Works Cited

Conquering Surgical Pain: 4 Men Stake Their Claim. Neurosurgical Service. MGH
Neurosurgical Service, 2005. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
<http://neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu/history/ether3.htm>. This website will be useful to
me because it will give me information about the three men (other than Horace Wells)
who also thought they had discovered anesthetics. This will provide information on who
some of Wellss opponents were and how they may have affected him and his work. I
know this website is a reliable one because it was published by Massachusetts General
Hospital, the very hospital that Horace Wells once demonstrated his work in. It is also
reliable because the Massachusetts General Hospital is a well known hospital that is also
somewhat known for the anesthetics and its history.
Gammell, Ben. This Wont Hurt a Bit! A Brief History of Anesthesia. Connecticut History.org.
Connecticut Humanities, 10 Dec. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
<http://connecticuthistory.org/this-wont-hurt-a-bit-a-brief-history-of-anesthesia/>. This
website will be useful to me because it will give me a brief summary of anethesia, what it
is, and some extra information about Horace Wells. I know this website is reliable
because the author of this article, Ben Gammell, is one of the staff at the Connecticut
Historical Society and is the Coordinator of Interpretive Projects, a somewhat leading
position. Gammell knows a lot about the history of Connecticut due to this position and
put it into the article.
Gifford, Emily E. Horace Wells Discovers Pain-free Dentistry. Connecticut History.org.
Connecticut Humanities, 11 Dec. 2014. Web. 12 Nov. 2015.
<http://connecticuthistory.org/horace-wells-discovers-pain-free-dentistry/>. This website

will be useful to me because it will give me information on exactly what Horace Wells
discovery was, how he discovered it, and who was involved, as well as information on
what he did with it afterwards. I know this website is reliable because the authors of the
website are working with libraries, universities, historical societies, and museums all over
Connecticut to get the information that they put into their articles.
Madden, M. Leslie. Crawford Long (1815-1878). New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of
Georgia Press, Georgia Humanities Council, 2004. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/science-medicine/crawford-long-18151878>. This website will be useful to me because it will give me some information on
Crawford W. Long and his work with anesthetics, and also supply me with possible
information on how his discoveries affected Horace Wells and his discoveries. I know
this website is reliable because the domain name is .org, and one of the publishers is the
University of Georgia Press, a trusted book publishing company.
Nitrous Oxide Side Effects Are Pretty Scary. Side-Effects-Site.com. Easy Immune Health,
2010. Web. 18 Nov. 2015. <http://www.side-effects-site.com/nitrous-oxide-sideeffects.html>. This article will be useful to me because it will give me some information
on some of the side effects of nitrous oxide. I know this is a reliable website because the
same website that published this article is a clinic/shop where the people are
knowledgeable about nitrous oxide and other drugs. The shop also legally sells items for
someones health, such as vitamins and such.
Swierzewski, Stanley J. Anesthesia and Types of Anesthesia. Remedys Health Communities.
Remedy Health Media LLC, 2015. Web. 13 Dec. 2015.
<http://www.healthcommunities.com/before-after-surgery/overview-types-

anesthesia.shtmlSt>. This website will be useful to me because it will give me details on

types of anesthetics and how they are used, helping me to better give an overview of
anesthetics for my research paper. I know this website is reliable because the author of
this article is an M.D. in Holyoak, MA.
Wexner, Steven. Anesthesias Captivating and Controversial Beginnings. General Surgery
News. McMahon Publishing, 2004. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.generalsurgerynews.com/ViewArticle.aspx?d_id=77&a_id=11661>. This
website will be useful to me because it describes the people who had also claimed to
discover anesthetics and what their actions were in the process, as well as how their
claims may have affected Horace Wells. I know this website is reliable because General
Surgery News is a known magazine for surgeons, doctors, etc. that keeps them updated
on surgical and other medical-related information. The articles are written by doctors and
surgeons as well, such as the author of this article, who is an MD.