere ike bna onye ah nke ab d nn iche isi kachasi mkpa. Nke enweghi ike
na nke a na materialists na-adgh ala na Spinoza; nke ngwju-anya bla na
Schelling na Hegel. Na-ewetakwara g na dualistic oyiyi, n'ihi na nke nsogbu a natutu amama kpr, mfe doro anya, ugbu a na-ewu ewu kpali d ka monistic;nakwa
na ha angide na tt monistic echiche ihe ka mma kara ha, nke mere na-ekwu
okwu, okwu b ma usoro, n'ihi na b mfe kara a doo anya dualistic monistic
edogh na a doo anya monistic definition.
Na nke bla uru nke monistic ele ihe anya Me N'ihi na a n'ezie nk ihe mma
mmas isi, na m nwere otu ama ugbu a na mb odide, na z m. Inbound nke a mere
na ZendavestaII 312 iche., M na fd da mb n'obi na nkeji nke mkpr obi Ajj
198 et seq., Ma nn obere oge ka isi atmat na l. Jehovovch. m "Ihe nke
Psychophysics". Kwe ka m abaghachi n'ebe a na na ihe nd kas mkpa nke ha.
br na mmad nwere br nke onye nwr anw ma b anman n'ihu ya,
na-ah a na-acha cha, ad obi na-ad maka uka nime ya, nke dissolves n'okpuru
mikroskopu ke a netwk nke ezi eri, mkpr nd na veins. nwere ike na br nke
d nd bgh d nn anya, ma na-nchikota nke nwere ike dabere na externally
aghta, kenam n'okpuru n'd externally nke nganu uche na br na ihe mgbochi
nke chptara e ama esn na pr b na mpga chptara ptara nchaa esiwanye,
na- mgbe finer akk na mmeghar ga-enwe ike mata ihe d iche; na-ach ihe nd
d ot ah kasn n'ime ihe causal iwu rute physiologist akpatre gaa kas nta akk
nke nd d nd br ghtara na-efeghar, na-ewetara ha yikarr kara bgh n'd
vibrations, blagodi na a d externally nke nganu uche. Ma ruo ogologo oge naekiri ekiri na-angide na elu nd ozu-ya na br nke nd d nd, pughi si nsogbu
n'obi nke na na-ewere d ka a okwu n'ihi na mm nke a d nd, aghta, ma nso site
zuru ezu eziokwu na a mmekrta nke conditionality n'etiti ihe apprehends mpga
nd megide br d ka an ah br usoro, na ihe ka na-ada kpamkpam n'ime
mkpr obi nke ya, nzube sensations na nd z na iche echiche eme nke gbasr ya
bi na-ewe ebe. Nke a na aka nke z na-apgh h ihe m bla nke ihe onwunwe
usoro nke onwe ya br, mgbe Enyi kacha enyi ya nsogbu n'obi nke na-jikr ya
na nke a.

Ugbu a ab ngosi dd kwere omume site na nke a kpere eziokwu

mmekrta. Dualistic otu nwere ike iche na br na ya ije usoro na ikwu nke
conditionality ka guzo spirit ab d iche iche entities, nke mb nke nke, ka bla
z okwu nwere ihe onwunwe, naan externally, ie d ka b a d iche iche b isi, na
nke z, nd mm, mkpr obi, na ak nwere ike na-ad iyi onwe, ma b aha kar,
nke d iche na nke mb, nd substantive, bgh n'ihi na ya onwe ya, na nke onwe ya
na-egosi ya iwu ike ga-aghta, ma nwere ike na ime mm eke mmas n'akk z
nke okwu enyene utp na-adabere na nd a ndokwa, nke a na-aghta site na nke a, ot
d, a z Nigeria naan ya estidem kpr, gnyere nd nke, nke e n'b nd mb na
nd n n'ime ya, nwere ike ghta. Na site ebe a pr bch echiche site na-ach na
ihe nd z, bgh ka ha laghachikwute ebe a, were ya na, d ka nke ma nke ihe
onwunwe br usoro b a ime mm ah jikr kwa ka dum ihe onwunwe dd
usoro na br usoro onwe ya -agnye naan ihe n'ozuzu ime mm ah jikr, nke
na-agnye yiri ka br, ma any nke n'ozuzu ime mm Nigeria ihe bla banyere
any mm na-aghta, n'ihi na d nn b ihe uche, na-enwe ike ghta naan ya
estidem iwu, any spirit ma b naan a nwere oke akk nke eluigwe na ala mm.
Ka any okphde ruru ighota monistic, d ka any b nd mb, n'okpuru
nwetakwuo nkwa, nwere ike mkpa nd na-eson usoro maka ya. The ihe onwunwe,
Physical, ha agakwagh na site a ruru nso conditionality mmas thereto Mental, mm
b nd ab b ngosipta nke otu isi, nd nke mb, mpta maka nd z Nigeria, nke
ikpeaz estidem n'akwkw nke onwe eke, ma nd mere d iche iche n'ihi na mgbe
otu yiri iche iche d ka na-e si d iche iche si d iche iche si ele ihe anya. Ya mere,
bna ihe br usoro na-egosi d iche iche si n'usoro-ya nsogbu n'obi, n'ihi na otu
eke, nke b isiokwu ma n, da d ka br usoro externally, d ka a ime mm
usoro internally. Na ot maka bch echiche, nke a monistic tr ime nke wa dum
b ihe atughar egosi na any d ka ihe onwunwe dd na ihe onwunwe ije usoro, ka
na z nd z internally d ka a ime mm (any mm gbaa) nwere ike Nigeria
egosi, na any onwe any b d ka akk izugbe usoro ihe nke wa mgbe ah ha na
br n'akk nke a okpukpu ab n'akwkw b isiokwu; Ot d agnye niile
phenomena na izugbe wa nd, nke na-agnye akk ah niile.
Ot d, otu onye nwere ike ka na-ah otu ihe edogh ebe na-ekwu nke gara aga isi
na-ele. Mpga na estidem phenomena na-aufzeigliche ihe, na n'ebe nile ga-enwe isi
echiche na Aufzeigliches ma b laghachi ya ah n'z ezi uche abstractable naadgh adru nan okwu efu ma b edogh okwu ndabere nke chptara ekpe. Ma
dd zuru oke nke ihe b isiokwu na estidem na mpga akwkw n, akpa-egosi d
ka a gbara chchr, recyclable ka d ihe ah, okwu, nke yiri ihe u se nke Kant na
nke zuru oke nke Schelling, isi ihe nke Spinoza. D ka. Ma N'eziokwu, nd d ok
mkpa echiche ebe a b naan inyeaka echiche nke ike iwep ma b dokwuo anya
site Mbelata ya n'ezie, di aufzeigliche mkpa na ike, na ya iji ot d, uru nke ihe
abbreviated na na n'ozuzu oge iwere nke b ma na-akpali iche, ugbu a na nke mb
mmalite enyem ot eingnglicheren onodi. Any na-edebe d iche iche phenomena,
Njirimara, mgbanwe, ndokwa na niile ah n n'okpuru, br na otu d n'otu iwu
nke mere kr na na-ekwe omume ma b eziokwu nke a na nke z e nyere site
n'onwe ya. Na b nan ya b demonstrable site a nkt kachasi mkpa, na ihe bla

ikpe na na-aghta n'echiche a site any na n'elu usoro. N'ezie, gbalr ot ah na

tinyere ihe na mettara iche echiche phenomena na nd nkt kachasi mkpa na-anchi
anya n'z b isi d nn mmekrta a. N'ihi na mkpr obi bla, di a jikr site
nsh unit mgbagwoju nke ezigbo na myiyi d ka o kwere phenomena wdg b
sensations, echiche n'ime aufzeiglich nr site a ruru nke statutory conditionality a
nkt usoro, di mgbagwoju nke mettara n'ezie ma b cheptara echepta d ka o
kwere mpga phenomena na-ada n'ime nd z mkpr obi ma b nwere ike chere
na nke d ka da ka ihe any nwere ike na-akp mmetta nke d ad nke a mkpr obi
na nd z na mkpr obi n'ime ya. Nke a b n'ikpeaz eziokwu mmekrta d n'etiti
mkpr obi na ah.
ga-kwuru na j usoro, nke estidem dd nke a mkpr obi ya gaje kwekr
ekwek Filiks, isiokwu nke z mkpr obi, kpmkwem na-ekwurta okwu, ma site
na intermediary nke ya fdr ahu na dd n'etiti ha, mgbe nke ah nwere ike
ikwurta okwu mkpr obi nke mmad ab nani site intermediary nke eluigwe na
ala mm, nke na-eburu ha n n'onwe ya.
One pr ch na mb n'anya, na aga na uche nke mmekrta d n'etiti ahu na
nkpuru obi ga-ah psychophysical fr okwu mmegide. A fd ike nke
psychophysical usoro b nke sensashion, inye mgbe nile a onu nke nsh; n'okpuru
ebe a kprkp ga-enwegh nsh, Ot d, ma an ah usoro ka na-aga d dt ala
ume. Oleezi ot a gbasara mm, nke na-adgh bna e, atughar eme gosiri d ka
an ah? Ma, ga-atle na bna any nsh d ka a pr iche adgh naan nke a
fd collection of any psychophysical usoro na usoro, nke na-akwado na eluigwe
na ala nsh, na-adabere. Ugbu a Nta any usoro na-ehi ra n'okpuru a uru, o ka bu na
levying izugbe nsh, ya maara ihe gbasara mm uru bgh ot ihe bla; naan
na any nsh nwere ihe bla na ya, n'ihi ya, any na psychological uru d ka anya si
na isi ebe b n'ezie maka any a na-adgh mma. Na kwa n'oge m nwere ike da
n'okpuru ya fr speziale phenomena nke mm, ya b agaghkwa nchegbu ka a pr
iche na any na aza nsh N'ozuzu, Ot d, ha na-eme ma na-ebuli a onwe g.
Mgbe, a pr iche mmata ma b nsh onu mgbe niile ptara nan na ndabere
nke a z n'ozuzu; na-adgh ihe kr na okwu nke pr iche e mere na banyere ihe
mere mpga ah Erscheinlichkeit, ma ihe b n'ezie maka nchkta ha nsh bna
n'ebe ah.
Aga na kw ga-apta na nke mb ya kwuru n'z na mkpr obi na ah b nd
ab b ngosipta nke otu isi, nke Spinoza si amata echiche, d ka nke ha na-gw
nke otu umi, analogous, ma z h uru na ha, site unexplained Spinoza d iche n'etiti
ab gw na akwkw kwuru na d iche iche si ele ihe anya site na nke ha na-turu
ime, na-eme ka a pr kwa d. Site ikpeaz iweghachiri kere eke echiche ma naagh a kpere kwuwe agwa; ihe b mgbe ah bna a maara ihe gbasara mm, ma na
mode maka z kara ka d na ya.
bna na monistic version ga-enwe mata ihe d iche mgbe niile na ihe onwunwe
na n'z ime mm na otu onye chere jr mgbe na-elele ihe d ka ya ihe n'akk
aka n mpta nd megide, n'ihi ya, eche, ji atmat d ka na-egosi na any
externally,
d kalaatraducci
na iche echiche n'akk d ka onwe ya ma b izugbe ime mm
Contribuu a millorar

Text original

Nigeria egosi internally.

