Chapter 12 Outline

Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]
Monday, February 1st, 2016
SECTION 1 - BUILDING OVERSEAS EMPIRES

- 1800s, many European countries had industrialized, which gave them lots of
advantages
- new economic & political power motivated them set out to dominate the world
Motives Driving the New Imperialism
I.
imperialism: the domination by one country pf the political, economic, or cultural life of
another country or region
II. imperialism did not begin in the 1800s

A. e.g. 1492, European empires established colonies in the Americas
III. 1800s, the Europeans were encouraged to embark on an aggressive expansion with their
economic & military strength
A. a.k.a. "new imperialism"
B. strong & centrally governed nation-states had emerged
C. Industrial Revolution enriched their economies
IV. 1870s, whole world was almost under the Europeans' control
Economic Interests Spur Expansion

I.
Industrial Revolution created needs & desires for overseas expansions

A. manufacturers: new markets of consumers to sell their goods & access to natural
resources
1. e.g. rubber, petroleum, manganese, palm oil
B. bankers: sought ventures to invest their profits
II. colonies offered places for the growing population to go
Political & Military Motives

I.
closely linked to economic motives

A. e.g. steam-powered ships & naval vessels needed bases to take on supplies
II. nationalism played an important role as well
A. colonies were needed for national security

B. increase their prestige around the world
Humanitarian & Religious Goals

I.
westerners believed they had a duty to spread the 'blessings'

A. westerners: missionaries, doctors, and colonial officers
B. blessings: medicine, law & religion
Applying Social Darwinism

I.
westerners embraced the ideas of Social Darwinism

A. a.k.a. racial superiority
B. natural selection & survival of the fittest
C. believed imperial domination of weaker races was simply nature's way of improving the
human species
The Rapid Spread of Western Imperialism

I.
1870 to 1914, imperialist nations spread through the globe
II. imperial expansion found favor with all classes
Weakness of Non-Western States

I.
Europeans industrialized and grew stronger while other empires (e.g. asians) declined
A. especially the African states because of the damage of the slave trade
Western Advantages
I.
strong economies
II. well-organized governments

III. powerful armies & navies
IV. superior technologies
A. riverboats
B. telegraph
C. medicines
D. machine guns
E. repeating rifles
F. warships
Resisting Imperialism
I.
Africans & Asians strongly resisted the westerners

A. some fought even though the westerners had machine guns
B. strengthened their societies against outsiders by reforming their own religion
C. educated people organized nationalist movements to expel the imperialists
Facing Criticism at Home

I.
a group of anti-imperialists emerged, some said that:

A. colonialism was a tool of the rich
B. it was immoral
C. moving towards democracy at home but undemocratic on the other people
Forms of Imperial Rule

I.
developed different kinds of colonial rule

A. French: direct rule
1. sent officials & soldiers to administer their colonies
2. to impose their culture & to turn them into French provinces
B. British: indirect rule
1. use local people to govern their colonies
2. encouraged children of the local ruling class to get education in Britain
a) spread British civilization in the future
3. still militarize in the colonies if threatened
C. protectorate (a type of indirect rule)
1. local rulers remained, but needed to listen to the advisors about:
a) e.g. trades
2. cost less & no need of large military forces
D. sphere of influence
1. outside powers claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges

2. prevented conflicts among themselves
SECTION 2 - THE PARTITION OF AFRICA

- late 1800s, European powers carved up Africa & dominated
- groups (e.g Yao) resisted, but couldn't prevent their conquests
Africa in the Early 1800s
I.
a huge continent = Europe x3
II. people spoke hundreds of languages & developed varied government

III. some live in large centralised states, some in village communities
North Africa
I.
includes Sahara & fertile land along the Mediterranean
II. ruled by the Ottoman Empire until decline in early 1800s
Islamic Crusades in West Africa

