Oleh:
Haryo Kusuma Pratama
106091002927
Oleh:
Haryo Kusuma Pratama
106091002927
iii
iv
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
Halaman Judul ............................................................................................. ii
Persetujuan Penguji ...................................................................................... iii
Halaman Pengesahan ................................................................................... iv
Halaman Pernyataan .................................................................................... v
Abstrak ........................................................................................................ vi
Kata Pengantar ............................................................................................. vii
Daftar Isi....................................................................................................... ix
Daftar Gambar ............................................................................................. xiii
Daftar Tabel ................................................................................................. xvi
Daftar Lampiran ........................................................................................... xvii
Daftar Istilah ................................................................................................. xviii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
ix
4.1.2.1.2
4.1.2.1.3
4.1.2.1.4
4.1.2.1.5
4.1.2.1.6
xi
4.1.2.1.7
4.1.2.1.8
4.1.2.1.9
xii
ABSTRAK
Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST) adalah salah satu cabang ilmu dari bidang
ilmu Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) dan merupakan alat untuk
memecahkan
masalah
terutama
di
bidang-bidang
yang
melibatkan
PERNYATAAN
DENGAN INI SAYA MENYATAKAN BAHWA SKRIPSI INI BENARBENAR HASIL KARYA SENDIRI YANG BELUM PERNAH DIAJUKAN
SEBAGAI SKRIPSI ATAU KARYA ILMIAH PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI
ATAU LEMBAGA MANAPUN.
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Bismillahirrahmannirrahiim
Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, yang telah
memberikan
rahmat,
taufik
dan
hidayah-Nya,
sehingga
penulis
dapat
vii
Penulis
viii
DAFTAR ISTILAH
Blackbox
Coding
Design
Error
Kesalahan.
JST
Planning
Recognition
Pengenalan
Signature
Testing
Training
Pelatihan.
UML
User
User Friendly
VB
Visual Basic
xviii
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1
"tanda") atau Paraf adalah tulisan tangan, yang diberikan gaya tulisan tertentu dari
nama seseorang atau tanda identifikasi lainnya yang ditulis pada dokumen sebagai
sebuah bukti dari identitas dan kemauan. Tanda tangan berlaku sebagai segel.
Fungsi tanda tangan adalah untuk pembuktian. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari,
tanda tangan digunakan sebagai identifikasi dari pemilik tanda tangan.
Keberadaan tanda tangan dalam sebuah dokumen menyatakan bahwa pihak yang
menandatangani, mengetahui dan menyetujui seluruh isi dari dokumen.
Pembubuhan tanda tangan sering dijumpai pada kegiatan administrasi perbankan,
seperti: transaksi penarikan uang secara tunai, penyetoran, kliring giro dan
transaksi perbankan lainnya. Pada zaman teknologi ini, pencocokan karakteristik
tanda tangan dengan pemiliknya dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan komputer,
sehingga akan menghemat waktu bila dibandingkan dengan melakukannya secara
manual. Caranya adalah dengan menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST).
Metode JST yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pengenalan terhadap
karakteristik tanda tangan adalah metode Perceptron dan Backpropagation.
Metode Perceptron merupakan bentuk jaringan syaraf yang digunakan untuk
mengklasifikasikan suatu pola tertentu yang sering dikenal dengan pemisahan
secara linear. Algoritma yang digunakan oleh aturan Perceptron ini akan
merupakan
salah
satu
algoritma
pembelajaran
yang
1.2
Perumusan Masalah
Pencocokan karakteristik tanda tangan dengan pemiliknya dapat dilakukan
pengenalan ini, maka dibutuhkan sebuah aplikasi yang menerapkan metode JST
untuk melatih dan mengenali pola tanda tangan. Yang menjadi permasalahan
adalah:
1. bagaimana menerapkan salah satu teknik pengolahan citra, yaitu proses
thresholding (pengambangan), untuk mengubah gambar scan tanda tangan
menjadi gambar hitam putih,
2. bagaimana melakukan proses ekstraksi ciri terhadap gambar hitam putih,
3. bagaimana melakukan pembelajaran pola tanda tangan melalui fase pelatihan
(training) dengan menggunakan metode Perceptron dan Backpropagation,
4. bagaimana melakukan pengenalan terhadap pola tanda tangan dengan
menggunakan metode Perceptron dan Backpropagation, dan
5. bagaimana mencatat waktu eksekusi dan keakuratan dari masing-masing
metode, sehingga dapat dibandingkan hasilnya.
1.3
1.4
Pembatasan Masalah
Pembatasan masalah dalam merancang perangkat lunak ini antara lain :
dapat
memilih
untuk
menggunakan
metode
Perceptron
atau
1.5
Metodologi Penelitian
Adapun metodologi penelitian yang dilakukan, terbagi atas:
1.6
Sistematika Penulisan
Sistematika penulisan tugas akhir ini dibagi menjadi 5 bab, dengan
PENDAHULUAN
Pada bab ini, akan dibahas mengenai latar belakang pemilihan
judul, perumusan masalah, tujuan dan manfaat, pembatasan
masalah, metodologi penelitian serta sistematika penulisan.
BAB II
LANDASAN TEORI
Bab ini berisi landasan teori yang berhubungan dengan sistem
biometrika, jaringan syaraf tiruan, arsitektur jaringan, metode
Perceptron, metode Backpropagation, pre-processing, tinjauan
pustaka mengenai hasil penelitian yang sudah ada dan teori
mengenai bahasa pemograman Microsoft Visual Basic, serta
database Microsoft Access.
BAB III
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Pada bab ini, akan dibahas mengenai metodologi penelitian yang
digunakan dalam menyelesaian tugas akhir ini.
BAB IV
BAB V
BAB II
LANDASAN TEORI
2.1
Sistem Biometrika
2.1.1
Pengertian
Badanmu adalah password-mu itulah ungkapan yang sering melekat
dan
karakteristik
perilaku
(behavioral
characteristics).
Biometrika berdasarkan karakteristik fisiologis / fisik menggunakan bagianbagian fisik dari tubuh seseorang sebagai kode unik untuk pengenalan, seperti
DNA, telinga, jejak panas pada wajah, geometri tangan, pembuluh tangan, wajah,
sidik jari, iris, telapak tangan, retina, telinga, gigi dan bau (komposisi kimia) dari
8
10
2.1.2
sebagai biometrika. Ada beberapa persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi agar bagian
tubuh atau perilaku manusia dapat digunakan sebagai biometrika, antara lain:
11
diterima
(acceptability),
artinya
masyarakat
mau
menerima
12
2.1.3
Tanda Tangan
Tanda tangan (Inggris: signature berasal dari Latin: signare yang berarti
"tanda") atau Paraf adalah tulisan tangan, terkadang diberi gaya tulisan tertentu
dari nama seseorang atau tanda identifikasi lainnya yang ditulis pada dokumen
sebagai sebuah bukti dari identitas dan kemauan. Tanda tangan berlaku sebagai
segel.
Sejak berabad-abad lamanya, tanda tangan digunakan untuk membuktikan
otentikasi pada dokumen kertas, misalnya: surat, piagam, ijazah, buku, karya seni
dan sebagainya. Tanda tangan mempunyai karakteristik sebagai berikut:
1. Tanda tangan adalah bukti yang otentik.
2. Tanda tangan tidak dapat dilupakan.
3. Tanda tangan tidak dapat dipindah untuk digunakan ulang.
4. Dokumen yang telah ditandatangani adalah valid dan tidak dapat diubah.
5. Tanda tangan tidak dapat disangkal (repudiation).
(Schneier, 1996, 34-35)
2.2
Kecerdasan Buatan
2.2.1
Pengertian
Kecerdasan buatan atau Artificial Intelligence (AI) merupakan salah satu
bagian ilmu komputer yang membuat agar mesin (komputer) dapat melakukan
pekerjaan seperti dan sebaik yang dilakukan oleh manusia. AI adalah cabang dari
ilmu komputer yang mempelajari automatisasi tingkah laku cerdas.
13
14
15
Definisi AI
The existing new effort to make computers think machine with mind, in
full, and literal sense (Haugeland, 1985)
The automation of activities that we associate with human thinking,
activities such as decision making, problem solving, learning
(Bellman, 1978)
The study of mental faculties through the use of computasional models
16
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Dari beberapa definisi pada tabel 2.1, definisi AI dapat dibagi dalam empat
kategori, yaitu:
1. Sistem yang dapat berpikir seperti manusia Thinking humanly
2. Sistem yang dapat bertingkah laku seperti manusia Acting humanly
3. Sistem yang dapat berpikir secara rasional Thinking rationally
4. Sistem yang dapat bertingkah laku secara rasional Acting rationally
Secara historis, keempat pendekatan tersebut telah dilakukan. Pendekatan
manusia haruslah merupakan suatu ilmu empiris, termasuk hipotesa dan
konfirmasi percobaan dan pendekatan rasional meliputi kombinasi dari
matematika dan rekayasa. (Desiani dan Arhami, 2005, 3)
2.2.2
Sejarah
AI termasuk bidang ilmu yang relatif muda. Pada tahun 1950-an para
ilmuan dan peneliti mulai memikirkan bagaimana caranya agar mesin dapat
17
melakukan pekerjaannya seperti yang bisa dikerjakan oleh manusia. Alan Turing,
seorang matematikawan dari Inggris pertama kali mengusulkan adanya tes untuk
melihat bisa tidaknya sebuah mesin dikatakan cerdas. Hasil tes tersebut kemudian
dikenal dengan Turing Test, dimana si mesin tersebut menyamar seolah-olah
sebagai seseorang di dalam suatu permainan yang mampu memberikan respon
terhadap serangkaian pertanyaan yang diajukan. Turing beranggapan bahwa, jika
mesin dapat membuat seseorang percaya bahwa dirinya mampu berkomunikasi
dengan orang lain, maka dapat dikatakan bahwa mesin tersebut cerdas, seperti
layaknya manusia.
AI itu sendiri dimunculkan oleh seorang profesor dari Massachusetts
Institute of Technology yang bernama John McCarthy pada tahun 1956 pada
Darmouth Conference yang dihadiri oleh para peneliti AI. Pada konferensi
tersebut juga didefinisikan tujuan utama dari kecerdasan buatan, yaitu mengetahui
dan memodelkan proses-proses berpikir manusia dan mendesain mesin agar dapat
menirukan kelakuan mesin tersebut.
Beberapa program AI yang mulai dibuat pada tahun 1956-1966, antara
lain:
1. Logic Theorist, diperkenalkan pada Dartmouth Conference, program ini dapat
membuktikan teorema-teorema matematika.
2. Sad Sam, diprogram oleh Robert K. Lindsay (1960). Program ini dapat
mengetahui kalimat-kalimat sederhana yang ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris dan
mampu memberikan jawaban dari fakta-fakta yang didengar dalam sebuah
percakapan.
18
2.2.3
pesatnya
perkembangan
teknologi
menyebabkan
adanya
19
menentukan
alternatif
pengeksplorasian
ruang
permasalahan.
20
2.2.4
oleh manusia), kecerdasan buatan (AI) memiliki beberapa keuntungan antara lain:
1. AI lebih bersifat permanen.
Kecerdasan alami akan cepat mengalami perubahan. Hal ini dimungkinkan
karena sifat manusia yang pelupa. AI tidak akan berubah sepanjang sistem
komputer dan program tidak diubah.
2. AI lebih mudah diduplikasi dan disebarkan.
Mentransfer pengetahuan manusia dari satu orang ke orang lain membutuhkan
proses yang sangat lama, dan keahlian itu juga tidak akan pernah dapat
diduplikasi dengan lengkap. Oleh karena itu, jika pengetahuan terletak pada
21
22
1. Kreatif.
Kemampuan untuk menambah ataupun memenuhi pengetahuan itu sangat
melekat pada jiwa manusia. Pada kecerdasan buatan, untuk menambah
pengetahuan harus dilakukan melalui sistem yang dibangun.
2. Kecerdasan alami memungkinkan orang untuk menggunakan pengalaman
secara langsung. Sedangkan AI buatan harus berkerja dengan input-input
simbolik.
3. Pemikiran manusia dapat digunakan secara luas, sedangkan AI sangat terbatas.
(Kusumadewi, 2003, 4)
2.2.5
kecerdasan
Pemograman
Konvensional
Algoritmik
Harus lengkap
Biasanya
didasarkan
pada
algoritma
Biasanya tidak disediakan
Data dan Informasi
23
Struktur
Sifat Output
Pemeliharan dan
update
Kemampuan
menalar
2.3
Kontrol dipisahkan
pengetahuan
Kuantitatif
Relatif mudah
Ya
dengan
Tidak
2.3.1
Otak Manusia
Otak manusia berisi berjuta-juta sel syaraf yang bertugas untuk memproses
24
25
2.3.2
antar
neuron
tersebut.
Neuron-neuron
tersebut
akan
26
Nilai Input
Neuron-neuron pada
lapisan input
Neuron-neuron pada
lapisan tersembunyi
Neuron-neuron pada
lapisan output
Nilai Output
27
2.3.3
Arsitektur Jaringan
Umumnya, neuron-neuron yang terletak pada lapisan yang sama akan
memiliki keadaan yang sama. Pada setiap lapisan yang sama, neuron-neuron akan
memiliki fungsi aktivasi yang sama. Apabila neuron-neuron dalam suatu lapisan
akan dihubungkan dengan neuron-neuron pada lapisan yang lain, maka setiap
neuron pada lapisan tersebut juga harus dihubungkan dengan setiap lapisan pada
lapisan lainnya. Ada beberapa arsitektur jaringan syaraf, antara lain:
1. Jaringan dengan lapisan tunggal (single layer net)
Jaringan dengan lapisan tunggal hanya memiliki satu lapisan dengan bobotbobot terhubung. Jaringan hanya menerima input kemudian secara langsung
akan mengolahnya menjadi output tanpa harus melalui lapisan tersembunyi
(gambar 2.5). Pada gambar 2.5, lapisan input memiliki 3 neuron, yaitu X1, X2
dan X3. Sedangkan pada lapisan output memiliki 2 neuron, yaitu Y1 dan Y2.
Neuron-neuron pada kedua lapisan saling berhubungan. Seberapa besar
hubungan antara 2 neuron ditentukan oleh bobot yang bersesuaian. Semua unit
input akan dihubungkan dengan setiap unit output.
28
29
30
2.4
Metode Perceptron
Perceptron terdiri suatu input dan output. Perceptron merupakan bentuk
paling sederhana dari JST yang biasanya digunakan untuk pengklasifikasian jenis
pola khusus yang biasa disebut linearly separable (pola-pola yang terletak pada
sisi yang berlawanan pada suatu bidang). Fungsi aktivasi yang digunakan
algoritma Perceptron adalah fungsi hard limiting. Output unit akan bernilai 1 bila
jumlah bobot input lebih besar daripada threshold. Nilai threshold pada fungsi
aktivasi adalah non-negatif. (Desiani, 2006, 178)
Algoritma Perceptron dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut:
1. Inisialisasi Bobot
Set semua bobot dan threshold () untuk bilangan acak kecil atau sama
dengan nilai 0.
2. Kalkulasi aktivasi
31
Yk = Fh ( X iWki + )
i 1
32
4. Ulangi iterasi hingga mencapai konvergensi atau tidak ada bobot yang
berubah pada langkah 3. (Desiani, 2006, 178-179)
2.5
Metode Backpropagation
Backpropagation merupakan metode pembelajaran yang terawasi dan
33
1
1 + e-x
34
1.
2.
0.
Inisialisasi bobot (ambil bobot awal dengan nilai random yang kecil).
Tentukan pula nilai angka pembelajaran (), nilai toleransi error (bila
menggunakan nilai ambang sebagai kondisi berhenti) dan set maksimum
epoch (bila menggunakan banyaknya epoch sebagai kondisi berhenti).
1.
While kondisi berhenti tidak terpenuhi, maka untuk setiap pasangan elemen
yang akan dilatih, lakukan langkah ke-2 sampai ke-8.
Tahap Feedforward
2.
Setiap input xi (dari unit ke-1 sampai unit ke-n pada lapisan input)
mengirimkan sinyal input ke semua unit yang ada di lapisan atasnya (ke
lapisan tersembunyi): xi.
3.
z_inj = v0j +
x v
i ij
i 1
35
4.
y_ink = w0k +
w jk
j 1
6.
_inj =
k 1
w jk
36
kalikan nilai ini dengan turunan dari fungsi aktivasinya untuk menghitung
informasi error:
j = _inj f(z_inj)
kemudian hitung koreksi bobot (yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk
memperbaiki nilai vij):
vij = j xi
hitung juga koreksi bias (yang nantinya akan digunakan untuk memperbaiki
nilai v0j):
v0j = j
Tahap Update Bobot dan Bias
7.
8.
Tes kondisi berhenti, bila mencapai maksimum epoch atau kuadrat error <
target error. (Puspitaningrum, 2006, 129-130)
Algoritma
backpropagation
pengenalan
hanya
perlu
(recognition)
menjalankan
dengan
tahap
menggunakan
feedforward
hingga
37
2.6
Pre-Processing
2.6.1
Proses Pengambangan
Proses pengambangan (thresholding) akan menghasilkan citra biner, yaitu
citra yang memiliki dua nilai tingkat keabuan, yaitu hitam dan putih. Secara
umum, proses pengambangan citra grayscale untuk menghasilkan citra biner
adalah sebagai berikut:
1, if f(x, y) > T
g(x,y)
0, if f(x,y) < T
dengan g(x,y) adalah citra biner dari citra grayscale f(x, y), dan T menyatakan
nilai ambang (threshold) yang bernilai di antara 1-255. Nilai T memegang peran
sangat penting dalam proses pengambangan. Kualitas hasil citra biner sangat
tergantung pada nilai T yang digunakan. (Putra, 2009, 110)
2.6.2
Ekstraksi Ciri
Proses ekstraksi ciri berfungsi untuk mengubah suatu pola menjadi
38
2.7
39
40
Gadjah
Mada),
Perceptron
digunakan
untuk
melakukan
menggunakan
algoritma
Perceptron,
ternyata
bisa
dilakukan
pengklasifikasian pola huruf. Meskipun dalam pelatihan data yang sedikit, saat
pengujiannya hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa beberapa pola tidak sesuai
dengan klasifikasi polanya tetapi persentase ketidaksesuaian ini lebih kecil
dibandingkan dengan pengujian data yang memiliki data pelatihan lebih banyak.
41
2.8
2.8.1
Sejarah Singkat
Berikut ini adalah point-point penting dalam sejarah perkembangan Visual
2.8.2
Struktur Aplikasi
Struktur aplikasi (proyek) terdiri dari:
42
43
2.8.3
Tampilan Layar
Tampilan layar Microsof Visual Basic terdiri dari:
1. Main Windows (jendela utama) terdiri dari title bar (baris judul), menu bar
dan toolbar. Baris judul berisi nama proyek, mode operasi Visual Basic
sekarang dan form yang aktif. Menu bar merupakan menu drop-down dimana
programmer dapat mengatur operasi dari lingkungan Visual Basic. Toolbar
berisi kumpulan gambar yang mewakili perintah yang ada di menu. Jendela
utama juga menampilkan lokasi dari form yang aktif relatif terhadap sudur kiri
atas layar (satuan ukurannya twips), juga panjang dan lebar dari form yang
aktif.
44
45
4. Toolbox adalah kumpulan dari objek yang digunakan untuk membuat user
interface serta kontrol bagi program aplikasi. Ada dua cara untuk
menempatkan kontrol pada suatu form, yaitu:
a. Klik ganda kontrol di dalam toolbox. Selanjutnya, kita dapat mengubah
besar dan ukurannya serta memindahkannya dengan metode drag and
drop.
b. Klik kontrol di dalam toolbox, kemudian pindahkan pointer mouse pada
jendela form. Kursor berubah menjadi tanda tambah (cross). Tempatkan
mouse pointer pada sudut kiri atas dimana kontrol ingin diletakkan, tekan
tombol mouse kiri dan tahan ketika menyeret (drag) kursor ke arah sudut
kanan bawah.
Pointer
Picture Box
Label
Text Box
Frame
Command Button
Check Box
Combo Box
Horizontal Scroll Bar
Timer
Directory List Box
Option Button
List Box
Vertical Scroll Bar
Drive List Box
File List Box
Shape
Line
Image
Data
OLE
46
47
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access (atau Microsoft Office Access) adalah sebuah program
aplikasi basis data komputer relasional yang ditujukan untuk kalangan rumahan
dan perusahaan kecil hingga menengah. Aplikasi ini merupakan anggota dari
beberapa aplikasi Microsoft Office, selain tentunya Microsoft Word, Microsoft
Excel, dan Microsoft PowerPoint. Aplikasi ini menggunakan mesin basis data
Microsoft Jet Database Engine, dan juga menggunakan tampilan grafis yang
intuitif sehingga memudahkan pengguna. Versi terakhir adalah Microsoft Office
Access 2007 yang termasuk ke dalam Microsoft Office System 2007.
Microsoft Access dapat menggunakan data yang disimpan di dalam format
Microsoft Access, Microsoft Jet Database Engine, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle
Database, atau semua kontainer basis data yang mendukung standar ODBC. Para
pengguna
programmer
yang
mahir
dapat
menggunakannya
untuk
(http://office.microsoft.com/en-
gb/access-help/introduction-to-importing-and-exporting-data-HA101790599.aspx)
BAB III
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1
Studi Pustaka
Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sumber referensi
dari buku teks ataupun internet mengenai cara kerja metode Perceptron
dan Backpropagation.
2.
Sampling
Penulis mengumpulkan beberapa contoh gambar tanda tangan dari
internet ataupun secara manual, untuk kebutuhan pengujian terhadap
aplikasi.
3.2.
48
49
50
2. Generasi Kode
Desain harus diterjemahkan ke dalam bentuk kode mesin yang dapat dibaca.
Jika desain dilakukan dengan cara yang lengkap, pembuatan kode dapat
diselesaikan dengan baik.
3. Pengujian
Sekali kode dibuat, pengujian program dimulai. Proses pengujian berfokus
pada logika internal perangkat lunak, memastikan bahwa semua pernyataan
sudah diuji, dan pada eksternal fungsional, yaitu mengarahkan pengujian
untuk menemukan kesalahan dan memastikan bahwa input yang dibatasi akan
memberikan hasil aktual yang sesuai dengan hasil yang dibutuhkan.
Model sekuensial linier adalah paradigma rekayasa perangkat lunak yang
paling luas dipakai dan paling tua. (Pressman, 2002)
Tahapan analisis akan mencakup analisis kebutuhan sistem serta analisis
proses kerja aplikasi yang digambarkan secara umum dengan menggunakan
flowchart.
3.3
51
1. Aplikasi harus menyediakan fitur penggambaran tanda tangan oleh user. Cara
melakukan penggambaran adalah dengan click-and-drag dengan mouse.
2. Aplikasi dapat menerima input berupa gambar scan tanda tangan dalam
format bmp, jpg atau gif dan melakukan proses pengambangan (thresholding)
untuk mengubah gambar menjadi gambar biner.
3. Aplikasi harus mampu menambah pengetahuan pola tanda tangan dan
identitas pemiliknya di dalam database melalui proses pelatihan dengan
menggunakan metode Perceptron dan Backpropagation.
4. Aplikasi harus mampu melakukan proses pengenalan terhadap pola tanda
tangan dengan menggunakan metode Perceptron dan Backpropagation.
5. Output dari aplikasi adalah nama identitas pemilik tanda tangan.
3.4
52
53
3.5
Kerangka Berpikir
Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, penulis melakukan tahapan - tahapan
Analisis Kebutuhan
Sistem
Analisis Proses Kerja
Desain
Perancangan Tampilan
Kode
Pengujian Sampling
Implementasi kode
Tes
BAB IV
PEMBAHASAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI
4.1
Pembahasan
Pembahasan akan mencakup pembahasan cara kerja semua proses yang
4.1.1
54
1
55
56
57
58
Thresholding
Ekstraksi Ciri 20 x 20
20 kotak
20 kotak
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
59
60
Fase pelatihan adalah proses dimana setiap ciri atau pola karakter dilatih
dan hasil perhitungan bobot disimpan ke database untuk digunakan pada fase
pengenalan. Arsitektur jaringan Backpropagation dapat dilihat pada gambar 4.9.
1.
61
z_inj = v0j +
x v
i ij
i 1
zj = f(z_inj)
2.
y_ink = w0k +
w jk
j 1
yk = f(y_ink)
Tahap Backpropagation
3.
4.
_inj =
w jk
k 1
kalikan nilai ini dengan turunan dari fungsi aktivasinya untuk menghitung
informasi error:
62
j = _inj f(z_inj)
Oleh karena f(x) = f(x) [1 f(x)], maka:
j = _inj f(z_inj) (1 f(z_inj))
Oleh karena zj = f(z_inj), maka:
j = _inj zj (1 - zj)
Hitung perubahan bobot v :
vij = j xi dan v0j = j
Tahap Update Bobot dan Bias
5.
