What is a
Global Company?
A business that operates all over the
world.
Treat the world as one country.
Locate in low wage countries.
Purchase raw materials from cheapest
country.
Borrow from cheapest country.
Move managers around.
Examples
Coca-Cola
Toyota
McDonalds
Nike
Global Marketing
Selling the same product in the same
way all over the world using the
global marketing mix (4 Ps).
Concentrates on similarities across
world markets.
Uses the
Standardised Marketing Mix.
Global Product
Try to use same brand name world wide.
Global Price
The price may vary around the world
due to:
Higher standard of living = higher price.
Higher transport costs = higher price.
Taxes & tariffs = higher price.
More competition = lower price.
Global Promotion
Special Events = economies of scale:
Olympic Games
World Cup
Not always possible to use identical promotion:
Proctor & Gamble had to withdraw bathroom tv
add in Japan.
In Germany come to life with coke = come out
of the grave with coke!!!!!!
Global Place
Channels of distribution is longer.
Manufacturer-exporter-importeragents and distributors .
More time consuming and expensive.
Economies of Scale:
Continued.
Standard Marketing Mix may not
always work.
Cultural differences must be
recognised.
Adapted Marketing Mix takes these
differences into consideration.
4. Decision-making
WWW is a vast library of information.
Managers can access information it
needs about trading partners.
More informed decisions can be made
5. Reduced Costs
Video-conferencing allows virtual
face-to-face meetings without travel.
Live pictures & sound are sent via the
internet or satellite.
This reduces cost as no flights or
accommodation is needed.
e-banking reduces fees.
Transnationals (TNC)
Large business with headquarters in one
country and branches in many others.
May move operations from one country to
another in response to market conditions.
IDA offers incentives to foreign TNCs to set
up here.
Eg. INTEL, IBM, Coca Cola, Nestle,
Unilever.
Unilever
Impact of TNCs in
Ireland
Advantages of TNCc
Disadvantages of TNCs
Impact of TNCs in
Ireland
Advantages of TNCs
Jobs are created directly & indirectly.
Taxes revenue from corporation tax , Vat and
PAYE increase.
Import substitution: TNCs source raw materials
in Ireland
Exports increase improving the balance of trade.
Effeciency & quality are improved in order to
compete on the world stage, benefits consumers.
Disadvantages of TNCs
Powerful TNCs try to influence indusrial
relations & tax policy by threatening to
withdraw.
Closures of TNCs causes massive
unemployment.
Grants are lost if TNCs move.
Profits are transferred out of the host
country
Infrastructure
Incentives such as grants and low tax
Skilled workforce
Support services
Availability of raw materials
Proximity of markets
Exam Questions
Short
Long
2000 Q. 10 TNC 2008 Q. 2. TNC
2007 Q. 3. (b) GM
2006 Q. 3. (c) GM
2004 Q. 3. (a), (b) GM, TNC
2002 Q. 3. (b) GM
2000 Q. 3. (a) GM