GEOLOGI, ALTERASI, MINERALISASI BIJIH, DAN KARAKTERISTIK

FLUIDA HIDROTERMAL PADA ENDAPAN EMAS EPITERMAL

SULFIDASI RENDAH DI DAERAH CIHONJE-PANINGKABAN,
KECAMATAN GUMELAR, KABUPATEN BANYUMAS,
PROPINSI JAWA TENGAH
Oleh:
Fahmi Hakim
(09/281198/TK/34849)

Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada

*e-mail: fahmi.hakim@mail.ugm.ac.id
Pembimbing: Dr. Arifudin Idrus, S.T., M.T.

Abstrak
Daerah penelitian terletak di Desa Cihonje dan Paningkaban, Kabupaten Banyumas, Propinsi Jawa
Tengah. Di daerah penelitian banyak dijumpai penambang emas rakyat yang beroperasi.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut peneliti ingin mengetahui tipe dan karakteristik dari endapan emas di
daerah penelitian. Di lokasi penelitian terdapat beberapa pola arah urat antara lain utara-selatan,
baratlaut-tenggara, dan timur laut-barat daya. Batuan induk dari proses mineralisasi adalah batuan
sedimen turbidit vulkanik klastik yang termasuk pada Formasi Halang. Dimana terdiri dari satuan
perulangan gradasi batupasir-batulanau yang memiliki porositas dan permeabilitas yang baik.
Sedangkan struktur geologi yang mengontrol mineralisasi adalah kekar ekstensi, Sesar Geser Kiri
Menurun Babakan dan Sesar Geser Kiri Paningkaban. Sistem bukaan urat diketahui sebagai tipe
jogs dengan bukaan berupa en-echelon tension veins. Pola arah urat yang paling banyak terdapat
mineralisasi bijih adalah pola urat dengan arah baratlaut-tenggara. Daerah penelitian terdiri dari 4
zona alterasi yaitu alterasi filik (serisitkuarsapiritkarbonatklorit), alterasi argilik (illit
smektitillit/smektitkarbonatkuarsaserisitdikitklorit),
alterasi
sub-propilitik
(klorit
klorit/smektitsmektitkarbonatkuarsazeolit),
dan
alterasi
lemah
sub-propilitik
(klorit/smektitkarbonat). Zona alterasi yang paling banyak terdapat mineral bijih seperti emas,
elektrum, perak, pirit, kalkopirit, sfalerit, galena, arsenopirit, cubanite, markasit, kovelit dan
tenantit adalah zona alterasi argilik. Struktur hidrotermal yang dijumpai adalah massive vein, vein
swarm, low angle veins, stockwork and breksi diatrema. Tekstur urat yang dijumpai di daerah
penelitian antara lain normal banded, cockade, crustiform, bladed carbonate, comb, dan
sakaroidal. Hal yang menarik mengenai penelitian ini adalah dijumpainya mineral gangue yang
didominasi oleh mineral karbonat dengan sejumlah kecil kuarsa yang mengandung kadar emas
cukup tinggi (sampai 83 g/t Au). Tahapan mineralisasi terdiri dari tahap 1 (fluidized breccia),
tahap 2 (quartz vein), tahap 3 (carbonate-base metal), tahap 4 (late carbonate), dan yang terakhir
tahap 5 (supergen). Tahapan mineralisasi tersebut berkisar pada suhu 230~>300 oC untuk tahap
hipogen dan 150-210oC untuk tahap supergen. Sedangkan estimasi temperatur pembentukan
endapan berdasarkan data inklusi fluida pada mineral induk kuarsa dan kalsit berkisar antara 250298oC. Berdsarkan hal itu diperkirakan kedalaman pembentukan endapan adalah 890 meter
dibawah paleosurface. Fluida hidrotermal memiliki salinitas rendah yaitu 0,71 1,07 wt.% NaCl
eq. pada mineral induk kuarsa, dan 0,18 wt% NaCl eq. pada mineral induk kalsit. Hal tersebut
menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pencampuran fluida hidrotermal yang didominasi oleh fluida meteorik
dengan fluida yang kaya CO2. Berdasarkan data penelitian dan dikomparasi dengan model yang
telah ada, maka tipe endapan emas di daerah penelitian merupakan endapan epitermal sulfidasi
rendah dengan tipe Carbonate Base Metal Gold.
Kata kunci:

Cihonje-Paningkaban, en-echelon tension vein, alterasi, karbonat, inklusi fluida,

fluida yang kaya CO2, epitermal sulfidasi rendah, carbonate-base metal gold.