Hitung:
Tes kondisi berhenti, bila epoch mencapai maksimum epoch atau kuadrat
error < target error.
Dengan demikian, setiap perulangan 1x epoh akan terjadi hal berikut:
a.
b.
c.
database
untuk
digunakan
dalam
fase
pengenalan.
Proses
pelatihan
63
START
Masukkan:
Input : x (n)
Target : T (m)
dengan m = banyak lapisan output dan n
= 400 (hasil ekstraksi ciri 20 x 20)
TAHAP
BACKPROPAGATION
Hitung Bobot:
UPDATE
BOBOT
Next
End
While
END
64
65
66
Yk = Fh ( X iWki + )
i 1
67
3. Pelatihan Bobot
a. Mengatur bobot dengan:
Wki (t + 1) = Wki(t) Wki
dengan Wki adalah bobot dari input unit i ke k pada waktu t
(atau iterasi ke t) dan Wki adalah bobot yang diatur.
b. Perubahan bobot dihitung dengan aturan delta:
Wki = kXi
dengan
adalah
tingkat
pembelajaran
percobaan
68
4.1.2
Pembahasan Perancangan
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
Proses Pengenalan
Nama Pemilik
No Urut Database :
76
Hasil Pengenalan :
Pemilik tanda tangan adalah X
OK
77
untuk melihat pola tanda tangan beserta identitas pemilik tanda tangan yang telah
tersimpan di dalam database. Rancangan form dapat dilihat pada gambar 4.22.
x
Database
Nama Pemilik :
1
3
Gambar Tanda Tangan :
OK
78
79
Tabel ini berfungsi untuk menyimpan semua nama pemilik serta pola tanda
tangan hasil ekstraksi ciri. Struktur tabelnya adalah tabel 4.1.
Tabel 4.1 Tabel POLA
No.
1.
Field Name
NamaPemilik
Data Type
Text (50)
2.
Input
Text (400)
3.
Output
Text (8)
Keterangan
Berisi nama pemilik tanda tangan.
Berisi 400 bit biner hasil ekstraksi ciri dari
pola 20 x 20.
Berisi nomor urut pola dalam bentuk 8 bit
biner.
2. Tabel HasilPerceptron.
Fungsi dari tabel ini adalah untuk menyimpan bobot W hasil pelatihan dari
metode Perceptron. Struktur tabelnya adalah sebagai tabel 4.2.
Tabel 4.2 Struktur Tabel HasilPerceptron
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Field Name
Variabel
Indeks1
Indeks2
Nilai
Data Type
Text (1)
Integer
Integer
Double
Keterangan
Berisi nama variabelw.
Indeks array-1.
Indeks array-2.
Nilai bobot.
3. Tabel HasilBackpropagation.
Fungsi dari tabel ini adalah untuk menyimpan bobot V dan W hasil pelatihan
dari metode Backpropagation. Struktur tabelnya adalah tabel 4.1.
Tabel 4.3 Struktur Tabel HasilBackpropagation
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Field Name
Variabel
Indeks1
Indeks2
Nilai
Data Type
Text (1)
Integer
Integer
Double
Keterangan
Berisi nama variabel v atau w.
Indeks array-1.
Indeks array-2.
Nilai bobot.
80
4.2
Implementasi
Subbab implementasi akan berisi hasil output dari pengujian aplikasi.
4.2.1
berisi nama aplikasi dan identitas penyusun tugas akhir sekaligus pembuat
program. Tampilan form splash screen dapat dilihat pada gambar 4.24.
Form Utama
Beberapa saat kemudian, form utama akan muncul. Form ini berisi
81
identitas pembuat tugas akhir melalui form About. Tampilan form utama dapat
dilihat pada gambar 4.25.
4.2.3
Form Buka
Bila user ingin membuka gambar scan tanda tangan, maka klik tombol
Buka pada toolbar dan form Buka akan tampil seperti pada gambar 4.26.
82
Pilih tombol OK dan gambar tanda tangan akan ter-load pada form
Utama seperti terlihat pada gambar 4.27.
83
4.2.4
kanan mouse pada area kosong berwarna putih pada form Utama, dan form
pengaturan akan muncul seperti pada gambar 4.28.
84
4.2.5
melakukan
proses
pengambangan,
tekan
tombol
Proses
Pengambangan pada form Utama, dan form input Threshold akan muncul seperti
pada gambar 4.29.
4.2.6
Form Pelatihan
Untuk melakukan proses pelatihan, tekan tombol Pelatihan Pola pada
form Utama, dan form Pelatihan akan muncul seperti pada gambar 4.30.
85
4.2.7
Form Pengenalan
Setelah proses pelatihan selesai, maka pengguna dapat menggunakan
4.2.8
86
4.2.9
Form Database
Tekan tombol Database pada form Utama dan aplikasi akan
87
88
4.3
Hasil Pengujian
Perceptron merupakan metode JST dengan lapisan tunggal, sedangkan
Perceptron
400
Backpropagation
400
89
Input (n)
Banyaknya lapisan
tersembunyi (m)
Tidak ada
50
Banyaknya lapisan
Output (k)
8
(nomor urut pola di
dalam database
berukuran 8 bit)
0.2
0.2
0
Sampai bobot tidak
berubah
0.5
1000
(maksimum epoh)
Alpha (tingkat
pembelajaran)
Threshold
Perulangan Proses
Pelatihan
4.4
90
digunakan syntax Timer untuk mendapatkan total detik, dihitung dari pukul
00:00 dini hari. Caranya dapat dilihat pada gambar 4.36.
BAB V
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1
Kesimpulan
Setelah menyelesaikan aplikasi pengenalan tanda tangan dengan
91
8
92
5.2
Saran
Beberapa saran yang dapat diberikan dan mungkin dapat membantu dalam
untuk
mendukung
kegiatan
administrasi,
seperti:
tahap
CURRICULUM VITAE
BIODATA
Nama
Umur
: 21 Tahun
Tempat/Tanggal Lahir
Alamat Sekarang
Nomor Telepon
: 08989292115
Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-laki
Agama
: Islam
Kewarganegaraan
: Indonesia
Status Menikah
: Belum Menikah
: yoyo_pratama@yahoo.co.id
PENDIDIKAN
2003 - 2006
2000 - 2003
1994 - 2000
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
91
C-1
LAMPIRAN C
SOURCE CODE PROGRAM
VERSION 5.00
Begin VB.Form frmSplashScreen
BorderStyle = 0 'None
Caption
= "Aplikasi Pengenalan Tanda
Tangan"
ClientHeight = 4530
ClientLeft
= 0
ClientTop
= 0
ClientWidth = 7530
Icon
= "frmSplashScreen.frx":0000
KeyPreview = -1 'True
LinkTopic
= "Form1"
LockControls = -1 'True
ScaleHeight = 4530
ScaleWidth
= 7530
ShowInTaskbar = 0 'False
StartUpPosition = 2 'CenterScreen
Begin VB.PictureBox Picture1
Appearance = 0 'Flat
AutoSize
= -1 'True
BackColor
= &H80000005&
ForeColor
= &H80000008&
Height
= 4530
Left
= 0
Picture
= "frmSplashScreen.frx":2CFA
ScaleHeight = 4500
ScaleWidth
= 7500
TabIndex
= 0
Top
= 0
Width
= 7530
End
Begin VB.Timer Timer1
Interval
= 1000
Left
= 6240
Top
= 645
End
End
Attribute VB_Name = "frmSplashScreen"
Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
Option Explicit
Private Wkt As Integer
Private Sub Form_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
Timer1.Enabled = False
Unload Me
frmUtama.Show
End Sub
VERSION 5.00
Begin VB.Form frmBuka
BorderStyle = 1 'Fixed Single
Caption
= "Buka"
ClientHeight = 7725
ClientLeft
= 45
ClientTop
= 435
ClientWidth = 7245
Icon
= "frmBuka.frx":0000
LinkTopic
= "Form1"
LockControls = -1 'True
MaxButton
= 0 'False
MinButton
= 0 'False
ScaleHeight = 515
ScaleMode
= 3 'Pixel
ScaleWidth
= 483
StartUpPosition = 2 'CenterScreen
Begin VB.PictureBox picBoxFoto
Appearance = 0 'Flat
AutoRedraw = -1 'True
AutoSize
= -1 'True
BackColor
= &H80000004&
Enabled
= 0 'False
ForeColor
= &H80000008&
Height
= 3255
Left
= 180
ScaleHeight = 215
ScaleMode
= 3 'Pixel
ScaleWidth
= 456
TabIndex
= 5
Top
= 3960
Visible
= 0 'False
Width
= 6870
End
Begin VB.FileListBox filePicture
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
C-2
Size
= 8.25
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 400
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 3210
Left
= 4725
TabIndex
= 4
Top
= 120
Width
= 2325
End
Begin VB.CommandButton cmdOK
Caption
= "&Ok"
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 9
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 700
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 375
Left
= 5760
TabIndex
= 3
Top
= 3465
Width
= 1215
End
Begin VB.TextBox txtFileName
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 8.25
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 400
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 315
Left
= 1155
TabIndex
= 2
Top
= 3495
Width
= 4515
End
Begin VB.DirListBox dirFolder
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 8.25
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 400
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 2790
Left
= 180
TabIndex
= 1
Top
= 510
Width
= 4440
End
Begin VB.DriveListBox drvLookIn
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 8.25
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 400
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 315
Left
= 930
TabIndex
= 0
Top
= 120
Width
= 3705
End
Begin VB.Label lblUkuran
BackStyle
= 0 'Transparent
Caption
= "10 x 10 pixel"
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 8.25
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 400
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 345
Left
= 180
TabIndex
= 8
Top
= 7290
Width
= 6870
End
Begin VB.Image imgFoto
BorderStyle = 1 'Fixed Single
Height
= 3255
Left
= 180
Top
= 3960
Width
= 6870
End
Begin VB.Label Label3
BackStyle
= 0 'Transparent
Caption
= "Cari di :"
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 9
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 700
Underline
= 0 'False
C-3
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 210
Left
= 180
TabIndex
= 7
Top
= 172
Width
= 855
End
Begin VB.Label Label1
Caption
= "Nama File :"
BeginProperty Font
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 9
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 700
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
Height
= 255
Left
= 120
TabIndex
= 6
Top
= 3525
Width
= 975
End
End
Attribute VB_Name = "frmBuka"
Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
Option Explicit
Private Sub cmdOK_Click()
On Error GoTo errOpen
If Trim(txtFileName.Text) <> "" Then
'Set properti file di status bar
With frmUtama
.StatusBar1.Panels(1).Text = dirFolder & "\"
& filePicture.FileName
.StatusBar1.Panels(2).Text
=
Str(picBoxFoto.ScaleWidth) & " x " &
Str(picBoxFoto.ScaleHeight)
End With
'Hide Form
frmBuka.Hide
'Tipe File
If UCase(Right(Trim(txtFileName.Text), 3)) =
"JPG" Or _
UCase(Right(Trim(txtFileName.Text), 3)) =
"BMP" Or _
UCase(Right(Trim(txtFileName.Text), 3)) =
"GIF" Then
'Load gambar
With frmUtama
.Picture1.Picture = LoadPicture(dirFolder
& "\" & filePicture.FileName)
.Picture1.Visible = True
'Pindahkan gambar ke tengah
Call frmUtama.SetTengah
'Dibatasi 800 x 600
If .Picture1.ScaleWidth > 800 Or
.Picture1.ScaleHeight > 600 Then
MsgBox "Ukuran file citra " &
filePicture.FileName & _
" terlalu besar ! Ukuran maksimum
800 x 600.", vbInformation, "Buka Gambar"
'Kosongkan panel
.StatusBar1.Panels(1).Text = ""
.StatusBar1.Panels(2).Text = ""
'Show Form Buka
frmBuka.Show
Exit Sub
End If
End With
End If
Else
'File belum dipilih
MsgBox "File belum dipilih", vbInformation,
"Error Open File"
frmUtama.Picture1.Visible = False
End If
Exit Sub
errOpen:
If Right(dirFolder, 1) = "\" Then
frmUtama.Picture1.Picture
=
LoadPicture(dirFolder & filePicture.FileName)
Else
frmUtama.Picture1.Picture
=
LoadPicture(dirFolder & "\" & filePicture.FileName)
End If
'Cek Ukuran
C-4
If frmUtama.Picture1.ScaleWidth > 800 Or
frmUtama.Picture1.ScaleHeight > 600 Then
MsgBox
"Ukuran
file
citra
"
&
filePicture.FileName & _
" terlalu besar ! Maksimum 800 x 600.",
vbInformation, "Buka Gambar"
frmUtama.StatusBar1.Panels(1).Text = ""
frmUtama.StatusBar1.Panels(2).Text = ""
frmBuka.Show
Exit Sub
End If
'Hide Form
frmBuka.Hide
End Sub
Private Sub DirFolder_Change()
filePicture.Path = dirFolder.Path
filePicture.Pattern = "*.jpg;*.bmp;*.gif"
imgFoto.Picture = LoadPicture("")
lblUkuran.Caption = " "
If filePicture.ListCount = 0 Then
txtFileName.Text = ""
End If
End Sub
Private Sub DrvLookIn_Change()
On Error GoTo errOpen
dirFolder.Path = drvLookIn.Drive
imgFoto.Picture = LoadPicture("")
lblUkuran.Caption = " "
If filePicture.ListCount = 0 Then
txtFileName.Text = ""
End If
Exit Sub
errOpen:
MsgBox "Drive Kosong !", vbInformation, "Drive
Error"
drvLookIn.Drive = "C:\"
End Sub
Private Sub FilePicture_Click()
On Error GoTo errOpen
txtFileName.Text = filePicture.FileName
imgFoto.Picture = LoadPicture(dirFolder & "\" &
filePicture.FileName)
picBoxFoto.Picture = LoadPicture(dirFolder & "\"
& filePicture.FileName)
Call Preview
lblUkuran.Caption = "Ukuran piksel : " &
Str(picBoxFoto.ScaleWidth) & " x " & _
Str(picBoxFoto.ScaleHeight)
Exit Sub
errOpen:
If Right(dirFolder, 1) = "\" Then
VERSION 5.00
Object
=
"{831FDD16-0C5C-11D2-A9FC0000F8754DA1}#2.0#0"; "Mscomctl.ocx"
Object
=
"{F9043C88-F6F2-101A-A3C908002B2F49FB}#1.2#0"; "Comdlg32.ocx"
Begin VB.Form frmUtama
Caption
= "Pengenalan Tanda Tangan
dengan
Metode
Perceptron
dan
Metode
Backpropagation"
ClientHeight = 8445
ClientLeft
= 165
ClientTop
= 855
ClientWidth = 13770
Icon
= "frmUtama.frx":0000
LinkTopic
= "Form1"
C-5
LockControls = -1 'True
ScaleHeight = 563
ScaleMode
= 3 'Pixel
ScaleWidth
= 918
StartUpPosition = 3 'Windows Default
WindowState = 2 'Maximized
Begin MSComctlLib.ProgressBar ProgressBar1
Align
= 2 'Align Bottom
Height
= 120
Left
= 0
TabIndex
= 3
Top
= 7995
Visible
= 0 'False
Width
= 13770
_ExtentX
= 24289
_ExtentY
= 212
_Version
= 393216
Appearance = 0
End
Begin MSComctlLib.StatusBar StatusBar1
Align
= 2 'Align Bottom
Height
= 330
Left
= 0
TabIndex
= 2
Top
= 8115
Width
= 13770
_ExtentX
= 24289
_ExtentY
= 582
_Version
= 393216
BeginProperty Panels {8E3867A5-8586-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
NumPanels
= 6
BeginProperty Panel1 {8E3867AB-8586-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
AutoSize
= 1
Object.Width
= 14631
MinWidth
= 11324
Text
= "C:\"
TextSave
= "C:\"
EndProperty
BeginProperty Panel2 {8E3867AB-8586-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
Alignment
= 1
Object.Width
= 3175
MinWidth
= 3175
Text
= "0 x 0 pixels"
TextSave
= "0 x 0 pixels"
EndProperty
BeginProperty Panel3 {8E3867AB-8586-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
Style
= 1
Alignment
= 1
Enabled
= 0 'False
Object.Width
= 1058
MinWidth
= 1058
TextSave
= "CAPS"
EndProperty
BeginProperty Panel4 {8E3867AB-8586-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
Style
= 2
Alignment
= 1
Enabled
= 0 'False
Object.Width
= 1058
MinWidth
= 1058
TextSave
= "NUM"
EndProperty
BeginProperty Panel5 {8E3867AB-8586-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
Style
= 3
Alignment
= 1
Enabled
= 0 'False
Object.Width
= 1058
MinWidth
= 1058
TextSave
= "INS"
EndProperty
BeginProperty Panel6 {8E3867AB-8586-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
Alignment
= 1
Object.Width
= 2646
MinWidth
= 2646
Text
= "0 detik"
TextSave
= "0 detik"
EndProperty
EndProperty
BeginProperty Font {0BE35203-8F91-11CE9DE3-00AA004BB851}
Name
= "Tahoma"
Size
= 8.25
Charset
= 0
Weight
= 400
Underline
= 0 'False
Italic
= 0 'False
Strikethrough = 0 'False
EndProperty
End
Begin MSComctlLib.ImageList ImageList1
Left
= 1290
Top
= 1860
_ExtentX
= 1005
_ExtentY
= 1005
BackColor
= -2147483643
ImageWidth
= 32
ImageHeight = 32
MaskColor
= 12632256
_Version
= 393216
BeginProperty Images {2C247F25-8591-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
NumListImages = 8
BeginProperty ListImage1 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":2CFA
Key
= ""
C-6
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage2 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":39D4
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage3 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":46AE
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage4 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":5388
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage5 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":6062
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage6 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":6D3C
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage7 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":7A16
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage8 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":86F0
Key
= ""
EndProperty
EndProperty
End
Begin MSComctlLib.Toolbar Toolbar1
Align
= 1 'Align Top
Height
= 810
Left
= 0
TabIndex
= 0
Top
= 0
Width
= 13770
_ExtentX
= 24289
_ExtentY
= 1429
ButtonWidth = 2143
ButtonHeight = 1376
Wrappable
= 0 'False
Appearance = 1
Style
= 1
ImageList
= "ImageList1"
DisabledImageList= "ImageList2"
_Version
= 393216
C-7
BeginProperty Button8 {66833FEA-858311D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Style
= 3
EndProperty
BeginProperty Button9 {66833FEA-858311D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Caption
= "About"
Key
= "ABOUT"
Object.ToolTipText
=
"Mengenai
pembuat tugas akhir"
ImageIndex = 7
EndProperty
BeginProperty Button10 {66833FEA-858311D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Caption
= "Keluar"
Key
= "KELUAR"
Object.ToolTipText
=
"Keluar dari
perangkat lunak"
ImageIndex = 8
EndProperty
EndProperty
MousePointer = 99
MouseIcon
= "frmUtama.frx":93CA
End
Begin VB.PictureBox PictureOut
Appearance = 0 'Flat
BackColor
= &H00000000&
ForeColor
= &H80000008&
Height
= 7020
Left
= 0
ScaleHeight = 466
ScaleMode
= 3 'Pixel
ScaleWidth
= 917
TabIndex
= 1
Top
= 810
Width
= 13785
Begin VB.PictureBox Picture1
Appearance = 0 'Flat
AutoRedraw = -1 'True
AutoSize
= -1 'True
BackColor
= &H80000005&
BorderStyle = 0 'None
DrawWidth
= 100
FillStyle
= 0 'Solid
FontTransparent = 0 'False
ForeColor
= &H00000000&
Height
= 2535
Left
= 5520
MouseIcon
= "frmUtama.frx":96E4
MousePointer = 99 'Custom
ScaleHeight = 169
ScaleMode
= 3 'Pixel
ScaleWidth
= 191
TabIndex
= 4
Top
= 2385
Width
= 2865
End
Begin VB.Timer tmrWaktu
Enabled
= 0 'False
Interval
= 10
Left
= 2205
Top
= 3840
End
Begin
MSComDlg.CommonDialog
CommonDialog1
Left
= 750
Top
= 1065
_ExtentX
= 847
_ExtentY
= 847
_Version
= 393216
CancelError = -1 'True
Filter
= "Bitmap File (*.bmp)|*.bmp"
End
Begin MSComctlLib.ImageList ImageList2
Left
= 1875
Top
= 1020
_ExtentX
= 1005
_ExtentY
= 1005
BackColor
= -2147483643
ImageWidth
= 32
ImageHeight = 32
MaskColor
= 12632256
_Version
= 393216
BeginProperty Images {2C247F25-8591-11D1B16A-00C0F0283628}
NumListImages = 8
BeginProperty ListImage1 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":99EE
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage2 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":A6C8
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage3 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":B3A2
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage4 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":C07C
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage5 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":CD56
Key
= ""
EndProperty
C-8
BeginProperty ListImage6 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":DA30
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage7 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":E70A
Key
= ""
EndProperty
BeginProperty ListImage8 {2C247F27-859111D1-B16A-00C0F0283628}
Picture
= "frmUtama.frx":F3E4
Key
= ""
EndProperty
EndProperty
End
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuFile
Caption
= "File"
Begin VB.Menu mnuBuka
Caption
= "Buka"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuBukaLog
Caption
= "Tampilkan History / Log"
End
Begin VB.Menu mn1
Caption
= "-"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuKeluar
Caption
= "Keluar"
End
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuProses
Caption
= "Proses"
Begin VB.Menu mnuKosongkan
Caption
=
"Kosongkan Area
Penggambaran"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnu2
Caption
= "-"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuPengambangan
Caption
=
"Proses Pengambangan
(Thresholding)"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnu3
Caption
= "-"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuPelatihan
Caption
= "Proses Pelatihan"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuPengenalan
Caption
= "Proses Pengenalan"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnu4
Caption
= "-"
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuDatabase
Caption
= "List Database"
End
End
Begin VB.Menu mnuAbout
Caption
= "About"
End
End
Attribute VB_Name = "frmUtama"
Attribute VB_GlobalNameSpace = False
Attribute VB_Creatable = False
Attribute VB_PredeclaredId = True
Attribute VB_Exposed = False
Option Explicit
Private I As Long
Private J As Long
'Waktu
Private Waktu As Double
Private WaktuMulai As Double
'Is draw mode?
Private bDrawMode As Boolean
'Is user drawing?
