SYSTEMA NERVOSUM CENTRALE

EMBRYOLOGY

EMBRYOLOGY

EMBRYOLOGY

MICRO-ANATOMY
NEURON
NEUROGLIA
ASSOCIATION FIBRES
VASCULAR
(SUBSTANSIA ALBA ET GRISEA)

NEURON

NEURON (structural classification)

NEURON (structural classification)

NEURON

NEURON
Functional Classification
AFFERENT NEURONS
(SENSORY NEURONS)

EFFERENT NEURONS
(MOTOR NEURON)

INTERNEURONS
(ASSOCIATION NEURONS)

SUBSTANSIA ALBA ET GRISEA

SUBSTANSIA GRISEA

SUBSTANSIA ALBA

NERVE CELL BODY

PERIKARYON
NUCLEUS
SOMA

CORTEX
NUCLEI BASALIS

AXON

MYELIN
AXONAL TRANSPORT

TRACTUS

NEUROGLIA

COMMISSURES ASSOCIATION
- PROJECTION FIBERS

MACRO-ANATOMY
CEREBRUM
hemispherium
TRUNCUS CEREBRI
mesencephalon
pons
medulla oblongata
CEREBELLUM
MEDULLA SPINALIS

MENINGES
duramater
arachnoidmater
piamater
cavum
subarachnoid

VENTRICULI CEREBRI
ventriculus lateralis
ventriculus tertius
aqueducus cerebri
ventriculus quartus
liquor cerebrospinalis

CENTRAL NERVE SYSTEM

CEREBRUM
hemispherium
TRUNCUS CEREBRI
mesencephalon
pons
medulla oblongata
CEREBELLUM
MEDULLA SPINALIS

CORTEX CEREBRI

AREA BRODMANN

MOTOR AREAS

SENSORY AREAS

ASSOCIATION AREAS

- PRIMARY MOTOR

- PRIMARY SENSORY
CORTEX

PREFRONTAL CORTEX

CORTEX
- PREMOTOR CORTEX

- BROCAS AREA

- SOMATOSENSORY
ASSOCIATION AREA
- VISUAL CORTEX
- AUDITORY CORTEX
- OLFACTORY CORTEX
- GUSTATORY CORTEX
- WERNICKS AREA

GENERAL INTERPRETATION
AREA
AFFECTIVE LANGUAGE AREAS

CEREBRAL LOBE

HEMISPHERIUM CEREBRI

DIENCEPHALON

Diencephalon (1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Diencephalon (2)
1
2
3

17
18

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

19
20

13
14

16

15

14

13

12

DIENCEPHALON
THALAMUS

HYPOTHALAMUS

EPITHALAMUS

MASSA INTERMEDIA

CORPUS MAMMILARIS
INFUNDIBULUM

CORPUS PINEALE
(glandula pinealis)

HYPOPHYSIS

The role ?

A relay station for

sensory information
ascending to primary
sensory areas of the
cerebral cortex

Olfacion and swallowing reflex

Visceral control center
(overall body homeostasis)

Autonomic center

Center for emotional response

and behavior

Body temperature regulation

Regulation of food intake

Regulation of water balance

and thirst

Regulation of sleep-wake
Cycles

Control of endocrine system

functioning

TRUNCUS CEREBRI

TRUNCUS CEREBRI
MESENCEPHALON

PONS

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

PEDUNCULUS CEREBRI
PEDUNCULUS CEREBELLI

VENTRICEL LATERALIS

PYRAMID
DECUSSATIO PYRAMIDALIS
NUCLES OLIVARIUS

AQUEDUCTUS CEREBRI
CORPORA QUADRIGEMNA
COLLICULUS SUPERIOR
COLLICULUS INFERIOR
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
NUCLEUS RUBRA
Tractus corticospinalis
Tractus cerebellum
Visual reflex centers
coordinate head and
eye movements
Auditory reflex centers

N. V
N. VI
N. VII
Respiratory centers
(+ medullary respiratory
centers)
normal rythm

N. VIII
N. IX
N.X
N. XI
NUCLEUS GRACILIS
NUCLEUS CUNEATUS
Cardiac center
Vasomotor center
Respiratory centers

SPERRYS SPLIT-BRAIN SCHEMA

CEREBELLUM
HEMISPHERIUM CEREBELLI
LOBUS ANTERIOR
LOBUS POSTERIOR
VERMIS
LOBUS FLOCCULONODULARIS
ARBOR VITAE
PEDUNCULUS CEREBELLI