XXII. Egosiputa bch iji Monadologie.
Synechologische ele monadological-abgh.
Site fd ebe nd Monadologie yiri nn hineinzutreten n'bch echiche; n'ihi na
bgh iji Day View,-agafe wa dum na-aga aga ka, na-adgh t Monadologie niile
d myiyi ihe nke wa iche echiche ike na; ma a ga-enwe mmetta d ukwuu d iche
n'etiti ab, na e mere naan ub d iche iche, dabere ma otu bch ele nd mb gua
naan n'ime akk ihe mere eme nke nk ihe mma nke Monadologie d ka ma
nke Leibniz, Herbart na-anchi anya na a n'echiche nke Lotze, a na nso nso hr d
abgh anya n achikota. Dika nke-mbu mb mere, ebe any ga-akp nan nd izugbe
akk nke nkwekrta, bgh ihe d iche iche mgbanwe, n'okpuru nke Monadologie
n'akparamagwa nd k ihe mma echiche.
All isi ihe d iche n'etiti Monadologie any ibido ptara site Monadologie, site
n'bch n'uche b na nd Monadologie d n'otu nke nsh ka mfe nke dd nke wa
ihe na Day iche na kenkwukorita mmekrta otu agbat na m b monadological weere
ka obere akwa d ka synechologische. The Monadologie efu dr gaba n'ime ebe nd
edumbet-esi na-elekta ihe niile eke na-eme n'wa ma b bna d nn banyere
nyere n'kala otu cross-nsh Ot d, n'bch echiche d ot ah nwere
ntala. Nile nke mmad nsh ina maka Monadologen na a mgbe na br; n'ihi na
b ezie na ya monads na metaphysical ntule bgh na ihe onwunwe ihe kwuru na ya,
locates ya ma na nd d ot ah maka experiential chptara na inyo m enyo, na
nyochaworo ya na-egosipta a d mfe mgbe ka oche nke mkpr obi mmad na
br mmad. N'ihi na bch na-ele, Ot d, m mmad esmde edo n'elu a
mgbagwoju mettara arsi r ike ihe nke br, nke ah b, d ka conditionality nke
a. The Chineke nsh mgbe Monadologie bna site a chi ma b n'ikpeaz na
okwu na ha n'ezie na-ebe a ka furu efu, etinyere naan na a isi ihe nke wa; mgbe
bch echiche, ya eruo ihe nile ihe nke wa. N'akk ah nd Monadologie si
accruing ka ya onwe ya ga-ekwe omume sensuous dd na wa n'elu mmad na m
anman si na-anabata, dgh eji, na-akw kp isi ala nye Kama nke ah, b nd
Kantian kpr,-apgh mata amata ihe d na uche mmad gabiga, ma b na-ede
monads banyere any na m anman-na chchr nsh, na-ah naan na-ehi ra
mkpr obi nime ya na-adgh echegbu onwe. Megide ihe Day nke-ele ndt nke onu
any na-eche ihu sensory l di n'of any na onye z na-ewuli on o.
-Abata m na-anchi anya kpr synechologische nd monadological n'elu ikpeaz
akk fd nke m atm tiori na (site na ihe ahr anya akk) na 37th na 45th
ngalaba nke ab nke m, nd nke psychophysics, ma na nke ikpeaz ebe (S. 526)
formulated nn mkpmkp "nd isi edo na mfe e jiktara ya na a na-ah manifold,
na ikpkidem manifold-ewe ebe uche na-edo, d mfe, ma dgh ihe z mfe kara
n 1) ma b n'z nd z. na uche edo na mfe na-resultants nke an ah di iche
iche, an ah dgas iche iche b edo ma b mfe maara ihe gbasara mm
resultants. " bna n'z nd z (n'okpuru nwetakwuo nkwa): ". The spirit, mkpr
obi b kpr nke na-ejik nd ah nzuk a na disassembly usoro"

l)

The uche edo na Easy b Ama remotely na-akwanyere gw d ka n'otu na ya

onwe ya ka na-ejik a distinguishable tt, n'ihi ma mata nke njik ma b
na-ejik nsh na-abstracted d ka ihe d mfe, d ka na-ele d n'otu nke
mm, d n'otu nke a nwere ike kwa a echiche ma b echiche, ot d, nd
d ok mfe na-agnye bla a na-achpta tt ihe, na na mmewere nke
njik, ma bgh ihe nd z na-ejik ihe d mfe b ihe a d mfe da, agba, isi
sensashion mee ihe at.

Site n'ahmah n'akk ma m nwere abamuru nke kpr synechologischen isi ihe
d ka eson pta h (Elem. II. 349). Monadological a mgbe n br any ga-ab naanara nd frasi niile af ofufo ije na irighiri akwara converge na niile sensory irighiri
akwara, n'otu oge a mgbe, na mbibi ya ma b ya na gburugburu ebe obibi na-dara
mkpr obi nke nd; nd d ot ah a mgbe a na-agagh ah, mgbe a kpr nke
mmegwara onodi kwekr ekwek akk br b na echiche uche armr, nile
nke aka nke gezwungensten okwu na--tgharr monadological; Ot d ihe a nile
nwere ike ghtara synechologisch na nd kas eke z ya ma kwaa. Otu b eziokwu
nke phenomena nke divisible m anman. "Na ab halves nke br, any chere
na o mfe, na yiri ihe nke ma retinas any na-ah nan kas d mfe echiche b na tt
nd mejuptara elee br any na a nn tt ihe mejuptara usoro ;. The mfe h
ma b da sensashion e jiktara ya na Filiks ke any, nd ma na ya ga-n'z fd
na-oscillatory dd d ka obi t na ba mpga Oszillationsvorgnge-enwegh any
d iche dt n'ebe onye bla na-ad na oscillations. na indescribably iche iche d
mfe s uto sensations ga psychophysically-ab nnchiteanya ma br na any
abgh mfe resultants d iche iche mejuptara chr h Filiks na nke d iche iche ruo
eru maka a mejuptara. "
Ka any kwuo banyere nd hr d Monadologie nke elegh anya mb nke nat
ya a ma ama komeeti beech (l. Ed. (. 1872. p 320 ma b Coursework. Abh. B 338)
yiri t na-enwegh ya ma mmepe nke ha gasiri site Hartmann n'akwkw ya "ozizi
evolushn o. Standp. d. Physiol.", wdg na Hackel enwetela n'akwkw ya
"Perigenesis nd plastidules 1876" na-anchi anya 2) . zkwa ikekwe Hartmann, nd
Hackel b naan soro ya echiche jiktara na meptara d ka onwe ha nke nat
eme ka mba nd doro anya banyere ya.
2)

omenala nd r nche jiktara elu adgh emet ha n'ah na steeti ngaghar

nke m irighiri akk ka ngws ya ma na mmekrta nke ihe ab m
irighiri akk a chr, nke nwere ike ka na-na obi ab ma monadological
kar ab d iche sensations n'ihi na otu onye na nd z na atm ma b
synechologisch naan a mmetta maka usoro ab statuiert. Na nke bla,
b nn ihe synechologisch na-ad kpamkpam nke na anya ma b nd na-esi
nke Monadologie ya ga-anchi ya na gw eluigwe na ala a eluigwe na ala,
n'ihi na nke sensations ihe t na ihe mgbu na-anchi anya motifs, ihe echiche
nke b eziokwu na bch ah anya b ezie na psychophysical ihe nke obi
t na ihe mgbu onwe ha (na t. XV na XVIII) si m z kara ka site

omenala ojii.

Nke a hr d Monadologie na-ewe ya, na m irighiri akk nd d na steeti

ngaghar, akpan akpan ma jijiji na-ekwu - ka kpamkpam oyi atm ma siwing bgh elementr sensations na-egbo, nke na steeti a nke ngaghar (ghara ihe d n'ime echiche
nke wa ma b n'ime onwe preservations ka na- Leibniz ma b Herbart)
nghta. Mgbe nke ah gasr, onye bla d mfe atm n'onwe ya a d mfe mkpr obi
ma b d iche na nd d ot ah a isiokwu, nke agabiga vibration nke atm na adgh
emet ha n'ah. N'agbanyegh ihe nd mb d nke Monadologie doo echiche a na-a
ngwakta okpukpe nke d mfe cha na-obi nile,, ma na-ewe n'ihi nd a nkwas
n'elu ha nnchianya ka ha na echiche nke Chineke nan iji n'kpa otu ihe mejuptara
mkpr obi na-enwegh na-agh doro anya ihe mere na dgh onye namejuptara maka nke wa dum. Banyere kpr nke ot a keukwu mmata si n'aka
onye maara ihe gbasara mm cha n'ime eke, e nwere nd mba doro anya ma b
kpmkwem nkwa. Hartmann akp n'mma nke a tt nd mejuptara mkpr obi
d ka a nkwubi onu; n nkwubi ezuru ya nn, ka a akara-eguzogide interrupts; ot a
ekewap nsh; naan otu ebube b nke akara eguzogide echegbu onwe any banyere
n'ihi na vibrations site atm na-atm amara g kwa na wa dum. Hackel eji kwa
okwu nkwubi ma nke pr kpata, ma ozizi ya, br na onye pr ikwu okwu nke
nd d ot a na ya, b nd d mfe tt nd chere na br na bekee ya nd mejuptara
nke a na-akp. Plastidules 3) mee ka agaghi asu ihe carbon nd kas mkpa b
lebensbedingende nke mere na ngalaba nke na ebe nchekwa na-kpr, nke ka
nenwegh mfe atm mkpr obi ya na nke mb tupu a na-eme na elu mkpr obi
n'gb.
3)

N'okpuru plastidules aghta Hckel na m irighiri ihe nke mfe, dgh

estidem iche-eweta onwe ya na ntule d ka Monera, onye umi na-akp
Plasson. N'ihi na iche nke PIastidule bilie m irighiri na cell ntala, na nke
na-etolite a na-akp otu gburugburu protoplasm. Kokkomodule na
Plasmodule).

Fundamentat now yiri ka m na-eso emegidegh a dum tr ime ya.