Private DrawNow As Boolean
Private Sub Form_Load()
'Thresholding
nThreshold = 150
'Pencil Width
nPencilWidth = 15
'Aktifkan Con = koneksi ADO ke database access
Con.ConnectionString
=
"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="
&_
App.Path & "\Database.mdb;Persist
Security Info=False"
Con.Open
'Default Draw Mode
Call Kosongkan
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Resize()
On Error Resume Next
'Pada saat form di-Resize (diubah ukurannya)
If Me.Width < 5000 Then Me.Width = 5000
If Me.Height < 3000 Then Me.Height = 3000
C-9
PictureOut.Move
0,
Toolbar1.Height,
Me.ScaleWidth, Me.ScaleHeight - Toolbar1.Height StatusBar1.Height
'Geser gambar ke tengah
Call SetTengah
End Sub
'Prosedur untuk menggeser gambar ke tengah
Public Sub SetTengah()
With frmUtama
.Picture1.Move (.ScaleWidth - .Picture1.Width)
\ 2, _
(.ScaleHeight - .Toolbar1.Height .StatusBar1.Height - .Picture1.Height) \ 2
End With
End Sub
Private Sub mnuPengenalan_Click()
frmPengenalan.Show vbModal
End Sub
Private Sub tmrWaktu_Timer()
'Periksa selisih waktu dengan waktu mulai
Waktu = Timer - WaktuMulai
StatusBar1.Panels(6).Text
=
Format(Waktu,
"0.00") & " detik"
End Sub
Private Sub Toolbar1_ButtonClick(ByVal Button As
MSComctlLib.Button)
Select Case Button.Key
End Sub
Case "BUKA":
Case "KOSONGKAN":
Call BukaFile
Case "PENGAMBANGAN":
Pengambangan
frmPelatihan.Show
Case
frmPengenalan.Show vbModal
"PENGENALAN":
Case "DATABASE":
vbModal
frmDatabase.Show
Case "ABOUT":
vbModal
frmAbout.Show
End
End Select
End Sub
Call
Case "PELATIHAN":
vbModal
Case "KELUAR":
Private Sub mnuBukaLog_Click()
frmLog.Show vbModal
End Sub
Call Kosongkan
'Hidupkan Tombol
With Toolbar1
C-10
.Buttons(4).Enabled = True 'Pengambangan
mnuPengambangan.Enabled = True
.Buttons(5).Enabled = False 'Pelatihan Pola
mnuPelatihan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(6).Enabled = False 'Pengenalan Pola
mnuPengenalan.Enabled = False
End With
Picture1.PSet (X, Y)
Else
'Right click
frmTebalPensil.Show vbModal
End If
End If
End Sub
'Default
Picture1.MousePointer = 0
End If
If bDrawMode Then
End Sub
Private Sub Kosongkan()
'Set Draw Mode
bDrawMode = True
'Hapus gambar
Picture1.Cls
Set Picture1.Picture = Nothing
'Set posisi dan ukuran Picture1
Picture1.Move 0, Toolbar1.Height, 300, 300
Call SetTengah
'Custom
Picture1.MousePointer = 99
'Hidupkan Tombol
With Toolbar1
.Buttons(4).Enabled = False 'Pengambangan
mnuPengambangan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(5).Enabled = False 'Pelatihan Pola
mnuPelatihan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(6).Enabled = False 'Pengenalan Pola
mnuPengenalan.Enabled = False
End With
'Tebal pensil
Picture1.DrawWidth = nPencilWidth
If DrawNow Then
'Set piksel
Picture1.PSet (X, Y)
DoEvents
If mnuPengambangan.Enabled = False Then
'Hidupkan Tombol
With Toolbar1
.Buttons(4).Enabled
=
True
'Pengambangan
mnuPengambangan.Enabled = True
.Buttons(5).Enabled = False 'Pelatihan
Pola
mnuPelatihan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(6).Enabled = False 'Pengenalan
Pola
mnuPengenalan.Enabled = False
End With
End If
End If
End If
End Sub
End Sub
End Sub
'Prosedur untuk melakukan Pengambangan
Private Sub Pengambangan()
'Dalam fase Draw, tidak perlu thresholding
If bDrawMode = True Then
'Hidupkan Tombol
C-11
With Toolbar1
.Buttons(4).Enabled = False 'Pengambangan
mnuPengambangan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(5).Enabled = True 'Pelatihan
mnuPelatihan.Enabled = True
.Buttons(6).Enabled = True 'Pengenalan
mnuPengenalan.Enabled = True
End With
Exit Sub
End If
'Show Threshold
frmThreshold.Show vbModal
If bCancel = True Then Exit Sub
'Matikan Tombol
With Toolbar1
.Buttons(1).Enabled = False 'Buka
mnuBuka.Enabled = False
.Buttons(2).Enabled = False 'Kosongkan
mnuKosongkan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(4).Enabled = False 'Pengambangan
mnuPengambangan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(5).Enabled = False 'Pelatihan
mnuPelatihan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(6).Enabled = False 'Pengenalan
mnuPengenalan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(7).Enabled = False 'Database
mnuDatabase.Enabled = False
End With
DoEvents
'-----------------------------'LAKUKAN PROSES PENGAMBANGAN
'-----------------------------'Warna RGB
Dim Warna As WarnaRGB
Dim Gray As Long
'Timer Waktu
WaktuMulai = Timer
tmrWaktu.Enabled = True
'Kembalikan gambar ke gambar asli
If bDrawMode Then
SavePicture Picture1.Image, App.Path &
"\pic.tmp"
Picture1.Picture = LoadPicture(App.Path &
"\pic.tmp")
End If
'Progress Bar 1
ProgressBar1.Value = 0
ProgressBar1.Max = Picture1.ScaleWidth
ProgressBar1.Visible = True
'Ubah gambar ke Gray Scale
For I = 0 To Picture1.ScaleWidth - 1
For J = 0 To Picture1.ScaleHeight - 1
'Warna piksel dalam RGB
Warna = GetRGB(Picture1, I, J)
'Nilai Grayscale
Gray = Grayscale(Warna)
If Gray >= nThreshold Then
'Lebih besar dari threshold, set nilai
menjadi putih
SetPixel Picture1.hdc, I, J, RGB(255, 255,
255)
Else
'Lebih kecil dari threshold, set nilai menjadi
hitam
SetPixel Picture1.hdc, I, J, RGB(0, 0, 0)
End If
Next J
'Refresh Picture Box
Picture1.Refresh
DoEvents
'Progress Bar
ProgressBar1.Value = ProgressBar1.Value + 1
Next I
'Progress Bar
ProgressBar1.Visible = False
'Timer Waktu
tmrWaktu.Enabled = False
'Hidupkan Tombol
With Toolbar1
.Buttons(1).Enabled = True 'Buka
mnuBuka.Enabled = True
.Buttons(2).Enabled = True 'Kosongkan
mnuKosongkan.Enabled = True
.Buttons(4).Enabled = False 'Pengambangan
mnuPengambangan.Enabled = False
.Buttons(5).Enabled = True 'Pelatihan
mnuPelatihan.Enabled = True
.Buttons(6).Enabled = True 'Pengenalan
mnuPengenalan.Enabled = True
.Buttons(7).Enabled = True 'Database
mnuDatabase.Enabled = True
End With
C-12
End Sub
B-1
LAMPIRAN B
HASIL PENGUJIAN PROSES PERHITUNGAN
A. Hasil proses pelatihan pola tanda tangan pada gambar 3.11 dengan menggunakan
algoritma Backpropagation ( hal.62)
Data ke-1 :
X = 010101111010101
T = 0001
Data ke-2 :
X = 001001011101111
T = 0010
Pengacakan Nilai Bobot V dari nilai -0.5 sampai 0.5
--------------------------------------------------V(0,1) = -0.3295
V(0,2) = -0.4123
V(0,3) = 0.3674
V(0,4) = -0.2374
V(0,5) = -0.423
V(0,6) = 0.3995
V(0,7) = -0.3335
V(0,8) = -0.1346
V(0,9) = -0.4657
V(0,10) = -0.4724
V(1,1) = 0.282
V(1,2) = 0.019
V(1,3) = -0.4576
V(1,4) = -0.0278
V(1,5) = 0.2138
V(1,6) = 0.4889
V(1,7) = 0.1324
V(1,8) = 0.4676
V(1,9) = 0.1965
V(1,10) = 0.2753
V(2,1) = -0.2267
V(2,2) = -0.4551
V(2,3) = 0.4956
V(2,4) = 0.3781
V(2,5) = -0.2694
V(2,6) = -0.3269
V(2,7) = 0.1111
V(2,8) = -0.4683
V(2,9) = 0.0042
V(2,10) = 0.1177
V(3,1) = 0.0429
V(3,2) = 0.2672
V(3,3) = 0.3287
V(3,4) = -0.3869
V(3,5) = 0.0256
V(3,6) = 0.0536
V(3,7) = 0.2352
V(3,8) = 0.4249
V(3,9) = 0.3247
V(3,10) = -0.1092
V(4,1) = 0.1925
V(4,2) = -0.447
V(4,3) = -0.0598
V(4,4) = 0.31
B-2
V(4,5) = 0.2006
V(4,6) = -0.0024
V(4,7) = -0.3936
V(4,8) = -0.2201
V(4,9) = -0.2094
V(4,10) = -0.2414
V(5,1) = -0.1453
V(5,2) = -0.4337
V(5,3) = 0.4315
V(5,4) = -0.4296
V(5,5) = 0.1538
V(5,6) = 0.4035
V(5,7) = 0.3888
V(5,8) = -0.3015
V(5,9) = -0.2307
V(5,10) = -0.1773
V(6,1) = -0.3376
V(6,2) = 0.1431
V(6,3) = 0.4355
V(6,4) = 0.2926
V(6,5) = -0.0131
V(6,6) = -0.3615
V(6,7) = -0.3162
V(6,8) = 0.079
V(6,9) = -0.3722
V(6,10) = -0.2842
V(7,1) = -0.0171
V(7,2) = 0.1818
V(7,3) = -0.4149
V(7,4) = -0.156
V(7,5) = -0.4016
V(7,6) = 0.3354
V(7,7) = -0.1413
V(7,8) = 0.2886
V(7,9) = 0.2646
V(7,10) = -0.1947
V(8,1) = 0.4488
V(8,2) = -0.216
V(8,3) = -0.4871
V(8,4) = -0.4083
V(8,5) = 0.0897
V(8,6) = -0.4042
V(8,7) = -0.188
V(8,8) = -0.3055
V(8,9) = 0.047
V(8,10) = -0.0105
V(9,1) = 0.4274
V(9,2) = -0.1519
V(9,3) = 0.3206
V(9,4) = 0.1685
V(9,5) = 0.0937
V(9,6) = 0.318
V(9,7) = -0.3549
V(9,8) = -0.0705
V(9,9) = 0.342
V(9,10) = 0.1044
V(10,1) = 0.286
V(10,2) = -0.2587
V(10,3) = -0.3589
V(10,4) = 0.2072
V(10,5) = 0.2433
V(10,6) = -0.1306
V(10,7) = 0.2565
B-3
V(10,8) = 0.3608
V(10,9) = -0.4831
V(10,10) = 0.314
V(11,1) = -0.0772
V(11,2) = 0.0963
V(11,3) = 0.107
V(11,4) = 0.075
V(11,5) = 0.1711
V(11,6) = -0.3829
V(11,7) = -0.2521
V(11,8) = -0.1133
V(11,9) = 0.4702
V(11,10) = -0.2801
V(12,1) = -0.2948
V(12,2) = 0.0149
V(12,3) = 0.0856
V(12,4) = 0.1391
V(12,5) = -0.0212
V(12,6) = 0.4595
V(12,7) = -0.2481
V(12,8) = -0.391
V(12,9) = 0.3033
V(12,10) = -0.0451
V(13,1) = 0.0002
V(13,2) = 0.3954
V(13,3) = -0.0558
V(13,4) = 0.0322
V(13,5) = 0.2993
V(13,6) = 0.2326
V(13,7) = -0.0985
V(13,8) = 0.1604
V(13,9) = -0.3508
V(13,10) = -0.3482
V(14,1) = 0.1751
V(14,2) = 0.3394
V(14,3) = -0.419
V(14,4) = 0.1217
V(14,5) = 0.4996
V(14,6) = 0.1004
V(14,7) = -0.4363
V(14,8) = -0.0919
V(14,9) = 0.4061
V(14,10) = -0.0878
V(15,1) = 0.1284
V(15,2) = 0.0109
V(15,3) = 0.3634
V(15,4) = 0.0403
V(15,5) = 0.4783
V(15,6) = 0.1645
V(15,7) = 0.3715
V(15,8) = 0.4849
V(15,9) = 0.4101
V(15,10) = -0.3656
W(0,1) = -0.0385
W(0,2) = 0.2459
W(0,3) = 0.3928
W(0,4) = 0.4208
W(1,1) = -0.3976
W(1,2) = 0.0576
W(1,3) = -0.0425
W(1,4) = -0.4764
W(2,1) = -0.4403
W(2,2) = 0.1858
B-4
W(2,3) = 0.3074
W(2,4) = -0.3228
W(3,1) = -0.1667
W(3,2) = -0.3696
W(3,3) = 0.2392
W(3,4) = 0.1471
W(4,1) = 0.1578
W(4,2) = 0.1258
W(4,3) = 0.2219
W(4,4) = -0.0665
W(5,1) = 0.0643
W(5,2) = 0.2031
W(5,3) = -0.479
W(5,4) = 0.0363
W(6,1) = 0.0216
W(6,2) = 0.3313
W(6,3) = 0.1365
W(6,4) = 0.1899
W(7,1) = 0.0296
W(7,2) = -0.4897
W(7,3) = 0.0683
W(7,4) = -0.3402
W(8,1) = -0.3803
W(8,2) = 0.2713
W(8,3) = 0.051
W(8,4) = 0.4462
W(9,1) = 0.2606
W(9,2) = 0.0831
W(9,3) = 0.3501
W(9,4) = -0.451
W(10,1) = 0.2179
W(10,2) = 0.2112
W(10,3) = -0.0344
W(10,4) = -0.0318
EPOH KE 1
* Data ke 1 = pola TTD-1
X = 010101111010101
z_in(1) = V(0,1) + (X(1) * V(1,1)) + (X(2) * V(2,1)) + (X(3) * V(3,1)) +
(X(4) * V(4,1)) + (X(5) * V(5,1)) + (X(6) * V(6,1)) + (X(7) * V(7,1)) +
(X(8) * V(8,1)) + (X(9) * V(9,1)) + (X(10) * V(10,1)) + (X(11) * V(11,1)) +
(X(12) * V(12,1)) + (X(13) * V(13,1)) + (X(14) * V(14,1)) + (X(15) *
V(15,1))
z_in(1) = -0.3295 + (0 * 0.282) + (1 * -0.2267) + (0 * 0.0429) + (1 *
0.1925) + (0 * -0.1453) + (1 * -0.3376) + (1 * -0.0171) + (1 * 0.4488) + (1
* 0.4274) + (0 * 0.286) + (1 * -0.0772) + (0 * -0.2948) + (1 * 0.0002) + (0
* 0.1751) + (1 * 0.1284)
z_in(1) = -0.3295 + 0.5387 = 0.2092
z(1) = f(z_in(1)) = 0.5521
z_in(2) = V(0,2) + (X(1) * V(1,2)) + (X(2) * V(2,2)) + (X(3) * V(3,2))
(X(4) * V(4,2)) + (X(5) * V(5,2)) + (X(6) * V(6,2)) + (X(7) * V(7,2))
(X(8) * V(8,2)) + (X(9) * V(9,2)) + (X(10) * V(10,2)) + (X(11) * V(11,2))
(X(12) * V(12,2)) + (X(13) * V(13,2)) + (X(14) * V(14,2)) + (X(15)
V(15,2))
z_in(2) = -0.4123 + (0 * 0.019) + (1 * -0.4551) + (0 * 0.2672) + (1 *
0.447) + (0 * -0.4337) + (1 * 0.1431) + (1 * 0.1818) + (1 * -0.216) + (1 *
0.1519) + (0 * -0.2587) + (1 * 0.0963) + (0 * 0.0149) + (1 * 0.3954) + (0
0.3394) + (1 * 0.0109)
z_in(2) = -0.4123 + -0.4425 = -0.8548
z(2) = f(z_in(2)) = 0.2984
+
+
+
*
*
B-5
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
B-6
(X(8) * V(8,8)) + (X(9) * V(9,8)) + (X(10) * V(10,8)) + (X(11) * V(11,8))
(X(12) * V(12,8)) + (X(13) * V(13,8)) + (X(14) * V(14,8)) + (X(15)
V(15,8))
z_in(8) = -0.1346 + (0 * 0.4676) + (1 * -0.4683) + (0 * 0.4249) + (1 *
0.2201) + (0 * -0.3015) + (1 * 0.079) + (1 * 0.2886) + (1 * -0.3055) + (1
-0.0705) + (0 * 0.3608) + (1 * -0.1133) + (0 * -0.391) + (1 * 0.1604) + (0
-0.0919) + (1 * 0.4849)
z_in(8) = -0.1346 + -0.1648 = -0.2994
z(8) = f(z_in(8)) = 0.4257
+
*
+
+
+
*
*
*
*
*
B-7
(z(8) * w(8,4)) + (z(9) * w(9,4)) + (z(10) * w(10,4))
y_in(4) = 0.4208 + (0.5521 * -0.4764) + (0.2984 * -0.3228) + (0.745 *
0.1471) + (0.6213 * -0.0665) + (0.5562 * 0.0363) + (0.493 * 0.1899) +
(0.1686 * -0.3402) + (0.4257 * 0.4462) + (0.5349 * -0.451) + (0.1219 * 0.0318)
y_in(4) = 0.4208 + -0.2898 = 0.131
y(4) = f(y_in(4)) = 0.5327
Delta(1) = (T(1) - Y(1)) * Y(1) * (1 - Y(1))
Delta(1) = (0 - 0.4109) * 0.4109 * (1 - 0.4109)
Delta(1) = -0.0995
Delta(2) = (T(2) - Y(2)) * Y(2) * (1 - Y(2))
Delta(2) = (0 - 0.6261) * 0.6261 * (1 - 0.6261)
Delta(2) = -0.1466
Delta(3) = (T(3) - Y(3)) * Y(3) * (1 - Y(3))
Delta(3) = (0 - 0.6888) * 0.6888 * (1 - 0.6888)
Delta(3) = -0.1476
Delta(4) = (T(4) - Y(4)) * Y(4) * (1 - Y(4))
Delta(4) = (1 - 0.5327) * 0.5327 * (1 - 0.5327)
Delta(4) = 0.1163
DeltaW(1,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.5521 = -0.011
DeltaW(1,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.5521 = -0.0162
DeltaW(1,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.5521 = -0.0163
DeltaW(1,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.5521 = 0.0128
DeltaW(2,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.2984 = -0.0059
DeltaW(2,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.2984 = -0.0087
DeltaW(2,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.2984 = -0.0088
DeltaW(2,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.2984 = 0.0069
DeltaW(3,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.745 = -0.0148
DeltaW(3,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.745 = -0.0218
DeltaW(3,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.745 = -0.022
DeltaW(3,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.745 = 0.0173
DeltaW(4,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.6213 = -0.0124
B-8
DeltaW(4,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.6213 = -0.0182
DeltaW(4,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.6213 = -0.0183
DeltaW(4,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.6213 = 0.0145
DeltaW(5,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.5562 = -0.0111
DeltaW(5,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.5562 = -0.0163
DeltaW(5,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.5562 = -0.0164
DeltaW(5,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.5562 = 0.0129
DeltaW(6,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.493 = -0.0098
DeltaW(6,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.493 = -0.0145
DeltaW(6,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.493 = -0.0146
DeltaW(6,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.493 = 0.0115
DeltaW(7,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.1686 = -0.0034
DeltaW(7,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.1686 = -0.0049
DeltaW(7,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.1686 = -0.005
DeltaW(7,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.1686 = 0.0039
DeltaW(8,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.4257 = -0.0085
DeltaW(8,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.4257 = -0.0125
DeltaW(8,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.4257 = -0.0126
DeltaW(8,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.4257 = 0.0099
DeltaW(9,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.5349 = -0.0106
DeltaW(9,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.5349 = -0.0157
B-9
DeltaW(9,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.5349 = -0.0158
DeltaW(9,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.5349 = 0.0124
DeltaW(10,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 * 0.1219 = -0.0024
DeltaW(10,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 * 0.1219 = -0.0036
DeltaW(10,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 * 0.1219 = -0.0036
DeltaW(10,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 * 0.1219 = 0.0028
DeltaW(0,1) = Alpha * Delta(1)
DeltaW(0,1) = 0.2 * -0.0995 = -0.0199
DeltaW(0,2) = Alpha * Delta(2)
DeltaW(0,2) = 0.2 * -0.1466 = -0.0293
DeltaW(0,3) = Alpha * Delta(3)
DeltaW(0,3) = 0.2 * -0.1476 = -0.0295
DeltaW(0,4) = Alpha * Delta(4)
DeltaW(0,4) = 0.2 * 0.1163 = 0.0233
Delta_in(1) = (Delta(1) * w(1,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(1,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(1,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(1,4))
Delta_in(1) = (-0.0995 * -0.3976) + (-0.1466 * 0.0576) + (-0.1476 * -0.0425)
+ (0.1163 * -0.4764)
Delta_in(1) = -0.018
Delta2(1) = (Delta_in(1) * z(1) * (1 - z(1))
Delta2(1) = (-0.018 * 0.5521 * (1 - 0.5521)
Delta2(1) = -0.0045
Delta_in(2) = (Delta(1) * w(2,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(2,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(2,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(2,4))
Delta_in(2) = (-0.0995 * -0.4403) + (-0.1466 * 0.1858) + (-0.1476 * 0.3074)
+ (0.1163 * -0.3228)
Delta_in(2) = -0.0663
Delta2(2) = (Delta_in(2) * z(2) * (1 - z(2))
Delta2(2) = (-0.0663 * 0.2984 * (1 - 0.2984)
Delta2(2) = -0.0139
Delta_in(3) = (Delta(1) * w(3,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(3,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(3,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(3,4))
Delta_in(3) = (-0.0995 * -0.1667) + (-0.1466 * -0.3696) + (-0.1476 * 0.2392)
+ (0.1163 * 0.1471)
Delta_in(3) = 0.0526
Delta2(3) = (Delta_in(3) * z(3) * (1 - z(3))
Delta2(3) = (0.0526 * 0.745 * (1 - 0.745)
Delta2(3) = 0.01
Delta_in(4) = (Delta(1) * w(4,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(4,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(4,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(4,4))
Delta_in(4) = (-0.0995 * 0.1578) + (-0.1466 * 0.1258) + (-0.1476 * 0.2219) +
B-10
(0.1163 * -0.0665)
Delta_in(4) = -0.0746
Delta2(4) = (Delta_in(4) * z(4) * (1 - z(4))
Delta2(4) = (-0.0746 * 0.6213 * (1 - 0.6213)
Delta2(4) = -0.0176
Delta_in(5) = (Delta(1) * w(5,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(5,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(5,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(5,4))
Delta_in(5) = (-0.0995 * 0.0643) + (-0.1466 * 0.2031) + (-0.1476 * -0.479) +
(0.1163 * 0.0363)
Delta_in(5) = 0.0387
Delta2(5) = (Delta_in(5) * z(5) * (1 - z(5))
Delta2(5) = (0.0387 * 0.5562 * (1 - 0.5562)
Delta2(5) = 0.0096
Delta_in(6) = (Delta(1) * w(6,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(6,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(6,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(6,4))
Delta_in(6) = (-0.0995 * 0.0216) + (-0.1466 * 0.3313) + (-0.1476 * 0.1365) +
(0.1163 * 0.1899)
Delta_in(6) = -0.0488
Delta2(6) = (Delta_in(6) * z(6) * (1 - z(6))
Delta2(6) = (-0.0488 * 0.493 * (1 - 0.493)
Delta2(6) = -0.0122
Delta_in(7) = (Delta(1) * w(7,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(7,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(7,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(7,4))
Delta_in(7) = (-0.0995 * 0.0296) + (-0.1466 * -0.4897) + (-0.1476 * 0.0683)
+ (0.1163 * -0.3402)
Delta_in(7) = 0.0192
Delta2(7) = (Delta_in(7) * z(7) * (1 - z(7))
Delta2(7) = (0.0192 * 0.1686 * (1 - 0.1686)
Delta2(7) = 0.0027
Delta_in(8) = (Delta(1) * w(8,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(8,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(8,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(8,4))
Delta_in(8) = (-0.0995 * -0.3803) + (-0.1466 * 0.2713) + (-0.1476 * 0.051) +
(0.1163 * 0.4462)
Delta_in(8) = 0.0424
Delta2(8) = (Delta_in(8) * z(8) * (1 - z(8))
Delta2(8) = (0.0424 * 0.4257 * (1 - 0.4257)
Delta2(8) = 0.0104
Delta_in(9) = (Delta(1) * w(9,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(9,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(9,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(9,4))
