BSc (Hons) in Information Technology

Specialized in Interactive Media

Batch 2016

Multimedia Systems
Tutorial 04

IT140346
64
Dilan
J.D.A

Tute 4
1. Discuss the implications of using audio in a production, focusing on the
purpose of the audio, how to manage audio files, and copyright issues.
Adding an audio in a multimedia production makes it more
attractive.
Music or Audio tracks are mostly have copyright issues. Those
issues rises when someone copied,reproduced or republished a music
or audio track without having permissions from its original owner.
2. List the four main sampling rates and the two sampling depths. Briefly
describe what each is most useful for. How does mono versus stereo come into
the equation?
Sampling rates
16,000 Hz

Used in telecommunication (VOIP &

VVOIP)

32000 Hz
44100 Hz
48000 Hz

Used in audio cassettes.

Used in audio CDs.
Used in DVDs.

Sampling Depths
16 bit
24 bit
Equations
Mono In mono all the audio signals are mixed together and routed
through a single audio channel.
Sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) *1

Stereo Stereo has two left and right audio channels.These ara
independent channel that having slight difference.
Sampling rate * duration of recording in seconds * (bit resolution / 8) *2

3. You have been assigned to design and produce the audio portions of a
multimedia project. The program will be delivered on a CD-ROM, and video
clips will take up most of the CD. You have only 50MB of storage space to
store 20 one-minute clips of speech, 10 songs averaging three minutes long,
and a background sound loop. What sampling rates and depths should you
use for the speech, for the music, and for the background sound? Why?
Roughly calculate the file size totals for these specifications, and be sure that
you end up with less than the 50MB of storage space allotted. Discuss your
reasoning.
I would decide to use the mp3 format for my entire audio file in the video clip as it
has been compressed while able to maintain the sound quality. For the speech part, I
would like to use 96 kbps bit rate, for the music and background loop song , I would
choose 128kbps bit rate.
20 Minute Speech
96 kbps * 60 s = 5760 kilo bits
5760/8 = 720 kilo Bytes
20 * 0.72 = 14. 4 MB
3 minute songs (Average)
128 kbps * 180 s = 23 040 kilobits
23 040/8 = 2880 kilo Bytes
10 * 2.88 = 28.8 MB
Background music
128 kbps * 300 s = 38400 kilobits
38400 / 8 = 4800 kilo Bytes (4.8 MB)
Total size = 14.4 + 28.8 + 4.8 = 48 MB

4. Describe what MIDI is, what its benefits are, and how it is best used in a
multimedia project.
MIDI is stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface .MIDI data contains a list
of events or messages (ex note on , note off ) that tell an electronic device, how
to genberate a sound.

Benefits of MIDI

File are smaller size.

All aspects of the sound can be edited.
Effects can be applied to individual instruments.
No interference or background noise during recording.
Can use to create music without need for different musicians /
instruments.

5. List the steps you would go through to record, edit, and process a set of sound
files for inclusion on a web site. How would you digitally process the files to
ensure they are consistent, have minimum file size, and sound their best?
1. The file size in Bytes for a digital recording where the sampling rate is at the duration
of recording in second (bit resolution/ 8) and number of tracks such as 1 for mono and 2
for stereo. It means to set the file size type before start to do any recording or editting.
2. Consumer-grade audio compact discs are recorded in Stereo at sampling rate of 44.1
kHz and a16-bit resolution. Other sampling rates include 22.05 and 11kHz, at either 16 or
bites. Then after setting the file size , the following will need to select the type of
sampling rate for the video and sound clips.
3. Digital audio is not device dependent, and sound the same every time it is displayed.
for this reason deigital audio is used for more frequently than MIDI data for multimedia
sound tracks. You can digitize sounds from any source, live or pre-recorded.
4. When recording (digitizing) audio, it's important to keep the recording level near the
maximum without going over it. This is to keep the quality of the audio the highest and
when compressing the video or copying the audio, it still can maintain high quality and
wouldn't run away from the original quality.
5. Important steps in digital sound editing include removing blank space from the start
and end of a recording and normalizing the sound to bring all clips to approximately the
same level. This is to make ssure all space is used to the maximum and there wouldn't be
extreme difference between the clips.

6. The native sound file formats for most Macintosh sound editting software are the SND
and AIF formats, and most authoring systems will read these formats. in Windows, the
native sound file format for most editting software is WAV file.
7. Many audio editors provide tools such as re-sampling, fade-in and fade-outs,
equalization, time stretching, various digital signal processing effects and reversing
sounds.
8. The value of each sample is rounded off to the nearest integer (quantization) and the
preparation and programming required for creating digital audio do not demand
knowledge of music theory.