I.
Islamic revival among the Fulani people in northern Nigeria

A. Usman dan Fodio denounced the corruption of the local Hausa rulers
B. wanted social & religious reforms based on the sharia (Islamic law)
C. inspired townspeople to rise up against the European rulers
D. succeeded and set up a powerful Islamic state
1. under their rule:
a) literacy increased
b) local wars quieted
c) trade improved
II. 1780 to 1880, inspired other Muslim reform movements

A. replacing old leaders
B. founding new states

III. Asante kingdom arisen
A. trade with Europeans and Muslims
B. controlled smaller states
C. attracted the attention of the European states
East Africa
I.
Islam influenced the east coast

A. e.g. Mombasa & Kilwa
II. carried on profitable trade

A. most popular was slaves
B. ivory & copper
1. for cloth & firearms from India
Southern Africa
I.
early 1800s, Zulus emerged as a major force in Africa under the lead of Shaka
A. 1818 to 1828, waged relentless war and conquered nearby peoples
B. absorbed them into Zulu regiments by encouraging rivals to forget their differences
II. the conquests also set off mass migrations and wars in Africa
A. groups driven homeless migrated north & conquered other groups to establish their own
states
III. 1830s, Boers became a threat to the Zulus
A. a.k.a. Dutch farmers from the Cape Colony
1. which was taken by the British
2. had to migrate north
a) "Great Trek"
B. fighting broke out
1. Zulu spears got defeated by the Boer guns
2. lasted till the end of the century
Impact of the Slave Trade

I.
early 1800s, Europeans started to outlaw transatlantic slave trade

A. took years to end
II. East Africa slave trade continued to Asia

III. some people helped freed slaves to resettle
IV. 1787, British organized a colony for former slaves
A. a.k.a. Sierra Leone
V. freed blacks from America settled in Liberia
A. 1847, became an independent republic
European Contact Increases

I.
1500s to 1700s, Europeans traded a lot with the Africans
II. Africans wanted the same

A. but did not want to "house" the Europeans
III. Europeans couldn't move into the interior of Africa because:
A. resistance form Africans
B. difficult geography
C. diseases
IV. 1800s, advances changed that by:
A. medical advances
B. river steamships
Explorers Advance Into Africa's Interior

I.
early 1800s, European explorers pushed into the interior of Africa

A. e.g. Mungo Park & Richard Burton
II. through great rivers such as the Nile, the Niger, and the Congo
III. fascinated by the geography
IV. understood a little about the natives
V. went through lots of hardships while exploring
Missionaries Follow Explorers

I.
Catholic & Protestant missionaries followed the explorers
II. they were sincere to help the Africans

A. built schools, medical clinics & churches
B. focused on the evils of slave trade
III. but took a paternalistic view of Africans
A. saw them as children who needed guidance
B. African cultures were degraded
C. urged them to reject their traditions & favor Western civilization
Livingstone Blazes a Trail

I.
best known explorer & missionary: Dr. David Livingstone

A. wrote about people he met
1. more sympathy than bias
B. opposed slave trade
1. believed the only way to end the cruel traffic was to open up the interior of Africa to
Christianity & trade
II. 1869, Henry Stanley, a journalist, trekked to Central Africa to find him
A. 1871, finally found him in today's Tanzania
A Scramble for Colonies

I.
King Leopold II of Belgium wanted to conquer & profit from Congo

A. hired Stanley to explore Congo River basin & sign treaties with the African leaders
B. lied that he was going to enlighten for the region
C. attracted other European nations to scramble up Congo into smaller colonies
Berlin Conference
I.
1884, Europeans met up at an international conference

A. to avoid conflicts in conquering Africa
II. Leopold's claims to the Congo Free State was recognized
A. but called for free trade on Niger & Congo rivers

III. also agreed that Europeans can't claim any part unless there's a government office
A. led to Europeans sending officials to exert their power over the local rulers
IV. 20 years later, Europeans partitioned almost the whole Africa
A. established new boarders & frontiers
B. redrew the map with little regard to the traditional patterns & ethnic boundaries
Horrors in the Congo