Delta_in(9) = (-0.0995 * 0.2606) + (-0.1466 * 0.0831) + (-0.1476 * 0.3501) +
(0.1163 * -0.451)
Delta_in(9) = -0.1422
Delta2(9) = (Delta_in(9) * z(9) * (1 - z(9))
Delta2(9) = (-0.1422 * 0.5349 * (1 - 0.5349)
Delta2(9) = -0.0354
Delta_in(10) = (Delta(1) * w(10,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(10,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(10,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(10,4))
Delta_in(10) = (-0.0995 * 0.2179) + (-0.1466 * 0.2112) + (-0.1476 * -0.0344)
+ (0.1163 * -0.0318)
Delta_in(10) = -0.0513
B-11
Delta2(10) = (Delta_in(10) * z(10) * (1 - z(10))
Delta2(10) = (-0.0513 * 0.1219 * (1 - 0.1219)
Delta2(10) = -0.0055
DeltaV(1,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(2,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(2,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(2,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(2,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(2,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(2,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(2,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(2,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(2,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(3,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(3)
B-12
DeltaV(3,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(4,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(4,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(4,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(4,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(4,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(4,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(4,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(4,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(4,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(5,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(6,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(6,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(6,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(6,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(6,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(6,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(6,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(6,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(6,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(6,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(7,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
B-13
DeltaV(7,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(7,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(7,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(7,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(7,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(7,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(7,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(7,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(7,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(8,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(8,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(8,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(8,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(8,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(8,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(8,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(8,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(8,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(8,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(9,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(9,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(9,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(9,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(9,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(9,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(9,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(9,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(9,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(9,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(10,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(10)
B-14
DeltaV(10,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(10,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(11,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(11,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(11,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(11,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(11,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(11,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(11,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(11,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(11,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(12,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(13,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(13,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(13,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(13,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
B-15
DeltaV(13,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(13,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(13,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(13,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(13,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(13,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(14,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(14,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(15,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,1) = 0.2 * -0.0045 * 1 = -0.0009
DeltaV(15,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,2) = 0.2 * -0.0139 * 1 = -0.00278
DeltaV(15,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,3) = 0.2 * 0.01 * 1 = 0.002
DeltaV(15,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,4) = 0.2 * -0.0176 * 1 = -0.00352
DeltaV(15,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,5) = 0.2 * 0.0096 * 1 = 0.00192
DeltaV(15,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 * 1 = -0.00244
DeltaV(15,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 * 1 = 0.00054
DeltaV(15,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 * 1 = 0.00208
DeltaV(15,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 * 1 = -0.00708
DeltaV(15,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 * 1 = -0.0011
DeltaV(0,1)
DeltaV(0,1)
DeltaV(0,2)
DeltaV(0,2)
DeltaV(0,3)
DeltaV(0,3)
DeltaV(0,4)
DeltaV(0,4)
DeltaV(0,5)
DeltaV(0,5)
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Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
* Delta2(1)
-0.0045 = -0.0009
* Delta2(2)
-0.0139 = -0.00278
* Delta2(3)
0.01 = 0.002
* Delta2(4)
-0.0176 = -0.00352
* Delta2(5)
0.0096 = 0.00192
B-16
DeltaV(0,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6)
DeltaV(0,6) = 0.2 * -0.0122 = -0.00244
DeltaV(0,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7)
DeltaV(0,7) = 0.2 * 0.0027 = 0.00054
DeltaV(0,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8)
DeltaV(0,8) = 0.2 * 0.0104 = 0.00208
DeltaV(0,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9)
DeltaV(0,9) = 0.2 * -0.0354 = -0.00708
DeltaV(0,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10)
DeltaV(0,10) = 0.2 * -0.0055 = -0.0011
w(1,1)
w(1,1)
w(1,2)
w(1,2)
w(1,3)
w(1,3)
w(1,4)
w(1,4)
w(2,1)
w(2,1)
w(2,2)
w(2,2)
w(2,3)
w(2,3)
w(2,4)
w(2,4)
w(3,1)
w(3,1)
w(3,2)
w(3,2)
w(3,3)
w(3,3)
w(3,4)
w(3,4)
w(4,1)
w(4,1)
w(4,2)
w(4,2)
w(4,3)
w(4,3)
w(4,4)
w(4,4)
w(5,1)
w(5,1)
w(5,2)
w(5,2)
w(5,3)
w(5,3)
w(5,4)
w(5,4)
w(6,1)
w(6,1)
w(6,2)
w(6,2)
w(6,3)
w(6,3)
w(6,4)
w(6,4)
w(7,1)
w(7,1)
w(7,2)
w(7,2)
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w(1,1) + DeltaW(1,1)
-0.3976 + -0.011 = -0.4086
w(1,2) + DeltaW(1,2)
0.0576 + -0.0162 = 0.0414
w(1,3) + DeltaW(1,3)
-0.0425 + -0.0163 = -0.0588
w(1,4) + DeltaW(1,4)
-0.4764 + 0.0128 = -0.4636
w(2,1) + DeltaW(2,1)
-0.4403 + -0.0059 = -0.4462
w(2,2) + DeltaW(2,2)
0.1858 + -0.0087 = 0.1771
w(2,3) + DeltaW(2,3)
0.3074 + -0.0088 = 0.2986
w(2,4) + DeltaW(2,4)
-0.3228 + 0.0069 = -0.3159
w(3,1) + DeltaW(3,1)
-0.1667 + -0.0148 = -0.1815
w(3,2) + DeltaW(3,2)
-0.3696 + -0.0218 = -0.3914
w(3,3) + DeltaW(3,3)
0.2392 + -0.022 = 0.2172
w(3,4) + DeltaW(3,4)
0.1471 + 0.0173 = 0.1644
w(4,1) + DeltaW(4,1)
0.1578 + -0.0124 = 0.1454
w(4,2) + DeltaW(4,2)
0.1258 + -0.0182 = 0.1076
w(4,3) + DeltaW(4,3)
0.2219 + -0.0183 = 0.2036
w(4,4) + DeltaW(4,4)
-0.0665 + 0.0145 = -0.052
w(5,1) + DeltaW(5,1)
0.0643 + -0.0111 = 0.0532
w(5,2) + DeltaW(5,2)
0.2031 + -0.0163 = 0.1868
w(5,3) + DeltaW(5,3)
-0.479 + -0.0164 = -0.4954
w(5,4) + DeltaW(5,4)
0.0363 + 0.0129 = 0.0492
w(6,1) + DeltaW(6,1)
0.0216 + -0.0098 = 0.0118
w(6,2) + DeltaW(6,2)
0.3313 + -0.0145 = 0.3168
w(6,3) + DeltaW(6,3)
0.1365 + -0.0146 = 0.1219
w(6,4) + DeltaW(6,4)
0.1899 + 0.0115 = 0.2014
w(7,1) + DeltaW(7,1)
0.0296 + -0.0034 = 0.0262
w(7,2) + DeltaW(7,2)
-0.4897 + -0.0049 = -0.4946
B-17
w(7,3) = w(7,3) + DeltaW(7,3)
w(7,3) = 0.0683 + -0.005 = 0.0633
w(7,4) = w(7,4) + DeltaW(7,4)
w(7,4) = -0.3402 + 0.0039 = -0.3363
w(8,1) = w(8,1) + DeltaW(8,1)
w(8,1) = -0.3803 + -0.0085 = -0.3888
w(8,2) = w(8,2) + DeltaW(8,2)
w(8,2) = 0.2713 + -0.0125 = 0.2588
w(8,3) = w(8,3) + DeltaW(8,3)
w(8,3) = 0.051 + -0.0126 = 0.0384
w(8,4) = w(8,4) + DeltaW(8,4)
w(8,4) = 0.4462 + 0.0099 = 0.4561
w(9,1) = w(9,1) + DeltaW(9,1)
w(9,1) = 0.2606 + -0.0106 = 0.25
w(9,2) = w(9,2) + DeltaW(9,2)
w(9,2) = 0.0831 + -0.0157 = 0.0674
w(9,3) = w(9,3) + DeltaW(9,3)
w(9,3) = 0.3501 + -0.0158 = 0.3343
w(9,4) = w(9,4) + DeltaW(9,4)
w(9,4) = -0.451 + 0.0124 = -0.4386
w(10,1) = w(10,1) + DeltaW(10,1)
w(10,1) = 0.2179 + -0.0024 = 0.2155
w(10,2) = w(10,2) + DeltaW(10,2)
w(10,2) = 0.2112 + -0.0036 = 0.2076
w(10,3) = w(10,3) + DeltaW(10,3)
w(10,3) = -0.0344 + -0.0036 = -0.038
w(10,4) = w(10,4) + DeltaW(10,4)
w(10,4) = -0.0318 + 0.0028 = -0.029
v(1,1) = v(1,1) + DeltaV(1,1)
v(1,1) = 0.282 + 0 = 0.282
v(1,2) = v(1,2) + DeltaV(1,2)
v(1,2) = 0.019 + 0 = 0.019
v(1,3) = v(1,3) + DeltaV(1,3)
v(1,3) = -0.4576 + 0 = -0.4576
v(1,4) = v(1,4) + DeltaV(1,4)
v(1,4) = -0.0278 + 0 = -0.0278
v(1,5) = v(1,5) + DeltaV(1,5)
v(1,5) = 0.2138 + 0 = 0.2138
v(1,6) = v(1,6) + DeltaV(1,6)
v(1,6) = 0.4889 + 0 = 0.4889
v(1,7) = v(1,7) + DeltaV(1,7)
v(1,7) = 0.1324 + 0 = 0.1324
v(1,8) = v(1,8) + DeltaV(1,8)
v(1,8) = 0.4676 + 0 = 0.4676
v(1,9) = v(1,9) + DeltaV(1,9)
v(1,9) = 0.1965 + 0 = 0.1965
v(1,10) = v(1,10) + DeltaV(1,10)
v(1,10) = 0.2753 + 0 = 0.2753
v(2,1) = v(2,1) + DeltaV(2,1)
v(2,1) = -0.2267 + -0.0009 = -0.2276
v(2,2) = v(2,2) + DeltaV(2,2)
v(2,2) = -0.4551 + -0.00278 = -0.45788
v(2,3) = v(2,3) + DeltaV(2,3)
v(2,3) = 0.4956 + 0.002 = 0.4976
v(2,4) = v(2,4) + DeltaV(2,4)
v(2,4) = 0.3781 + -0.00352 = 0.37458
v(2,5) = v(2,5) + DeltaV(2,5)
v(2,5) = -0.2694 + 0.00192 = -0.26748
v(2,6) = v(2,6) + DeltaV(2,6)
v(2,6) = -0.3269 + -0.00244 = -0.32934
v(2,7) = v(2,7) + DeltaV(2,7)
v(2,7) = 0.1111 + 0.00054 = 0.11164
B-18
v(2,8) = v(2,8) + DeltaV(2,8)
v(2,8) = -0.4683 + 0.00208 = -0.46622
v(2,9) = v(2,9) + DeltaV(2,9)
v(2,9) = 0.0042 + -0.00708 = -0.00288
v(2,10) = v(2,10) + DeltaV(2,10)
v(2,10) = 0.1177 + -0.0011 = 0.1166
v(3,1) = v(3,1) + DeltaV(3,1)
v(3,1) = 0.0429 + 0 = 0.0429
v(3,2) = v(3,2) + DeltaV(3,2)
v(3,2) = 0.2672 + 0 = 0.2672
v(3,3) = v(3,3) + DeltaV(3,3)
v(3,3) = 0.3287 + 0 = 0.3287
v(3,4) = v(3,4) + DeltaV(3,4)
v(3,4) = -0.3869 + 0 = -0.3869
v(3,5) = v(3,5) + DeltaV(3,5)
v(3,5) = 0.0256 + 0 = 0.0256
v(3,6) = v(3,6) + DeltaV(3,6)
v(3,6) = 0.0536 + 0 = 0.0536
v(3,7) = v(3,7) + DeltaV(3,7)
v(3,7) = 0.2352 + 0 = 0.2352
v(3,8) = v(3,8) + DeltaV(3,8)
v(3,8) = 0.4249 + 0 = 0.4249
v(3,9) = v(3,9) + DeltaV(3,9)
v(3,9) = 0.3247 + 0 = 0.3247
v(3,10) = v(3,10) + DeltaV(3,10)
v(3,10) = -0.1092 + 0 = -0.1092
v(4,1) = v(4,1) + DeltaV(4,1)
v(4,1) = 0.1925 + -0.0009 = 0.1916
v(4,2) = v(4,2) + DeltaV(4,2)
v(4,2) = -0.447 + -0.00278 = -0.44978
v(4,3) = v(4,3) + DeltaV(4,3)
v(4,3) = -0.0598 + 0.002 = -0.0578
v(4,4) = v(4,4) + DeltaV(4,4)
v(4,4) = 0.31 + -0.00352 = 0.30648
v(4,5) = v(4,5) + DeltaV(4,5)
v(4,5) = 0.2006 + 0.00192 = 0.20252
v(4,6) = v(4,6) + DeltaV(4,6)
v(4,6) = -0.0024 + -0.00244 = -0.00484
v(4,7) = v(4,7) + DeltaV(4,7)
v(4,7) = -0.3936 + 0.00054 = -0.39306
v(4,8) = v(4,8) + DeltaV(4,8)
v(4,8) = -0.2201 + 0.00208 = -0.21802
v(4,9) = v(4,9) + DeltaV(4,9)
v(4,9) = -0.2094 + -0.00708 = -0.21648
v(4,10) = v(4,10) + DeltaV(4,10)
v(4,10) = -0.2414 + -0.0011 = -0.2425
v(5,1) = v(5,1) + DeltaV(5,1)
v(5,1) = -0.1453 + 0 = -0.1453
v(5,2) = v(5,2) + DeltaV(5,2)
v(5,2) = -0.4337 + 0 = -0.4337
v(5,3) = v(5,3) + DeltaV(5,3)
v(5,3) = 0.4315 + 0 = 0.4315
v(5,4) = v(5,4) + DeltaV(5,4)
v(5,4) = -0.4296 + 0 = -0.4296
v(5,5) = v(5,5) + DeltaV(5,5)
v(5,5) = 0.1538 + 0 = 0.1538
v(5,6) = v(5,6) + DeltaV(5,6)
v(5,6) = 0.4035 + 0 = 0.4035
v(5,7) = v(5,7) + DeltaV(5,7)
v(5,7) = 0.3888 + 0 = 0.3888
v(5,8) = v(5,8) + DeltaV(5,8)
v(5,8) = -0.3015 + 0 = -0.3015
v(5,9) = v(5,9) + DeltaV(5,9)
B-19
v(5,9) = -0.2307 + 0 = -0.2307
v(5,10) = v(5,10) + DeltaV(5,10)
v(5,10) = -0.1773 + 0 = -0.1773
v(6,1) = v(6,1) + DeltaV(6,1)
v(6,1) = -0.3376 + -0.0009 = -0.3385
v(6,2) = v(6,2) + DeltaV(6,2)
v(6,2) = 0.1431 + -0.00278 = 0.14032
v(6,3) = v(6,3) + DeltaV(6,3)
v(6,3) = 0.4355 + 0.002 = 0.4375
v(6,4) = v(6,4) + DeltaV(6,4)
v(6,4) = 0.2926 + -0.00352 = 0.28908
v(6,5) = v(6,5) + DeltaV(6,5)
v(6,5) = -0.0131 + 0.00192 = -0.01118
v(6,6) = v(6,6) + DeltaV(6,6)
v(6,6) = -0.3615 + -0.00244 = -0.36394
v(6,7) = v(6,7) + DeltaV(6,7)
v(6,7) = -0.3162 + 0.00054 = -0.31566
v(6,8) = v(6,8) + DeltaV(6,8)
v(6,8) = 0.079 + 0.00208 = 0.08108
v(6,9) = v(6,9) + DeltaV(6,9)
v(6,9) = -0.3722 + -0.00708 = -0.37928
v(6,10) = v(6,10) + DeltaV(6,10)
v(6,10) = -0.2842 + -0.0011 = -0.2853
v(7,1) = v(7,1) + DeltaV(7,1)
v(7,1) = -0.0171 + -0.0009 = -0.018
v(7,2) = v(7,2) + DeltaV(7,2)
v(7,2) = 0.1818 + -0.00278 = 0.17902
v(7,3) = v(7,3) + DeltaV(7,3)
v(7,3) = -0.4149 + 0.002 = -0.4129
v(7,4) = v(7,4) + DeltaV(7,4)
v(7,4) = -0.156 + -0.00352 = -0.15952
v(7,5) = v(7,5) + DeltaV(7,5)
v(7,5) = -0.4016 + 0.00192 = -0.39968
v(7,6) = v(7,6) + DeltaV(7,6)
v(7,6) = 0.3354 + -0.00244 = 0.33296
v(7,7) = v(7,7) + DeltaV(7,7)
v(7,7) = -0.1413 + 0.00054 = -0.14076
v(7,8) = v(7,8) + DeltaV(7,8)
v(7,8) = 0.2886 + 0.00208 = 0.29068
v(7,9) = v(7,9) + DeltaV(7,9)
v(7,9) = 0.2646 + -0.00708 = 0.25752
v(7,10) = v(7,10) + DeltaV(7,10)
v(7,10) = -0.1947 + -0.0011 = -0.1958
v(8,1) = v(8,1) + DeltaV(8,1)
v(8,1) = 0.4488 + -0.0009 = 0.4479
v(8,2) = v(8,2) + DeltaV(8,2)
v(8,2) = -0.216 + -0.00278 = -0.21878
v(8,3) = v(8,3) + DeltaV(8,3)
v(8,3) = -0.4871 + 0.002 = -0.4851
v(8,4) = v(8,4) + DeltaV(8,4)
v(8,4) = -0.4083 + -0.00352 = -0.41182
v(8,5) = v(8,5) + DeltaV(8,5)
v(8,5) = 0.0897 + 0.00192 = 0.09162
v(8,6) = v(8,6) + DeltaV(8,6)
v(8,6) = -0.4042 + -0.00244 = -0.40664
v(8,7) = v(8,7) + DeltaV(8,7)
v(8,7) = -0.188 + 0.00054 = -0.18746
v(8,8) = v(8,8) + DeltaV(8,8)
v(8,8) = -0.3055 + 0.00208 = -0.30342
v(8,9) = v(8,9) + DeltaV(8,9)
v(8,9) = 0.047 + -0.00708 = 0.03992
v(8,10) = v(8,10) + DeltaV(8,10)
v(8,10) = -0.0105 + -0.0011 = -0.0116
B-20
v(9,1) = v(9,1) + DeltaV(9,1)
v(9,1) = 0.4274 + -0.0009 = 0.4265
v(9,2) = v(9,2) + DeltaV(9,2)
v(9,2) = -0.1519 + -0.00278 = -0.15468
v(9,3) = v(9,3) + DeltaV(9,3)
v(9,3) = 0.3206 + 0.002 = 0.3226
v(9,4) = v(9,4) + DeltaV(9,4)
v(9,4) = 0.1685 + -0.00352 = 0.16498
v(9,5) = v(9,5) + DeltaV(9,5)
v(9,5) = 0.0937 + 0.00192 = 0.09562
v(9,6) = v(9,6) + DeltaV(9,6)
v(9,6) = 0.318 + -0.00244 = 0.31556
v(9,7) = v(9,7) + DeltaV(9,7)
v(9,7) = -0.3549 + 0.00054 = -0.35436
v(9,8) = v(9,8) + DeltaV(9,8)
v(9,8) = -0.0705 + 0.00208 = -0.06842
v(9,9) = v(9,9) + DeltaV(9,9)
v(9,9) = 0.342 + -0.00708 = 0.33492
v(9,10) = v(9,10) + DeltaV(9,10)
v(9,10) = 0.1044 + -0.0011 = 0.1033
v(10,1) = v(10,1) + DeltaV(10,1)
v(10,1) = 0.286 + 0 = 0.286
v(10,2) = v(10,2) + DeltaV(10,2)
v(10,2) = -0.2587 + 0 = -0.2587
v(10,3) = v(10,3) + DeltaV(10,3)
v(10,3) = -0.3589 + 0 = -0.3589
v(10,4) = v(10,4) + DeltaV(10,4)
v(10,4) = 0.2072 + 0 = 0.2072
v(10,5) = v(10,5) + DeltaV(10,5)
v(10,5) = 0.2433 + 0 = 0.2433
v(10,6) = v(10,6) + DeltaV(10,6)
v(10,6) = -0.1306 + 0 = -0.1306
v(10,7) = v(10,7) + DeltaV(10,7)
v(10,7) = 0.2565 + 0 = 0.2565
v(10,8) = v(10,8) + DeltaV(10,8)
v(10,8) = 0.3608 + 0 = 0.3608
v(10,9) = v(10,9) + DeltaV(10,9)
v(10,9) = -0.4831 + 0 = -0.4831
v(10,10) = v(10,10) + DeltaV(10,10)
v(10,10) = 0.314 + 0 = 0.314
v(11,1) = v(11,1) + DeltaV(11,1)
v(11,1) = -0.0772 + -0.0009 = -0.0781
v(11,2) = v(11,2) + DeltaV(11,2)
v(11,2) = 0.0963 + -0.00278 = 0.09352
v(11,3) = v(11,3) + DeltaV(11,3)
v(11,3) = 0.107 + 0.002 = 0.109
v(11,4) = v(11,4) + DeltaV(11,4)
v(11,4) = 0.075 + -0.00352 = 0.07148
v(11,5) = v(11,5) + DeltaV(11,5)
v(11,5) = 0.1711 + 0.00192 = 0.17302
v(11,6) = v(11,6) + DeltaV(11,6)
v(11,6) = -0.3829 + -0.00244 = -0.38534
v(11,7) = v(11,7) + DeltaV(11,7)
v(11,7) = -0.2521 + 0.00054 = -0.25156
v(11,8) = v(11,8) + DeltaV(11,8)
v(11,8) = -0.1133 + 0.00208 = -0.11122
v(11,9) = v(11,9) + DeltaV(11,9)
v(11,9) = 0.4702 + -0.00708 = 0.46312
v(11,10) = v(11,10) + DeltaV(11,10)
v(11,10) = -0.2801 + -0.0011 = -0.2812
v(12,1) = v(12,1) + DeltaV(12,1)
v(12,1) = -0.2948 + 0 = -0.2948
v(12,2) = v(12,2) + DeltaV(12,2)
B-21
v(12,2) = 0.0149 + 0 = 0.0149
v(12,3) = v(12,3) + DeltaV(12,3)
v(12,3) = 0.0856 + 0 = 0.0856
v(12,4) = v(12,4) + DeltaV(12,4)
v(12,4) = 0.1391 + 0 = 0.1391
v(12,5) = v(12,5) + DeltaV(12,5)
v(12,5) = -0.0212 + 0 = -0.0212
v(12,6) = v(12,6) + DeltaV(12,6)
v(12,6) = 0.4595 + 0 = 0.4595
v(12,7) = v(12,7) + DeltaV(12,7)
v(12,7) = -0.2481 + 0 = -0.2481
v(12,8) = v(12,8) + DeltaV(12,8)
v(12,8) = -0.391 + 0 = -0.391
v(12,9) = v(12,9) + DeltaV(12,9)
v(12,9) = 0.3033 + 0 = 0.3033
v(12,10) = v(12,10) + DeltaV(12,10)
v(12,10) = -0.0451 + 0 = -0.0451
v(13,1) = v(13,1) + DeltaV(13,1)
v(13,1) = 0.0002 + -0.0009 = -0.0007
v(13,2) = v(13,2) + DeltaV(13,2)
v(13,2) = 0.3954 + -0.00278 = 0.39262
v(13,3) = v(13,3) + DeltaV(13,3)
v(13,3) = -0.0558 + 0.002 = -0.0538
v(13,4) = v(13,4) + DeltaV(13,4)
v(13,4) = 0.0322 + -0.00352 = 0.02868
v(13,5) = v(13,5) + DeltaV(13,5)
v(13,5) = 0.2993 + 0.00192 = 0.30122
v(13,6) = v(13,6) + DeltaV(13,6)
v(13,6) = 0.2326 + -0.00244 = 0.23016
v(13,7) = v(13,7) + DeltaV(13,7)
v(13,7) = -0.0985 + 0.00054 = -0.09796
v(13,8) = v(13,8) + DeltaV(13,8)
v(13,8) = 0.1604 + 0.00208 = 0.16248
v(13,9) = v(13,9) + DeltaV(13,9)
v(13,9) = -0.3508 + -0.00708 = -0.35788
v(13,10) = v(13,10) + DeltaV(13,10)
v(13,10) = -0.3482 + -0.0011 = -0.3493
v(14,1) = v(14,1) + DeltaV(14,1)
v(14,1) = 0.1751 + 0 = 0.1751
v(14,2) = v(14,2) + DeltaV(14,2)
v(14,2) = 0.3394 + 0 = 0.3394
v(14,3) = v(14,3) + DeltaV(14,3)
v(14,3) = -0.419 + 0 = -0.419
v(14,4) = v(14,4) + DeltaV(14,4)
v(14,4) = 0.1217 + 0 = 0.1217
v(14,5) = v(14,5) + DeltaV(14,5)
v(14,5) = 0.4996 + 0 = 0.4996
v(14,6) = v(14,6) + DeltaV(14,6)
v(14,6) = 0.1004 + 0 = 0.1004
v(14,7) = v(14,7) + DeltaV(14,7)
v(14,7) = -0.4363 + 0 = -0.4363
v(14,8) = v(14,8) + DeltaV(14,8)
v(14,8) = -0.0919 + 0 = -0.0919
v(14,9) = v(14,9) + DeltaV(14,9)
v(14,9) = 0.4061 + 0 = 0.4061
v(14,10) = v(14,10) + DeltaV(14,10)
v(14,10) = -0.0878 + 0 = -0.0878
