KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas Rahmat, Taufik dan Hidayah-Nya,
Alhamdulillah penulis dapat menyelesaikan diagnosis komunitas ini yang berjudul
Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Kesehatan Keluarga dengan Kejadian
Demam Berdarah Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung Periode
Januari dan Februari 2016, sebagai salah satu syarat menyelesaikan Kapaniteraan
Klinik Ilmu Kedokteran Komunitas.
Dalam kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada:
1. dr.Zayadi Zainudin, M.Pd Ked

selaku penguji laporan diagnosis

komunitas ini.
2. dr.Wahyu Sudarsono selaku penguji laporan diagnosis komunitas ini.
3. dr. RA Yeni Warningsih selaku pembimbing laporan diagnosis komunitas
ini, dan sekaligus selaku dokter pembimbing penulis di Puskesmas Ratu
Agung Kota Bengkulu.
4. Ibu Yuhartini, S.KM selaku pemegang program Pemberantasan Penyakit
Menular di Puskesmas Ratu Agung Kota Bengkulu.
5. Seluruh masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung Kota
Bengkulu.
Bengkulu, Maret 2016

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................
i
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................
ii
DAFTAR TABEL.....................................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................
iv
KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................
v
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar
Belakang
...........................................................................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan
Masalah
...........................................................................................................................
2
1.3 Tujuan
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.3.1
Tujuan
Umum
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.3.2
Tujuan
Khusus
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.4 Manfaat
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.4.1
Masyarakat
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.4.2
Penulis
...........................................................................................................................
4
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Demam
Berdarah
Dengue
(DBD)
..................................................................................................................
5
2.1.1
Definisi
..........................................................................................................................
5

2.1.2
Etiologi
..........................................................................................................................
5
2.1.3
Epidemiologi
..........................................................................................................................
5
2.1.4
Faktor
Risiko
..........................................................................................................................
7
2.1.5
Tanda
dan
Gejala
..........................................................................................................................
7
2.1.6
Kriteria
Diagnosis
..........................................................................................................................
8
2.1.7
Pengobatan
..........................................................................................................................
9
2.1.8
Faktor
yang
mempengaruhi
..........................................................................................................................
10
2.2 Peran Dan Kegiatan Puskesmas Dalam Pengendalian DBD.
..................................................................................................................
14
2.2.1
Kebijakan
Nasional
Pengendalian
DBD
..........................................................................................................................
14
2.2.2
Strategi
Pengendalian
DBD
..........................................................................................................................
15
2.2.3
Kegiatan
Pokok
Pengendalian
DBD
..........................................................................................................................
15
2.3 Diagnosis
Komunitas
..................................................................................................................
18
2.3.1
Langkah
Diagnosis
Komunitas
..........................................................................................................................
20
2.4 Kerangka
konsep
..................................................................................................................
21
BAB III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1 Desain
Survei
...............................................................................................................
22

3.2 Tempat
dan
Waktu
...............................................................................................................
22
3.3 Sasaran
dan
Sampel
...........................................................................................................................
22
3.4 Instrumen
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................................
22
3.5 Variabel
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................................
22
3.5.1
Variabel
Bebas
..........................................................................................................................
22
3.5.2
Variabel
Terikat
..........................................................................................................................
23
3.5.3
Variabel
Perancu
..........................................................................................................................
23
3.5.4 Definisi Operasional dan Skala Pengukuran Variabel
..........................................................................................................................
23
3.6 Kriteria
Inklusi
...........................................................................................................................
26
3.7 Kriteria
Eksklusi
...........................................................................................................................
26
BAB IV PENYAJIAN DATA
4.1 Profil Puskesmas Ratu Agung...........................................................................
27
4.1.1
Visi
dan
Misi
..........................................................................................................................
27
4.1.1.1
Visi
.................................................................................................................
27
4.1.1.2
Misi
.................................................................................................................
27
4.1.2
Data
geografis
dan
demografis
..........................................................................................................................
27
4.1.2.1Wilayah
kerja