I.
Leopold & wealthy Belgians exploited the riches

A. copper
B. rubber
C. ivory
II. brutalized villagers

A. force to work for almost nothing
B. laborers savagely beaten or mutilated
C. = population decline
III. 1908, international outraged & forced Leopold to turn the colony to Belgian government
A. abuses ended
B. possessions still exploited
C. Africans were given no role in the government
France Extends Its Influence

I.
took great share of Africa; the colonies were as big as America
II. 1830s, invaded Algeria

A. victory costed 10,000 French lives & more times more the African lives
III. late 1800s, extended influence from the Mediterranean to Tunisia
IV. won some colonies in West & Central Africa
British Takes Its Share

I.
colonies were scattered
A. but more resources & populated

II. took chunks of West & East Africa
III. 1814, obtained Cape Colony from the Dutch in the south
IV. late 1800s, met the Boers who set up republics in the north
A. 1899 to 1902, Boer War
1. involved bitter guerrilla warfare
2. British won, but great cost
V. 1910, Cape Colony + Boer republics = Union of South Africa
A. new constitution set up a government ran by whites only
1. laid the foundation for a system of complete racial segregation that lasted till 1993
Others Join the Scramble

I.
joined to bolster the national image & further their economic growth & influence
II. Portuguese reached Angola & Mozambique

III. Italy occupied Libya & southern end of the Red Sea
IV. new German empire took Cameroon & Togo
Africans Resist Imperialism

I.
met resistance all over Africa
II. French v.s. Algerian

A. Samori Tour fought the French because he was building his own empire
III. British v.s. Zulus & Asante
A. when Asante king was exiled, the queen was in charge
B. Yaa Asantewaa led the fight of the last Asante war
C. Nehanda was a clever tactician but was captured & executed
1. ideas led the future generations to fight for freedom
IV. Germans v.s. Yao & Herero
A. fierce in Maji-Maji Rebellion of 1905
1. burnt farmland to starve thousands of locals to death
Ethiopia Survives
I.
ancient Christian kingdom managed to resist the colonization & kept its independence
II. divided up among royal princes who rules their own domains
III. late 1800s, Menelik II, a reforming ruler, modernized the country
A. hired European experts to plan modern roads & bridges
B. set up Western school system
C. imported latest weapons & European officers to train the army
IV. 1896, when Italy invaded, the Italians were defeated
A. a.k.a. the battle of Adowa
V. Ethiopia & Liberia were the only independent nations in Africa
A New African Elite Emerges

I.
a Western educated African elite emerged

A. a.k.a. upper class
II. some middle-class admire the Western ways & rejected their vulture
III. others valued their traditions & condemned Western societies
IV. early 1900s, Africans were forging nationalist movements to pursue self-determination &
independence
SECTION 3 EUROPEANS CLAIMS IN MUSLIM REGIONS

- Napoleon's Egyptian campaign highlighted Ottoman decline & the contact of
Europeans with the Muslims
Stresses in Muslim Regions

I.
Muslim lands extended from Western Africa to Southern Asia in 1500s
II. ruled much of this world
10
A. Ottomans in Middle East

B. Safavids in Persia
C. Mughals in India
Empires in Decline
I.
1700s, 3 empires declined due to:

A. central governments lost control over powerful groups such as:
1. landowning nobles
2. military elites
3. urban crafted guilts
B. corruption was wide spread
C. scholars & religious leaders helped to stir discontent against the government
1. but some in other places were allied with the state
Rise of Muslim Reform Movements

I.
1700s to 1800s, reform movements sprang up across Muslim regions in African & Asia
II. Muslim in northern Africa struggled to reform

