Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Ascending
Ordering a set of numbers from the smallest number to the largest number.

Denominator
The bottom number of a fraction.

Descending
Ordering a set of numbers from the largest number to the smallest number.

Equivalent Number
Numbers that have the same value.

Example:

24 18 12 6
,
, , . These fractions are all equal to -6.
4 3
2 1

Improper Fraction
A fraction that is written with the numerator (top number) larger or the same as
the denominator (bottom number). It is good mathematical practice to rewrite
an improper fraction into a mixed number.

Mixed Number
A number that has a whole number and a fraction.

Non-perfect square
A rational number that cannot be expressed as the product of two equal rational
factors.

Example: You cannot multiply any rational number by itself to get 3, 7.5 or

Number Line
A line with numbers placed in their correct position.

Numerator
The top number of a fraction.

7
.
8

Order of Operation
Perform operations inside the brackets first.
Then do any exponents.
Multiple and divide in order from left to right.
Add and subtract in order from left to right.

Order of Operations with Square Roots

Perform operations under a square root symbol before you take its square root.

Example:

9 4 36 6 .

Parentheses
Another way of saying brackets. A bracket can be used instead of a
multiplication sign.
Example: (9)(7) = 9 x 7
Perfect Square
A perfect square is represented as the product of two equal rational factors.
Example 1: 0.25 is a perfect square because it can be written as 0.5 x 0.5.

9
3 3
.
is a perfect square because it can be written as
16
4 4

Example 2:

Example 3: 16 is a perfect square because it can be written as 4 x 4.

Quotient
The result of division (dividend divisor = quotient)

Example: in 12 3 = 4, 4 is the quotient.

Remember, the quotient of two integers with unlike signs is negative.

Example:

9
9
9

12 12 12

Rational Number

A number that can be written as a fraction (e.g.

a
). Both numbers in the
b

fraction are integers. The denominator (e.g. b) cannot be 0.

1
2

Example: 4 ,3.5 , ,1

3
,0
4

Reciprocal
A number that you multiply by so that the result is 1.

Example: The reciprocal of

1 5
is .
5 1

Share
Share is one unit of ownership in a corporation.

Square Brackets
Are used in a math problem when a round bracket (e.g. parentheses) has
already been used.
Example: -1.1[2.3-(-0.5)].

Square Root
When the square root of a given number is multiplied by itself, the product is the
given number.

Example: 9 3 because 3 x 3 = 9.

Square Root of a Perfect Square

Example 1: The number 0.25 = 0.5 x 0.5. Therefore,

Example 2:

9
3
.
16 4

Time Notation
The time 1:55.27 means 1 min, 55.27 seconds.

0 .25 0 .5 .