Stop Motion Animation

Techniques and
Developments
BY JAMIE BRELSFORD

Introduction

Why we see motion

How we used this to create moving images

The Scopes and Tropes

The development of this up to the present day in animation.

Introduction

Animation : The technique of Photographing successive drawings or

positions of puppet models to create an illusion of movement when
the film is shown as a sequence.

Computer Animation : The manipulation of electronic images by

means of a computer in order to create moving images.

Persistence of vision

The theory of persistence of vision.

Retina holds light for a fraction of a second

Before receiving the next bit of light

This makes frames blur together creating the illusion of movement

Frames

Frames are the singular images used in a sequence to present

movement

They are measured in frames per second (FPS)

The more frames per second the smoother the motion

To define images as a movie there needs to be 24 FPS

The Hobbit used 60 FPS

Pioneers : Joseph Plateau

(Phenakitoscope)

Pioneers : Joseph Plateau

(Phenakitoscope)

1832 - joseph and his sons introduced

Independently invented by Simon von Stampfer

Involved spinning a disc with slits in it whilst you looked into a mirror
to see the illusion of movement

Only one person could view the moving image at one time

Pioneers : William Horner (Zoetrope)

Pioneers : William Horner (Zoetrope)

1834 William George Horner proposed more convenient device

Based on the phenakitoscope

It involved looking through slots into a drum that spun

This let multiple people use it and also eliminated the need for a
mirror

Pioneers : Emile Reynaud

(Praxinoscope),

Pioneers : Emile Reynaud

(Praxinoscope),

1877 Emile Reynaud presented the Praxinoscope

Adaptation to the Zoetrope

Involved looking at a mirror that is central of the drum allowing you

to see one moving image instead of several

Pioneers : Edison (Kinetoscope)

Pioneers : Edison (Kinetoscope)

Invented by Thomas A. Edison and William Dickson in 1891

It was a strip of film which passed an electric light

Behind the peephole there was a spinning wheel with a narrow slit
that acted as a shutter

Allowed a momentary view of each of the 46 fames

Willis Harold Obrien

Born in Oakland, California

Worked with clay models

Forwarded stop motion animation in the

industry

Mainly known for creating King Kong

TV Animation

Animation has been used in several TV shows

however it is most commonly found in
children's

One of the most well known stop motion

show is called Shawn the sheep

This simple show consists of the slight

movement of clay to create the illusion of
movement between frames.

Shawn the sheep uses animation to provide

entertainment to the TV.

Advertising

Advertising using stop motion animation to

promote a product can be really creative
and eye catching

It was especially noticed in Hondas advert

called Honda Paper

This used the overlapping of paper to create

a very unique advertisement

Using animation helps create unique

intresting adverts which can appeal to most
people

Cinema

Animation is used in many films now

with amazing special effects that
sometimes seem so real

These effects aid grasping the viewer

into the film so that they can
experience it to the full potential.

The Hobbit is an example of this

being very successful in capturing the
viewers to aid their experience

Aardman Animations

Aardman was founded in 1972 by Peter Lord and David Sproxton

They began by providing animated sequences for the BBC making shows such as
Greeblies(1975) using clay animation

This soon inspired the production of morph, a simple clay character

They later received an Oscar for Parks short, Creature Comforts

In December 1997 Aardman and Dreamworks announced that they would be

making Chicken Run Aardmans first feature film

Aardman Animations

Known for creating stop motion animation

films with clay.

Aardman has gone on to make films such

as flushed away and Wallace and Gromit

Aardman films have made $971.8 million

worldwide

Conclusion

Animation has come a long way

Thank you for watching

BY JAMIE BRELSFORD

Bibliography

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/animation

http://unit31companimation.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/persistence-ofvision-m1.html

http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit07.ht
m

http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/zoetrope.html

http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/praxinoscope.html

http://www.earlycinema.com/technology/kinetoscope.html