A urughuru ike n'onwe ya nku, dgh ihe z na-agnye (nakwa d ka omenala nd
r nche emesi) ab na reciprocally aka ga-ag. Ya mere nwaa oscillation ptara
sensashion, nke mere na mb nwere ike ime ma nd sensashion naan n'ime usoro. Ma
pkwara inwe usoro na ab (ma b bna ihe) sensashion. N'ihi na urughuru b
naan agbanweghi agbanwe d ka a na-egosigwara site na ya vibration na mbara; d ka
mfe ya bna enwegh n'ime ime, b ebe nd mgbanwe site vibration onwe ya, ihe
nke mere si malite na usoro nke sensashion enwegh ike tie. Man chr ma ka naekwe omume ime ka a kpr nke r nke iche echiche site n'z an. Oleezi ot ike
ihe n'uche, mgbe an ah akwkw na-angide n'otu.
N'adgh ka usoro nke ab ah. Ebe a any nwere bla z na positional

mgbanwe nke ah, s na mgbanwe nd na-rapidity nke ndi mgbanwe nd emee,

estidem iwu nke usoro, ihe nwere ike chere na nke na iwu mmekrta guzobere na
mgbanwe na adgh emet ha n'ah. br na ihe karr ab ah n'ebe ah, n'ihi ya,
nd a mmeghar abuana entanglement site interrelationship nke ah z na nd z na
ike si ot na-enye a na-akwado na-ajwanye mgbagwoju anya gg isi
rzuru. Mgbe nke ah gasr, Ot d, nd sensations na-eme ka tt nd mejuptara
vibrations na positional mmekrta, ka na-ahuta ka a okwu maka ibu usoro na ele
mmad anya n'ihu na usoro, ma bgh d ka a okwu nke na-agbanweghi agbanwe
adgide adgide n'otu n'otu ihe onwunwe ihe angide nke utu indifferent umi ebe a.
Ugbu a, onye nwere ike n'echiche nke na-abgh echiche s: ma br na bgh
atm, ma ya oscillation ma nwere obi, na nke a, bgh ka atm, na adgh emet ha
n'ah pr inweta. The atm b naan nd indifferent support ukporo maka any. Nwee na d ka ogologo ma na-agnye bla vibration a n gg n mgbanwe nke
gbapr s, i nwere na ot a na-ewuli onwe ya a d mfe psychological oge, nd d
mfe sensashion, ka a dgas iche iche nke an ah oge, na p na ya bna site
temporal n'akk na synechologische anya n'ime.Si z nkeji iri na ise na-adgh
mma kwara ot elu na ike iche echiche phenomena e nwere ike mere site nkwubi
onwe ha viable na myiyi sensations nke onye-edebe oge; mm abgh nan nke a
nchikota nke onye sensory sensations; Ya mere, kpr nke contagion psychological
mmetta a ka ukwuu nke m irighiri akk ma a ga-ekwe, n'ihi ya, na-aba na site
z nkeji iri na ise na synechologische echiche, ma ugbu a nd monadological kpr
doo l.
Mgbe synechologischer echiche now dum ihe onwunwe wa b mgbe a usoro
gbanwe aka vibrations na ukwuu bara mmeghar ekpebi-amalite na-ekwu mpga
phenomena na ebutere Partialsystemen, na ihe nkws nke AC emee n'etiti nke
chr na-a nhazi ngwe adgh ad. Nke a b a wa na a coherent n'onwe ya nwere
gg isi dnaya na ihe ndepta nke a dnaya, b nke na dd nke ihe n'wa, d
ka ogologo d ka mgbanwe mkpebi siri ike na daptara na-aga n'ihu mmeghar nwere
ike na-d d iche iche na magnitudes, eziokwu nke nbata-uz-ya na 11 Ngalaba d ka
egwu na-akp tlere r distinguishing d iche iche echiche ebe. N'z d ot a, ma
bgh na n nkwubi na concatenation nke onye atm mkpr obi, nke a na etre ebe a
na-site USB eguzogide, na-az obe n'elu wa dum Synechologie bch echiche.
Ha na-ekwu: br na bgh onye ihe onwunwe ihe inwohnte psychic ike, d ka
kwesr ha mejuptara d ot ah aba; pr nn b naan a mejuptara nke
sensashion aj omume, soulless. Ma onye na-echefu na ihe nd mejuptara onwe ya
nwere ike mere nan site alo nke ihe hr, nke na-eme ihe karr a mere nchikota nke
ihe si na ya. b ezie na a sensashion ike ibili si Nsogbu ah, ma si malite na oge
gbasara ohere mmekrta nke m irighiri akk ah onwe ha adgh edebe oge,
guzosie ike site na iwu, na-enwegh inwe ike iru na onye atm.
Emekwa ike ad na onye Zweies echiche nke otu, ot bgh ike na itinye uche
manifold Simple; ma nke ah adgh ekwu na nd synechologische anya mgbe naekwu na nd isi Simple agnye a ikpkidem ukwuu. Isi ihe ndabere nke a mmekrta
Ot d, mgbe a nke mmezi echiche nke mmekrta d n'etiti ahu na nkpuru obi,

ikwu okwu nke z (Nkebi XXI), na-mesa h na eziokwu na ihe d ya onweakwkw, ie d ka Mental, d nn a mfe eme, ma agbasa mmetta na wa gbara ha
gburugburu, na-eme ya z ya ad na-ekpughe, na ot na-enye ya mettara onu nke
externally ana ahutakari an ah chktara. The psychophysicist ma mkpa n'oge a
abstrusity ma br na chr ka nwere ya, bgh na-, ma ike ga-ekpe nd k ihe
mma synechologische View definition nime ya.
XXIII. Spiritualistic 1) .
(Position nke Day maka spiritualism. Position nke spiritualism na okpukpe.
Personal okwu.)
l. nd nke Day maka spiritualism.
Anatara nwere ike agaghkwa ad nke spiritualism mgbe niile, d mkpa inye otu
echiche na kwa ya. b ezie na, d ka ogologo oge na-ejide echiche n'ihe nd naadgh emetta ajj nke spiritualism, ya mere nchegbu banyere ya; ma Day b ihe
karr nan d na-emetta.
l)

Nke ah m ga-izute nd na-eson echiche ma Antispiritisten spiritualists, m

maara; nd nke mb na-eme, n'ihi na m na-eme na-aghta spiritualistic
eziokwu, nke ikpeaz b, n'ihi na m na-amas dd na akporo nke otu na otu
uche megide nd me ka ebe site spiritualists,-eweda n'ala. E nwere ugbu a nd
z kara spiritualists na Antispiritisten ka a d anya party-erugh ege nt nke
nwere ike gakwuru, na e wezga omiiko ahuhu nza, na onye a na-akparta ka
karr otu ebe b omume site na ma ruo ugbu a dgh onye, ma na a ebughi
uche , nwere ike kwuru na-nn d cha; na d ka a okwu nke mkparta ka a
na m, onye nwere ike iwe nd na-eson echiche. - Spiritualism na-aghta na a
sara mbara uche na quintessential-akp spiritualism ..

Si ele ihe anya nke otu now m na-ekwu dum spiritualist ebe b nke n'chchr
akk nke wa; ma wa dgh ihe d nj na-eji ya nkt si na otu. Naan onyinyo d
nj ch iji gosi h bna mgbe etbede n'ime ya whimsical distortions na
n'bch. Ma kama ngide na foto, any na tricky ihe ya, N'ezie, itinye aka na
mmetta uche na a ebu akw.
The spiritualist ga-as na site n mmalite: i nyere unu a otutu enwegh isi nsogbu
(V. 5 na nke Iri na At), iji gosi na nd n'wa a ma na-ewu; ugbu a b eziokwu na e
nwere ghosts nke nd mgbe a nwsr, site na ha d bna ptara na maara na iso ha
na ozugbo.
Ka e were ya na b n'ezie ot ah, gn nchikota ayi chm ihe karr na spiritualist
ahmah na-enye nkwenye natara? Na na-adgh n'ezie? N'ezie, any na-ekiri anya,
any na-ekweta na spiritualistic ahmah bgh nan n'ozuzu kamakwa atmat nd d
mkpa, ozizi nd Day nke nd a na-d ka nd d ot ah: na nwoke gbara ama n'wa a
nke a wa nke otherworldly mm, na na ha b nd a n'ime ihe nd a mm n n'wa
nd na a echiche okporo z (Jehovovch. V.5.), na mm nke nd nd mgbe a

nwsr na-agaghkwa agb n'otu gbasara ohere mgbochi kara n'ot akuku, na ha ma
na-enwegh anya ya na nt, a ozokwa -eru nghta d ka any na-kwesr, na bna na
aga an ah d (Wezuga bna n'wa a n'ime) na-egosi na ha na-enwe ike
(Jehovovch. V.5. na XII), ma na n'ihe nile nke d ad na ime ihe nke a mm ejikari
ot any a-wa ad na ya legalities kpara na a na ebubo, na any enwegh oge,
n'okpuru nkt nd, na-eche echiche nke ugbu a na-n'ime egwu na-akp ihe
otherworldly spirit ererimbot n'ime any nwere n'wa wa. bna tupu okwu
spiritualism echepta ozizi a b site n'omume na at nd yiri nkata ihe Day echiche na
ab odide 2) nsogbu. Obi ta mmiri a hr ngidere na-ezi nd spiritualistic eziokwu
meptara, na ukem ini nke ma nd isi ihe nwere ike ime ka ma nd na-ekwu dgh
ihe z na ihu ma nke eziokwu.
2)

D n'Akwkw Nta v. Life nd nw na 1836 nke at akk nke Zenavesta

1851st
Ugbu a, n'ezie, spiritualism meworo ka h na-adgh z h na ozizi ma na
eziokwu; mgbe nke mb jr ma br na e nwere nd na eziokwu, na Nke abuo, ma
ha matara d ka nd d ot ah, megidere na ozizi, bgh kama na insofar z nso, d
ka ha jiktara aka na-etolite na, nke Day anya n mkpr anya, nkt nd n'etiti ebe
a na nd na-ndiiche-esi mee ka ihe ah b na bgh tinye any d ka nti-akwanyere
gw, iwu, n'ihi na nd a b onwe ha abstracted naan site na nkt nd. Na e M naamanye anabata eziokwu na obima, n'ihi ya, nke ikpeaz b echiche m jide ya, nke
b nke ukwuu nkwa nyere otu si iwu ka any mara, d ka otu akk nke ha
Nichterklrbarkeit wuru na ya.
Mgbe spiritualist akk na-onye ogbugbo ya a na-akp. kara otherworldly mm
na-ezisa onwe ha d ka nd d ot ah, bgh naan site na me pp, psychographs
ma na ike mmetta nke media-amara g kwa bna site ke ngutali na audible okwu
abgh nan anya, kamakwa ahap chere (na-akp. materialization phenomena)-egosi
na-adgide adgide mmetta kara na-ah anya na nd gbara kprkp na
okike. bna na-enwegh anya nn ya na-weliri ya nkt ihe, tub, ike ga-kewapr
na-enwegh a gw, na-atba, pushing aka na-ahr, ot bna r na-emepta, nke
nwere n'ime-operation nke nd agha si an akk nke ohere. Na ka na-Echefukwala
itinye na a nile, bna unglaublichst translucent-ya nile, ogosiri nwaptaworo na nd
kas uchu, were n'r na-echegbu onwe unu anya, kwuru rigorous na-eme nnyocha,
b nd tt n'ime, ma br na bgh ihe niile bakwutere ya na ihe nd kas
kpebiri j ikwere na mpaghara ebe a, 3) . Mgbe n'z nd z njehie na-ahr ihe
n'ezie, onye bla zuru ezu, kpmkwem na nchoputa, any ga-as: nd z na b
na-akwanyere nd spiritualistic eziokwu, nd z fd ka nwere nd n d ka nd naahuta-egosi ikpe kara bgh site ghgbu onwe ka na -gr explainable wayo ; na
na-agbanwe ihe bla n'ime ebe a na emewo kwa ka ha erugh eru kwuru na ptara
wayo a na ubi.
3)

