FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

01 / 2016

BBPP 1103

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

MATRICULATION NO:

890215595345001

IDENTITY CARD NO.

890215595345

TELEPHONE NO.

017-8761736

E-MAIL

muzakkir8993@oum.edu.my

LEARNING CENTRE

SHAH ALAM LEARNING CENTRE

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Table of contents
Pages
1.0

Introduction ...................................................................................................

2.0

Definition of Manager and Management.......................................................

3.0

Description of Management Theory..............................................................

4.0

Explanation on the Management Theory Practice.........................................

5.0

Discussion ..................................................................................................... 10

6.0

Conclusion ....................................................................................................

11

References.................................................................................................................

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1.0

Introduction

TRC Synergy Berhad was initially incorporated as a private limited company in Malaysia
under the Companies Act, 1965 on 11 December 1996 under the name TRC Synergy Sdn
Bhd. On 8th January 1997, the company changed its status from a private limited
company to a public company and assumed the name TRC Synergy Berhad (TRCS).
TRCS is principally an investment holding company while the principal activity of its
subsidiary companies are construction, manufacturing of construction materials and
property development. The TRCS group of companies employs over 450 personnel of
which more than 15% are in sub-professional and professional group. TRCS not only has
the ability to undertake common projects like roads and building construction, but also
specialized mega projects like airports, railway track works, stadium, hospitals and large
property development ventures. The companys motto As one with the nation sums up
the companys aspiration to progress in tandem with the nations vision. The construction
division is the main contributor to TRC Groups revenue and profit. The construction
activities are undertaken by TRC Synergy Berhads wholly owned subsidiary, Trans
Resources Corporation Sdn. Bhd. Trans Resources Corporation Sdn Bhd (TRC)
TRC was incorporated in May 1984 to fulfill the growing need for caliber contractors to
serve the countrys rapid economic expansion. With over more than 27 years of
experience in the construction industry, TRC has now established itself as one of the
reputable contractors in the country, capable of undertaking major construction projects
like roads, bridges, railway, airport facilities, hospital, prison complex, submarine base
and other infrastructure works. Its key achievements include the successful completion of
fast track design and build projects such as the National Hockey Stadium at Bukit Jalil,
the Labuan Airport, Westport Rail Link Projects, Prison Complex in Bentong Pahang,
Sepanggar Bay Submarine Base and Kuala Terengganu Runaway Extension projects.
Among TRCs current projects are the extension to the Kelana Jaya Line of the LRT
project, the Stations and Depot works to the Klang Valley MRT(KVMRT) packages and
the modernization of Brunei International Airport. The main board of director are 6
person. The picture below show the key person in developing TRC (Figure 2).

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Figure 1 Source by: http://trc.com.my/html/abt_directors.html

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2.0

Definition of Manager and Management

Manager is individual representative with direct

task implemented by
inside important

people or

person a

responsibility to

inside employee an

company

to ensure

ensure

organization.
all processes

that every
Manager is

run smoothly.

According to Prof Henry Mintzberg, manager not only mastermind, even it should play
other important role for example role as figurehead, leader, liaison officer, spokesperson,
consultant and also idea trigger. Manager with role as figurehead which it needed to carry
out ceremonial task namely commit oneself in any programed carried out to give
support to down

line which

carried

that manager need wise in

This show

providing motivation and

line to bear his role as leader.

channel to interact with

out the programed.

spirit to down

Besides that, manager also

external

parties to convey

is as communication

information that

is relevant.

For example, operations manager require latest information from each supervisor to
help general

manager to

get anything tender

that

is new.

Here manager

said carry his role as spokesperson. Negotiation to resolveanything problem need to be

implemented by manager to ensure all processes run smoothly. Most manager time
spent in

discussion. Additional

as idea trigger. Manager that

role should

is excellent is a

have

person

who

in

manager is

can inculcate

three

(3) processes that can bring his employee towards achieving change initiative. Among
his process is entrepreneurship, capacity development and reform process. Rebounding to
management, management is monitoring

process and coordinate

source amply and effective with organizational goal. There are several function that is
good for

management that

is excellent among

them is planning,

organizing,

control and leadership. Planning in management is very important to set of objectives

that must be reached and what needs to be done to attainment of the objective. For
example, every organization have the foundation and mission that has been made which
it agreed

by upper

management. Policy and

this mission is main

objective every

organization. For the function, manager play an important role to develop objective in
accordance with entire organization strategy. Apart from that, organizing need to be
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related with task determination, who needed to carry out task, how the task categorized,
to

who need

to

be

reported and

implementing this management

where

function, manager need

decision should
to

lay

make. In

out information,

source and work flow that are logical and effective so that management that are being
carried out as positive towards any change in business environment. For example, every
organization had appointed people who have the respective skills not to all work carried
out by

people that

is same.