III. in Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad announced that he was the Mahdi
A. a.k.a. the long waited savior of the faith
B. led his followers to resist the British expansion
IV. another Islamic reform movement: Wahhabi movement in Arabia
A. rejected schools of theology & law that emerged from the Ottomans
B. wanted to recapture Muhammad's original teachings
C. revolt was put down, but teachings remained until today
European Imperialism
I.
other than internal decay, they faced powerful military & diplomacy threats from Western
Imperialism
II. Europeans won treaties giving them favorable trading terms

III. demanded special rights to reside in Muslim lands
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IV. Europeans maintained their rights by intervening local affairs
Problems for the Ottoman Empire

I.
early 1800s, ambitious pashas increased their power

A. a.k.a. provincial rulers
B. led to economic problems & corruption
Nationalist Revolts Break Out

I.
nationalism caused internal revolts that weakened the multiethnic empire
II. subject peoples threatened to break away

III. Balkan states gained their independence
IV. revolts against Ottoman rule erupted
V. suppressed most, but not Egypt
European Pressure Increases

I.
Europeans benefited from this
II. 1830s, France wished to gain more land from them after taking Algeria
III. Russia wants to gain control of lands that allows them to access the Mediterranean Sea
A. Britain see this as a threat to their power there
IV. 1898, new German empire hoped to establish a Berlin-to-Baghdad railroad
Efforts to Westernize
I.
late 1700s, Ottoman rulers seen the need for reforms with Western ideas
A. reorganized bureaucracy & system of tax collection
B. built railroads
C. improved education
D. trained a modern military
E. sent men to study western science & technology
1. returned with western political ideas
F. improved medical care
G. revitalized farming
12
II. good healthcare led to population explosion

A. created an intense competition
III. officials were inspired by western ideas
A. repressive sultan rejected reforms
1. tried to rebuild the autocracy
Young Turks Demand Reform

I.
1890s, Young Turks = a liberal movement
II. insisted reforms were the only way to save the empire
III. 1908, overthrew the sultan
IV. before reforms, they were involved into the world war
Armenian Genocide
I.
traditionally, Ottomans allowed minority nationalities to live in their own communities &
practice their own religion
II. 1890s, Turkish nationalism triggered the Armenian genocide

A. accused the Christian minority for supporting the Russian plans against the Ottoman
empire
B. 1.5 million were killed or died from diseases and starvation
Egypt Seeks to Modernize

I.
early 1800s, Egypt was a semi-independent province of Ottoman Empire
II. Muhammad Ali was an ambitious soldier

A. used the opportunity created by the Napoleon invasion & the civil war to seize power in
1805
Muhammad Ali Introduces Reforms

I.
introduced political & economic reforms to:

A. improve tax collection
B. reorganize landholding system
C. back large irrigation projects to increase farm output
D. expand industries
13
E. increase Egypt participation in world trade

II. also brought military experts from Europe to train a modern army
A. conquered neighboring countries
III. 1894, died, but set Egypt to become a major power in Middle East
Building the Suez Canal

I.
successors' lacked Ali's skills

A. led to foreign control
II. 1858, French entrepreneur ordered a company to build the Suez Canal
III. Europeans gained power over the Ottomans by extending loans at high interest rates
IV. 1875, Egypt's ruler was unable to repay loans on the canal & other projects
A. sold his shares in the canal
1. bought by Britain
Becoming a British Protectorate

I.
1882, Britain made Egypt a protectorate due to the debt
II. governor was still official of the Ottomans

A. but followed British policies
III. continued to modernize under British influence
A. but nationalism led to protests & riots
Persia & the European Powers

I.
1794 to 1925, Persia ruled under absolute power

A. did take steps to introduce reforms
1. built telegraph lines & railroads
2. experimented a liberal constitution
B. failed to save Persia from Western imperialism
1. Russia wanted to expand to Central Asia to protect itself
2. Britain wanted to protect itself from losing interest on India
II. early 1900s, discovery of oil attracted foreign interest
14
A. Britain & Russia wanted control over it