E wezga nan na nso nso-kwukwara kwuru nke German na-eme nnyocha,

ihe ona utu "Wissensch. Unters." tnyere na-eso na dgh. 3 nke nkebi nke a
okwu ole na ole, m na-ezo ebe a iji na kwuru insbesondre na British na-eme
nnyocha, d ka Crookes, Wallace, Huggins, Varley, niile, nd t nke

Royal. SoC. ka London. bna nd k mmta sayens nd chch n na

Russia na America nwere ike kwuru. The confirmatory kwuru site laymen, e
nwere tt ihe, nke tt a anam ma a obi ike, dkwa echiche. The ebe b na
1874 kwa nwa "psychological mm" (Leipzig, Mutze) aha l, tt n'ime
ihe na -aba a na ubi karsa German- na English n'akk h

Agbanyegh, m na-eche mgbe niile na dgh mkpa ido usoro iwu ihe, na o naspiritualistic phenomena na-agnah ihe bla, Ot d mkpa ido ahr anya ihe
mere mata eziokwu nke nd d ot ah phenomena, b ezie na m na nke a mmanye
akpan akpan na-akwanyere nd na-akp. Materialization phenomena na bla
gbasara ya, tinye na ekweghiekwe 4) . A ntala ma maka Day m nwere ike naspiritualism lefuru anya, na bna na-ah naan ihe ambiguous enyemaka ya.
4)

nwere ikweta na ebe a na e nwere region onye phenomena na-adgh

explainable nke kpr ka any mara otu ugboro, ga-amagbu onwe ya; a gaprinziplos-agbal iji chpta k nke ihe b omume d ka amagh kpr, na
ihu ma na bgh, n'ihi na hatie eyride si mfe spiritualistic eziokwu na otu
onye nwere ike j, na-enwegh ike kwa ha site Crookes ( Mental stud.
Mpakta), aka na n'akara nd nat, wdg, wdg, d ka ihe ji na-enwegh Mkpa
k si amba gw ojii na nd Atlantic Telegraph, na nke echiche na-agba s ka
gb eluigwe na mm site ugbu a na mgbe ah n'akk ok osimiri , N'ezie,
improbability nke spiritualist materialization phenomena b ludicrous site n
mmalite, ma n'ikpeaz angide megide "obi j" nke hr eziokwu. Iji kpee
ikpe, otu ga-N'ezie mara akwkw banyere ya.

Ozugbo nke anman na ihe mere na spiritualism ekweghi-ekwe ma-okosobode ke

widest okirikiri, na ga-ab nzuk mix na n'ihe banyere okwukwe bch echiche
na-enyo enyo dd nke eziokwu, Nke abuo, si nn mkpa kar b ihe mere eme ihe
na-ada echiche nke nd mgbe a nwsr na ya mmekah wa a na-apgh eweptara
ndiiche okporo z nd n'etiti ab. ma na-ekwu okwu n'ihi na ndiiche agwa nke
spiritualist ije n'etiti nd mgbe a nwsr na nd a nd d ka nd a.
bgh nan na uma-site-e wezga nwekwara kwekr na nke a kr akk ya
onwe ya kwa se, na steeti na gw nke spiritualistic phenomena mediating media
n'oge spiritualistic ngosipta z ma b na-erugh b ndiiche, nd z (na
spasmodic twitching ruo kara ma b zuru amagh onwe) dabere ebube ngosipta
d; usoro mgbasa ozi na-enwe n'ozuzu wakporo ha, na tt ikpe b elegh anya ha
j usoro mgbe nile nke itule. . Ihe otherworldly mm, na-akp Nd Mm,-eme ma
b ihe otu a na-ewere ga-eme, n'ihi na na-ad na onodu nke anya okwu nke gg
isi, nke a maara n'z nd z na-egosi enwegh isi iyi, na-abkar naan ihe efu ma
b sillier Spooky; weliri tebl, oche, sofas, bedsteads br agbanwe, crazy, gbajiri
ma si ot agabiga iwu ah kagburu, crazy, agbajikwa na contested nd
otherworldly-ach Ihe kwesr nd na herewith, rue kr m n'of na-eme otu ihe

ah.A nchikta spiritualistic agha ka a fr bara uru r r b m ihe mma dgh

ma mere, tt nd nkt ike ngosipta nke mm egosi mgbe fd, ot na-enwegh
isi na stunt yiri ha apta n'otu oge. Site kwa na ihe nile nke Mm ak aka, dee naekwu okwu, ma dgh ego, pta any elu ma b akk ihe mere eme ihe mma
ebe.
Nakwa d ka pr ugbu a d nn aga, m akwa m nd nd na spiritualistic
eziokwu na h na-aba n'etiti ebe a na karr, d ka m nwere ike gagh enyere nd d
ot ah d ka egwuregwu ikweta na nke a, scooped site na-eson si n'wa a bna
ntnyere, nke m wee s, n'oge nile nke izi soro nd, ngide na-ezi na-kpr, bgh
nke ukwuu d ka a causal na pta si mgbasa na nkwalite na-ah anya na otosr iru
nke n'of discontinuation nke nd wa a otu ihe ah. Nd a nwere ike ugbu a d
nn ka mma dabeere na ndiiche d ka nkt mmekah nke wa a.
E nwere iwu ah ike ime mm nd na any, ma ha na-agbajikwa mgbe
fd. Ncheta gg, z mgbe e cheptara echepta gg, mgbe fd na-enweta
ike nke sensuous eziokwu, ma na-akp gba, n'ghagbu n'gb nke echiche n'ime
ya. Any na-akp ya m anya ar nr, echiche efu; mgbe ha n na crazy na
mmeghar ah na-anagh protrude na-erugh site na iwu ma n'ah ma n'uche ike nd,
ejikr. b na-adgh mma mmekrta d n'etiti nd nta nke wa a na ihe any na ihe
ngosi na ebe nchekwa nd ama n'akk a d nta any spirit bear (Nkebi V.5 na
XII ..); Ya mere, na-anchi aka tghar uche, na-na-ekwe omume nke echiche d
ot ah n'etiti nnukwu wa a na n'ozuzu spirit emi ma na-agnye n'otu oge ah na
nzube nke Day; naan na ga na-eme naan ka a ele mmad anya n'ihu dda. Nwere
ike bgh eziokwu n'ime ya mgbe fd ime ghosts na mm kediegwu formations
nke nd na ike nke an eziokwu na wa a na-ekwe omume nke ndiiche mmeghar
jik na-ekwe omume nke ndiiche phenomena onwe ha? Ma br na e nwere ihe
nke d, b a ruru, nke nwere ike abughi ns ns ma b nd ebe a na nd; j
na-anchi ka okwukwe okpukpe d, ga-enwe ihe bla z nke na-adabere, site na
nke ime ka e nwee; ma jiri obi t na-eji nnyonye anya nke nd na-wont-eso legalities
ike nd na ihe nd d na na karr onwe ya na ganihu nke ihe mma na-na-at, ya
az. Naan ike n'az a kpmkwem az ime ihe fd otu adgh ah, na ra nwere
nd d ot ah ike a nri nke ngaghar. Nwere obere, n'ezie, ka aha eziokwu nke ra na
otu, d ka iwu ga-ah otu, nke dr n'otu ah ike n'okpuru z n'ozuzu akk, ruo
ugbu a, nd na-ahap ubi nke spiritualism chta ot obere na-eguzogide, na- -aghta
naan eziokwu nke spiritualism, b ihe kwere nghta.
The physiology pr mta site n'm banyere ra, na akparamaagwa nke
pathology nke mm ns ihe; naan ka nd nke mb anagh ach kwara nke
ikpeaz, na insofar amta site na ya, d ka ha na-am ot ihe ah na uche ekwesgh
b. N'nd nd yiri ya b ile mmekrta d n'etiti wa a na spiritualism.
Tupu oge e weere fr obere ihe niile na-adanye n'ime nke d gburugburu
spiritualistic phenomena - n'ihi na na-enwegh aha-egwuri d ot ah mgbe niile a r
- n'ihi na r ma b ekwensu delusions na k nke bu madu onye ogbugbo d ot
ah phenomena, now na-akp media, d ka nd amoosu ma b kachamara
mmalite. Na doro anya na nwere ya a nri mmuo, ma n'otu oge ah na-ah ikwubiga