Very

important leadership

function in

conducting

management that is good and effective. This is because leadership involve subordinate
motivation which

it involves

way handle conflict and guide

communication
to

channel selection that

attain organization

is effective,
objectives. We

can see here, conflict in organizational can destroy effectiveness of the management
system that has

been

made. Conflict between

subordinate and manager will

cause severity of an organization in conducting business. Various ways can be done

by manager to avoid occurrence of conflict in organizational. Meanwhile, management
function that is last is control. For the function, control on the other hand definable as one
of the ways measure performance in all objectives that had set. Control is a function that
is important in

management process because

it

preparing method or way to

ensure organization moving towards objective achievement well.

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3.0

Description of Management Theory

From the beginning 19th century until 20th century, manager and scholar had established
a theoretical
practice. Their

work framework to explain what

effort had

are different classical,

brought

to

they

feeling as

five management

good management
perspective class that

humanity, quantitative, system and contemporary.

Every

perspective is basing on a few objective difference with assumption organization and

human behavior. Figure 2 will help us to understand the chronological sequence of the
perspectives.

Figure 2 Source by BBPP1103 module 1

3.1

Classical Perspective

This perspective introduced in century 19 and early 20. It focuses to solutions search to
form organization that is more efficient. For the theory, it divided to three management
small

class namely scientific

management, bureaucratic and administrative. Scientific

management exist during business group consider productivity has been critical. This
management focus is to worker's competency increase. There are several researcher
that contribute toward scientific management among them Fredick Winslow Taylor,
Frank and Gilbert Lilian and Henry Gantt. Fredick thinks most of the problems arise is
caused by worker problem. Due to this, he had identified five principles to improving
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production

efficiency.

Among

principle identified is scientific

approach usage in

deciding best practice and not depend on rule of thumb, employee selection that
is suitable in performing specific duty, train and enhance levels of staff, provide financial
incentives to
ensure workerimplementing duty with rightly and task of planning and organization place
d to manager. Henry Gantt also very helpful Fredick in this research which he introduce
Gantt chart

method. To

date,

Gantt chart

used by

all organizations to facilitate

administration process. Bureaucratic management on the other hand based on to

guideline, hierarchy, division
management have important
position in an

of

labor and also

component among

rule and

procedure. Bureaucratic

them authority

and

responsibility,

organisation, promotion, record action and decision, isolation and

management, workers manual line that is equal. Administrative management on the other
hand focus

on organization as

whole.

Henry Fayol introduced 14 management

principle in accordance with administrative management. Principle introduced is division

of

labor, authority, discipline, unity

of

command, union direction, public

interest overcome personal interest, compensation, centralization, scale chain, orderly,

equity, stability in

terms of work duration, initiative

this, classical perspective is

very important to raise

and

espirit

de corps. Due

to

up

productivity and gain solid

support from employee.

3.2

Human Perspective

This perspective eminent

founder is Mary Parker

perspective involve approach and give

Follet

and Chester Barnard.

emphasis towards

This

the importance of human's

behavior understanding, worker's needs, employee attitude and working environment.

This approach more

to humanity. Among

resource view and behavior

them human

relationship,

science approach. Conclusion that

can make

human
by

Hawthorne shows that employee productivity rising because get treatment that is
special from management. With way of giving pressure to could not give employee a
person's productivity increase. Human resource approach on the other hand explain
that employee productivity will increase when satisfaction in terms of basic need filled.
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Social approach on the other hand seen from way of understanding employee action
and interaction in a company. This approach could be seen in most companies which
require employee that is skilled in respective fields. Most companies servicing that
special to staff which at the same time pressure that not too high given to staff.
3.3

Quantitative Management Perspective

The quantitative management approach used in war. There is three concepts in this
approach. First concept is science management.

This management most

concern

issues that are recurring. Other word meaning, issue has happened at last time often
happen again.

Most

this technique

used by firm that

is large. Second

concept is

operations manager. For the concept, most operations involves production of products
and services like factory and Telco Company. Production of products and services that
is best should issue to give advantage to respective companies. Products and services that
are best will

become current

this concept among

consumer choice. There

them is prediction

are several method

used in

method, inventory modernization, linear

programming and tabulation round theory. Third concept on

the

other

hand is

management information system. System will be devised to provide information that is

relevant to manager. Computer system used for this collection of information to help
the management made a decision.
3.4

Contemporary Perspective

Contemporary approach involve approach that is modern. In this approach provision,

system theory and contingency theory used. System theory involve 5 key component
namely

input, transformation

process, production, feedback and environment. Idea for

system theory can affect management mind setting. This because it encompasses
system that is open, closed, entropy, synergy and system sub. Contingency theory on the
other

hand learned

the approach, manager

by management through problem suggested in case

action depends

on

several contingency which

study.