CEREBELLUM

LIMBIC SYSTEM
GYRUS CINGULI
GYRUS PARAHYPOCAMPI
HIPPOCAMPUS
HYPOTHALAMUS
CORPUS MAMILLARIS
AMYGDALA
NUCLEUS THALAMICUS ANTERIOR
FORNIX

+ < CIRCUIT>

LIMBIC SYSTEM

LIMBIC SYSTEM
EMOTIONAL
or
AFFECTIVE BRAIN
Interacts with higher cerebral cortical areas
feeling <> thought
affective brain <> cognitive brain

MOTOR- COGNITIVE- EMOTIONAL LOOP

FORMATIO RETICULARIS

MENINGES
duramater
arachnoidmater
piamater
cavum
subarachnoid

Cutis
Fascia
Pericranium
Calvaria
Duramater
Cortex cerebri

MENINGES

9
10
11
12
13

14

8.

LAPIS-LAPIS BUNGKUS OTAK

Hematoma
Subdural
1
2
3
4
5
6

Hematoma
Epidural

1 2

3 4

VENTRICULI CEREBRI
ventriculus lateralis
ventriculus tertius
aqueducus cerebri
ventriculus quartus
liquor cerebrospinalis

VENTRICULAR SYSTEM

LIQUOR CEREBROSPINALIS

SUBSTRAT ANATOMI
KOMPONEN FUNGSI MOTORIK:

sistem piramidal *
melanjut sebagai serabut-serabut
saraf tepi **
gerakan jitu dan
tangkas
... jari-jari lentik
gadis kecil memetik bunga
(* upper motoneuron ......
penyilangan
dan

** lower motoneuron)

TRACTUS CORTICOBULBARIS

PUSAT

SUBSTRAT ANATOMI
SISTEM EKSTRAPIRAMIDAL:

Extrapyramidal circuit

SISTEM EKSTRAPIRAMIDAL
SUBSTRAT ANATOMI
(telah diuraikan di depan)

FUNGSI
Meletakkan landasan gerak jitu
dan tangkas
Penyampaian impuls difus dan masal ke
seluruh otot tubuh untuk menjaga
tonus otot sebelum, selama dan
sesudah aktifitas sistem piramidal
berlangsung

Kelola inhibisi
gejala kelepasan (release phenomenon)
hiper / hipokinetis

Vaskularisasi Serebral

Nampak medial
Nampak lateral

Vaskularisasi Serebral

Nampak bawah

Potongan melintang

PEMBULUH EKSTRA-KRANIAL

PERCABANGAN INTRA-KRANIAL (tampak depan)

PERCABANGAN INTRA-KRANIAL (tampak samping)

MEDULLA
SPINALIS

CONUS MEDULLARIS
INTUMESCENTIA
FILLUM TERMINALE
CAUDA EQUINA

REGIO
CERVICALIS

SULCUS MEDIANA
RADIX N. SPINALIS

REGIO
LUMBALIS
MENINGES
CAUDA EQUINA
LUMBAL PUNKSI

1
2
3
4
5

1
2
3
4
5

1
2
3

MEDULLA SPINALIS MENINGES RADIX N. SIPINALIS

MEDULLA SPINALIS MENINGES RADIX N. SIPINALIS

SUBSTANSIA ALBA ET GRISEA - TRACTUS

MEMPELAJARI TRACTUS
nama.
terbentang dari.. ke..
di medulla spinalis terdapat di.
terdiri dari berapa neuron (yg tdpt di
dalam ssp)
- sinaps di
tempat penyilangan di
fungsi ?

Medulla spinalis dan radix n. spinalis

NERVUS SPINALIS

NERVUS SPINALIS

Sistem motorik, sensibilitas, dan autonom

Sistem simpatis

Sistem autonom

Sistem autonom

Ramus primarius anterior n. spinalis

dermatom

Plexus brachialis

Skema plexus brachialis

T
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