okwu k. bna taa Antispiritisten h ihe kpatara mgbaas na nke d nway,

agaghkwa na-ach ka nd media k, ma ihe karr na ha na-ghtara d ka onye
aghgh na t k mmta na ike ga-ghgburu ha, kama a ekwensu okpu onye-nzuzu
okpu on. N'ezie, nwere ike b kwa ike condemnations nke spiritualism abgh isi ihe
d ka eson na-ekwu.
Strangely, na-eche ihe bla na sances ugbu mgbe ha na-gburugburu Geisterspuk,
ma site ghosts egwu, nke elegh anya onye bla maara esi gboo ya nile; Kama
nwere na kas ebube iberibe na-eme ka mm, d nn chere na n d na a sleight
Bude. zkwa, na-ar r n'ozuzu nn adgh emer nd mm. Ha mgba okpuru
bla iwe na a na-amakwa jijiji si n'of; ukwuu n'ime ha iyi ihe na-enye ntrnd na
fun,-aghgbu nd n ihe ma b kwaso ha site na spiritistisch omenala iga
ntrnd; ha agagh ankwa, ot otu onye b n'aka na, mgbe onye ah na smart ma
b nzuzu d ka iso. Nn n'ozuzu, ha na-enye onwe ha nwee mmas kwalite
spiritualism ghta, ikwu okwu nke ya d ka nke a ihe na-nwere ok n'dnihu, naenye onwe ha n'af ofufo ka a gosiptara nwere maka ya, Ot d, ha na-megide Obi
Ab na deniers-aggh ok na-ekiri. Ihe niile na-ada ma ugbu a,-nn chch mata
na-enyo any enyo; Ot d onye pr iche na ihe d ok nj na ak na uche na-ekiri
ihe a na ubi ka d nso na ahha nke ana enyo enyo megide d, d ka nd na-abgh
ekiri, nke na-edi site na-enyo enyo otu nke ji ihe na ha anwo na kamakwa na-n'ihi
ha. ma Ihe na-egosi ekwe omume, ihe niile na-as nd on kpachaara anya
aghgh na akk nke usoro mgbasa ozi ma b m anya ar nr nke na-ekiri
ihe. Agbanyegh, ya mere ihe bla ikpe na-ekwu okwu n'z na-eme ka sances,
megide a enyo gw ha enyo na otu; na br na m nwere ike tinye na ah ike nke
media site na nd d ot ah nzuk, ma br na ha na-adgh ikwubiga okwu k,
adgh ka adigide na-ata ahh - ezie na ka na-ga-ach a nso zusehens - ya mere yiri
ka kwuru na nnwale na ubi nke spiritualism na nk mmta sayens mkpebi siri ike
nke ya ihe mere eme na nd site appointee bgh ihe j, na bna dgh onye
pr mgbe a ga-enyo enyo mgbe ohere daptaran na aka chptara a na ubi ka naetolite echiche nke ha banyere ma b chkwa ikpe nke nd z. Banyere ihe nd a
na nzube kamakwa erigbu spiritualism mere af ojuju chch mata ihe, mgbe niile
kwesr ngide na a otutu onwe g.
Spiritualists onwe ha nkwa na mgbaas nwere a dnihu na-eme n'dnihu bna
kar ihe si spiritualism. ma m na-ele na-achsi ike maka dnihu abgh nke ukwuu a
n'ihu mmepe nke spiritualism karr nan na-achta ya n'ezie na clarifying ya
mmekah; n'ihi na rue spiritualism na-anya merela agadi, na ihe mma nweela site
ya naan otu ihe ilu onye n'ihu n'ihu ga na o siri ike inye aka idozi ya, omume ma
mgbe ndibh ihe bla n'akuku ya, wot 'agagh m, ihe atmanya ha meriri site ya
ga-.
. Nke mb b ezie na-enye nd na-eson echiche b ka anya d ka ass ama ma e
meptakwara, e nwegh nd nwere gg isi mmekah n'etiti nd mmad, ha apgh
gwa onye bla z, nd d ka ruo taa kaa akara n'ebe obibi; ot na-emeghe ha naegwuri now; b nan na ot emeghe ha chr na-egwuri. Ya mere, dighi okporo
z n'etiti wa na otherworldly mm tupu Mgbaas nyere n'iwu ass ptara ime ot
ah; ugbu a ka d, na-aba n'ihu bla ugbu a na mgbe ah na ah nwr anw nne

na nna na ha ekpe n'az m ba, otherworldly na a-enyi nke uwa ekele onye bla
z, na-ach wa eme nnyocha na otherworldly iwu na-ah. Ma nke a b nan
mmalite, d ka b, a mb babbling n'ihi dum mgbaas b ka malitere hr; ma
br na ma ga-aba na ya unstoppable nta nke nta pta na spiritualist ass n'etiti wa
a ma n'otu mmepe d ka nd d ot ah bkwa okporo z n'etiti a-wa na
otherworldly mm d ad taa ass m mmad na wa a nd ah ugboro ugboro,
na-ad mfe na meptara d ka b ugbu a n'etiti nd wa mm, na iputa a d ka ma
chr ileta inwetara na nkwalite nke nd na ab nke ya.
Ma gn mere na niile ma br na mgbaas b onyinye, ihe na-enye spiritualists,
nke ptara a nzkw-at nd d n'wa na nkwa. Ma bgh ya, Ot d, mgbe otu
nhata, nke m jide ya, ha na mmepe ga-at egwu kama akwalite. Nwere Day na ya,
b naan nd nkt mmekrta d n'etiti wa a na-ach anya mara, ya mere na ike iche
echiche okporo z ka intervening bgh nan na aka nke a na nke a-nke wa na-aj
na-echere b kama, dghkwa mgbe nso, na wa -eme spirit ya property, nke
nwekwara nwe otherworldly spirit 5) b; na Zwischeneinschiebung na-aj, kama naeke aha naan nwere ike iduzi ya naan site na ziri ezi, na br na bgh sghar
niile na a na-eduhie eduhie uwa, ma-akpali na aghgh cha site nd site na iju n'etiti
okwu adghkwa cha n'wa a nwere ike na-egosi site na.
5)

Site d. Bchl. v. Leb. n. nw nke S. 8 f.

"N'oge d nd, onye bla na-etolite na mmetta ya n'ime nd z site okwu,

at, na ide ma b n'omume. bna d ka Goethe biri, tt nde so mee
Mitlebende Edemede uche ya n'onwe ya, nke biiri k elu hr k, ama biri
nd d ka Napoleon, gbara ume ya iche echiche ike na tt nd wa
gburugburu otu; mmadu na uto nke a, oku site na otu onye ka ha nile; nwr d
ka ma nd a alaka nke nd, ha kewapr na dkr nd n'wa nwr, bgh
na, naan akw gbala odudu nke hr alaka ah pr. re-akp, nd e
Cheptara eme ugbu a na ihe h ibi, nke any, n'ezie bgh ka e ahr, nsh,
kara tupu mb ha ntoputa Z. ma Goethe, a Schiller, a Napoleon, a Luther
nd n'etiti ayi, na any d ka nd a nwee obi ike, na-ama elu kara meptara na
nw ya, na-eche na any na-eme, echiche gbara kprkp wee na-emepe
emepe mmad n'otu n'otu, agaghkwa tr at a warara aru, ma-aspta site na
wa, ha mere n'oge nd, t, adkwagh, na anya-agbal iru eru na ya onwe on
mmetta any na-enwe n'ime ha. "
"Ihe kas at nke a mm d ike,-ah anya nd on ke m m na-aga n'ihu naar r, any nwere n'ime Krast abgh ihe efu okwu Christ ebi na ya naekwuptara mmehie ;. bla ezi Christian eburu ya abgh nan e, ma n'ezie
nd n'onwe ya ; bla nwere ya so na-eme omume ya nwee uche ziri ezi naeche, n'ihi na d nn naan mm nke Krast na-ar r na ya aka a na-eche na
agbasa site dum t nke gbak ya na ihe nile nghta site na mm ya n,
d ka apl site. alaka nke a nje, d ka osisi van nke a van. "
"" N'ihi na, d ka otu ah, wee otkde tt akk, na madu nile nke otu ah, a
na-tt, b nd ma otu ah, ot ah kwa, a na Christ. " '(L. Cor. 12, 12)

"Ma bgh naan nd kas ukwuu uche, ma kwa nwoke ruru eru nke na-akpte
na-eson wa na a onwe onye na-kere, ozu ah maka nd d ot ah a unit nke
enweghi ngwcha ime mm e kere eke, mmetta, oge n'onwe ya, organism na
izute a buru ibu ma b nta dpr adp ruo, na-enwe ihe ma b obere
development ike , mm nke mmad d ka ngidere na bna mgbe d nd
na ike wee jide. "

Na b ma n'ezie b ot ah, nwere ike akpan akpan adrees nd na-eson jaa ya.
Site n mmalite, otu ga-eche nd mm nke ikere k mgbaas ga-, na-nwere ike
inye nd kas dr nchebe na tt doro nn anya na ozi na nd na nd nke nd
mgbe a nwsr na ha bi. Ma n'ezie na nke a b ot obere banyere ikpe, b ezie na
ha (l onwe ha site na-ak da gua a, 2 n'ihi na b wdg) psychographs, na-ede, na-agwa
onwe g na n'nd fd site n'okwu n uba, na site na nke a n'akk na-a d
n'okike e mere inwe obi ab ma unu nwere ike ime ya na mm nke nd mgbe a
nwsr, ha na-eji nd na-abgh onwe ya ma mara na na naan ihe ha na-eche ma
bgh na, d ka o kwesr ekwes, nke niile nd; nwere gg isi mmad nwere ike
inwe ma nan mgbe ha releases. Ma na-eso z spiritualism ekwupta nke ma na-as
na ebigh ebi akk, nwere obere efu, emegiderta na akk na kediegwu kwuru
banyere nd nke nd, nke b mgbe fd iji nweta si Mm, dgh ihe naewu 6) , na o zie -emekar nke mere na ga-esi ike b otu, nd ebe a d nn mba
z, ala n'z doro anya na-ekwu okwu na okwu nke wa a, na-ma nd mm n'z
d ukwuu achgh nwere ike ime ot ah ma l na ha gafe n'ime ebe d anya a
n'kwa d elu nke gg isi nke rgooro; zkwa, e nwere nd bna ezu Lug- na
aghugh mm n'etiti ha, na-enweta otu n'ime nke N'ezie naan ha agwa na ihe
mma ziri ezi. Ebe b na Ot d ma a ga-abrr na aha na mm nke a ma
ama nd k mmta, k ihe mma na physics, nke mere ihe bla gaara eme ka a
na-aj ajj nn juputara n'uz dnihu ha d ad, na ijide onwe ha data site na
ibe; ma na-amagh m na mere, ma b emewo ka ihe; na onye ga na-eche na
onye okenye si wa ala nd, d ka b otherworldly, n'of nwere ike b ya mere
nn ihe hr bgh site nk Mm Na-myirta na esemokwu d n'etiti mmad
ab okwu, nke b ebe a ma ka na-aghta -ah.
6)

A comparative nchkta nke ugbu a dr mma na mmeghachi nwetakwuo

nkwa banyere mmetta nke nwere ike ime ihe mitbestimmend banyere on otu
ga-ab chr na spiritistischem mmas, ga-eduga ihe bla karr ejigh ihe
n'aka nke ihe nd a niile mma ihe n'ezie na-egosi.