1. persuade to give them concessions
a) special rights given to foreign powers
2. sent troops to protect their interests
III. nationalism outraged between two very different groups
A. one wanted to adopt Western ideas
B. one Muslim group condemned the Persian government & Western influences
SECTION 4 - THE BRITISH TAKE OVER INDIA

- for 200 years, Mughal rulers governed a powerful empire
- mid-1700s, collapsed from lacking of strong ruler
- Britain seized the chance to turn it commercial interests in the region into political
ones
East India Company & Rebellion

I.
early 1600s, the company gained trading rights on the fringe of the Mughals
II. as the empire declined, the influence grew
Exploiting Indian Diversity

I.
when Mughals were at their height, India was home to many cultures
II. when crumbled, those people were fragmented

III. they were not able to unite to fight against the British
IV. British encouraged competition & disunity among the rival princes
V. when diplomacy/intrigue did not work, they used superior weapons to overpower local rulers
Implementing British Policies

I.
EIC's main goal was to make money

A. but also worked to improve roads, preserve peace & reduce banditry
15
II. early 1800s, introduced Western education & legal procedures

A. tried to covert Indians to Christianity
III. pressed for social changes
IV. ended slavery & caste system
V. improved the position of women in a family
A. banned sati
1. a practice where widows have to throw herself on her husband's funeral fire
Growing Discontent
I.
1850s, EIC made some unpopular moves

A. required sepoys
1. soldiers on service either in India or oversea
a) overseas travel was an offense in Hindus
B. passed a law to allow widows to remarry
1. seen as undermining their beliefs
II. 1857, British issued new rifles to the sepoys

A. had to bite off the tips of cartridges before loading the guns
1. was covered in animal oil that violated their beliefs
B. troops that refused to do so were imprisoned
Rebellion & Aftermath

I.
Sepoy Rebellion spread through northern & central India

A. some sepoy regiments marched to Delhi to hail the last ruler as their leader
II. in some places, British were massacred

A. they revenged by burning villages & slaughtering thousands of unarmed Indians
III. left a bitter legacy of fear, hatred & mistrust of both sides
IV. British also changed their policies
A. ended the rule of EIC to the British crown
B. sent more troops to India
16
C. taxed them to pay the troops

D. slowed reformed that angered the Muslims & Hindus
E. continued economic benefits
Impact of British Colonial Rule

I.
1858, Parliament set up a system of colonial rule in India

A. a.k.a. British Raj
II. A British viceroy governed in the name of the queen

III. British officials held the top positions in the civil service & army
A. Indians filled up the others
IV. policies were designed to incorporate India into British overall economy
V. cooperation = modernization
A. but it meant accepting western technology & culture
An Unequal Partnership
I.
India = British market & source of raw materials

A. built roads & impressive railroad network
1. able to sell good across the subcontinent & to Britain
II. communications like telegraph gave British better control

III. 1869, British trade with India soared with the help of the Suez Canal
IV. introduced the machine-made textiles ruined the hand-weaving industry
V. encouraged nomads to settle down into farmers and grow cash crops
A. e.g. cotton & jute
VI. clearing for new farmlands also led to deforestation
Population Growth & Famine

I.
better healthcare & increased food production led to rapid population growth
A. put strain on the food supply
1. farmlands were turned into growing cash crops instead of food
II. late 1800s, terrible famine swept India
17
Benefits of British Rule

I.
brought certain degree of peace & order to the countryside
II. revised the law system to promote justice

III. transportations helped people to move around the country
IV. telegraphs & postal system improved communication
A. greater contact developed a sense of national unity
V. upper class sent their sons to Britain to receive education
VI. landowners grew rich from exporting cash crops
A. still ruled their own territories
Different Views on Culture

I.
educated Indian adopted Western culture

A. urged India to follow a Western model
II. Others felt that the answer to change lay with their own religion
Indian Attitudes
I.
early 1800s, Ram Mohun Roy combined both views

