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JO} JAN OM ur opeur ame suonsaSns Aorepuruand the Div. location. + Ample ventilation must be pro- vided forthe continuous removal of flammable gases or vapors. + Vent openings or ducts must lead toasafe location outside the building. * Vent ducts and openings must be of sufficient area to relieve explosion pressures within the vault, and all por- tions of vent ducts within the build- ings must be of reinforced concrete construction. Additional details of construction ofthe vault are included in referenced sections of NEC Article 450, Location. Wherever practical, vaults must be located where they can be ventilated to the outside air with- oat using flues of ducts. ‘Walls and roof of vaults must be constructed of materials that have ad- ‘equate structural strength for the con- ditions, and have a minimum fire rat- ing of 3 hrs. Floors of vaults in contact with the earth must be of concrete not less than 4in. thick, bat when the vault is con- structed with w vacant space or other Hories below it, the floor must have adequate structural strength forthe load imposed on it, and the floor must have minimum fice resistance of 3 hrs. Six- inch thick reinforced conerete is cited astypically having a 3-hr fire rating. Fire_protection. Where the trans- former is protected with automatic sprinklers, water spray, carbon diox- ide, or halon, the 3-hr ratings can be reduced to a I-hr rating. The latest issues of ANSVASTM E119, and NFPA 251 are cited as reference sources for more detail. oorways leading into the vault from the building interior must be pro- vided with a tight-fitting door having 4 minimum fine rating of 3 hrs. A similar rating may be required for a door for an exterior wall opening if conditions warrant. A I-hr rating is adequate if the transformers are pro- tected with automatic sprinklers, wa- ter spray, ete A door sill or curb of sufficient height (in nocase less than 4-in,) must be provided to confine within the vault the ol from the langest transformer. The entrance doors must be if opens indoor mast ave 1-72 hour automatic sing fe damgers [Opening canbe one or mre q once va Opening requirement ‘an be approx ‘des betwen | rear oranda ‘oot or sieval ee [Opening as ar aay 2 possi rom doors and windows s00Kva vranstormer Fig. 5.8. Ventilation requirements for a transformer vault. equipped with locks, the doors kept locked, and the locks and latches so arranged thatthe door can be readily and quickly opened from the inside. ‘Access must only be allowed to quali fied persons. NFPA 80 is cited as the source of additional information. Yentilation. As shown in Fig, 5.8, veatilation openings must be located as far away as possible from doors, windows, fire escapes, and combus- tible material. The openings must be covered with durable grating, screens, ‘or louvers, according tothe treatment required inorder to avoid unsafe con- ditions. Ventilating ducts must be con- structed of fire-resistant material. All ventilation openings to the i doors must be provided with auto- ‘matic closing fire dampers that oper- ated in response to a vault fire. Such dampers must possess a standard fire rating of not less than 1'/2-hrs. ‘The latest issue or ANSVUL 55S is referenced for more information on fire dampers. ‘A vault ventilated by natural cireu- lation of air is permitted to have roughly half ofthe total area of open- ings required for ventilation in one or ‘more openings near the floor, with the remainder in one or more openings in the roof or in the sidewalls near the roof; oral of the area required in one ‘or more opening in or near the roof. ‘The combined net area of all venti- lating openings, after deducting the area occupied by screens, gratings, oF louvers, must not be less than 3 sq in per kVA of transformer capacity in service, and in no case must the net area be less than Iq ft for any capac- ity under 50 kVA, rains. Where possible, vaults con- taining more than 100 kVA trans- former capacity mustbe provided with 1 drain or other means that will carry off accumulations of oil or water in the vault, The floor must be pitched to the drain, ‘Pipe or duct. Any pipe or duct sys- tem foreign to the electrical instala- Mn must not enter or pass through a ‘ransformer vault. Piping or other fa- cilities provided for vault fire protec- tion, or for transformer cooling, is not considered to be foreign to the electri- cal installation ‘Storage. 