Onwe m, m na-ekwuptara, n'ezie, na ihe m ma nke spiritualistic ozi mgbe niile,

na-emekar nke mere ka m'hu Ya d ka ma br na nd mm arrogated onwe ha
bla mara ma b amagh aha na wa mimicked na ozi na ha na-ag kama site na
ebe a ugbu a, d ka na-eyi si n'of. N'ihi na, b ezie na nke, site na-aj, azza nke
ajj nd na-etinye nd mm, obi ab adgh ya mgbe tt ihe nd z na Andrs

nwere, d ka media ike mata yiri ka ha agakwagh na-esne ke ofri ofri, d ka ajj
ma b mara n nzuk enpresenting; ma br na a jr ajj maka ihe na ha onwe
ha na-amagh, na-enwegh na b nd ka sie ike knowable, nd mm azza ji ma
b anya na-ezigh ezi. D ot ah mere eme b na agbanyegh n'ezie tupu, na gaemetta mta nwa na kwuru n'elu. Ot d Ma kweskwara mgbe fd ime
spiritualist vistas na-adgh ah ga-ab d n'akk a nke nd d nd ma b d ka a
mejuptara kwaa ya site n'g echiche, na kpamkpam on cha b adgh mfe inwe
n'ime ihe.
Nd d nso ka nd na-eson echiche. Ebe b na spiritualistic ngosipta ga-esi
mezuo naan site na mediation nke a wa na-aj, na ike ma ihe nd z mkpr obi,
na-eso n nd spiritualist ike onwe ya, ot ah nwere ike bgh naan na echiche nke
kara onwe ya, ma nke sances ngalaba-venturers on na nd na ozi banyere mman
gbala ma b na-etolite isi mmewere nke nke onye ma na-amta ihe bla doro
anya ma b hr; na bna mmas, d ka ptara h site Mm na nkwalite nke
spiritualism, nwere ike mfe-tgharr ka ptara na dmma nke nd ha na ha naakpakrta n nzuk na-apta h na spiritualistic ozi. fd media ekweta bara nn
Ara n'ihi na nke a ma b na mm; z nd a mm d ka na-ahuta ka nwere nd naaj. Any tnyere nd spiritualist mmekrta d n'etiti wa a na na a d nke ara, d ka
d n'wa onwe ya. Si kpgara nwere ike nakwa ihe bla Zulngliches banyere
nd ha ma e wezga craziness na dgh eziokwu, na-adaberewo mara.
N'ikpeaz nwere ike na-eche echiche nke na-eson ele ihe anya. The somnambulist
na-echeta nke ma ihe e wezga ya somnambulist ala na-aga na ya, ma laghachi na
nd nkt ala adgh ihe mere ya na somnambulists. Ot ah nwere ike ghosts nke nd
mgbe a nwsr mgbe abnormally-alta nd wa a, hap nd doro anya na ebe
nchekwa nke otherworldly nd, ma ugbu a na mfe n'of echiche ma b echiche
efu na nke nd d ot ah play, lapse; na na-ekwu na bgh na ha na-eme na ha reabanye n'wa a agha, nke na-adgh daba nkt wa a, na-aga n'ihu na-, d ka okwu
nke nd d ot ah agha, ma b daba nkt Beyond; n'ihi na bgh na ha ga-juru
ebe nile, ma br na bgh mgbe niile iche n'ebe wa a na nd b.
Ugbu a na-azpta N'ezie nile d ot ah precarious na-adgide adgide guesses
mgbe dum desert kachasi mkpa n'ime spiritualism - na ihe bla z bgh ma mmiri na-achp, na-esi eme nke bla, nke na-adgh biko, obibi ya ; naan otu
onye b eziokwu na i na-eme ya subjectively, bgh anya mgbaas aga.
br na nd mmekrta nke mgbe ona utu dkwa ak kwuru fd, ibuo ya n'z
ziri ezi, s, spiritualistic phenomena n'kpa a an akk nke ohere d, a ga-n'ezie
weere d ka nditm egosi na ya, ot ah ka doro anya na nd otherworldly ad na a
an akk na nwesr a na na nwere ime na-emeghe hr na atmanya iji; ma m naeche na ka na oke ize nd na-aga n'ime a tlere n'isiokwu, nke nwere nd
nnchiteanya nke echiche nke an akk onwe ya ma napr. N'ezie, kwesr ga nke
ma na zulngliche nkwa nke fd n'ime ajj d mkpa nwere (nloghachi hapr
tghara na a kama kpara akpa iche-iche, kwa fd thermal phenomena) ab ma
na-ah anya iji lebara ka dude ekwe omume nke z amma na-akwa otu ihe ah
phenomena nd z d ir , a amma, Ot d, n'ihi ebube nke an akk nke ohere

naan a Andrs, na-enyo enyo ma o yiri r ebube ga-ewere 7) . Onwe m, m naekwuptara na site a mgbak na mwep d ka metaphysical akk n'ezie ukwuu naakpali ajj nke an akk nke ohere maka onwe m ot anya ma a priori ma
empirically zuru ezu kpebiri chta, ya mere ga-eme enwegh ihe z ngwa ngwa ka a
z Inbetrachtnahme otu ajj a ghara si n'ozuzu si ele ihe anya nwere ike nweta
bch ele nkwa, ma b ya mkpebi na otu onye ma b n'echiche z na ihe nd a
chr lr akpr ebe a akk nke echiche a itinye onu budata-agbanwe; naan
ihe-njik nke otherworldly d ad ga-eto n'ihi na ha na doro nke a an akk nke
ohere 8) .
7)

N'ihi nke a nabata a an akk nke ohere mara mma na njik kwuru n na
proficiency ule na phenomena nke intrusion nke mmad ah nd kpchiri l
na ofufe ya ga-ya b site nwa oge nkewa na dghachi ihe onwunwe continuity,
ele mmad anya n'ihu na-a continuity ihe anya gbaghara (n'okpuru okpomk
gb) nwere ike dabere na echiche, ot d, amagh m ot d ot ah
declarations n'elu (akara na-amalite d ka) kwuru emekwa onu kwesr dabara.
8)

Ogologo oge gara aga m onwe m na ntakr ederede: "An yiri gha" (site
ebe a na Mises "obere Akara kw"), nchiri anya d ad nke a an akk nke
ohere, ma nke a mere ihe egwuregwu na n'okpuru, nke deviates si nat dd
nchepta na nke-an akk were bna oge, ma na-agba s site na oge.
dabara nke a d amma dgh z ka Zllnersche nkwa nke spiritualistic
phenomena, na m na-etinye dgh ar na ya.

2. nd nke spiritualism na okpukpe.

Ego ole ka mebie uma nke spiritualistic phenomena si kwa na aga, n'ihi ya, naangide n'okpuru spiritualists a isi n'uru nke spiritualism, nkwenkwe n'dnihu
continuance bgh nan support, ma na-enwe ike yie nd ziri ezi amanyere b iwu
onwe naan. -Amas iri usoro iwu na ihe nd armka nke a nd n'dnihu tt
megide a n'ezie m ma b ozi na nd mm na, ma b ihe o chetara ot iri nza
egosi na n'elu l megide a na aka. Gn mere eziokwu nke okike, ot anya na e
nwere ihe na-adgh g na ajj nke nd mgbe a nwsr d ka oge maka na ga-ab
na ndiiche, naan na ahkebe ikpe aa na-enwegh usoro na-adgh emepta, n'ihi ya,
mgbe nd obi ab ma b echiche nke a Nd j isi iyi otu - na nagh angide
mgbe niile a dull! - Inweta adgide adgide ikpe, kama inwe ike zuru ike ike na ya,
n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu, bna na-ach niile mgbal chta. N'ihi ya, m ezere d uchu
na-ach nkwado nke nkwenkwe okpukpe nke Day b kwaa ta, kama nke ah, a oge
ahu eruwo ka nke nd d ot ah support Ot d, o yiri ihe na-achsi ike.
Ugbu a na Spiritualist na-eme ka nke a kwuru ka n'ozuzu uru nke spiritualism,
karsa na-emesi eziokwu ah b na spiritualism b nd kas d ir, ma br na
bgh naan, ptara bla, napuru ndi juru ebe nile h ihe onwunwe n'anya e si
oge. Ma br na pr inyere ya, a ga-ka na-enwe d ka a gw ike inyere megide
ihe j ga-onwe ya j ka ihe oriri, na-apgh chta ke N'ezie nke nd n'ime ya b

ngide. h ihe onwunwe n'anya megidere okpukpe nile, ebe b na ma nke

Chineke, ka n'of okwu; ugbu a chr iji merie spiritualism na ihe m gbara
kprkp maka nd mgbe a nwsr ya, ot o yiri ka a ihe ambiguous uru ma br
na n'of oro ebede-ekwesgh d, nd ebe a na-agahie agahie,-egosi akk nke ihe b
n'ezie ikpe mgbe na spiritistisch nkt si ya oke na-eche nche na ha. Ugbu a b
ezie na ra ntutu daps otosr iru-n na-na-emekar nd nkt nta na-ala, ma, ajj
b, ihe na ole, na a fd criterion iche n'ihe, adgh. Ka e were ya na chr mata
ihe na-aga n'ime a kpchiri kabinet nke nzuzo ihe na-aga na-eme ka a onu ke kabinet,
ka ihe nzuzo d iche puta h, any na-eche, mgbe ah, ka ha n'ebe ah ka na-emeghe
nakwa d ka n'ime l na nzuzo gaba na nwere ike n'enwegh nso site n'z n'ime,
b ezie na otu onye nwere ike ikwubi na na-aga n'ime ihe. Ma n'ezie dum nke
ngosipta, n'ime kp si n'of ebe a ugbu a, Nd Mm ihe gnyere ha kwuru
banyere nd mgbe a nwsr onwe ya, naan mgbagwoju anya notions nke nd mgbe
a nwsr, na enwegh niile edification, doo anya na ike. Ma mgbe ha na ugbu a
banyere isi ibe nke okpukpe agbasa naan a mgbagwoju anya gw, ka nd z, nd
uppermost, na mmekah nke mmad na Chineke spirit, ke zuru ezu chchr. Ya
mere, na-ah a rr spiritualism, okpukpe, o nwere ike ghara bna-bna mma,
mgbe nile na-a kara na ihe karr kara angide gbanyere mkprgw Nigeria
n'chchr akk ihe a. I nd kara edebe nn onye kwere ekwe kas elu na kacha
nke Akwkw Ns na wepr ebubo M nke mm na nd ha palpable anya. D ka
kara agba chchr seance l na a na-aj n'ime, nke b kara ma b, na ya onwe
ya, ma si ot onye ogbugbo haunting maka bch h Church na-ekwusa na
ikwuputa okwu Chukwu na-efe Chineke na okwukwe ab obodo na-akpa gw, ot
ah spiritualist ka okpukpe Nd Krast, nkwenkwe ha n'otu oge nke bch echiche
nwere ike b na ikwu na kas elu na ikpeaz ihe 9) .
9)

Lee. Nkebi VI na VII. Abata na b ruru nke Day na Christianity na

Zendavesta t. Nke Iri na At na tlere xxx na na at ebumnobi na ihe mere.

