Development of Periodic Table?

How are elements organized

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Text

Vocab

Text Dependent
Questions
How did the first scientific
discovery of elements occur?

Development of the periodic table

How did Alchemy attribute to

the production of elements?
Image: White phosphorus

Elements

Although elements such as gold, silver, tin, copper, lead and mercury have
been known since earliest times, the first scientific discovery of an element
occurred in 1649. Hennig Brand, a German alchemist, treated urine to a
series of processes that resulted in the production of the element phosphorus.

Discovery

Over the next 200 years, a great deal of knowledge about elements and

Alchemy
Compounds

What classification schemes

might be used for gold, silver,
tin, and copper?

Development of Periodic Table?

How are elements organized

compounds was gained. By the middle of the 19th century, about 60 elements
had been discovered.
Scientists began to recognize patterns in the properties of these elements and
set about developing classification schemes:

In 1862, French geologist Alexandre-Emile Bguyer de

Chancourtois listed the elements on paper tape and
wound them, spiral like, around a cylinder. Certain threes
of elements with similar properties came together down
the cylinder. He called his model the telluric screw.

Schemes
Properties
Describe the telluric screw
and why was it useful?

Chemist

What is the law of octaves?

Atomic Weight

In 1864, English chemist John

Newlands noticed that, if the
elements were arranged in order of
atomic weight, there was a periodic
similarity every 8 elements. He
proposed his law of octaves on
this.

Molar Mass
Volume
Image: Dmitri Mendeleev

In 1869, Lothar Meyer complied

a periodic table of 56 elements
based on a regular repeating
pattern of physical properties such
as molar volume. Once again, the
elements were arranged in order of
increasing atomic weights.

What repeating property is

essential in the organization of
elements?

Periodic Table

Discovered

How are redundancies created

to allow the periodic to expand
if new elements are
discovered?

Development of Periodic Table?

How are elements organized

Image: William Ramsay

Also in 1869, Russian chemist
Dmitri Mendeleev produced a
periodic table based on atomic
weights but arranged periodically.
Elements with similar properties
appeared under each other. Gaps
were left for yet to be discovered
elements.

In 1894, William Ramsay

discovered the noble gases and
realized that they represented a
new group in the periodic table.

In 1914, Henry Moseley determined

the atomic number of each of the
known elements. He realized that,
if the elements were arranged in
order of increasing atomic number
rather than atomic weight, they
gave a better fit within the
periodic table.

In 1940, Glenn Seaborg artificially

produced heavy mass elements
such as neptunium. These new
elements were part of a new block
of the periodic table called

Noble Gases

What did William Ramsay

discover?
Atomic Number

Image: Glenn Seaborg

Actinides

What is the purpose of

determining the atomic
number of each element?

What are actinides?

Development of Periodic Table?

How are elements organized

actinides.

The periodic table today

Most school science laboratories have a copy of the periodic table pinned to a
wall somewhere.

Metalloids

Close inspection of the table shows the following distribution of types of

element.

Investigating
Reviewed

How would Antimony be useful

in everyday life?

Rigorous

Why is it essential to have

research reviewed and
examined?
Most of the elements are metals. Metalloids are elements that have some of the
physical properties of metals but some of the chemical properties of nonmetals. Antimony, for example, conducts electricity but its chemistry resembles
that of the non-metal phosphorus.
Scientists are constantly working on discovering new materials and further
investigating the properties of existing elements. The periodic table can be
reviewed and new elements can be added, but only added after rigorous

Development of Periodic Table?

How are elements organized

scientific examination. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

(IUPAC) verifies the additions of new elements and at the end of 2015 the 7th
period of the periodic table of elements was completed.