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GEOLOGY, ALTERATION, ORE MINERALIZATION AND

CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROTHERMAL FLUID AT LOW
SULFIDATION EPITHERMAL GOLD DEPOSITS OF PANINGKABAN
CIHONJE AREA, DISTRICT GUMELAR DISTRICT, BANYUMAS
REGION, CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE
By:
Fahmi Hakim
(09/281198/TK/34849)

Bachelor Student at Geological Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty,

Universitas Gadjah Mada. *e-mail: fahmi.hakim@mail.ugm.ac.id
Supervisor: Dr. Arifudin Idrus, S.T., M.T.

Abstract
The research area is located in Cihonje and Paningkaban Village, Banyumas Regency, Central
Java Province. The research area is found by many artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM)
are operating in that area. Based on that, researchers want to know the types and characteristics
of deposits that produce gold. In the research area there are several vein orientation with the
relative direction north-south, northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest. Host rock of the
mineralization are turbidite volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks of the Halang Formation, consist of
looping gradation of sandstone and siltstone unit which have a good porosity and permeability.
While the geological structures which controls mineralization is an extension joints, Babakan
Normal Left Slip Fault and Paningkaban Left Slip Fault. Dilational ore environment is known as
the type of jogs in the form of en-echelon tension veins. Vein orientation which are most abundant
of ore mineralization is the northwest southeast vein direction. There are 4 zones of alteration:
phyllic alteration (sericite-quartz-pyritecarbonate chlorite), argillic alteration (illite-smectiteillite/smectite-carbonate-quartz-sericite-dickitechlorite), sub-propylitic alteration (chloritechlorite/smectite-smectite-carbonatequartzzeolite), and weak sub-propylitic alteration
(chlorite/smectitecarbonate). Hydrothermal alteration zones that show high mineralization with
the set of ore minerals such as native gold, electrum, native silver, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite,
galena, arsenopyrite, cubanite, marcasite, covelite and tennantite is generally found in the argillic
alteration zone. Hydrothermal structures were identified as massive vein, vein swarm, low angle
veins, stockwork and disperse in diatreme breccia. Various types of vein textures are present, such
as normal banded, cockade, crustiform, bladed carbonate, comb, and saccharoidal. Something
interesting about this study is almost all of gangue minerals present are carbonate, and minor
quartz with a high grade of gold (until 83 g/t Au). Stages of mineralization in the study area
consists of stage 1 (fluidized breccia), stage 2 (quartz vein), stage 3 (carbonate-base metal), stage
4 (late carbonate), and the last stage 5 (supergene). The mineralization stages at temperatures
ranging from 230~>300oC for hipogen stage and 150-210oC for supergene stage and estimated
from fluid inclusion study of quartz and calcite ranges from 250-298oC. It is estimated the depth of
mineralization is 890 meters below the paleosurface. The hidrotermal fluid is dilute, with an
salinity 0,71 1,07 wt.% NaCl eq. from quartz, and 0,18 wt% NaCl eq. from calcite. It is
speculated that these systems form as a result of the mixing of hydrothermal fluid (dominant by
meteoric water) with CO2-rich waters. Based on the data and comparison to existing models, its
indicates that the ore deposits types present in the research area is typical of low sulphidation
epithermal especially carbonate-base metal-gold mineralization system.
Keywords:

Cihonje-Paningkaban, en-echelon tension vein, alteration, carbonate, fluid

inclusion, CO2-rich waters, low sulphidation epithermal, carbonate-base metalgold.

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