3 Unit

American Headway 3:

Unit 4

Contents

1 A world of difference
7 Passions and fashions
2 The work week

8 No fear!

3 Good times, bad times

9 It depends how you lo
4 Getting it right

10 All things high tech

5 Our changing world

11 Seeing is believing
6 What matters to me
12 Telling it like it is
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4 Getting it right
Have to
has/have + to + infinitive
You have to wear a helmet when
you ride on a motor scooter.

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Have to

to express

strong obligation
You have to work hard to get good grades.
general obligation - based on a law or rule
In most countries, children have to attend
school until the age of 16.

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have got to
more informal

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have to

have got to
common in spoken English
There are many things that have to be
done every day. We have got to do some
of them in the morning, and some at night.

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Have got to

to express

an obligation now or soon

Hes got to start studying for the exam.
a general repeated obligation
You have got to take out the garbage every day.

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can
could
may
might
will
would
should
must
ought to

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used before other verbs

She can run very fast.

modal
verbs
add meaning: certainty,
possibility, obligation,
ability, permission

can
could
may
might
will
would
should
must
ought to
American Headway 3:

The doctor will see you now.

certainty
possibility
obligation
ability
permission

Unit 4

can
could
may
might
will
would
should
must
ought to
American Headway 3:

They might go skiing.

certainty
possibility
obligation
ability
permission

Unit 4

can
could
may
might
will
would
should
must
ought to
American Headway 3:

You must wash the dishes.

certainty
possibility
obligation
ability
permission

Unit 4

can
could
may
might
will
would
should
must
ought to
American Headway 3:

Mary can paint very well.

certainty
possibility
obligation
ability
permission

Unit 4

can
could
may
might
will
would
should
must
ought to
American Headway 3:

May I see more paintings?

certainty
possibility
obligation
ability
permission

Unit 4

should & ought to

express

mild obligation
I think you should help me with the laundry.
suggestions
Maybe you should try playing the piano.
advice
They ought to stop wasting so much water.

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have to & must

express

stronger obligation than should/ought to

You have to help me with the laundry.
You must help me with the laundry.

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have to & must

same past form

Present: I have to / must study for six years

to become a doctor.
Past:

I had to study for six years

to become a doctor.

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can
ability

express
main use

Mary can paint very well.

can & be allowed to

permission

express

You can borrow my car. more informal

They cant come in here. usually spoken
Youre allowed to leave now.
No one is allowed to take photos here.

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Unit 4

Select the
appropriate
correct sentence
modal ve
can

will

A
B
must
should must

You _______ clean up this messy room!

a suggestion

American Headway 3:

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Select the
appropriate
correct sentence
modal ve
can

will

A
B
should must

must clean up this messy room!

You _______
strong obligation

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Select the
appropriate
correct sentence
modal ve
can

will

A
B
should must

can clean up this messy room!

I _______
ability

American Headway 3:

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Select the
appropriate
correct sentence
modal ve
can

will

A
B
should must

will clean up this messy room!

I _______
certainty

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have to
shouldnt
dont have to go to work.

I had to go.

American Headway 3:

Unit 4