v(15,1) = v(15,1) + DeltaV(15,1)
v(15,1) = 0.1284 + -0.0009 = 0.1275
v(15,2) = v(15,2) + DeltaV(15,2)
v(15,2) = 0.0109 + -0.00278 = 0.00812
v(15,3) = v(15,3) + DeltaV(15,3)
v(15,3) = 0.3634 + 0.002 = 0.3654
B-22
v(15,4) = v(15,4) + DeltaV(15,4)
v(15,4) = 0.0403 + -0.00352 = 0.03678
v(15,5) = v(15,5) + DeltaV(15,5)
v(15,5) = 0.4783 + 0.00192 = 0.48022
v(15,6) = v(15,6) + DeltaV(15,6)
v(15,6) = 0.1645 + -0.00244 = 0.16206
v(15,7) = v(15,7) + DeltaV(15,7)
v(15,7) = 0.3715 + 0.00054 = 0.37204
v(15,8) = v(15,8) + DeltaV(15,8)
v(15,8) = 0.4849 + 0.00208 = 0.48698
v(15,9) = v(15,9) + DeltaV(15,9)
v(15,9) = 0.4101 + -0.00708 = 0.40302
v(15,10) = v(15,10) + DeltaV(15,10)
v(15,10) = -0.3656 + -0.0011 = -0.3667
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
*
+
+
+
*
*
*
*
+
*
*
*
*
+
B-23
(1 * 0.16498) + (1 * 0.2072) + (0 * 0.07148) + (1 * 0.1391) + (1 * 0.02868)
+ (1 * 0.1217) + (1 * 0.03678)
z_in(4) = -0.2374 + 0.1888 = -0.0486
z(4) = f(z_in(4)) = 0.4879
z_in(5) = V(0,5) + (X(1) * V(1,5)) + (X(2) * V(2,5)) + (X(3) * V(3,5)) +
(X(4) * V(4,5)) + (X(5) * V(5,5)) + (X(6) * V(6,5)) + (X(7) * V(7,5)) +
(X(8) * V(8,5)) + (X(9) * V(9,5)) + (X(10) * V(10,5)) + (X(11) * V(11,5)) +
(X(12) * V(12,5)) + (X(13) * V(13,5)) + (X(14) * V(14,5)) + (X(15) *
V(15,5))
z_in(5) = -0.423 + (0 * 0.2138) + (0 * -0.26748) + (1 * 0.0256) + (0 *
0.20252) + (0 * 0.1538) + (1 * -0.01118) + (0 * -0.39968) + (1 * 0.09162) +
(1 * 0.09562) + (1 * 0.2433) + (0 * 0.17302) + (1 * -0.0212) + (1 * 0.30122)
+ (1 * 0.4996) + (1 * 0.48022)
z_in(5) = -0.423 + 1.7048 = 1.2818
z(5) = f(z_in(5)) = 0.7828
z_in(6) = V(0,6) + (X(1) * V(1,6)) + (X(2) * V(2,6)) + (X(3) * V(3,6))
(X(4) * V(4,6)) + (X(5) * V(5,6)) + (X(6) * V(6,6)) + (X(7) * V(7,6))
(X(8) * V(8,6)) + (X(9) * V(9,6)) + (X(10) * V(10,6)) + (X(11) * V(11,6))
(X(12) * V(12,6)) + (X(13) * V(13,6)) + (X(14) * V(14,6)) + (X(15)
V(15,6))
z_in(6) = 0.3995 + (0 * 0.4889) + (0 * -0.32934) + (1 * 0.0536) + (0 *
0.00484) + (0 * 0.4035) + (1 * -0.36394) + (0 * 0.33296) + (1 * -0.40664)
(1 * 0.31556) + (1 * -0.1306) + (0 * -0.38534) + (1 * 0.4595) + (1
0.23016) + (1 * 0.1004) + (1 * 0.16206)
z_in(6) = 0.3995 + 0.4201 = 0.8196
z(6) = f(z_in(6)) = 0.6942
+
+
+
*
+
+
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*
+
+
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*
+
+
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*
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*
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-
+
*
+
-
B-24
z(9) = f(z_in(9)) = 0.5315
z_in(10) = V(0,10) + (X(1) * V(1,10)) + (X(2) * V(2,10)) + (X(3) * V(3,10))
+ (X(4) * V(4,10)) + (X(5) * V(5,10)) + (X(6) * V(6,10)) + (X(7) * V(7,10))
+ (X(8) * V(8,10)) + (X(9) * V(9,10)) + (X(10) * V(10,10)) + (X(11) *
V(11,10)) + (X(12) * V(12,10)) + (X(13) * V(13,10)) + (X(14) * V(14,10)) +
(X(15) * V(15,10))
z_in(10) = -0.4724 + (0 * 0.2753) + (0 * 0.1166) + (1 * -0.1092) + (0 * 0.2425) + (0 * -0.1773) + (1 * -0.2853) + (0 * -0.1958) + (1 * -0.0116) + (1
* 0.1033) + (1 * 0.314) + (0 * -0.2812) + (1 * -0.0451) + (1 * -0.3493) + (1
* -0.0878) + (1 * -0.3667)
z_in(10) = -0.4724 + -0.8377 = -1.3101
z(10) = f(z_in(10)) = 0.2125
y_in(1) = w(0,1) + (z(1) * w(1,1)) + (z(2) * w(2,1)) + (z(3) * w(3,1)) +
(z(4) * w(4,1)) + (z(5) * w(5,1)) + (z(6) * w(6,1)) + (z(7) * w(7,1)) +
(z(8) * w(8,1)) + (z(9) * w(9,1)) + (z(10) * w(10,1))
y_in(1) = -0.0385 + (0.6324 * -0.4086) + (0.5295 * -0.4462) + (0.6435 * 0.1815) + (0.4879 * 0.1454) + (0.7828 * 0.0532) + (0.6942 * 0.0118) +
(0.2479 * 0.0262) + (0.6288 * -0.3888) + (0.5315 * 0.25) + (0.2125 * 0.2155)
y_in(1) = -0.0385 + -0.55 = -0.5885
y(1) = f(y_in(1)) = 0.357
y_in(2) = w(0,2) + (z(1) * w(1,2)) + (z(2) * w(2,2)) + (z(3)
(z(4) * w(4,2)) + (z(5) * w(5,2)) + (z(6) * w(6,2)) + (z(7)
(z(8) * w(8,2)) + (z(9) * w(9,2)) + (z(10) * w(10,2))
y_in(2) = 0.2459 + (0.6324 * 0.0414) + (0.5295 * 0.1771) +
0.3914) + (0.4879 * 0.1076) + (0.7828 * 0.1868) + (0.6942
(0.2479 * -0.4946) + (0.6288 * 0.2588) + (0.5315 * 0.0674)
0.2076)
y_in(2) = 0.2459 + 0.4068 = 0.6527
y(2) = f(y_in(2)) = 0.6576
y_in(3) = w(0,3) + (z(1) * w(1,3)) + (z(2) * w(2,3)) + (z(3)
(z(4) * w(4,3)) + (z(5) * w(5,3)) + (z(6) * w(6,3)) + (z(7)
(z(8) * w(8,3)) + (z(9) * w(9,3)) + (z(10) * w(10,3))
y_in(3) = 0.3928 + (0.6324 * -0.0588) + (0.5295 * 0.2986)
0.2172) + (0.4879 * 0.2036) + (0.7828 * -0.4954) + (0.6942
(0.2479 * 0.0633) + (0.6288 * 0.0384) + (0.5315 * 0.3343) +
0.038)
y_in(3) = 0.3928 + 0.2663 = 0.6591
y(3) = f(y_in(3)) = 0.6591
y_in(4) = w(0,4) + (z(1) * w(1,4)) + (z(2) * w(2,4)) + (z(3)
(z(4) * w(4,4)) + (z(5) * w(5,4)) + (z(6) * w(6,4)) + (z(7)
(z(8) * w(8,4)) + (z(9) * w(9,4)) + (z(10) * w(10,4))
y_in(4) = 0.4208 + (0.6324 * -0.4636) + (0.5295 * -0.3159)
0.1644) + (0.4879 * -0.052) + (0.7828 * 0.0492) + (0.6942
(0.2479 * -0.3363) + (0.6288 * 0.4561) + (0.5315 * -0.4386) +
0.029)
y_in(4) = 0.4208 + -0.2376 = 0.1832
y(4) = f(y_in(4)) = 0.5457
Delta(1) = (T(1) - Y(1)) * Y(1) * (1 - Y(1))
Delta(1) = (0 - 0.357) * 0.357 * (1 - 0.357)
Delta(1) = -0.0819
Delta(2) = (T(2) - Y(2)) * Y(2) * (1 - Y(2))
Delta(2) = (0 - 0.6576) * 0.6576 * (1 - 0.6576)
Delta(2) = -0.1481
Delta(3) = (T(3) - Y(3)) * Y(3) * (1 - Y(3))
Delta(3) = (1 - 0.6591) * 0.6591 * (1 - 0.6591)
* w(3,2)) +
* w(7,2)) +
(0.6435 * * 0.3168) +
+ (0.2125 *
* w(3,3)) +
* w(7,3)) +
+ (0.6435 *
* 0.1219) +
(0.2125 * -
* w(3,4)) +
* w(7,4)) +
+ (0.6435 *
* 0.2014) +
(0.2125 * -
B-25
Delta(3) = 0.0766
Delta(4) = (T(4) - Y(4)) * Y(4) * (1 - Y(4))
Delta(4) = (0 - 0.5457) * 0.5457 * (1 - 0.5457)
Delta(4) = -0.1353
DeltaW(1,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.6324 = -0.0104
DeltaW(1,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.6324 = -0.0187
DeltaW(1,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.6324 = 0.0097
DeltaW(1,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(1)
DeltaW(1,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.6324 = -0.0171
DeltaW(2,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.5295 = -0.0087
DeltaW(2,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.5295 = -0.0157
DeltaW(2,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.5295 = 0.0081
DeltaW(2,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(2)
DeltaW(2,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.5295 = -0.0143
DeltaW(3,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.6435 = -0.0105
DeltaW(3,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.6435 = -0.0191
DeltaW(3,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.6435 = 0.0099
DeltaW(3,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(3)
DeltaW(3,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.6435 = -0.0174
DeltaW(4,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.4879 = -0.008
DeltaW(4,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.4879 = -0.0145
DeltaW(4,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.4879 = 0.0075
DeltaW(4,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(4)
DeltaW(4,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.4879 = -0.0132
DeltaW(5,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.7828 = -0.0128
DeltaW(5,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.7828 = -0.0232
DeltaW(5,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.7828 = 0.012
B-26
DeltaW(5,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(5)
DeltaW(5,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.7828 = -0.0212
DeltaW(6,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.6942 = -0.0114
DeltaW(6,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.6942 = -0.0206
DeltaW(6,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.6942 = 0.0106
DeltaW(6,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(6)
DeltaW(6,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.6942 = -0.0188
DeltaW(7,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.2479 = -0.0041
DeltaW(7,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.2479 = -0.0073
DeltaW(7,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.2479 = 0.0038
DeltaW(7,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(7)
DeltaW(7,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.2479 = -0.0067
DeltaW(8,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.6288 = -0.0103
DeltaW(8,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.6288 = -0.0186
DeltaW(8,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.6288 = 0.0096
DeltaW(8,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(8)
DeltaW(8,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.6288 = -0.017
DeltaW(9,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.5315 = -0.0087
DeltaW(9,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.5315 = -0.0157
DeltaW(9,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.5315 = 0.0081
DeltaW(9,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(9)
DeltaW(9,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.5315 = -0.0144
DeltaW(10,1) = Alpha * Delta(1) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 * 0.2125 = -0.0035
DeltaW(10,2) = Alpha * Delta(2) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 * 0.2125 = -0.0063
DeltaW(10,3) = Alpha * Delta(3) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 * 0.2125 = 0.0033
DeltaW(10,4) = Alpha * Delta(4) * z(10)
DeltaW(10,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 * 0.2125 = -0.0058
B-27
DeltaW(0,1) = Alpha * Delta(1)
DeltaW(0,1) = 0.2 * -0.0819 = -0.0164
DeltaW(0,2) = Alpha * Delta(2)
DeltaW(0,2) = 0.2 * -0.1481 = -0.0296
DeltaW(0,3) = Alpha * Delta(3)
DeltaW(0,3) = 0.2 * 0.0766 = 0.0153
DeltaW(0,4) = Alpha * Delta(4)
DeltaW(0,4) = 0.2 * -0.1353 = -0.0271
Delta_in(1) = (Delta(1) * w(1,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(1,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(1,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(1,4))
Delta_in(1) = (-0.0819 * -0.4086) + (-0.1481 * 0.0414) + (0.0766 * -0.0588)
+ (-0.1353 * -0.4636)
Delta_in(1) = 0.0856
Delta2(1) = (Delta_in(1) * z(1) * (1 - z(1))
Delta2(1) = (0.0856 * 0.6324 * (1 - 0.6324)
Delta2(1) = 0.0199
Delta_in(2) = (Delta(1) * w(2,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(2,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(2,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(2,4))
Delta_in(2) = (-0.0819 * -0.4462) + (-0.1481 * 0.1771) + (0.0766 * 0.2986) +
(-0.1353 * -0.3159)
Delta_in(2) = 0.0759
Delta2(2) = (Delta_in(2) * z(2) * (1 - z(2))
Delta2(2) = (0.0759 * 0.5295 * (1 - 0.5295)
Delta2(2) = 0.0189
Delta_in(3) = (Delta(1) * w(3,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(3,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(3,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(3,4))
Delta_in(3) = (-0.0819 * -0.1815) + (-0.1481 * -0.3914) + (0.0766 * 0.2172)
+ (-0.1353 * 0.1644)
Delta_in(3) = 0.0672
Delta2(3) = (Delta_in(3) * z(3) * (1 - z(3))
Delta2(3) = (0.0672 * 0.6435 * (1 - 0.6435)
Delta2(3) = 0.0154
Delta_in(4) = (Delta(1) * w(4,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(4,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(4,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(4,4))
Delta_in(4) = (-0.0819 * 0.1454) + (-0.1481 * 0.1076) + (0.0766 * 0.2036) +
(-0.1353 * -0.052)
Delta_in(4) = -0.0052
Delta2(4) = (Delta_in(4) * z(4) * (1 - z(4))
Delta2(4) = (-0.0052 * 0.4879 * (1 - 0.4879)
Delta2(4) = -0.0013
Delta_in(5) = (Delta(1) * w(5,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(5,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(5,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(5,4))
Delta_in(5) = (-0.0819 * 0.0532) + (-0.1481 * 0.1868) + (0.0766 * -0.4954) +
(-0.1353 * 0.0492)
Delta_in(5) = -0.0766
Delta2(5) = (Delta_in(5) * z(5) * (1 - z(5))
Delta2(5) = (-0.0766 * 0.7828 * (1 - 0.7828)
Delta2(5) = -0.013
Delta_in(6) =
(Delta(1) *
w(6,1)) +
(Delta(2)
* w(6,2))
+ (Delta(3)
B-28
w(6,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(6,4))
Delta_in(6) = (-0.0819 * 0.0118) + (-0.1481 * 0.3168) + (0.0766 * 0.1219) +
(-0.1353 * 0.2014)
Delta_in(6) = -0.0658
Delta2(6) = (Delta_in(6) * z(6) * (1 - z(6))
Delta2(6) = (-0.0658 * 0.6942 * (1 - 0.6942)
Delta2(6) = -0.014
Delta_in(7) = (Delta(1) * w(7,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(7,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(7,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(7,4))
Delta_in(7) = (-0.0819 * 0.0262) + (-0.1481 * -0.4946) + (0.0766 * 0.0633) +
(-0.1353 * -0.3363)
Delta_in(7) = 0.1215
Delta2(7) = (Delta_in(7) * z(7) * (1 - z(7))
Delta2(7) = (0.1215 * 0.2479 * (1 - 0.2479)
Delta2(7) = 0.0227
Delta_in(8) = (Delta(1) * w(8,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(8,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(8,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(8,4))
Delta_in(8) = (-0.0819 * -0.3888) + (-0.1481 * 0.2588) + (0.0766 * 0.0384) +
(-0.1353 * 0.4561)
Delta_in(8) = -0.0653
Delta2(8) = (Delta_in(8) * z(8) * (1 - z(8))
Delta2(8) = (-0.0653 * 0.6288 * (1 - 0.6288)
Delta2(8) = -0.0152
Delta_in(9) = (Delta(1) * w(9,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(9,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(9,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(9,4))
Delta_in(9) = (-0.0819 * 0.25) + (-0.1481 * 0.0674) + (0.0766 * 0.3343) + (0.1353 * -0.4386)
Delta_in(9) = 0.0545
Delta2(9) = (Delta_in(9) * z(9) * (1 - z(9))
Delta2(9) = (0.0545 * 0.5315 * (1 - 0.5315)
Delta2(9) = 0.0136
Delta_in(10) = (Delta(1) * w(10,1)) + (Delta(2) * w(10,2)) + (Delta(3) *
w(10,3)) + (Delta(4) * w(10,4))
Delta_in(10) = (-0.0819 * 0.2155) + (-0.1481 * 0.2076) + (0.0766 * -0.038) +
(-0.1353 * -0.029)
Delta_in(10) = -0.0474
Delta2(10) = (Delta_in(10) * z(10) * (1 - z(10))
Delta2(10) = (-0.0474 * 0.2125 * (1 - 0.2125)
Delta2(10) = -0.0079
DeltaV(1,1)
DeltaV(1,1)
DeltaV(1,2)
DeltaV(1,2)
DeltaV(1,3)
DeltaV(1,3)
DeltaV(1,4)
DeltaV(1,4)
DeltaV(1,5)
DeltaV(1,5)
DeltaV(1,6)
DeltaV(1,6)
DeltaV(1,7)
DeltaV(1,7)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
Alpha
0.2 *
* Delta2(1) * X(1)
0.0199 * 0 = 0
* Delta2(2) * X(1)
0.0189 * 0 = 0
* Delta2(3) * X(1)
0.0154 * 0 = 0
* Delta2(4) * X(1)
-0.0013 * 0 = 0
* Delta2(5) * X(1)
-0.013 * 0 = 0
* Delta2(6) * X(1)
-0.014 * 0 = 0
* Delta2(7) * X(1)
0.0227 * 0 = 0
B-29
DeltaV(1,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(1,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(1)
DeltaV(1,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(2,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(2)
DeltaV(2,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(3,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(3,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(3,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(3,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(3,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(3,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(3,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(3,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(3,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(3,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(3)
DeltaV(3,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(4,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(4)
B-30
DeltaV(4,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(4,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(4)
DeltaV(4,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(5,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(5)
DeltaV(5,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(6,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(6,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(6,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(6,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(6,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(6,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(6,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(6,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(6,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(6,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(6)
DeltaV(6,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(7,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(7,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(7)
DeltaV(7,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 0 = 0
B-31
DeltaV(8,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(8,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(8,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(8,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(8,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(8,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(8,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(8,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(8,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(8,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(8)
DeltaV(8,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(9,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(9,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(9,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(9,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(9,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(9,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(9,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(9,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(9,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(9,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(9)
DeltaV(9,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(10,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(10,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(10,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(10,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(10,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(10,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(10,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(10,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(10,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(10,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(10)
DeltaV(10,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(11,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(11)
B-32
DeltaV(11,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(11,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(11)
DeltaV(11,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 0 = 0
DeltaV(12,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(12,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(12,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(12,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(12,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(12,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(12,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(12,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(12,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(12,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(12)