.................................................................................................................
27
4.1.2.2
Data
penduduk
.................................................................................................................
28
4.1.3
Sumber
Daya
Kesehatan
..........................................................................................................................
28
4.1.4
Sarana
Pelayanan
Kesehatan
..........................................................................................................................
29
4.2 Prevalensi Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung....
31
BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
5.1 Data Dasar Responden.........................................................................................
33
5.1.1
Usia
dan
Jenis
Kelamin
.............................................................................................................................
33
5.1.2
Pendidikan
dan
Pekerjaan
.............................................................................................................................
33
5.1.3
Pemeriksaan
Laboratorium
.............................................................................................................................
34
5.2 Identifikasi Masalah.............................................................................................
35
5.2.1
Tingkat
Pengetahuan
Responden
.............................................................................................................................
35
5.2.2
Perilaku
Kesehatan
Responden
.............................................................................................................................
36
5.2.2.1 Kebiasaan Membersihkan dan Menutup tempat Penampungan Air
.............................................................................................................................
36
5.2.2.2
Kebiasaan
Menguras
Tempat
Penampungan
Air
.............................................................................................................................
37
5.2.2.4 Kebiasaan Membuang Sampah Pada Tempatnya Atau Membakarnya
.............................................................................................................................
38
5.2.2.5
Kebiasaan
Menggantung
Pakaian
.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.6
Kebiasaan
Memakai
kelambu

.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.7
Kebiasaan
Memakai
Lotion
Anti
Nyamuk
.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.8
Kebiasaan
Memelihara
Ikan
Pemakan
Jentik
.............................................................................................................................
40
5.2.2.9
Kebiasaan
Memakai
Lotion
Anti
Nyamuk
.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.10
Kebiasaan
Memelihara
Ikan
Pemakan
Jentik
.............................................................................................................................
40
5.3 Penentuan Prioritas Masalah................................................................................
42
5.4 Solusi dan Alternatif penyelesaian Masalah.........................................................
44
5.5 Rencana Intervensi...............................................................................................
44
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
6.1 Kesimpulan..........................................................................................................
46
6.2 Saran.....................................................................................................................
47

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................................
47
LAMPIRAN...............................................................................................................
48

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional mengenai pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap DBD

....................................................................................................................................
23
Tabel 3.2 Definisi Operasional Perilaku Kesehatan...................................................
24
Tabel 4.2 Hasil pengujian laju hemaglutinasi pada sel darah merah manusia (A, B,
AB dan O) dari ekstrak biji A. Pavonina yang telah disentrifuse 2
(pellet)
.................................................................................................................
26
Tabel 4.3 Hasil pengujian laju hemaglutinasi pada sel darah merah manusia (A, B,
AB dan O) dari ekstrak biji A. Pavonina yang telah didialisis

.................................................................................................................
28
Tabel 4.4 Absorbansi Larutan Standar BSA (=540 nm)..........................................
30
Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengukuran Konsentrasi Protein ketiga ekstrak biji A. pavonina....
31

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Insiden Rate DBD per 100.000 penduduk dan Case Fatality Rate
(CFR)
di
Indonesia
tahun
2005

2010
............................................................................................................
6
Gambar 2.2 Grafik Insiden Rate (IR) DBD di Indonesia tahun 2010....................
6
Gambar 2.3 Sel Darah Merah Yang Mengalami Aglutinasi......................................
13
Gambar 2.4 Kerangka Teori......................................................................................
14
Gambar 2.5 Kerangka Berfikir..................................................................................
15
Gambar 4.1 Aktivitas Lektin.....................................................................................
25
A.
Kontrol
Negatif
............................................................................................................
25
B.
Pengujian
Menggunakan
Ekstrak
Sentrifugasi
1
............................................................................................................
25
Gambar 4.2 Aktivitas Lektin.....................................................................................
27
A.
Kontrol
Negatif
............................................................................................................
27
B.
Pengujian
Menggunakan
Ekstrak
Sentrifugasi
2
............................................................................................................
27
Gambar 4.3 Aktivitas Lektin.....................................................................................
29
A.
Kontrol
Negatif
............................................................................................................
29
B.
Pengujian
Menggunakan
Ekstrak
yang
Didialisis
............................................................................................................
29
Gambar 4.4 Kurva Standar BSA..............................................................................
30
Gambar4.6 Hasil Penentuan Konsentrasi Kadar Protein Biji A. Pavonina
Menggunakan
Metode
BSA
............................................................................................................
32

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Komposisi Kemikalia.......
46
Lampiran 2. Hasil Pengukuran Laju Hemaglutinasi Sel Darah Merah Manusia (A,
B,
AB
da
O)
diamati
dalam
200
detik
...............................................................................................................
49
Lampiran 3. Pembuatan Kurva Standar BSA............................................................
50
Lampiran 4.Perhitungan Konsentrasi Protein Ekstrak Biji Saga (Adenanthera
pavonina
...............................................................................................................
53
Lampiran 5. Alokasi Waktu Penelitian.......................................................................
54
Lampiran 6. Dokumentasi Penelitian.........................................................................
55