Secretion process,

exocytosis and
endocytosis

Overview of the
secretory and
endocytic pathways
of Protein sorting

 Protein

and lipid that will exit the

golgi are passed into TGN (trans golgi
network), where they are sorted into
different transport vesicles destined
for the
lysosomes,
plasma membrane or
secretion.

 After

they reach TGN and contain no

signal for the Golgi or targeting
signals for either lysosomes or
regulated secretion, vesicles bud off
from the TGN. These secretory vesicle
with nonclathrin coat, continously bud
from TGN and fuse with plasma
membrane, releasing their content by
exocytosis. Because the process is
continuous (requiring no signal) it is
called constitutive secretion or
exocytosis.

After budding from the trans-Golgi network:

Type

I vesicle immediately moves to and

fuses with the plasma membrane, releasing
its contents by exocytosis. Examples:
collagen by fibroblast, serum proteins by
hepatocytes, and antibodies by activated B
lymphocytes.

Type

2 secretory vesicles, stored inside

the cell until a signal for exocytosis. Ex.

peptide hormones (e.g. insulin, glucagon, ACTH)

from various endocrine cells, precursor of digestive
enzymes from pancreatic acinar cells, milk proteins
from mammary gland and neurotransmitters from
neurons.

Endosomes take up soluble

macromolecules from the cell
transport proteins in exterior
the

plasma membrane mediate

the movement of ions and
small molecules across the
lipid bilayer,
protein and other soluble
macromolecules in the
extracellular milieu are
internalized by endocytosis,

Contto early endosome, a sorting station of

membrane-limited tubules and vesicles. From
this compartment, some membrane proteins
are recycled back to the plasma membrane;
other membrane proteins are transported to a
late endosome where further sorting take
place.
The endocytic pathway ends when a late
endosome delivers its membrane and internal
contents to lysosomes for degradation. (see
prev figure)
delivered

pinocytosis
All

eukaryotic cells continually engage in

endocytosis. In one form of endocytosis,
called pinocytosis. Small droplets of
extracellular fluid and any material
dissolved in it are nonspecifically taken up.