DeltaV(12,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(13,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(13,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(13,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(13,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(13,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(13,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(13,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(13,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(13,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(13,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(13)
DeltaV(13,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(14,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(14,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(14,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
B-33
DeltaV(14,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(14,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(14,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(14,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(14,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(14,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(14,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(14)
DeltaV(14,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(15,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 * 1 = 0.00398
DeltaV(15,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 * 1 = 0.00378
DeltaV(15,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 * 1 = 0.00308
DeltaV(15,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 * 1 = -0.00026
DeltaV(15,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 * 1 = -0.0026
DeltaV(15,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 * 1 = -0.0028
DeltaV(15,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 * 1 = 0.00454
DeltaV(15,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 * 1 = -0.00304
DeltaV(15,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 * 1 = 0.00272
DeltaV(15,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10) * X(15)
DeltaV(15,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 * 1 = -0.00158
DeltaV(0,1) = Alpha * Delta2(1)
DeltaV(0,1) = 0.2 * 0.0199 = 0.00398
DeltaV(0,2) = Alpha * Delta2(2)
DeltaV(0,2) = 0.2 * 0.0189 = 0.00378
DeltaV(0,3) = Alpha * Delta2(3)
DeltaV(0,3) = 0.2 * 0.0154 = 0.00308
DeltaV(0,4) = Alpha * Delta2(4)
DeltaV(0,4) = 0.2 * -0.0013 = -0.00026
DeltaV(0,5) = Alpha * Delta2(5)
DeltaV(0,5) = 0.2 * -0.013 = -0.0026
DeltaV(0,6) = Alpha * Delta2(6)
DeltaV(0,6) = 0.2 * -0.014 = -0.0028
DeltaV(0,7) = Alpha * Delta2(7)
DeltaV(0,7) = 0.2 * 0.0227 = 0.00454
DeltaV(0,8) = Alpha * Delta2(8)
DeltaV(0,8) = 0.2 * -0.0152 = -0.00304
DeltaV(0,9) = Alpha * Delta2(9)
DeltaV(0,9) = 0.2 * 0.0136 = 0.00272
DeltaV(0,10) = Alpha * Delta2(10)
DeltaV(0,10) = 0.2 * -0.0079 = -0.00158
w(1,1)
w(1,1)
w(1,2)
w(1,2)
w(1,3)
w(1,3)
w(1,4)
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w(1,1) + DeltaW(1,1)
-0.4086 + -0.0104 = -0.419
w(1,2) + DeltaW(1,2)
0.0414 + -0.0187 = 0.0227
w(1,3) + DeltaW(1,3)
-0.0588 + 0.0097 = -0.0491
w(1,4) + DeltaW(1,4)
B-34
w(1,4)
w(2,1)
w(2,1)
w(2,2)
w(2,2)
w(2,3)
w(2,3)
w(2,4)
w(2,4)
w(3,1)
w(3,1)
w(3,2)
w(3,2)
w(3,3)
w(3,3)
w(3,4)
w(3,4)
w(4,1)
w(4,1)
w(4,2)
w(4,2)
w(4,3)
w(4,3)
w(4,4)
w(4,4)
w(5,1)
w(5,1)
w(5,2)
w(5,2)
w(5,3)
w(5,3)
w(5,4)
w(5,4)
w(6,1)
w(6,1)
w(6,2)
w(6,2)
w(6,3)
w(6,3)
w(6,4)
w(6,4)
w(7,1)
w(7,1)
w(7,2)
w(7,2)
w(7,3)
w(7,3)
w(7,4)
w(7,4)
w(8,1)
w(8,1)
w(8,2)
w(8,2)
w(8,3)
w(8,3)
w(8,4)
w(8,4)
w(9,1)
w(9,1)
w(9,2)
w(9,2)
w(9,3)
w(9,3)
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B-35
w(9,4) = w(9,4) + DeltaW(9,4)
w(9,4) = -0.4386 + -0.0144 = -0.453
w(10,1) = w(10,1) + DeltaW(10,1)
w(10,1) = 0.2155 + -0.0035 = 0.212
w(10,2) = w(10,2) + DeltaW(10,2)
w(10,2) = 0.2076 + -0.0063 = 0.2013
w(10,3) = w(10,3) + DeltaW(10,3)
w(10,3) = -0.038 + 0.0033 = -0.0347
w(10,4) = w(10,4) + DeltaW(10,4)
w(10,4) = -0.029 + -0.0058 = -0.0348
v(1,1) = v(1,1) + DeltaV(1,1)
v(1,1) = 0.282 + 0 = 0.282
v(1,2) = v(1,2) + DeltaV(1,2)
v(1,2) = 0.019 + 0 = 0.019
v(1,3) = v(1,3) + DeltaV(1,3)
v(1,3) = -0.4576 + 0 = -0.4576
v(1,4) = v(1,4) + DeltaV(1,4)
v(1,4) = -0.0278 + 0 = -0.0278
v(1,5) = v(1,5) + DeltaV(1,5)
v(1,5) = 0.2138 + 0 = 0.2138
v(1,6) = v(1,6) + DeltaV(1,6)
v(1,6) = 0.4889 + 0 = 0.4889
v(1,7) = v(1,7) + DeltaV(1,7)
v(1,7) = 0.1324 + 0 = 0.1324
v(1,8) = v(1,8) + DeltaV(1,8)
v(1,8) = 0.4676 + 0 = 0.4676
v(1,9) = v(1,9) + DeltaV(1,9)
v(1,9) = 0.1965 + 0 = 0.1965
v(1,10) = v(1,10) + DeltaV(1,10)
v(1,10) = 0.2753 + 0 = 0.2753
v(2,1) = v(2,1) + DeltaV(2,1)
v(2,1) = -0.2276 + 0 = -0.2276
v(2,2) = v(2,2) + DeltaV(2,2)
v(2,2) = -0.45788 + 0 = -0.45788
v(2,3) = v(2,3) + DeltaV(2,3)
v(2,3) = 0.4976 + 0 = 0.4976
v(2,4) = v(2,4) + DeltaV(2,4)
v(2,4) = 0.37458 + 0 = 0.37458
v(2,5) = v(2,5) + DeltaV(2,5)
v(2,5) = -0.26748 + 0 = -0.26748
v(2,6) = v(2,6) + DeltaV(2,6)
v(2,6) = -0.32934 + 0 = -0.32934
v(2,7) = v(2,7) + DeltaV(2,7)
v(2,7) = 0.11164 + 0 = 0.11164
v(2,8) = v(2,8) + DeltaV(2,8)
v(2,8) = -0.46622 + 0 = -0.46622
v(2,9) = v(2,9) + DeltaV(2,9)
v(2,9) = -0.00288 + 0 = -0.00288
v(2,10) = v(2,10) + DeltaV(2,10)
v(2,10) = 0.1166 + 0 = 0.1166
v(3,1) = v(3,1) + DeltaV(3,1)
v(3,1) = 0.0429 + 0.00398 = 0.04688
v(3,2) = v(3,2) + DeltaV(3,2)
v(3,2) = 0.2672 + 0.00378 = 0.27098
v(3,3) = v(3,3) + DeltaV(3,3)
v(3,3) = 0.3287 + 0.00308 = 0.33178
v(3,4) = v(3,4) + DeltaV(3,4)
v(3,4) = -0.3869 + -0.00026 = -0.38716
v(3,5) = v(3,5) + DeltaV(3,5)
v(3,5) = 0.0256 + -0.0026 = 0.023
v(3,6) = v(3,6) + DeltaV(3,6)
v(3,6) = 0.0536 + -0.0028 = 0.0508
B-36
v(3,7) = v(3,7) + DeltaV(3,7)
v(3,7) = 0.2352 + 0.00454 = 0.23974
v(3,8) = v(3,8) + DeltaV(3,8)
v(3,8) = 0.4249 + -0.00304 = 0.42186
v(3,9) = v(3,9) + DeltaV(3,9)
v(3,9) = 0.3247 + 0.00272 = 0.32742
v(3,10) = v(3,10) + DeltaV(3,10)
v(3,10) = -0.1092 + -0.00158 = -0.11078
v(4,1) = v(4,1) + DeltaV(4,1)
v(4,1) = 0.1916 + 0 = 0.1916
v(4,2) = v(4,2) + DeltaV(4,2)
v(4,2) = -0.44978 + 0 = -0.44978
v(4,3) = v(4,3) + DeltaV(4,3)
v(4,3) = -0.0578 + 0 = -0.0578
v(4,4) = v(4,4) + DeltaV(4,4)
v(4,4) = 0.30648 + 0 = 0.30648
v(4,5) = v(4,5) + DeltaV(4,5)
v(4,5) = 0.20252 + 0 = 0.20252
v(4,6) = v(4,6) + DeltaV(4,6)
v(4,6) = -0.00484 + 0 = -0.00484
v(4,7) = v(4,7) + DeltaV(4,7)
v(4,7) = -0.39306 + 0 = -0.39306
v(4,8) = v(4,8) + DeltaV(4,8)
v(4,8) = -0.21802 + 0 = -0.21802
v(4,9) = v(4,9) + DeltaV(4,9)
v(4,9) = -0.21648 + 0 = -0.21648
v(4,10) = v(4,10) + DeltaV(4,10)
v(4,10) = -0.2425 + 0 = -0.2425
v(5,1) = v(5,1) + DeltaV(5,1)
v(5,1) = -0.1453 + 0 = -0.1453
v(5,2) = v(5,2) + DeltaV(5,2)
v(5,2) = -0.4337 + 0 = -0.4337
v(5,3) = v(5,3) + DeltaV(5,3)
v(5,3) = 0.4315 + 0 = 0.4315
v(5,4) = v(5,4) + DeltaV(5,4)
v(5,4) = -0.4296 + 0 = -0.4296
v(5,5) = v(5,5) + DeltaV(5,5)
v(5,5) = 0.1538 + 0 = 0.1538
v(5,6) = v(5,6) + DeltaV(5,6)
v(5,6) = 0.4035 + 0 = 0.4035
v(5,7) = v(5,7) + DeltaV(5,7)
v(5,7) = 0.3888 + 0 = 0.3888
v(5,8) = v(5,8) + DeltaV(5,8)
v(5,8) = -0.3015 + 0 = -0.3015
v(5,9) = v(5,9) + DeltaV(5,9)
v(5,9) = -0.2307 + 0 = -0.2307
v(5,10) = v(5,10) + DeltaV(5,10)
v(5,10) = -0.1773 + 0 = -0.1773
v(6,1) = v(6,1) + DeltaV(6,1)
v(6,1) = -0.3385 + 0.00398 = -0.33452
v(6,2) = v(6,2) + DeltaV(6,2)
v(6,2) = 0.14032 + 0.00378 = 0.1441
v(6,3) = v(6,3) + DeltaV(6,3)
v(6,3) = 0.4375 + 0.00308 = 0.44058
v(6,4) = v(6,4) + DeltaV(6,4)
v(6,4) = 0.28908 + -0.00026 = 0.28882
v(6,5) = v(6,5) + DeltaV(6,5)
v(6,5) = -0.01118 + -0.0026 = -0.01378
v(6,6) = v(6,6) + DeltaV(6,6)
v(6,6) = -0.36394 + -0.0028 = -0.36674
v(6,7) = v(6,7) + DeltaV(6,7)
v(6,7) = -0.31566 + 0.00454 = -0.31112
v(6,8) = v(6,8) + DeltaV(6,8)
B-37
v(6,8) = 0.08108 + -0.00304 = 0.07804
v(6,9) = v(6,9) + DeltaV(6,9)
v(6,9) = -0.37928 + 0.00272 = -0.37656
v(6,10) = v(6,10) + DeltaV(6,10)
v(6,10) = -0.2853 + -0.00158 = -0.28688
v(7,1) = v(7,1) + DeltaV(7,1)
v(7,1) = -0.018 + 0 = -0.018
v(7,2) = v(7,2) + DeltaV(7,2)
v(7,2) = 0.17902 + 0 = 0.17902
v(7,3) = v(7,3) + DeltaV(7,3)
v(7,3) = -0.4129 + 0 = -0.4129
v(7,4) = v(7,4) + DeltaV(7,4)
v(7,4) = -0.15952 + 0 = -0.15952
v(7,5) = v(7,5) + DeltaV(7,5)
v(7,5) = -0.39968 + 0 = -0.39968
v(7,6) = v(7,6) + DeltaV(7,6)
v(7,6) = 0.33296 + 0 = 0.33296
v(7,7) = v(7,7) + DeltaV(7,7)
v(7,7) = -0.14076 + 0 = -0.14076
v(7,8) = v(7,8) + DeltaV(7,8)
v(7,8) = 0.29068 + 0 = 0.29068
v(7,9) = v(7,9) + DeltaV(7,9)
v(7,9) = 0.25752 + 0 = 0.25752
v(7,10) = v(7,10) + DeltaV(7,10)
v(7,10) = -0.1958 + 0 = -0.1958
v(8,1) = v(8,1) + DeltaV(8,1)
v(8,1) = 0.4479 + 0.00398 = 0.45188
v(8,2) = v(8,2) + DeltaV(8,2)
v(8,2) = -0.21878 + 0.00378 = -0.215
v(8,3) = v(8,3) + DeltaV(8,3)
v(8,3) = -0.4851 + 0.00308 = -0.48202
v(8,4) = v(8,4) + DeltaV(8,4)
v(8,4) = -0.41182 + -0.00026 = -0.41208
v(8,5) = v(8,5) + DeltaV(8,5)
v(8,5) = 0.09162 + -0.0026 = 0.08902
v(8,6) = v(8,6) + DeltaV(8,6)
v(8,6) = -0.40664 + -0.0028 = -0.40944
v(8,7) = v(8,7) + DeltaV(8,7)
v(8,7) = -0.18746 + 0.00454 = -0.18292
v(8,8) = v(8,8) + DeltaV(8,8)
v(8,8) = -0.30342 + -0.00304 = -0.30646
v(8,9) = v(8,9) + DeltaV(8,9)
v(8,9) = 0.03992 + 0.00272 = 0.04264
v(8,10) = v(8,10) + DeltaV(8,10)
v(8,10) = -0.0116 + -0.00158 = -0.01318
v(9,1) = v(9,1) + DeltaV(9,1)
v(9,1) = 0.4265 + 0.00398 = 0.43048
v(9,2) = v(9,2) + DeltaV(9,2)
v(9,2) = -0.15468 + 0.00378 = -0.1509
v(9,3) = v(9,3) + DeltaV(9,3)
v(9,3) = 0.3226 + 0.00308 = 0.32568
v(9,4) = v(9,4) + DeltaV(9,4)
v(9,4) = 0.16498 + -0.00026 = 0.16472
v(9,5) = v(9,5) + DeltaV(9,5)
v(9,5) = 0.09562 + -0.0026 = 0.09302
v(9,6) = v(9,6) + DeltaV(9,6)
v(9,6) = 0.31556 + -0.0028 = 0.31276
v(9,7) = v(9,7) + DeltaV(9,7)
v(9,7) = -0.35436 + 0.00454 = -0.34982
v(9,8) = v(9,8) + DeltaV(9,8)
v(9,8) = -0.06842 + -0.00304 = -0.07146
v(9,9) = v(9,9) + DeltaV(9,9)
v(9,9) = 0.33492 + 0.00272 = 0.33764
B-38
v(9,10) = v(9,10) + DeltaV(9,10)
v(9,10) = 0.1033 + -0.00158 = 0.10172
v(10,1) = v(10,1) + DeltaV(10,1)
v(10,1) = 0.286 + 0.00398 = 0.28998
v(10,2) = v(10,2) + DeltaV(10,2)
v(10,2) = -0.2587 + 0.00378 = -0.25492
v(10,3) = v(10,3) + DeltaV(10,3)
v(10,3) = -0.3589 + 0.00308 = -0.35582
v(10,4) = v(10,4) + DeltaV(10,4)
v(10,4) = 0.2072 + -0.00026 = 0.20694
v(10,5) = v(10,5) + DeltaV(10,5)
v(10,5) = 0.2433 + -0.0026 = 0.2407
v(10,6) = v(10,6) + DeltaV(10,6)
v(10,6) = -0.1306 + -0.0028 = -0.1334
v(10,7) = v(10,7) + DeltaV(10,7)
v(10,7) = 0.2565 + 0.00454 = 0.26104
v(10,8) = v(10,8) + DeltaV(10,8)
v(10,8) = 0.3608 + -0.00304 = 0.35776
v(10,9) = v(10,9) + DeltaV(10,9)
v(10,9) = -0.4831 + 0.00272 = -0.48038
v(10,10) = v(10,10) + DeltaV(10,10)
v(10,10) = 0.314 + -0.00158 = 0.31242
v(11,1) = v(11,1) + DeltaV(11,1)
v(11,1) = -0.0781 + 0 = -0.0781
v(11,2) = v(11,2) + DeltaV(11,2)
v(11,2) = 0.09352 + 0 = 0.09352
v(11,3) = v(11,3) + DeltaV(11,3)
v(11,3) = 0.109 + 0 = 0.109
v(11,4) = v(11,4) + DeltaV(11,4)
v(11,4) = 0.07148 + 0 = 0.07148
v(11,5) = v(11,5) + DeltaV(11,5)
v(11,5) = 0.17302 + 0 = 0.17302
v(11,6) = v(11,6) + DeltaV(11,6)
v(11,6) = -0.38534 + 0 = -0.38534
v(11,7) = v(11,7) + DeltaV(11,7)
v(11,7) = -0.25156 + 0 = -0.25156
v(11,8) = v(11,8) + DeltaV(11,8)
v(11,8) = -0.11122 + 0 = -0.11122
v(11,9) = v(11,9) + DeltaV(11,9)
v(11,9) = 0.46312 + 0 = 0.46312
v(11,10) = v(11,10) + DeltaV(11,10)
v(11,10) = -0.2812 + 0 = -0.2812
v(12,1) = v(12,1) + DeltaV(12,1)
v(12,1) = -0.2948 + 0.00398 = -0.29082
v(12,2) = v(12,2) + DeltaV(12,2)
v(12,2) = 0.0149 + 0.00378 = 0.01868
v(12,3) = v(12,3) + DeltaV(12,3)
v(12,3) = 0.0856 + 0.00308 = 0.08868
v(12,4) = v(12,4) + DeltaV(12,4)
v(12,4) = 0.1391 + -0.00026 = 0.13884
v(12,5) = v(12,5) + DeltaV(12,5)
v(12,5) = -0.0212 + -0.0026 = -0.0238
v(12,6) = v(12,6) + DeltaV(12,6)
v(12,6) = 0.4595 + -0.0028 = 0.4567
v(12,7) = v(12,7) + DeltaV(12,7)
v(12,7) = -0.2481 + 0.00454 = -0.24356
v(12,8) = v(12,8) + DeltaV(12,8)
v(12,8) = -0.391 + -0.00304 = -0.39404
v(12,9) = v(12,9) + DeltaV(12,9)
v(12,9) = 0.3033 + 0.00272 = 0.30602
v(12,10) = v(12,10) + DeltaV(12,10)
v(12,10) = -0.0451 + -0.00158 = -0.04668
v(13,1) = v(13,1) + DeltaV(13,1)
B-39
v(13,1) = -0.0007 + 0.00398 = 0.00328
v(13,2) = v(13,2) + DeltaV(13,2)
v(13,2) = 0.39262 + 0.00378 = 0.3964
v(13,3) = v(13,3) + DeltaV(13,3)
v(13,3) = -0.0538 + 0.00308 = -0.05072
v(13,4) = v(13,4) + DeltaV(13,4)
v(13,4) = 0.02868 + -0.00026 = 0.02842
v(13,5) = v(13,5) + DeltaV(13,5)
v(13,5) = 0.30122 + -0.0026 = 0.29862
v(13,6) = v(13,6) + DeltaV(13,6)
v(13,6) = 0.23016 + -0.0028 = 0.22736
v(13,7) = v(13,7) + DeltaV(13,7)
v(13,7) = -0.09796 + 0.00454 = -0.09342
v(13,8) = v(13,8) + DeltaV(13,8)
v(13,8) = 0.16248 + -0.00304 = 0.15944
v(13,9) = v(13,9) + DeltaV(13,9)
v(13,9) = -0.35788 + 0.00272 = -0.35516
v(13,10) = v(13,10) + DeltaV(13,10)
v(13,10) = -0.3493 + -0.00158 = -0.35088
v(14,1) = v(14,1) + DeltaV(14,1)
v(14,1) = 0.1751 + 0.00398 = 0.17908
v(14,2) = v(14,2) + DeltaV(14,2)
v(14,2) = 0.3394 + 0.00378 = 0.34318
v(14,3) = v(14,3) + DeltaV(14,3)
v(14,3) = -0.419 + 0.00308 = -0.41592
v(14,4) = v(14,4) + DeltaV(14,4)
v(14,4) = 0.1217 + -0.00026 = 0.12144
v(14,5) = v(14,5) + DeltaV(14,5)
v(14,5) = 0.4996 + -0.0026 = 0.497
v(14,6) = v(14,6) + DeltaV(14,6)
v(14,6) = 0.1004 + -0.0028 = 0.0976
v(14,7) = v(14,7) + DeltaV(14,7)
v(14,7) = -0.4363 + 0.00454 = -0.43176
v(14,8) = v(14,8) + DeltaV(14,8)
v(14,8) = -0.0919 + -0.00304 = -0.09494
v(14,9) = v(14,9) + DeltaV(14,9)
v(14,9) = 0.4061 + 0.00272 = 0.40882
v(14,10) = v(14,10) + DeltaV(14,10)
v(14,10) = -0.0878 + -0.00158 = -0.08938
v(15,1) = v(15,1) + DeltaV(15,1)
v(15,1) = 0.1275 + 0.00398 = 0.13148
v(15,2) = v(15,2) + DeltaV(15,2)
v(15,2) = 0.00812 + 0.00378 = 0.0119
v(15,3) = v(15,3) + DeltaV(15,3)
v(15,3) = 0.3654 + 0.00308 = 0.36848
v(15,4) = v(15,4) + DeltaV(15,4)
v(15,4) = 0.03678 + -0.00026 = 0.03652
v(15,5) = v(15,5) + DeltaV(15,5)
v(15,5) = 0.48022 + -0.0026 = 0.47762
v(15,6) = v(15,6) + DeltaV(15,6)
v(15,6) = 0.16206 + -0.0028 = 0.15926
v(15,7) = v(15,7) + DeltaV(15,7)
v(15,7) = 0.37204 + 0.00454 = 0.37658
v(15,8) = v(15,8) + DeltaV(15,8)
v(15,8) = 0.48698 + -0.00304 = 0.48394
v(15,9) = v(15,9) + DeltaV(15,9)
v(15,9) = 0.40302 + 0.00272 = 0.40574
v(15,10) = v(15,10) + DeltaV(15,10)
v(15,10) = -0.3667 + -0.00158 = -0.36828
Dan seterusnya
Proses perhitungan berulang untuk epoh ke-2, epoh ke-3 sampai epoh ke-10.
B-40
Hasil akhir perhitungan bobot pada epoh ke-10 adalah sebagai berikut:
w(1,1)
w(1,1)
w(1,2)
w(1,2)
w(1,3)
w(1,3)
w(1,4)
w(1,4)
w(2,1)
w(2,1)
w(2,2)
w(2,2)
w(2,3)
w(2,3)
w(2,4)
w(2,4)
w(3,1)
w(3,1)
w(3,2)
w(3,2)
w(3,3)
w(3,3)
w(3,4)
w(3,4)
w(4,1)
w(4,1)
w(4,2)
w(4,2)
w(4,3)
w(4,3)
w(4,4)
w(4,4)
w(5,1)
w(5,1)
w(5,2)
w(5,2)
w(5,3)
w(5,3)
w(5,4)
w(5,4)
w(6,1)
w(6,1)
w(6,2)
w(6,2)
w(6,3)
w(6,3)
w(6,4)
w(6,4)
w(7,1)
w(7,1)
w(7,2)
w(7,2)
w(7,3)
w(7,3)
w(7,4)
w(7,4)
w(8,1)
w(8,1)
w(8,2)
w(8,2)
w(8,3)
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w(1,1) + DeltaW(1,1)
-0.5467 + -0.0048 = -0.5515
w(1,2) + DeltaW(1,2)
-0.2136 + -0.0103 = -0.2239
w(1,3) + DeltaW(1,3)
-0.11 + 0.0129 = -0.0971
w(1,4) + DeltaW(1,4)
-0.4933 + -0.0169 = -0.5102
w(2,1) + DeltaW(2,1)
-0.5387 + -0.004 = -0.5427
w(2,2) + DeltaW(2,2)
9.99999999999942E-05 + -0.0086 = -8.50000000000001E-03
w(2,3) + DeltaW(2,3)
0.304 + 0.0107 = 0.3147
w(2,4) + DeltaW(2,4)
-0.3799 + -0.0141 = -0.394
w(3,1) + DeltaW(3,1)
-0.3467 + -0.0049 = -0.3516
w(3,2) + DeltaW(3,2)
-0.6907 + -0.0106 = -0.7013
w(3,3) + DeltaW(3,3)
0.1136 + 0.0132 = 0.1268
w(3,4) + DeltaW(3,4)
0.1756 + -0.0173 = 0.1583
w(4,1) + DeltaW(4,1)
0.0217 + -0.0033 = 0.0184
w(4,2) + DeltaW(4,2)
-0.1149 + -0.0071 = -0.122
w(4,3) + DeltaW(4,3)
0.1177 + 0.0088 = 0.1265
w(4,4) + DeltaW(4,4)
-0.0342 + -0.0116 = -0.0458
w(5,1) + DeltaW(5,1)
-0.0977 + -0.0054 = -0.1031
w(5,2) + DeltaW(5,2)
-0.095 + -0.0116 = -0.1066
w(5,3) + DeltaW(5,3)
-0.5303 + 0.0144 = -0.5159
w(5,4) + DeltaW(5,4)
-0.007 + -0.0189 = -0.0259
w(6,1) + DeltaW(6,1)
-0.1153 + -0.0045 = -0.1198
w(6,2) + DeltaW(6,2)
0.0787 + -0.0097 = 0.069
w(6,3) + DeltaW(6,3)
0.1 + 0.0121 = 0.1121
w(6,4) + DeltaW(6,4)
0.146 + -0.0158 = 0.1302
w(7,1) + DeltaW(7,1)
-0.0254 + -0.0022 = -0.0276
w(7,2) + DeltaW(7,2)
-0.5914 + -0.0048 = -0.5962
w(7,3) + DeltaW(7,3)
0.056 + 0.006 = 0.062
w(7,4) + DeltaW(7,4)
-0.3605 + -0.0078 = -0.3683
w(8,1) + DeltaW(8,1)
-0.5065 + -0.0042 = -0.5107
w(8,2) + DeltaW(8,2)
0.0382 + -0.0091 = 0.0291
w(8,3) + DeltaW(8,3)
B-41
w(8,3) = 0.0154 + 0.0113 = 0.0267
w(8,4) = w(8,4) + DeltaW(8,4)
w(8,4) = 0.4076 + -0.0149 = 0.3927
w(9,1) = w(9,1) + DeltaW(9,1)
w(9,1) = 0.1348 + -0.0037 = 0.1311
w(9,2) = w(9,2) + DeltaW(9,2)
w(9,2) = -0.1447 + -0.008 = -0.1527
w(9,3) = w(9,3) + DeltaW(9,3)
w(9,3) = 0.2851 + 0.01 = 0.2951
w(9,4) = w(9,4) + DeltaW(9,4)
w(9,4) = -0.4563 + -0.0131 = -0.4694
w(10,1) = w(10,1) + DeltaW(10,1)
w(10,1) = 0.1805 + -0.0013 = 0.1792
w(10,2) = w(10,2) + DeltaW(10,2)
w(10,2) = 0.1409 + -0.0029 = 0.138
w(10,3) = w(10,3) + DeltaW(10,3)
w(10,3) = -0.0379 + 0.0036 = -0.0343
w(10,4) = w(10,4) + DeltaW(10,4)
w(10,4) = -0.0513 + -0.0047 = -0.056
v(1,1) = v(1,1) + DeltaV(1,1)
v(1,1) = 0.282 + 0 = 0.282
v(1,2) = v(1,2) + DeltaV(1,2)
v(1,2) = 0.019 + 0 = 0.019
v(1,3) = v(1,3) + DeltaV(1,3)
v(1,3) = -0.4576 + 0 = -0.4576
v(1,4) = v(1,4) + DeltaV(1,4)
v(1,4) = -0.0278 + 0 = -0.0278
v(1,5) = v(1,5) + DeltaV(1,5)
v(1,5) = 0.2138 + 0 = 0.2138
v(1,6) = v(1,6) + DeltaV(1,6)
v(1,6) = 0.4889 + 0 = 0.4889
v(1,7) = v(1,7) + DeltaV(1,7)
v(1,7) = 0.1324 + 0 = 0.1324
v(1,8) = v(1,8) + DeltaV(1,8)
v(1,8) = 0.4676 + 0 = 0.4676
v(1,9) = v(1,9) + DeltaV(1,9)
v(1,9) = 0.1965 + 0 = 0.1965
v(1,10) = v(1,10) + DeltaV(1,10)
v(1,10) = 0.2753 + 0 = 0.2753
v(2,1) = v(2,1) + DeltaV(2,1)
v(2,1) = -0.23038 + 0 = -0.23038
v(2,2) = v(2,2) + DeltaV(2,2)
v(2,2) = -0.4818 + 0 = -0.4818
v(2,3) = v(2,3) + DeltaV(2,3)
v(2,3) = 0.51898 + 0 = 0.51898
v(2,4) = v(2,4) + DeltaV(2,4)
v(2,4) = 0.35826 + 0 = 0.35826
v(2,5) = v(2,5) + DeltaV(2,5)
v(2,5) = -0.23652 + 0 = -0.23652
v(2,6) = v(2,6) + DeltaV(2,6)
v(2,6) = -0.33684 + 0 = -0.33684
v(2,7) = v(2,7) + DeltaV(2,7)
v(2,7) = 0.11372 + 0 = 0.11372
v(2,8) = v(2,8) + DeltaV(2,8)
v(2,8) = -0.43992 + 0 = -0.43992
v(2,9) = v(2,9) + DeltaV(2,9)
v(2,9) = -0.0528 + 0 = -0.0528
v(2,10) = v(2,10) + DeltaV(2,10)
v(2,10) = 0.11052 + 0 = 0.11052
v(3,1) = v(3,1) + DeltaV(3,1)
v(3,1) = 0.07864 + 0.00352 = 0.08216
v(3,2) = v(3,2) + DeltaV(3,2)
B-42
v(3,2) = 0.30494 + 0.00448 = 0.30942
v(3,3) = v(3,3) + DeltaV(3,3)
v(3,3) = 0.35576 + 0.0021 = 0.35786
v(3,4) = v(3,4) + DeltaV(3,4)
v(3,4) = -0.38092 + 0.00114 = -0.37978
v(3,5) = v(3,5) + DeltaV(3,5)
v(3,5) = 0.00938 + -0.00128 = 0.0081
v(3,6) = v(3,6) + DeltaV(3,6)
v(3,6) = 0.03948 + -0.00046 = 0.03902
v(3,7) = v(3,7) + DeltaV(3,7)
v(3,7) = 0.2763 + 0.00408 = 0.28038
v(3,8) = v(3,8) + DeltaV(3,8)
v(3,8) = 0.40464 + -0.00156 = 0.40308
v(3,9) = v(3,9) + DeltaV(3,9)
v(3,9) = 0.35852 + 0.00432 = 0.36284
v(3,10) = v(3,10) + DeltaV(3,10)
v(3,10) = -0.11814 + -0.00044 = -0.11858
v(4,1) = v(4,1) + DeltaV(4,1)
v(4,1) = 0.18882 + 0 = 0.18882
v(4,2) = v(4,2) + DeltaV(4,2)
v(4,2) = -0.4737 + 0 = -0.4737
v(4,3) = v(4,3) + DeltaV(4,3)
v(4,3) = -0.03642 + 0 = -0.03642
v(4,4) = v(4,4) + DeltaV(4,4)
v(4,4) = 0.29016 + 0 = 0.29016
v(4,5) = v(4,5) + DeltaV(4,5)
v(4,5) = 0.23348 + 0 = 0.23348
v(4,6) = v(4,6) + DeltaV(4,6)
v(4,6) = -0.01234 + 0 = -0.01234
v(4,7) = v(4,7) + DeltaV(4,7)
v(4,7) = -0.39098 + 0 = -0.39098
v(4,8) = v(4,8) + DeltaV(4,8)
v(4,8) = -0.19172 + 0 = -0.19172