Ugbu a nakwa na mgbaas na-agu dika n'uru, na okwukwe ga-etinye ihe n'ezie na
isi mmalite ozizi nd Krast n'onwe ya si ot; n'ihi na ihe b r mere site Christo r
ebube na phenomena nke otu mgbe ya na nw Andrs d ka spiritualistic
n'obima. Eziokwu ah b na na bna ugbu a ekweta d ot ah b ngosipta, nke
incredibility'll weliri nd na na-emeri Christianity herewith n'ezie ntala. Na
einstreitig na-adkar na-ekwu okwu dgh ihe mere eziokwu nke Christian r ebube,
na-eji nd a obere okwu na-agnah ya, ma br na o doro na spiritualist, na tt
nwere ike n'ezie converted site na okwukwe na nke ikpeaz ka ha kwere na
mb; naan nwere ike b na akakabarede Christian r ebube kara spiritualist z a
aj rr ar na-ah. N'ihi na n'etiti ab b nd d ot ah a d iche na uma na ka
ikwulu Chineke na-egosi, na-ewetara ma nd n n'otu isiokwu na-ach ka ha nyere
aka ruo Christianity nke mere na na-akwa Christ n'ihi na tt onyinye d iche naaj. E nwere diche, d ka a mr nke h na nke abal, d ka abnormally ba ah ike
na abnormally crazy ike. Christ tbara ya onwe ya na ka uche ya r ebube abgh
restlessly, na-ada na zuru ma b kara amagh ihe bla, bgh kpr mba z

mm, kwuru abgh nke nd d ot a ji, ejigh chchr ma b kara chchr naenyere, d ka any media-eme taa, ma jere ije na-egbuke egbuke gburugburu bch d
ka a ike anya doo ya, ya uche na nkt ike kpamkpam d ike nwoke, ma gw. naebuli tebl, bgh t oche gburugburu,-adgh mere feats na ike ga-mgbagwoju
anya na legerdemain, bgh iji kw gw maka ya, ma mejuptara ike na a ike
nke gosiworo dgh aj. na-ede platitudes nke Mm on slates, ma d nd kwuru b
n'n ya, nke emeriwo wa nke nd g mm na Judaism; na chr ka e nwere obi
ab niile n'oge nd ya r mere site ya na-eche bgh ya zuru ezu, na-ekwe nkwa
d ka akk ihe mere eme, r ebube a nke a karr mmad pr isi kwuo ya, nke na
oru ngo taa, mgbe nw ya na akk, a pgh nwere obi ab. ma nke ma nwere ike
kwere na obere obodo nke na-eso z, site na nke Christianity na oge na ogologo
n'ime agbasawo, agaragh so ya gaa n nd na-eso ya n'ihi na na-ezi ruo nw ya, a
Paul bgh site a Saul gaara, br na n'ezie ahkebe eme agha na anya nke Krast
chr ka credible d n'anya ha;ma ga-ab n'echiche z Wezuga eme agha, a gaWezuga kemgbe phenomena, d ka taa play 'na spiritualism.
N'ezie, bna h ya anya nke Krast mgbe ya nwr, nke ihe Bible kr akk naapgh kwa d ka a spiritualist. Kwesr Christ ndidi a na-aj, n'ihi ya bgh onye
media onwe ya, nke na-egosi mgbe nw ka a m; ha nan igosi na ihe ah
spiritualist apparitions; Ma Christ ke mkpa a na-aj na-egosi mgbe nw; ptara
n'ihu site ya zuru ike, ptara na sara h, Ot d, na-ach nd spiritualist apparitions
nke chchr ma b kara chchr. N'ihi ya, i kweere na-apparitions nke Krast
mgbe nw, n'ihi ya, otu onye nwere ike na-ekwegh na ya d ka Spiritualist; ezie na
ka na-angide eziokwu na eziokwu nke ikpeaz kweere na mb mfe.
Mgbe nke ah gasr, m na-eche na mmekrta d n'etiti Christian r ebube, ma
b m ga-kama na-ekwu na r ebube nd Krast na r ebube Spiritist ot na-enwegh
inwe ike-ah a doro nn anya na mma-okwu maka ya. Ma, nye b ike chta nd d
ot ah n'ihe nd ah mgbe niile ma br na o nwere nime ya na-ezugh show.
Wezuga, na mmekah nke na-ejikar d n'etiti mmad na Chineke, ebe a na karr,
n'okpuru mediation nke e buliri elu gw onye, nd norm nke na ngafe, ahmah
mgbasa na-abawanye, na-enwegh n'otu oge na-enweta a dda, na ya tkwas
mmetta nke gafere na mb gburugburu na mmetta ma ebe a na nd ns ns
n'z. Ya mere, na Krast na r ebube ya. Ma isneke, fd nd na mmekrta onye
ogbugbo ya otu onye, ebe nd nkt itule nke agha ebuliwo, ka obi gharakwa d ot
ah n'z d ka any ugbu a d ke media na onye ogbugbo site na ya iche, n'ihi na nke
a wa na agbagha h na-abagh uru , kwuru, n'obima. The wezga mb d nwere
nd na ego na ya pta na gupuru ab d ihe on a whim na chch mata nke
bch, na Krast b otu d iche niile wezga, dd nke any nwere ike izute z
kara na mb dd zuru oke nke spiritualistic wezga ala.
Gar fd Nd Mm na-nachzurhmen na ha, kama itinye aka n'ibu haunting, naach iji kwalite okpukpe na na d nn ka eme kwuoro echiche, Christian
ndmd, e kwuru banyere ozizi Krast d, any akwkw nke nraranye na d ka ma
br na ha onwe ha gaara sii nd agbala. tt mgbe b n'ezie nan twaddle onye isi
iyi g mkpa enwegh ebe ma na mm nke na-aj anya n'ihi na onwe ya. Ma, b na

 chr ka echiche nke d na-adabere na-edebe kwa onye ogbugbo naan site na
kara nke otherworldly mm, n'ihi ya, na-eche ihe any merie ya, otu ihe na any
pr kpmkwem site akwkw na-enweta onye bla, sio sances ttr. Mta gaakara any nd mm, mgbe-agafe na nd mgbe a nwsr na Krast na-eso z ya naeru nso mmekrta, fd ozi nd z na ha dr nd n'wa, na-ata ahh na nw,
banyere mmalite na izi ezi nd nke Ozima na New Testament akwkw ozi, na
ezi version nakwa nkwa nke tr banyere ezigh ezi na-elekta l, wdg n'ihi ya
ihe b ihe mere eme n'ihi na any maara ihe ga-enweta, na n'otu oge ah nke na-egosi,
na site spiritualism ihe bla a ga-enweta n'ihi na spiritualism siburu ngidere ikpe
mara. Nwere Day nri, ot kwesr n'ihi na nd niile na tt nd z na akk ihe
mere eme mbipta d iche iche z na nd ime mm, nwa-nwayi nke m n'ezie naemeghe; kama b naan nd converted ka nd, na-enwegh ekwe omume nke nghta
a na z na-eri nri az n'ime wa a; na mgbaas agbanwebegh ihe bla na nke a.
3. Personal kwuru anya.
N'etiti nd gara aga n'ozuzu echiche on mgbaas M na-emetkwa nd tinye a kara
onye kwuru na nso-akpali m ekwupta ya factuality.
nat na-ak, nke na ya "Wissensch. Arma." nyere site Leipzig kenmde na
American na-aj Slade sances, ma e wezga ihe-m nke W. Weber na Scheibner
nwekwara uche nke m na-agba akaebe nye n'ihi ya; na m na-adrgh nke a na-egosi,
naan na na-aga tt obere anya na-ada bna maka onwe m adgh mkpa kara na
nke nat onwe ya na nd z na ngalaba-ekiri. N'ihi na m na naan ihe ole na ole
mb n nd sessions na-adgh n'etiti nd kas ok egwu, ndidi, bna kama nan d ka
a kesinamde, n'ihi na d ka ihe experimenter, nke ga-enwebegh zuru ezu, bna
onwe m,-enyo enyo nke legerdemain n'elu na-of-ada da na-egosi. Ma br na m
na-m ihe m ma bna hr, na-enwegh inwe ike chpta aghgh d mwo Ester
anya, na ihe nd ngidere chptara na ezigbo nwere nke sayens m enyi na mgbe e
mesr sessions, nke British-eme nnyocha n, m zkwa iche kwukwara na otu
phenomena na otu ebe a enyo enyo a igwu wayo na sleight na-n'ebe nd z kwuru
site n'kziri media na e chebere bla enyo na nke a, nke ezi ekiri, n'ihi ya, na-akpa
ike nke nkwenye na m, nke m na-dr nwere ike, ihe d ka ga-amas m ya na
nkwanye gw nke fd phenomena.
Ee, n'ihi ya incredibly d ka spiritualistic eziokwu egosi na site n mmalite, gaab ma m na uche, okwukwe na nd mmad na ike na-kwuru eziokwu site kwuru,
agwkwala, ugbu a igosipta niile ahr anya sayens, b otu n'ime uka na ibu ibu
nke na-egosi, na spiritualist maka factuality phenomena n ya, bgh ad. -Enwegh
uka nke votes a ga-atle, m ga-ekwu banyere nan ole na ole votes, nke mmaat
bgh nan were m b ya onwe ya na-esote, kamakwa oge mmas yiri ka izute kas
ebe a.
br na onye ona utu bu onye nwere ike nke Germany b isi nnchiteanya nke
factuality spiritualistic phenomena, nakwa d ka m, nd na-ewe dgh onwe ha ikike d
ka onye nkiri a na ubi iji wuchaa, ma ya kwuru anya na-anchi anya na, kwuru, a r
na-ah ihe chr h, ma onye nwere ike h naan ebe dtrla owt ke chptara
ebe d ka nd d ot ah, na br na ya mara mma, mkpr ji am an ah na