A. felt that India can learn from the west
B. founder of Hindu College in Calcutta which provided English-style education
1. many graduates established English schools all over the region
C. also wanted to reform traditional Indian culture
1. condemned rigid caste distinctions, child marriage, sati & purdah
a) isolation of women in separate quarter
D. hailed as the founder of Indian nationalism
Western Attitudes
I.
few British admired Indian theology & philosophy
II. most British knew little about them & dismissed Indian culture with contempt
18
Indian Nationalism Grows

I.
a class of Western-educated Indians emerged

A. thought to bolster British power
II. late 1800s, they were spearheading a nationalist movement

A. due to the ideas on democracy & equality
B. wanted to end imperial rule
Indian National Congress

I.
1885, nationalist leaders organized the Congress party
II. believed in peaceful protest to gain their ends

III. called for greater democracy
IV. looked ford for self-rule, but supported Western-style modernization
Muslim League
I.
Muslims & Hindus worked together for self-rule first
II. Muslims grew to resent Hindu domination of the party

III. worried Hindu-run government will oppress them
IV. 1906, formed the league to pursue their own goals
A. a.k.a. a separate state
SECTION 5 - CHINA & THE NEW IMPERIALISM

- regulations ensured the balance of trade
the difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports
- 1800s, western nations tilt the balance with their powers
Trade Between Britain & China
I.
placed strict limits on foreign trades
II. China = trade surplus
19
A. exported more than imported

III. Westerners = trade deficit
A. imported more than exported
IV. late 1700s, transform of the China-European relations
A. China was declining
B. industrialization caused the need if European goods
The Opium War

I.
late 1700s, opium from India traded for Chinese tea

A. British gained profit
B. Chinese people were addicted to the drug
1. payment for the drugs disrupted the economy
II. government outlawed opium & executed drug dealers

III. called to stop, British refused, insisting on the right of free trade
IV. 1839, Chinese warships clashed with British merchants
A. British ships were equipped well with advanced weaponries
B. China easily defeated
Unequal Treaties
I.
1842, Treaty of Nanjing signed, Britain gained

A. huge indemnity
1. payment for the loss
B. Hong Kong
C. open five more ports
D. extraterritoriality
1. right to live under their own laws in China
II. 1856 to 1858, the second war

A. France, Russia & U.S. pressured China to open more ports
1. Christianity spread in China
20
The Taiping Rebellion Weakens China

I.
1800s, Qing dynasty declined
II. 1850 to 1864, devastating peasant revolt

A. poor irrigation system
B. population explosion --> hardship for peasants
C. corruption the government system
D. poverty
III. Taiping rebels controlled large part of China for 14 years
A. got crushed by the government at last
B. 30 million people died
C. attacked by Europeans
Launching Reform Efforts

I.
mid-1800s, educated Chinese see the need to adopt Western ways

A. but wealth came from land
B. merchants were not a source prosperity
II. Christianity challenged Confucian

A. scholars believed the Confucian served China successfully for long
III. late 1800s, empress surrounded herself with advisors who were deeply committed to
Confucian
Self Strengthening Movement

I.
1860s, reformers imported western technology

A. make modern weapons
B. developed shipyards, railroads, mining & light industries
C. translated works on science, government & economy
War With Japan

I.
Japan modernize after 1868
II. 1894, First Sino-Japanese War
21
A. Japan gained Taiwan
Carving Spheres of Influence

I.
the crushing defeat revealed China's weakness
II. Western powers carve out lands like in Africa

A. British took Chang River valley
B. French acquired Indochina
C. Russia gained northern China
D. U.S. maintained trade
1. 1899, called for Open Door Policy
a) Chinese trade open to everyone on an equal basis
b) China was not consulted about this
Hundred Days of Reform