v(4,9) = v(4,9) + DeltaV(4,9)
v(4,9) = -0.2664 + 0 = -0.2664
v(4,10) = v(4,10) + DeltaV(4,10)
v(4,10) = -0.24858 + 0 = -0.24858
v(5,1) = v(5,1) + DeltaV(5,1)
v(5,1) = -0.1453 + 0 = -0.1453
v(5,2) = v(5,2) + DeltaV(5,2)
v(5,2) = -0.4337 + 0 = -0.4337
v(5,3) = v(5,3) + DeltaV(5,3)
v(5,3) = 0.4315 + 0 = 0.4315
v(5,4) = v(5,4) + DeltaV(5,4)
v(5,4) = -0.4296 + 0 = -0.4296
v(5,5) = v(5,5) + DeltaV(5,5)
v(5,5) = 0.1538 + 0 = 0.1538
v(5,6) = v(5,6) + DeltaV(5,6)
v(5,6) = 0.4035 + 0 = 0.4035
v(5,7) = v(5,7) + DeltaV(5,7)
v(5,7) = 0.3888 + 0 = 0.3888
v(5,8) = v(5,8) + DeltaV(5,8)
v(5,8) = -0.3015 + 0 = -0.3015
v(5,9) = v(5,9) + DeltaV(5,9)
v(5,9) = -0.2307 + 0 = -0.2307
v(5,10) = v(5,10) + DeltaV(5,10)
v(5,10) = -0.1773 + 0 = -0.1773
v(6,1) = v(6,1) + DeltaV(6,1)
v(6,1) = -0.30554 + 0.00352 = -0.30202
v(6,2) = v(6,2) + DeltaV(6,2)
v(6,2) = 0.15414 + 0.00448 = 0.15862
v(6,3) = v(6,3) + DeltaV(6,3)
v(6,3) = 0.48594 + 0.0021 = 0.48804
B-43
v(6,4) = v(6,4) + DeltaV(6,4)
v(6,4) = 0.27874 + 0.00114 = 0.27988
v(6,5) = v(6,5) + DeltaV(6,5)
v(6,5) = 0.00356 + -0.00128 = 0.00228
v(6,6) = v(6,6) + DeltaV(6,6)
v(6,6) = -0.38556 + -0.00046 = -0.38602
v(6,7) = v(6,7) + DeltaV(6,7)
v(6,7) = -0.27248 + 0.00408 = -0.2684
v(6,8) = v(6,8) + DeltaV(6,8)
v(6,8) = 0.08712 + -0.00156 = 0.08556
v(6,9) = v(6,9) + DeltaV(6,9)
v(6,9) = -0.39538 + 0.00432 = -0.39106
v(6,10) = v(6,10) + DeltaV(6,10)
v(6,10) = -0.30032 + -0.00044 = -0.30076
v(7,1) = v(7,1) + DeltaV(7,1)
v(7,1) = -0.02078 + 0 = -0.02078
v(7,2) = v(7,2) + DeltaV(7,2)
v(7,2) = 0.1551 + 0 = 0.1551
v(7,3) = v(7,3) + DeltaV(7,3)
v(7,3) = -0.39152 + 0 = -0.39152
v(7,4) = v(7,4) + DeltaV(7,4)
v(7,4) = -0.17584 + 0 = -0.17584
v(7,5) = v(7,5) + DeltaV(7,5)
v(7,5) = -0.36872 + 0 = -0.36872
v(7,6) = v(7,6) + DeltaV(7,6)
v(7,6) = 0.32546 + 0 = 0.32546
v(7,7) = v(7,7) + DeltaV(7,7)
v(7,7) = -0.13868 + 0 = -0.13868
v(7,8) = v(7,8) + DeltaV(7,8)
v(7,8) = 0.31698 + 0 = 0.31698
v(7,9) = v(7,9) + DeltaV(7,9)
v(7,9) = 0.2076 + 0 = 0.2076
v(7,10) = v(7,10) + DeltaV(7,10)
v(7,10) = -0.20188 + 0 = -0.20188
v(8,1) = v(8,1) + DeltaV(8,1)
v(8,1) = 0.48086 + 0.00352 = 0.48438
v(8,2) = v(8,2) + DeltaV(8,2)
v(8,2) = -0.20496 + 0.00448 = -0.20048
v(8,3) = v(8,3) + DeltaV(8,3)
v(8,3) = -0.43666 + 0.0021 = -0.43456
v(8,4) = v(8,4) + DeltaV(8,4)
v(8,4) = -0.42216 + 0.00114 = -0.42102
v(8,5) = v(8,5) + DeltaV(8,5)
v(8,5) = 0.10636 + -0.00128 = 0.10508
v(8,6) = v(8,6) + DeltaV(8,6)
v(8,6) = -0.42826 + -0.00046 = -0.42872
v(8,7) = v(8,7) + DeltaV(8,7)
v(8,7) = -0.14428 + 0.00408 = -0.1402
v(8,8) = v(8,8) + DeltaV(8,8)
v(8,8) = -0.29738 + -0.00156 = -0.29894
v(8,9) = v(8,9) + DeltaV(8,9)
v(8,9) = 0.02382 + 0.00432 = 0.02814
v(8,10) = v(8,10) + DeltaV(8,10)
v(8,10) = -0.02662 + -0.00044 = -0.02706
v(9,1) = v(9,1) + DeltaV(9,1)
v(9,1) = 0.45946 + 0.00352 = 0.46298
v(9,2) = v(9,2) + DeltaV(9,2)
v(9,2) = -0.14086 + 0.00448 = -0.13638
v(9,3) = v(9,3) + DeltaV(9,3)
v(9,3) = 0.37104 + 0.0021 = 0.37314
v(9,4) = v(9,4) + DeltaV(9,4)
v(9,4) = 0.15464 + 0.00114 = 0.15578
v(9,5) = v(9,5) + DeltaV(9,5)
B-44
v(9,5) = 0.11036 + -0.00128 = 0.10908
v(9,6) = v(9,6) + DeltaV(9,6)
v(9,6) = 0.29394 + -0.00046 = 0.29348
v(9,7) = v(9,7) + DeltaV(9,7)
v(9,7) = -0.31118 + 0.00408 = -0.3071
v(9,8) = v(9,8) + DeltaV(9,8)
v(9,8) = -0.06238 + -0.00156 = -0.06394
v(9,9) = v(9,9) + DeltaV(9,9)
v(9,9) = 0.31882 + 0.00432 = 0.32314
v(9,10) = v(9,10) + DeltaV(9,10)
v(9,10) = 0.08828 + -0.00044 = 0.08784
v(10,1) = v(10,1) + DeltaV(10,1)
v(10,1) = 0.32174 + 0.00352 = 0.32526
v(10,2) = v(10,2) + DeltaV(10,2)
v(10,2) = -0.22096 + 0.00448 = -0.21648
v(10,3) = v(10,3) + DeltaV(10,3)
v(10,3) = -0.33184 + 0.0021 = -0.32974
v(10,4) = v(10,4) + DeltaV(10,4)
v(10,4) = 0.21318 + 0.00114 = 0.21432
v(10,5) = v(10,5) + DeltaV(10,5)
v(10,5) = 0.22708 + -0.00128 = 0.2258
v(10,6) = v(10,6) + DeltaV(10,6)
v(10,6) = -0.14472 + -0.00046 = -0.14518
v(10,7) = v(10,7) + DeltaV(10,7)
v(10,7) = 0.2976 + 0.00408 = 0.30168
v(10,8) = v(10,8) + DeltaV(10,8)
v(10,8) = 0.34054 + -0.00156 = 0.33898
v(10,9) = v(10,9) + DeltaV(10,9)
v(10,9) = -0.44928 + 0.00432 = -0.44496
v(10,10) = v(10,10) + DeltaV(10,10)
v(10,10) = 0.30506 + -0.00044 = 0.30462
v(11,1) = v(11,1) + DeltaV(11,1)
v(11,1) = -0.08088 + 0 = -0.08088
v(11,2) = v(11,2) + DeltaV(11,2)
v(11,2) = 0.0696 + 0 = 0.0696
v(11,3) = v(11,3) + DeltaV(11,3)
v(11,3) = 0.13038 + 0 = 0.13038
v(11,4) = v(11,4) + DeltaV(11,4)
v(11,4) = 0.05516 + 0 = 0.05516
v(11,5) = v(11,5) + DeltaV(11,5)
v(11,5) = 0.20398 + 0 = 0.20398
v(11,6) = v(11,6) + DeltaV(11,6)
v(11,6) = -0.39284 + 0 = -0.39284
v(11,7) = v(11,7) + DeltaV(11,7)
v(11,7) = -0.24948 + 0 = -0.24948
v(11,8) = v(11,8) + DeltaV(11,8)
v(11,8) = -0.08492 + 0 = -0.08492
v(11,9) = v(11,9) + DeltaV(11,9)
v(11,9) = 0.4132 + 0 = 0.4132
v(11,10) = v(11,10) + DeltaV(11,10)
v(11,10) = -0.28728 + 0 = -0.28728
v(12,1) = v(12,1) + DeltaV(12,1)
v(12,1) = -0.25906 + 0.00352 = -0.25554
v(12,2) = v(12,2) + DeltaV(12,2)
v(12,2) = 0.05264 + 0.00448 = 0.05712
v(12,3) = v(12,3) + DeltaV(12,3)
v(12,3) = 0.11266 + 0.0021 = 0.11476
v(12,4) = v(12,4) + DeltaV(12,4)
v(12,4) = 0.14508 + 0.00114 = 0.14622
v(12,5) = v(12,5) + DeltaV(12,5)
v(12,5) = -0.03742 + -0.00128 = -0.0387
v(12,6) = v(12,6) + DeltaV(12,6)
v(12,6) = 0.44538 + -0.00046 = 0.44492
B-45
v(12,7) = v(12,7) + DeltaV(12,7)
v(12,7) = -0.207 + 0.00408 = -0.20292
v(12,8) = v(12,8) + DeltaV(12,8)
v(12,8) = -0.41126 + -0.00156 = -0.41282
v(12,9) = v(12,9) + DeltaV(12,9)
v(12,9) = 0.33712 + 0.00432 = 0.34144
v(12,10) = v(12,10) + DeltaV(12,10)
v(12,10) = -0.05404 + -0.00044 = -0.05448
v(13,1) = v(13,1) + DeltaV(13,1)
v(13,1) = 0.03226 + 0.00352 = 0.03578
v(13,2) = v(13,2) + DeltaV(13,2)
v(13,2) = 0.40644 + 0.00448 = 0.41092
v(13,3) = v(13,3) + DeltaV(13,3)
v(13,3) = -5.35999999999999E-03 + 0.0021 = -3.25999999999999E-03
v(13,4) = v(13,4) + DeltaV(13,4)
v(13,4) = 0.01834 + 0.00114 = 0.01948
v(13,5) = v(13,5) + DeltaV(13,5)
v(13,5) = 0.31596 + -0.00128 = 0.31468
v(13,6) = v(13,6) + DeltaV(13,6)
v(13,6) = 0.20854 + -0.00046 = 0.20808
v(13,7) = v(13,7) + DeltaV(13,7)
v(13,7) = -0.05478 + 0.00408 = -0.0507
v(13,8) = v(13,8) + DeltaV(13,8)
v(13,8) = 0.16852 + -0.00156 = 0.16696
v(13,9) = v(13,9) + DeltaV(13,9)
v(13,9) = -0.37398 + 0.00432 = -0.36966
v(13,10) = v(13,10) + DeltaV(13,10)
v(13,10) = -0.36432 + -0.00044 = -0.36476
v(14,1) = v(14,1) + DeltaV(14,1)
v(14,1) = 0.21084 + 0.00352 = 0.21436
v(14,2) = v(14,2) + DeltaV(14,2)
v(14,2) = 0.37714 + 0.00448 = 0.38162
v(14,3) = v(14,3) + DeltaV(14,3)
v(14,3) = -0.39194 + 0.0021 = -0.38984
v(14,4) = v(14,4) + DeltaV(14,4)
v(14,4) = 0.12768 + 0.00114 = 0.12882
v(14,5) = v(14,5) + DeltaV(14,5)
v(14,5) = 0.48338 + -0.00128 = 0.4821
v(14,6) = v(14,6) + DeltaV(14,6)
v(14,6) = 0.08628 + -0.00046 = 0.08582
v(14,7) = v(14,7) + DeltaV(14,7)
v(14,7) = -0.3952 + 0.00408 = -0.39112
v(14,8) = v(14,8) + DeltaV(14,8)
v(14,8) = -0.11216 + -0.00156 = -0.11372
v(14,9) = v(14,9) + DeltaV(14,9)
v(14,9) = 0.43992 + 0.00432 = 0.44424
v(14,10) = v(14,10) + DeltaV(14,10)
v(14,10) = -0.09674 + -0.00044 = -0.09718
v(15,1) = v(15,1) + DeltaV(15,1)
v(15,1) = 0.16046 + 0.00352 = 0.16398
v(15,2) = v(15,2) + DeltaV(15,2)
v(15,2) = 0.02194 + 0.00448 = 0.02642
v(15,3) = v(15,3) + DeltaV(15,3)
v(15,3) = 0.41384 + 0.0021 = 0.41594
v(15,4) = v(15,4) + DeltaV(15,4)
v(15,4) = 0.02644 + 0.00114 = 0.02758
v(15,5) = v(15,5) + DeltaV(15,5)
v(15,5) = 0.49496 + -0.00128 = 0.49368
v(15,6) = v(15,6) + DeltaV(15,6)
v(15,6) = 0.14044 + -0.00046 = 0.13998
v(15,7) = v(15,7) + DeltaV(15,7)
v(15,7) = 0.41522 + 0.00408 = 0.4193
v(15,8) = v(15,8) + DeltaV(15,8)
B-46
v(15,8) = 0.49302 +
v(15,9) = v(15,9) +
v(15,9) = 0.38692 +
v(15,10) = v(15,10)
v(15,10) = -0.38172
-0.00156 = 0.49146
DeltaV(15,9)
0.00432 = 0.39124
+ DeltaV(15,10)
+ -0.00044 = -0.38216
B. Dengan mengambil nilai bobot w dan v pada contoh proses pelatihan sebelumnya, maka
proses pengenalan dengan mengikuti tahap feedforward (hal.108)
Pola Input
X = 001001011101111
z_in(1) = V(0,1) + (X(1) * V(1,1)) + (X(2) * V(2,1)) + (X(3) * V(3,1)) + (X(4) *
V(4,1)) + (X(5) * V(5,1)) + (X(6) * V(6,1)) + (X(7) * V(7,1)) + (X(8) * V(8,1)) +
(X(9) * V(9,1)) + (X(10) * V(10,1)) + (X(11) * V(11,1)) + (X(12) * V(12,1)) + (X(13) *
V(13,1)) + (X(14) * V(14,1)) + (X(15) * V(15,1))
z_in(1) = -0.3295 + (0 * 0.282) + (0 * -0.23038) + (1 * 0.08216) + (0 * 0.18882) + (0
* -0.1453) + (1 * -0.30202) + (0 * -0.02078) + (1 * 0.48438) + (1 * 0.46298) + (1 *
0.32526) + (0 * -0.08088) + (1 * -0.25554) + (1 * 0.03578) + (1 * 0.21436) + (1 *
0.16398)
z_in(1) = -0.3295 + 1.2113 = 0.8818
z(1) = f(z_in(1)) = 0.7072
z_in(2) = V(0,2) + (X(1) * V(1,2)) + (X(2) * V(2,2)) + (X(3) * V(3,2)) + (X(4)
V(4,2)) + (X(5) * V(5,2)) + (X(6) * V(6,2)) + (X(7) * V(7,2)) + (X(8) * V(8,2))
(X(9) * V(9,2)) + (X(10) * V(10,2)) + (X(11) * V(11,2)) + (X(12) * V(12,2)) + (X(13)
V(13,2)) + (X(14) * V(14,2)) + (X(15) * V(15,2))
z_in(2) = -0.4123 + (0 * 0.019) + (0 * -0.4818) + (1 * 0.30942) + (0 * -0.4737) + (0
-0.4337) + (1 * 0.15862) + (0 * 0.1551) + (1 * -0.20048) + (1 * -0.13638) + (1 *
0.21648) + (0 * 0.0696) + (1 * 0.05712) + (1 * 0.41092) + (1 * 0.38162) + (1
0.02642)
z_in(2) = -0.4123 + 0.7908 = 0.3785
z(2) = f(z_in(2)) = 0.5935
*
+
*
*
*
*
+
*
+
*
*
B-47
z_in(5) = -0.423 + (0 * 0.2138) + (0 * -0.23652) + (1 * 0.0081) + (0 * 0.23348) + (0 *
0.1538) + (1 * 0.00228) + (0 * -0.36872) + (1 * 0.10508) + (1 * 0.10908) + (1 *
0.2258) + (0 * 0.20398) + (1 * -0.0387) + (1 * 0.31468) + (1 * 0.4821) + (1 * 0.49368)
z_in(5) = -0.423 + 1.7021 = 1.2791
z(5) = f(z_in(5)) = 0.7823
z_in(6) = V(0,6) + (X(1) * V(1,6)) + (X(2) * V(2,6)) + (X(3) * V(3,6)) + (X(4) *
V(4,6)) + (X(5) * V(5,6)) + (X(6) * V(6,6)) + (X(7) * V(7,6)) + (X(8) * V(8,6)) +
(X(9) * V(9,6)) + (X(10) * V(10,6)) + (X(11) * V(11,6)) + (X(12) * V(12,6)) + (X(13) *
V(13,6)) + (X(14) * V(14,6)) + (X(15) * V(15,6))
z_in(6) = 0.3995 + (0 * 0.4889) + (0 * -0.33684) + (1 * 0.03902) + (0 * -0.01234) + (0
* 0.4035) + (1 * -0.38602) + (0 * 0.32546) + (1 * -0.42872) + (1 * 0.29348) + (1 * 0.14518) + (0 * -0.39284) + (1 * 0.44492) + (1 * 0.20808) + (1 * 0.08582) + (1 *
0.13998)
z_in(6) = 0.3995 + 0.2514 = 0.6509
z(6) = f(z_in(6)) = 0.6572
z_in(7) = V(0,7) + (X(1) * V(1,7)) + (X(2) * V(2,7)) + (X(3) * V(3,7)) + (X(4) *
V(4,7)) + (X(5) * V(5,7)) + (X(6) * V(6,7)) + (X(7) * V(7,7)) + (X(8) * V(8,7)) +
(X(9) * V(9,7)) + (X(10) * V(10,7)) + (X(11) * V(11,7)) + (X(12) * V(12,7)) + (X(13) *
V(13,7)) + (X(14) * V(14,7)) + (X(15) * V(15,7))
z_in(7) = -0.3335 + (0 * 0.1324) + (0 * 0.11372) + (1 * 0.28038) + (0 * -0.39098) + (0
* 0.3888) + (1 * -0.2684) + (0 * -0.13868) + (1 * -0.1402) + (1 * -0.3071) + (1 *
0.30168) + (0 * -0.24948) + (1 * -0.20292) + (1 * -0.0507) + (1 * -0.39112) + (1 *
0.4193)
z_in(7) = -0.3335 + -0.3591 = -0.6926
z(7) = f(z_in(7)) = 0.3335
*
+
*
+
*
*
B-48
y_in(1) = w(0,1) + (z(1) * w(1,1)) + (z(2) * w(2,1)) + (z(3)
w(4,1)) + (z(5) * w(5,1)) + (z(6) * w(6,1)) + (z(7) * w(7,1))
(z(9) * w(9,1)) + (z(10) * w(10,1))
y_in(1) = -0.0385 + (0.7072 * -0.5515) + (0.5935 * -0.5427) +
(0.4835 * 0.0184) + (0.7823 * -0.1031) + (0.6572 * -0.1198) +
(0.6135 * -0.5107) + (0.5547 * 0.1311) + (0.1939 * 0.1792)
y_in(1) = -0.0385 + -1.3319 = -1.3704
y(1) = f(y_in(1)) = 0.2026
* w(3,1)) + (z(4) *
+ (z(8) * w(8,1)) +
(0.7231 * -0.3516) +
(0.3335 * -0.0276) +
*
+
*
+
=
=
=
=
0.2026 <
0.3185 <
0.629 >=
0.4578 <
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
-->
-->
-->
-->
dibulatkan
dibulatkan
dibulatkan
dibulatkan
menjadi
menjadi
menjadi
menjadi
+
+
* w(3,4)) + (z(4) *
+ (z(8) * w(8,4)) +
(0.7231 * 0.1583) +
(0.3335 * -0.3683) +
0
0
1
0
Hasil = 0010
Tanda Tangan dengan layer output 0010 adalah pola TTD-2
C. Dengan menggunakan pola yang sama seperti terlihat pada gambar 4.11, maka langkahlangkah proses pelatihan metode Perceptron (hal.113)
--------------------ITERASI ke - 1
--------------------* Data ke - 1
X = 010101111010101
T = 0001
Y(1) = (X(1) * w(1,1)) + (X(2) * w(1,2)) + (X(3) * w(1,3)) + (X(4) *
B-49
w(1,4)) + (X(5) * w(1,5)) + (X(6) * w(1,6)) + (X(7) * w(1,7)) + (X(8) *
w(1,8)) + (X(9) * w(1,9)) + (X(10) * w(1,10)) + (X(11) * w(1,11)) +
(X(12) * w(1,12)) + (X(13) * w(1,13)) + (X(14) * w(1,14)) + (X(15) *
w(1,15)) + 0
Y(1) = (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 *
0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0)
+ (1 * 0) + 0
Y(1) = 0
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(1) >= 0, sehingga Y(1) = 1
Y(1) tidak sama dengan nilai T(1), sehingga lakukan update bobot:
w(1,1) = w(1,1) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(1))
w(1,1) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(1,2) = w(1,2) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(2))
w(1,2) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,3) = w(1,3) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(3))
w(1,3) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(1,4) = w(1,4) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(4))
w(1,4) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,5) = w(1,5) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(5))
w(1,5) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(1,6) = w(1,6) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(6))
w(1,6) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,7) = w(1,7) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(7))
w(1,7) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,8) = w(1,8) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(8))
w(1,8) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,9) = w(1,9) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(9))
w(1,9) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,10) = w(1,10) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(10))
w(1,10) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(1,11) = w(1,11) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(11))
w(1,11) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,12) = w(1,12) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(12))
w(1,12) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(1,13) = w(1,13) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(13))
w(1,13) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(1,14) = w(1,14) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(14))
w(1,14) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(1,15) = w(1,15) + (Alpha * (T(1) - Y(1)) * X(15))
w(1,15) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
Y(2) = (X(1) * w(2,1)) + (X(2) * w(2,2)) + (X(3) * w(2,3)) + (X(4) *
w(2,4)) + (X(5) * w(2,5)) + (X(6) * w(2,6)) + (X(7) * w(2,7)) + (X(8) *
w(2,8)) + (X(9) * w(2,9)) + (X(10) * w(2,10)) + (X(11) * w(2,11)) +
(X(12) * w(2,12)) + (X(13) * w(2,13)) + (X(14) * w(2,14)) + (X(15) *
w(2,15)) + 0
Y(2) = (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 *
0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0)
+ (1 * 0) + 0
Y(2) = 0
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(2) >= 0, sehingga Y(2) = 1
Y(2) tidak sama dengan nilai T(2),
w(2,1) = w(2,1) + (Alpha * (T(2) w(2,1) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) =
w(2,2) = w(2,2) + (Alpha * (T(2) w(2,2) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) =
w(2,3) = w(2,3) + (Alpha * (T(2) w(2,3) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) =
w(2,4) = w(2,4) + (Alpha * (T(2) w(2,4) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) =
w(2,5) = w(2,5) + (Alpha * (T(2) -
B-50
w(2,5) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(2,6) = w(2,6) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2)) *
w(2,6) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(2,7) = w(2,7) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2)) *
w(2,7) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(2,8) = w(2,8) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2)) *
w(2,8) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(2,9) = w(2,9) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2)) *
w(2,9) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(2,10) = w(2,10) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2))
w(2,10) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(2,11) = w(2,11) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2))
w(2,11) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(2,12) = w(2,12) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2))
w(2,12) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(2,13) = w(2,13) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2))
w(2,13) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(2,14) = w(2,14) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2))
w(2,14) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(2,15) = w(2,15) + (Alpha * (T(2) - Y(2))
w(2,15) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
X(6))
X(7))
X(8))
X(9))
* X(10))
* X(11))
* X(12))
* X(13))
* X(14))
* X(15))
B-51
w(3,15) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
Y(4) = (X(1) * w(4,1)) + (X(2) * w(4,2)) + (X(3) * w(4,3)) + (X(4) *
w(4,4)) + (X(5) * w(4,5)) + (X(6) * w(4,6)) + (X(7) * w(4,7)) + (X(8) *
w(4,8)) + (X(9) * w(4,9)) + (X(10) * w(4,10)) + (X(11) * w(4,11)) +
(X(12) * w(4,12)) + (X(13) * w(4,13)) + (X(14) * w(4,14)) + (X(15) *
w(4,15)) + 0
Y(4) = (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 *
0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0)
+ (1 * 0) + 0
Y(4) = 0
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(4) >= 0, sehingga Y(4) = 1
Y(4) = nilai T(4), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
* Data ke - 2
X = 001001011101111
T = 0010
Y(1) = (X(1) * w(1,1)) + (X(2) * w(1,2)) + (X(3) * w(1,3)) + (X(4) *
w(1,4)) + (X(5) * w(1,5)) + (X(6) * w(1,6)) + (X(7) * w(1,7)) + (X(8) *
w(1,8)) + (X(9) * w(1,9)) + (X(10) * w(1,10)) + (X(11) * w(1,11)) +
(X(12) * w(1,12)) + (X(13) * w(1,13)) + (X(14) * w(1,14)) + (X(15) *
w(1,15)) + 0
Y(1) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(1) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(1) < 0, sehingga Y(1) = 0
Y(1) = nilai T(1), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(2) = (X(1) * w(2,1)) + (X(2) * w(2,2)) + (X(3) * w(2,3)) + (X(4) *
w(2,4)) + (X(5) * w(2,5)) + (X(6) * w(2,6)) + (X(7) * w(2,7)) + (X(8) *
w(2,8)) + (X(9) * w(2,9)) + (X(10) * w(2,10)) + (X(11) * w(2,11)) +
(X(12) * w(2,12)) + (X(13) * w(2,13)) + (X(14) * w(2,14)) + (X(15) *
w(2,15)) + 0
Y(2) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(2) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(2) < 0, sehingga Y(2) = 0
Y(2) = nilai T(2), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(3) = (X(1) * w(3,1)) + (X(2) * w(3,2)) + (X(3) * w(3,3)) + (X(4) *
w(3,4)) + (X(5) * w(3,5)) + (X(6) * w(3,6)) + (X(7) * w(3,7)) + (X(8) *
w(3,8)) + (X(9) * w(3,9)) + (X(10) * w(3,10)) + (X(11) * w(3,11)) +
(X(12) * w(3,12)) + (X(13) * w(3,13)) + (X(14) * w(3,14)) + (X(15) *
w(3,15)) + 0
Y(3) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(3) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(3) < 0, sehingga Y(3) = 0
Y(3) tidak sama dengan nilai T(3), sehingga lakukan update bobot:
w(3,1) = w(3,1) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(1))
w(3,1) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = 0
w(3,2) = w(3,2) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(2))