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Thus, the rules for instal- lation of wiring methods, seals, and others cortained in this chapter must also be rigorously applied to the whole system, (Class J, Div. 2. As noted in Chapter 4, under certain circumstances, gen- eral-purpose enclosures are permitted foritems having make-and-break con- tacts, Care must be exercised to as- sure the items contained merit this versus an explosionproof enclosure One of the specific requirements fora Div. 2 location is that where an assembly is made up of components for which general-purpose enclosures ae acceptable, the maximum obtain- able surface temperature of any com- ponent of the assembly must be per- ‘manent indicated on the outside of the enclosure, Alternatively, it can be marked to indicate the temperature range of which itis suitable (using the identification numbers). This require- ment for enclosure marking holds true whether itis a factory produced as- sembly or one that is constructed at the jobsite Provisions are sometimes made at the construction ste for quick replace- iment of individual instruments (lim- ited to those involving a curret. not exceeding 3A at 120V), This usually involves connecting a flexible cord to the instrument and the installation of a plug and receptacle. There are specific rules that cover such an installation, + The power-supply cord cannot exceed 3 fi, must be approved for cextra-hard usage (orhard usage if pro- tected by location), and be supplied through a locking and grounding at- tachment plug and receptacle. * A witch mustbe provided ahead of the receptacle so that the attach- ment plug is not depended upon to interrupt current. The switch must be inan enclosure approved for a Class I, Div. 1 location, unless the current interrupting contacts are: immersed in oil; hermetically sealed; or in nonincendive circuits. + Only immediately necessary re- ceptacles must be provided. In other words, no receptacles are to be ‘mounted in anticipation that an in- strument will be located there in the future. + The receptacle must carry a label warning against unplugging under load, INSTALLING SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS INA CLASS | LOCATION ‘The equipment covered by this sec- tion ofthe NEC includes all apparatus and equipment for signaling, alarm, remote-control, and communication systems regardless of voltage. Class I, Div. 1. All such apparatus ‘must be approved for Class I, Div. | locations, and the wiring methods employed must be similar to that re- quired for power circuits installed in the area. Class I, Di. 2. The rules for instal- lation of this equipment are basically similar to those for other wiring in these locations as described in previ- ously in this chapter. Lightning protective devices and fuses must be in an enclosure, which can be a general-purpose type. INSTALLING GROUNDING IN A CLASS I LOCATION Wiring and equipment in Class I locations must be grounded as required by Article 250. For specific ground- ing requirements contained there, see EC&M's book entitled, Understand- ing NE Code Rules on Grounding & Bonding. Class 1, Div. land Div. 2. Because ofthe importance of preventing igni- tion ofthe gas ot vapor involved, ad- ditional requirements that must be met are spelled out here ‘Bonding. In hazardous locations is mandated that bonding jumpers proper fittings, or other approved means of bonding, be used, Double Jocknuts and locknut-and-bushing combinations are not permitted to be depended upon for this purpose. ‘The general rule for proper bond- ing is that it must be applied to all raceways, fittings, boxes, enclosures, and other items in the run between the Class I location and the point of grounding of the service equipment or of a separately derived system. ‘The specific bonding means is only required tothe point of grounding of a building disconnecting means, pro- vided branch-circuit protection is lo- cated on the load side of the discon- necting means. The point of grounding refers tothe location of a main bond ing jumper that connects the equip- ment grounding conductor to the {grounded circult conductor as shown in Fig. 5.9. To assure that the intent is necessary to apply the bonding rules back to the location of the most local main bonding jumper. Depending upon how the property is Wired, that could be within the build- ing containing the hazardous location, or all the way back to the service. Equipment grounding conductors, Where flexible metal conduit or lig- Uuidtight flexible metal conduit is re- lied upon as the only equipment grounding path, properly sized inter- nal or extemal bonding jumpers must be run in parallel with each conduit. ‘These parallel bonding jumperscan be omitted in a Div. 2 location if: * the approved liquidtight flexible ‘metal conduitis 6 f(1.83 m) or lessin Tength; fittings listed for grounding are * overcurrent protection in the cir- cuit is 10A or less; and * the load is not a power-utiliza- tion load.