sayens meptara na nchoputa na-fantasies. br na ka na-esi nw na nkwuwa

okwu ya nke o na-ewuli ubiere on eziokwu na-mgbagwoju anya na ogbenye
chptara nke eziokwu, na d onye Ya nnyocha, nke m na-achgh ka akwadokwa
chch izute na amam-ikpe nke ya onye, nke ptara na Yanwa igbu na mmad ot ee
b ihe o kr spiritualistic eziokwu, bgh nan ya isi, kamakwa on ikike nke a
nwoke, nke, n'ihi ya, na-ekwu okwu nke mm nke kpmkwem chptara na
inferences ka gnyere, W. Weber, onye maara aha na nke a nwere na-enwetgh ihe
ma aka oge mgbe spiritualistic phenomena emee maka factuality. Ma br na
hap ya ka site ugbu a gaa n'ihu maka a j nke hr onye nwere sleight dupe ma
b a r na-ekwe ka ha na-atap site na a uche k n'ak na omimi ihe,-ab, nke
mere na nke ah b a bit siri ike ma b kama na-adgh ike, ma n'ubi, akpnwwo
na ojuju nke m-ya. Onwe m, m na-ekwuptara na mgbe ha hr otu n'ime nd
sharpest na kas rigorous mgbak na mwep, na nnwale emepta site Slade bgh
nan d nn na-ele na a dum usoro nke nzuk na na-utu na ukwuu n'ime Scheibner,
ma na-etinye nd na n'ime aka ha na gbalsie nwere na ihe a na aka, a okwu m-ya
maka eziokwu nke spiritualistic phenomena dr ihe m kara ihe bla na kemgbe
nke nd d ot ah iche kwuru ma b e dere na bna h ihe bla a na ubi, ma
b na naan otu ugboro wee na-ele d ka na-ele jugglers, na na-na nd ikike ikwu
okwu nke ebumnobi legerdemain. Ma W. Weber b naan a achtbarster n'okpuru a
n gg na-eme nnyocha na-ada site n'otu nlezianya tlee maka eziokwu nke a
phenomena, na ego nke nd d ot ah na-atba ya b remotely ha nkume, ie niile
kwere omume ebigh ebi suspicions megide ha akpktara, na-eche echiche ma b
bna mgbe nd agagh, ma si ot chere na ha mere ihe. The superficiality a na ubi
b ihe bla ikpe tt ihe nd z na n'akk nke disputers d ka nd nnchianya
spiritualism; N'ezie, m na-agnye naan nd mmad b nd d n mpga nke
spiritualism. Ee, spiritualism b a d nj, n'ihi ya, na-ego na chr megide ya, ma
b ihe rr ar; na nke ka mma ebe imegide ya, na-ekwu okwu ya n'ihi eziokwu na
dgh megide ya.
Ma bgh ya, onye na-adr ubiere naan na ihe ga nke ma nwnwa, tfuo
kr af n'ala kpomkwem n'ihi na ha na-emezugh; na mmekrita spiritualism Anam
Udeme si Antispiritisten ubiere naan site okpu mgbal na discards na-aga nke ma,
kpomkwem n'ihi na ha na-jisiri. Nwere, r n'okpuru sicherstellendsten jikoro
Zllnersche n iji na Leipzig na Breslau kr af n'ala, ga-ab ihe na ya; ebe
unen, bughi ihe; ma legerdemain site nke onye bla pr isi omie ya nke maara
at, ma bgh n'etiti nd na-eme h nd ide.Ya mere, na ihe nile nke ma na aka
ezi nke hr nwere a na ubi. - Ma bgh ya, akwa n hr ubi nke chptara,
nd n'okpuru nke ule ihe ga nke ma; . Ebe dee ha na nd na site n mmalite
tupu, na br na, n'ihi na ihe at, mgbal unen n'okpuru n'agha anya n'chchr ma
b kara chchr 10) , ya mere, anagh g, n'ihi na o nwegh ihe ga nke ma ya
n'h; ma ejisie n'nd nd kat mma, n n'h ah, d ka b ihe bla, na-anya
enwebegh. - Ma b na-na-ok nke ahmah na ikpe nke bla mm ala, ebe a
na a na-ewere agadi, b mgbe mm d mma nke spiritualism; na kw na-ebe a
maka echeta ihe kk. - Ma bgh na na-ah mgbe a na-kwuru na mkps aka ha
na ihe, mgbe ah, na-aga, ma h b n'ebe ah; ebe a iji anatagh ikike otu mkps aka

site n'oge ah mgbe ah, n'ihi ya, otu onye ekwesgh anya mgbe na-, na-ede, s
edemede banyere eziokwu na dgh ihe h.
10)

Nke ah gbara chchr ga nke ma nke spiritualistic nwere b ala, naadgh ot ihe d iche, ma br na ndabichi site a wa amara omitted ebe
a; ma n'ozuzu ya na a hr na na a siri ike ir nke media ga nke ma otu nwere
na-na h, nke na-akp maka gwgw chchr ma b kara chchr.

Gn mere ugbu a kr dgh ewe d ot ah n'z na b nan na adgh ike, nke

na-na spiritualism gosi na, n'eziokwu, na-emegide a otu, nke naan ike-ezu iji di na
kwuru osk on spiritualism mere ikpeaz n'ezie bna aka-ekwu okwu, na otu d
ak, na-elekta, d uchu, n'elegh mmad anya n'ihu, na-arr r n'okpuru d ka
gbanwetr nd, na-abgh nd kachamara ka r media, d ka nd kas mma nke
na-ekwu okwu ya. Na e nwere d ihe ah? Ma! Naan na z ebe na-wee tie ya,
kama na-amanye ude mere ka bu n'obi gbaghaa nke spiritualism. N'ihi na elegh anya
dgh physics b nd kwara mgbe a nke ma ma d nj nchoputa nke spiritualism
yiri ka nwere bu n'obi a priori ihe bla ma ya gbaghaa.
The ekwu okwu ma na-ede megide spiritualism na-aga n'z nke ya na spiritualism
na-aga n'z ya; nd nke mb z ma n'ezie na-agba s megide nke ikpeaz, kama
b naan na mberede; na site n'iguzogide iti mkpu si n'ebe ah spiritualism na-aga
n'ihu na-adgh inhibit; nke siworo gosi na a ga n'ihu igosi.
M nabatara m na nke ikpeaz nke factuality nke spiritualism, n'ihi ya, bara d ka
na-erugh si aga-ah anya, bgh n'ihi miko maka ya, ma n'ihi nd ihe na nd a
ga-enye ha ikike; n'ihi na nke ukwuu na chr iji kpochap nd niile spiritualism
mgbe bla gw, ma price nke eziokwu nke a d elu. The bch echiche nwere ike
na ma b na-enwegh spiritualism; ebuka kama na-enwegh kara na otu; n'ihi na,
n'agbanyegh na ha na mkpa n'ihe banyere osobo ye enye na ike na-ach a nkwado
n'ime ebe a, ee ekwere m, ruo n'k fd n'ezie na ebe (lee n'elu), na-adachi ma ya
abnormalities bgh nan na ha, ma b wa dum nke any gara aga omimi; na d
nn kpomkwem n'ihi na m maara onwe m na ya n'ezie arkwaghm na m na-eyi a ya
ndiiche agwa okwu, mgbe nke na-adaba mfe na ma na ike nd bna ihe nd k
mmta sayens na ike nd. Ugbu a, b mba n'ihi na nd nnchiteanya nke Day
na-anara on a z n'chchr akk na wa na akant. Na m tinye bgh chch obi
na omimi phenomena, m obere akwkw "N'bch ikpeaz nke Odlehre" pr; ugbu
a, m g af 78, nwere Zendavesta na akwkw a e dere, ihe b n'ihi mmegide naagnah spiritualism na n'elu n'z,-ach ihe.
XXIV. Agbakwunyere okwu yie nd ziri ezi bch echiche.
Site n mmalite na-conceded, b ihu ma d nn a amma, ihe Day emewo ihe
ga-esi ebe a na vibrations nke h, da vibrations na mpga nke m mmad na
anman na-egbukep egbukep,-aj u, nakwa na k, shades na naan externally na
m mmad Animals hineinerstrecke; ebe b na-adgh ala a amma, mgbe ah,

n'abal echiche dabeere, na h na da vibrations n'z ma h ma b da, kama b

naan nwere ike kpte h na da sensashion any j usoro. Na ihu ma nke mb
amma n'elu nke z ma mere onwe ya obi, mb, na nd eke tr ime nke mmad
mb prefers onwe ya, nke ab, na n'ihi na ya na wa ozugbo a na-adaba adaba
n'anya nyere d ka nke ab, nke at, na ha na nwere ike iru n'ihu a n'wa si ele nke
na-eju af ka n'akk niile, d ka ihe ma nke ab. The show b isi nzube nke
akwkw a, na pgh b r nke a obere ikpe na-egosi ya z. Na nk mmta
sayens na abstraction dgh enwegh qualitative mkpebi siri ike ptara nke ezi uche
gw k ya, etiri mgbe n'tle quantitative ije na nd nke h na uche zuru ok, b
na a pr iche ngalaba (XX) atle.
Ka any ekwupta n'ihu: bgh a siri ike gwgw na br na e nwere k naada on m mmad na anman adianade do, bkwa ihe d keukwu, z n'ozuzu,
h na a ga-ege nt Nigeria na nke na-adgh emet ha n'ah nke k, sounding
dara. Apgh h nwupta maka onwe ha, mmiri iri da onwe ha? ma a sr (Nkebi
V.1.): "The an sensashion ike ise n'elu ke oghere ot ah, na-ach isiokwu, ihe
overarching nsh n'ihi na"; na onye nwere ike na-eche nke ya nd z z, enye
esede onwe ya; ma dgh-emeghar a na nke onye eziokwu nke na ebumnobi
mkpa. N'ihi na e nwere n'ezie a echiche, d ka nke an sensashion nwere ike ise n'elu
ke a nkit, atm na b mkpa na-ada na na vibration inye a d mfe an sensashion
maka onwe ha, na-enwegh mkpa nke a, a sensashion-akpata n'okpuru ( t. XXII), d
ka any na-akp nd d ot ah ma na an sensashion-eche b ike bgh onwe ha
ga.Ma gn b mgbe ah eyride si dum Chineke nke Day, onye ikpughe ihe aa chr,
ma dgh ihe z gbasara ya.
N'eziokwu, mgbe nnabata nke Chineke nwere ike na-dabere na nd na-ach n'aka, o
yiri Inwe na-adgh ike ezu. Ma mb na-emezu, mb, na nd thinkable ihe onwe
dude maka onwe ya an ah adgh emet ha n'ah any n'ezie siri ike, brkwa na
catchy, Ot d, nd mb (t. XXII) tlere echiche ot na-ewe n'ime ya, na-na
mb tlere jr isiokwu; Nke abuo, na substantive ngaghar , ihe na ihie na da
nghta n'z na a n'z analogous ka izugbe usoro nke wa na-overlapped, d ka ihe
ha kpgidere na any, site na sub-usoro nke wa, ihe onye bla na-eme nke onwe
any; thirdly, na izugbe ihe onwunwe usoro nde any ele mmad anya n'ihu d ot
ah na nd ntnyere mmekrta na causation, iji mee ka onye inference site na otu
nke z na-akwanyere gw na gg isi iji ihe na mb odide karr na nke ugbu a na
m na-gburu. Ma br na chr a niile usoro iwu ihe-achtabegh onye d dara da
ezu, ya mere, kptr nd z nd mere eme na bara uru mere, nke d ka t. A
Mitrcksicht ruru IX, n'ihi na ha kwere na Chineke d ot ah kasn mee kwukwara
ot akpan akpan ke "at ebumnobi na ihe mere "ga-agba s, na ozuzu oke nke a,
any na-apgh gbanah na-enwegh ga-esi na udu na a usoro iwu, uru na akk ihe
mere n'out oge stoppable n'wa si ele.
Aga na-echegbu mb na nke ab isi ihe nd d Day (Jehovovch. III), ma nke at
na-adabere bgh nke ukwuu na aga na ab n na a mmepe nke Day, n'okpuru ya
concurrence kwere omume. Chineke spirit ike tinye aka n'ihe na njik na-enwegh
yitewere
na lawa.
Contribuu and
millorar
traducci

Text original

XXV. Mmechi.
M ikwubi na na chr ka i wee ghara ma na-aghta ihe nwem n'ukwu n'ukwu
jeghari nke a onye z kara nd na-azr nke okwu na gw nke akwkw a na na
decisiveness na nke nwere ike heralds chi bb nke a chawapr n'wa si ele naanchi anya bna enyere iji mezuo mkpsa ,