w(3,2) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(3,3) = w(3,3) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(3))
w(3,3) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
B-52
w(3,4) = w(3,4) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(4))
w(3,4) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(3,5) = w(3,5) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(5))
w(3,5) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = 0
w(3,6) = w(3,6) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(6))
w(3,6) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(3,7) = w(3,7) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(7))
w(3,7) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(3,8) = w(3,8) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(8))
w(3,8) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(3,9) = w(3,9) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(9))
w(3,9) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(3,10) = w(3,10) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(10))
w(3,10) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
w(3,11) = w(3,11) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(11))
w(3,11) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(3,12) = w(3,12) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(12))
w(3,12) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
w(3,13) = w(3,13) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(13))
w(3,13) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(3,14) = w(3,14) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(14))
w(3,14) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
w(3,15) = w(3,15) + (Alpha * (T(3) - Y(3)) * X(15))
w(3,15) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
Y(4) = (X(1) * w(4,1)) + (X(2) * w(4,2)) + (X(3) * w(4,3)) + (X(4) *
w(4,4)) + (X(5) * w(4,5)) + (X(6) * w(4,6)) + (X(7) * w(4,7)) + (X(8) *
w(4,8)) + (X(9) * w(4,9)) + (X(10) * w(4,10)) + (X(11) * w(4,11)) +
(X(12) * w(4,12)) + (X(13) * w(4,13)) + (X(14) * w(4,14)) + (X(15) *
w(4,15)) + 0
Y(4) = (0 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 *
0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0)
+ (1 * 0) + 0
Y(4) = 0
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(4) >= 0, sehingga Y(4) = 1
Y(4) tidak sama dengan nilai T(4), sehingga lakukan update bobot:
w(4,1) = w(4,1) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(1))
w(4,1) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(4,2) = w(4,2) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(2))
w(4,2) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(4,3) = w(4,3) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(3))
w(4,3) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(4,4) = w(4,4) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(4))
w(4,4) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(4,5) = w(4,5) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(5))
w(4,5) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(4,6) = w(4,6) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(6))
w(4,6) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(4,7) = w(4,7) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(7))
w(4,7) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(4,8) = w(4,8) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(8))
w(4,8) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(4,9) = w(4,9) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(9))
w(4,9) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(4,10) = w(4,10) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(10))
w(4,10) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(4,11) = w(4,11) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(11))
w(4,11) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 0) = 0
w(4,12) = w(4,12) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(12))
w(4,12) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
w(4,13) = w(4,13) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(13))
w(4,13) = 0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1) * 1) = -0.2
B-53
w(4,14)
w(4,14)
w(4,15)
w(4,15)
=
=
=
=
w(4,14) + (Alpha *
0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1)
w(4,15) + (Alpha *
0 + (0.2 * (0 - 1)
--------------------ITERASI ke - 2
--------------------* Data ke - 1
X = 010101111010101
T = 0001
Y(1) = (X(1) * w(1,1)) + (X(2) * w(1,2)) + (X(3) * w(1,3)) + (X(4) *
w(1,4)) + (X(5) * w(1,5)) + (X(6) * w(1,6)) + (X(7) * w(1,7)) + (X(8) *
w(1,8)) + (X(9) * w(1,9)) + (X(10) * w(1,10)) + (X(11) * w(1,11)) +
(X(12) * w(1,12)) + (X(13) * w(1,13)) + (X(14) * w(1,14)) + (X(15) *
w(1,15)) + 0
Y(1) = (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(1) = -1.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(1) < 0, sehingga Y(1) = 0
Y(1) = nilai T(1), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(2) = (X(1) * w(2,1)) + (X(2) * w(2,2)) + (X(3) * w(2,3)) + (X(4) *
w(2,4)) + (X(5) * w(2,5)) + (X(6) * w(2,6)) + (X(7) * w(2,7)) + (X(8) *
w(2,8)) + (X(9) * w(2,9)) + (X(10) * w(2,10)) + (X(11) * w(2,11)) +
(X(12) * w(2,12)) + (X(13) * w(2,13)) + (X(14) * w(2,14)) + (X(15) *
w(2,15)) + 0
Y(2) = (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(2) = -1.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(2) < 0, sehingga Y(2) = 0
Y(2) = nilai T(2), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(3) = (X(1) * w(3,1)) + (X(2) * w(3,2)) + (X(3) * w(3,3)) + (X(4) *
w(3,4)) + (X(5) * w(3,5)) + (X(6) * w(3,6)) + (X(7) * w(3,7)) + (X(8) *
w(3,8)) + (X(9) * w(3,9)) + (X(10) * w(3,10)) + (X(11) * w(3,11)) +
(X(12) * w(3,12)) + (X(13) * w(3,13)) + (X(14) * w(3,14)) + (X(15) *
w(3,15)) + 0
Y(3) = (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0)
+ (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) +
(1 * 0) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(3) = -0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(3) < 0, sehingga Y(3) = 0
Y(3) = nilai T(3), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(4) = (X(1) * w(4,1)) + (X(2) * w(4,2)) + (X(3) * w(4,3)) + (X(4)
w(4,4)) + (X(5) * w(4,5)) + (X(6) * w(4,6)) + (X(7) * w(4,7)) + (X(8)
w(4,8)) + (X(9) * w(4,9)) + (X(10) * w(4,10)) + (X(11) * w(4,11))
(X(12) * w(4,12)) + (X(13) * w(4,13)) + (X(14) * w(4,14)) + (X(15)
w(4,15)) + 0
Y(4) = (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
(1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2)
(1 * -0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(4) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(4) < 0, sehingga Y(4) = 0
*
*
+
*
+
+
B-54
Y(4) tidak sama dengan nilai T(4), sehingga lakukan update bobot:
w(4,1) = w(4,1) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(1))
w(4,1) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = 0
w(4,2) = w(4,2) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(2))
w(4,2) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
w(4,3) = w(4,3) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(3))
w(4,3) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(4,4) = w(4,4) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(4))
w(4,4) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
w(4,5) = w(4,5) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(5))
w(4,5) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = 0
w(4,6) = w(4,6) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(6))
w(4,6) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(4,7) = w(4,7) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(7))
w(4,7) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
w(4,8) = w(4,8) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(8))
w(4,8) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(4,9) = w(4,9) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(9))
w(4,9) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(4,10) = w(4,10) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(10))
w(4,10) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(4,11) = w(4,11) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(11))
w(4,11) = 0 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0.2
w(4,12) = w(4,12) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(12))
w(4,12) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(4,13) = w(4,13) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(13))
w(4,13) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
w(4,14) = w(4,14) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(14))
w(4,14) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 0) = -0.2
w(4,15) = w(4,15) + (Alpha * (T(4) - Y(4)) * X(15))
w(4,15) = -0.2 + (0.2 * (1 - 0) * 1) = 0
* Data ke - 2
X = 001001011101111
T = 0010
Y(1) = (X(1) * w(1,1)) + (X(2) * w(1,2)) + (X(3) * w(1,3)) + (X(4) *
w(1,4)) + (X(5) * w(1,5)) + (X(6) * w(1,6)) + (X(7) * w(1,7)) + (X(8) *
w(1,8)) + (X(9) * w(1,9)) + (X(10) * w(1,10)) + (X(11) * w(1,11)) +
(X(12) * w(1,12)) + (X(13) * w(1,13)) + (X(14) * w(1,14)) + (X(15) *
w(1,15)) + 0
Y(1) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(1) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(1) < 0, sehingga Y(1) = 0
Y(1) = nilai T(1), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(2) = (X(1) * w(2,1)) + (X(2) * w(2,2)) + (X(3) * w(2,3)) + (X(4) *
w(2,4)) + (X(5) * w(2,5)) + (X(6) * w(2,6)) + (X(7) * w(2,7)) + (X(8) *
w(2,8)) + (X(9) * w(2,9)) + (X(10) * w(2,10)) + (X(11) * w(2,11)) +
(X(12) * w(2,12)) + (X(13) * w(2,13)) + (X(14) * w(2,14)) + (X(15) *
w(2,15)) + 0
Y(2) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(2) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(2) < 0, sehingga Y(2) = 0
Y(2) = nilai T(2), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(3) = (X(1) * w(3,1)) + (X(2) * w(3,2)) + (X(3) * w(3,3)) + (X(4) *
B-55
w(3,4)) + (X(5) * w(3,5)) + (X(6) * w(3,6)) + (X(7) * w(3,7)) + (X(8) *
w(3,8)) + (X(9) * w(3,9)) + (X(10) * w(3,10)) + (X(11) * w(3,11)) +
(X(12) * w(3,12)) + (X(13) * w(3,13)) + (X(14) * w(3,14)) + (X(15) *
w(3,15)) + 0
Y(3) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) +
(1 * 0) + (1 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(3) = 0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(3) >= 0, sehingga Y(3) = 1
Y(3) = nilai T(3), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(4) = (X(1) * w(4,1)) + (X(2) * w(4,2)) + (X(3) * w(4,3)) + (X(4) *
w(4,4)) + (X(5) * w(4,5)) + (X(6) * w(4,6)) + (X(7) * w(4,7)) + (X(8) *
w(4,8)) + (X(9) * w(4,9)) + (X(10) * w(4,10)) + (X(11) * w(4,11)) +
(X(12) * w(4,12)) + (X(13) * w(4,13)) + (X(14) * w(4,14)) + (X(15) *
w(4,15)) + 0
Y(4) = (0 * 0) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) +
(0 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1
* 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(4) = -0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(4) < 0, sehingga Y(4) = 0
Y(4) = nilai T(4), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
--------------------ITERASI ke - 3
--------------------* Data ke - 1
X = 010101111010101
T = 0001
Y(1) = (X(1) * w(1,1)) + (X(2) * w(1,2)) + (X(3) * w(1,3)) + (X(4) *
w(1,4)) + (X(5) * w(1,5)) + (X(6) * w(1,6)) + (X(7) * w(1,7)) + (X(8) *
w(1,8)) + (X(9) * w(1,9)) + (X(10) * w(1,10)) + (X(11) * w(1,11)) +
(X(12) * w(1,12)) + (X(13) * w(1,13)) + (X(14) * w(1,14)) + (X(15) *
w(1,15)) + 0
Y(1) = (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(1) = -1.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(1) < 0, sehingga Y(1) = 0
Y(1) = nilai T(1), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(2) = (X(1) * w(2,1)) + (X(2) * w(2,2)) + (X(3) * w(2,3)) + (X(4) *
w(2,4)) + (X(5) * w(2,5)) + (X(6) * w(2,6)) + (X(7) * w(2,7)) + (X(8) *
w(2,8)) + (X(9) * w(2,9)) + (X(10) * w(2,10)) + (X(11) * w(2,11)) +
(X(12) * w(2,12)) + (X(13) * w(2,13)) + (X(14) * w(2,14)) + (X(15) *
w(2,15)) + 0
Y(2) = (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(2) = -1.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(2) < 0, sehingga Y(2) = 0
Y(2) = nilai T(2), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(3) = (X(1) * w(3,1)) + (X(2) * w(3,2)) + (X(3) * w(3,3)) + (X(4)
w(3,4)) + (X(5) * w(3,5)) + (X(6) * w(3,6)) + (X(7) * w(3,7)) + (X(8)
w(3,8)) + (X(9) * w(3,9)) + (X(10) * w(3,10)) + (X(11) * w(3,11))
(X(12) * w(3,12)) + (X(13) * w(3,13)) + (X(14) * w(3,14)) + (X(15)
*
*
+
*
B-56
w(3,15)) + 0
Y(3) = (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0)
+ (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) +
(1 * 0) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(3) = -0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(3) < 0, sehingga Y(3) = 0
Y(3) = nilai T(3), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(4) = (X(1) * w(4,1)) + (X(2) * w(4,2)) + (X(3) * w(4,3)) + (X(4) *
w(4,4)) + (X(5) * w(4,5)) + (X(6) * w(4,6)) + (X(7) * w(4,7)) + (X(8) *
w(4,8)) + (X(9) * w(4,9)) + (X(10) * w(4,10)) + (X(11) * w(4,11)) +
(X(12) * w(4,12)) + (X(13) * w(4,13)) + (X(14) * w(4,14)) + (X(15) *
w(4,15)) + 0
Y(4) = (0 * 0) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (1
* 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(4) = 0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(4) >= 0, sehingga Y(4) = 1
Y(4) = nilai T(4), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
* Data ke - 2
X = 001001011101111
T = 0010
Y(1) = (X(1) * w(1,1)) + (X(2) * w(1,2)) + (X(3) * w(1,3)) + (X(4) *
w(1,4)) + (X(5) * w(1,5)) + (X(6) * w(1,6)) + (X(7) * w(1,7)) + (X(8) *
w(1,8)) + (X(9) * w(1,9)) + (X(10) * w(1,10)) + (X(11) * w(1,11)) +
(X(12) * w(1,12)) + (X(13) * w(1,13)) + (X(14) * w(1,14)) + (X(15) *
w(1,15)) + 0
Y(1) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(1) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(1) < 0, sehingga Y(1) = 0
Y(1) = nilai T(1), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(2) = (X(1) * w(2,1)) + (X(2) * w(2,2)) + (X(3) * w(2,3)) + (X(4) *
w(2,4)) + (X(5) * w(2,5)) + (X(6) * w(2,6)) + (X(7) * w(2,7)) + (X(8) *
w(2,8)) + (X(9) * w(2,9)) + (X(10) * w(2,10)) + (X(11) * w(2,11)) +
(X(12) * w(2,12)) + (X(13) * w(2,13)) + (X(14) * w(2,14)) + (X(15) *
w(2,15)) + 0
Y(2) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(2) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(2) < 0, sehingga Y(2) = 0
Y(2) = nilai T(2), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(3) = (X(1) * w(3,1)) + (X(2) * w(3,2)) + (X(3) * w(3,3)) + (X(4) *
w(3,4)) + (X(5) * w(3,5)) + (X(6) * w(3,6)) + (X(7) * w(3,7)) + (X(8) *
w(3,8)) + (X(9) * w(3,9)) + (X(10) * w(3,10)) + (X(11) * w(3,11)) +
(X(12) * w(3,12)) + (X(13) * w(3,13)) + (X(14) * w(3,14)) + (X(15) *
w(3,15)) + 0
Y(3) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) +
(1 * 0) + (1 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(3) = 0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(3) >= 0, sehingga Y(3) = 1
B-57
Y(3) = nilai T(3), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
Y(4) = (X(1) * w(4,1)) + (X(2) * w(4,2)) + (X(3) * w(4,3)) + (X(4) *
w(4,4)) + (X(5) * w(4,5)) + (X(6) * w(4,6)) + (X(7) * w(4,7)) + (X(8) *
w(4,8)) + (X(9) * w(4,9)) + (X(10) * w(4,10)) + (X(11) * w(4,11)) +
(X(12) * w(4,12)) + (X(13) * w(4,13)) + (X(14) * w(4,14)) + (X(15) *
w(4,15)) + 0
Y(4) = (0 * 0) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) +
(0 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1
* 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(4) = -0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(4) < 0, sehingga Y(4) = 0
Y(4) = nilai T(4), tidak perlu melakukan update bobot.
D. Proses pengenalan pola pada gambar 4.12, maka langkah-langkah proses pengenalan
metode Perceptron hal(
X = 001001011101111
Y(1) = (X(1) * w(1,1)) + (X(2) * w(1,2)) + (X(3) * w(1,3)) + (X(4) *
w(1,4)) + (X(5) * w(1,5)) + (X(6) * w(1,6)) + (X(7) * w(1,7)) + (X(8) *
w(1,8)) + (X(9) * w(1,9)) + (X(10) * w(1,10)) + (X(11) * w(1,11)) +
(X(12) * w(1,12)) + (X(13) * w(1,13)) + (X(14) * w(1,14)) + (X(15) *
w(1,15)) + 0
Y(1) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(1) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(1) < 0, sehingga Y(1) = 0
Y(2) = (X(1) * w(2,1)) + (X(2) * w(2,2)) + (X(3) * w(2,3)) + (X(4) *
w(2,4)) + (X(5) * w(2,5)) + (X(6) * w(2,6)) + (X(7) * w(2,7)) + (X(8) *
w(2,8)) + (X(9) * w(2,9)) + (X(10) * w(2,10)) + (X(11) * w(2,11)) +
(X(12) * w(2,12)) + (X(13) * w(2,13)) + (X(14) * w(2,14)) + (X(15) *
w(2,15)) + 0
Y(2) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * -0.2)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) +
(1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + 0
Y(2) = -1
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(2) < 0, sehingga Y(2) = 0
Y(3) = (X(1) * w(3,1)) + (X(2) * w(3,2)) + (X(3) * w(3,3)) + (X(4) *
w(3,4)) + (X(5) * w(3,5)) + (X(6) * w(3,6)) + (X(7) * w(3,7)) + (X(8) *
w(3,8)) + (X(9) * w(3,9)) + (X(10) * w(3,10)) + (X(11) * w(3,11)) +
(X(12) * w(3,12)) + (X(13) * w(3,13)) + (X(14) * w(3,14)) + (X(15) *
w(3,15)) + 0
Y(3) = (0 * 0) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0)
+ (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0.2) + (0 * -0.2) + (1 * 0.2) +
(1 * 0) + (1 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(3) = 0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(3) >= 0, sehingga Y(3) = 1
Y(4) = (X(1) * w(4,1)) + (X(2) * w(4,2)) + (X(3) * w(4,3)) + (X(4)
w(4,4)) + (X(5) * w(4,5)) + (X(6) * w(4,6)) + (X(7) * w(4,7)) + (X(8)
w(4,8)) + (X(9) * w(4,9)) + (X(10) * w(4,10)) + (X(11) * w(4,11))
(X(12) * w(4,12)) + (X(13) * w(4,13)) + (X(14) * w(4,14)) + (X(15)
*
*
+
*
B-58
w(4,15)) + 0
Y(4) = (0 * 0) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (0 * 0) + (1 * 0) +
(0 * 0.2) + (1 * 0) + (1 * 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (0 * 0.2) + (1 * -0.2) + (1
* 0) + (1 * -0.2) + (1 * 0) + 0
Y(4) = -0.8
Fungsi hardlimit: Y(4) < 0, sehingga Y(4) = 0
Hasil = 0010
Tanda Tangan dengan layer output 0010 adalah pola TTD-2
A-1
LAMPIRAN A
HASIL PENGUJIAN APLIKASI
A.1
Fase Pelatihan
Pada fase pelatihan, sampel tanda tangan dimasukkan dan dilatih satu-per-
satu sehingga pola tanda tangan dapat dikenali pada fase pengenalan. Berikut
adalah 10 (sepuluh) buah sampel tanda tangan yang dilatih:
A-2
A.2
Data ke-
Perceptron
(detik)
Backpropagation
(detik)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3.014
3.015
3.015
3.016
3.047
3.062
3.063
3.078
3.078
3.109
26.204
35.625
43.765
52.672
61.641
70.687
79.313
88.14
96.891
105.672
Fase Pengenalan
Pada fase pengenalan, apabila sampel tanda tangan yang dimasukkan sama
dengan gambar sampel tanda tangan ketika dilatih, penulis mendapatkan hasil
keakuratan pengenalan sebesar 100%, atau dengan kata lain, semua pola dapat
dikenali dengan baik oleh metode Perceptron maupun Backpropagation.
Oleh karena itu, penulis mencoba membuat 10 (sepuluh) buah sampel
tanda tangan secara manual untuk menguji akurasi masing-masing metode.
Berikut adalah sampel tanda tangan yang akan dikenali:
A-3
A-4
Perceptron
Backpropagation
Dikenali Waktu (detik) Dikenali Waktu (detik)
Ya
0.047
Ya
0.360
Ya
0.047
Ya
0.343
Tidak
Ya
0.359
Ya
Ya
0.046
0.343
Ya
Ya
0.063
0.360
Ya
Ya
0.063
0.359
Ya
Ya
0.063
0.344
Ya
Ya
0.062
0.360
Ya
Ya
0.047
0.343
Ya
Ya
0.063
0.343