I.
reformers blamed conservative officials for not modernizing
II. 1898, Guang Xi, emperor, launched the Hundred Day of Reform
A. new laws to modernize:
1. civil service exams
2. streamline government
3. new industries
B. affected:
1. schools
2. military
3. bureaucracy
III. conservatives soon rallied against it
A. emperor imprisoned
B. empress reasserted
22
The Qing Dynasty Falls

I.
China was in turmoil
II. controlled by the foreigners

A. anger grew against the missionaries
Boxer Uprising
I.
anti-foreign feeling exploded
II. 1899, the Righteous Harmonious Fists formed

A. goal was to drive out the 'foreign devils'
B. train martial arts
III. Boxers attacked foreigners
A. multinational force formed to crush them
B. empress retreat her support
Aftermath of the Uprising

I.
concessional made
A. conservatives started to support Westernization
1. admitted women to schools
2. stressed science & mathematics
3. students abroad to study
II. expanded economically

A. mining
B. shipping
C. railroads
D. banking
E. exporting cash crops
III. business class emerged
A. working class began to press for rights
23
Three Principles of the People

I.
nationalism spread
A. wanted to strengthen government
II. early 1900s, introduced constitutional monarchy

A. some called for republic
III. early 1900s, Sun Yixian organized the Revolutionary Alliance on three principles
A. nationalism; freeing from the foreigners
B. democracy; representative government
C. livelihood; economic security for all
Birth of a Republic
I.
1908, Ci Xi died and 2 years old boy inherited throne
II. 1911, peasants, students, local warlords, court politicians toppled Qing Dynasty
III. December, Sun Yixian was named president
A. almost at war with itself & foreigners
24

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Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]

Monday, February 1st, 2016

SECTION 1 - BUILDING OVERSEAS EMPIRES

II. imperialism did not begin in the 1800s

Economic Interests Spur Expansion

Industrial Revolution created needs & desires for overseas expansions

II. colonies offered places for the growing population to go

Political & Military Motives

closely linked to economic motives

II. nationalism played an important role as well

Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]

Monday, February 1st, 2016

A. colonies were needed for national security

Humanitarian & Religious Goals

westerners believed they had a duty to spread the 'blessings'

Applying Social Darwinism

westerners embraced the ideas of Social Darwinism

The Rapid Spread of Western Imperialism

1870 to 1914, imperialist nations spread through the globe

II. imperial expansion found favor with all classes

Weakness of Non-Western States

II. well-organized governments

Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]

Monday, February 1st, 2016

Africans & Asians strongly resisted the westerners

Facing Criticism at Home

a group of anti-imperialists emerged, some said that:

Forms of Imperial Rule

developed different kinds of colonial rule

Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]

Monday, February 1st, 2016

1. outside powers claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges

SECTION 2 - THE PARTITION OF AFRICA

a huge continent = Europe x3

II. people spoke hundreds of languages & developed varied government

includes Sahara & fertile land along the Mediterranean

II. ruled by the Ottoman Empire until decline in early 1800s

Islamic Crusades in West Africa

Islamic revival among the Fulani people in northern Nigeria

II. 1780 to 1880, inspired other Muslim reform movements

Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]

Monday, February 1st, 2016

B. founding new states

Islam influenced the east coast

II. carried on profitable trade

Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]

Monday, February 1st, 2016

Impact of the Slave Trade

early 1800s, Europeans started to outlaw transatlantic slave trade

II. East Africa slave trade continued to Asia

European Contact Increases

1500s to 1700s, Europeans traded a lot with the Africans

II. Africans wanted the same

Explorers Advance Into Africa's Interior

early 1800s, European explorers pushed into the interior of Africa

Chapter 12: The New Imperialism [1800 - 1914]

Monday, February 1st, 2016

Missionaries Follow Explorers

Catholic & Protestant missionaries followed the explorers

II. they were sincere to help the Africans

Livingstone Blazes a Trail

best known explorer & missionary: Dr. David Livingstone