For

occurred in

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organizational. This theory just like quantitative management perspective because it refer
back to problems that had happened previously.
4.0

Explanation on the Management Theory Practice

Referring

to organization chosen,

TRC company adopted classical perspective theory

because this perspective have three (3) management class used wear in this company.
Overall management practiced in company resemble classical theory. For example
scientific management class. Because TRC Company is company which carried out
building process, so productivity is one of the main objective for the organization.
Worker's competency is important for the organization in conducting construction. Every
division need employee competence that is skilled in that section. Therefore, employee
selection that

is suitable to carrying

important to performing specific

enhance worker's

out construction

duty. Apart

from

works is

that, company also

job level by sending worker to received

trained and

training that rightly to

increase and enhance skill. For training to staff, every compulsory employee to had
training at least 8 hours in one year. Apart from that too, company provide financial
incentives to staff within each year. Incentive given is to give encouragement and spirit to
staff to perform tasks with rightly. Incentive that more given to staff which showed very
good performance.
the management.
building work. At

Task of planning and organization also

For example,
the

management will

same

been

choose a

time, Gantt

given to

worker before start

chart also

many used

by inside company to carry and building process tracking. TRC also uses bureaucratic
management for example guideline and

procedure made

prior

to

carrying

out construction project to put it as fad and to ease all processes run smoothly. When
first day I are working with TRC Company, company have explained on procedure
and guideline that equal to worker who has worked long in the firm. Guideline and
procedure made not only to facilitate work process but it also used by as guide
to staff to facilitate employee refer

to achieve

the

objective

prescribed by

organization. Apart from that, TRC practice a lot bureaucratic management to look after
their

employee welfare.

For example, promotion. Employee which

show excellent
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performance and potential has possibility will

be

given promotion.

Record action and decision also executed by TRC. This prove with the existence of
procedure that had been made by company to be conducted parallel to the concept. For
example other,

TRC recognized

as company with

management system certificate

namely ISO which recognized by SIRIM. Here it shows that more systematic TRC
Company in record action and decision.

TRC also

practices administrative

management. Administrative officer appointed to every project to carry all administrative

work in terms of employee delivery to training programmed and so on.
5.0

Discussion

For management theory that has been learned, classical perspective theory is theory that
is best from all four theories that was stated. This is because, classical theory is more
comprehensive compared to other management theory. The classical theory involve
management from upper management to subordinate. This theory is very good and used
by to

TRC company because

this company involve productivity production.

This theory linked to employee which employee is main pillar a company. Unmanned,
company could not carry and produce productivity and huge amount of bargains. This is
because this theory more look

after main

cause namely employee to produce better

product. Apart from that too, this theory also involves document management that is
good,

for example record action and whatever

decision made.

For example, every

minutes of meeting will be recorded to do not have misunderstanding. Preparation of

guidelines and procedure also

played important

role in a

company.

Guideline made and agreed by upper management. Then will becoming guide to all of the
employees. Due to this, this theory is theory that is best for the TRC Company. Other
theory not complete compared to classical perspective theory. Even though it older but
this theory much used by most companies in Malaysia. Apart from that, this theory not
only can be recycled for the company which produce products only in fact it could be
used at any company because it more specific. At the same time, company also can
take this theory as reference.

Therefore, company can

increase well

in terms of

management system. By using this theory, company more inclined towards objective
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achievement effectively. Therefore,

the classical

theory full

support by company

nowadays.

6.0

Conclusion

Manager is a very important person in conducting good management system. There is

four (4) management

theory start from

century 19

to century 20 among

them is

classical, humanity, quantitative and contemporary. Due to this, TRC company which
carried out very effective construction sector in conducting classical type management
system in managing organization in accordance with company objective that has been
made. Very effective classical and good theory because it more specific compared to
other theory even though it longer compared to other theory. Different theory also can be
recycled to increase good management system that is existing.

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ATTACHMENT

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Wren, D. A. (2005.) The history of management thought, (5th edition). Hoboken, N.J.:
John Wiley.
Cole, G. A... London: Thomson Learning, 2004. Management theory and practice.
Mizik, Natalie. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR). Aug2010, Vol. 47 Issue 4.

2649 numbers of word.

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