v =Ri

dv
i = [C(v) + v dC
]
dv dt

di
v = [L(i) + i dL
]
di dt

"

! #$
! %$

"
vc

"

vk

vk = Ek v c

"
vc

ik

ik = Gk v c

ic

"

vk

vk = Hkic

ic
ik = Fkic

ik

R3

&

"

'

ES6

(
*

R4

R1

R8

G2 v 3

IS5

"
E7 v 3
i1 + i2

+ i3
i3

+ i 4 i5

i6
+ i6

+ i7

=0
=0
+ i8 = 0
i8 = 0

! +

R3

&

"

'

ES6

(
*

R4

R1

! +

R8

G2 v 3

IS5

"
E7 v 3
e1
e1
e1 + e 2
e2
+ e2

v1
v2
v3
v4
v5

+ e2

v6
v7
v8

e3
e3

v ATe = 0

=0
=0
=0
=0
=0
=0
e4 = 0
+ e4 = 0

1
1

1 1
1

1
1 1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1

1
1
1
1

R1

G2
1

1
R3

R4
1

1
E7
R8

1
1

1
1

1
1
1 1

i1
i2
i3

0
0
0

i4
i5
i6
i7
i8

0
0
0
0
0

v1
v2
=
v3
v4

0
0
0
0

v5
v6
v7
v8
e1

0
0
0
0
IS5

e2
e3
e4

ES6
0
0

Ki K v

AT
O

v = o
s
e

!"

!"
#

,
.
-

R3

&

i1

+ i2

1 v
R1 1

+ G 2 v3

'

G2 v3

+ 1 v3
R3
1 v3
R3

+ i4

i5

=0
=0

+ 1 v4
R4

IS5

=0

=0

1 e + G (e e ) + 1 ( e e ) = 0
2 1
2
2
R1 1
R3 1

R4

R1

+ i3
i3

IS5

1 (e1 e 2 ) + 1 e 2 = IS5
R3
R4

,
Yn = AKi-1K v A T

1 +G + 1
2 R
R1
3
Yn e =
1
R3

G2 1
R3
1 + 1
R3 R3

e1
e2

0
IS5

= IS

A
O
I

AT
O
Y

IS = Ki-1s

v = 0
e
IS

O AY

Y = Ki-1K v

O
I

AT
O
Y
I

,
-

&
&
&

A IS
v =
0
e
IS
i

AYA T
AT
O

A IS
v =
O
e
IS
i

!'

#
#

()

Yn =
.

1
Rk

1
Rk
.

1
Rk
.
.

.
.

1
Rk

ISk
.
IS =
.

+ ISk
.
.

.
.

.
Yn =

.
Gk

.
Gk

.
Gk

.
Gk

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

*
*
*

R3

'

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&

ES6

012
R4

R1

R8

G2 v 3

1 v
R1 1

+ i2

+ G2 v 3

+ i3
i3

+ 1 v3
R3
1 v3
R3

"

i1

IS5

E7 v 3

+ i4

+ 1 v4
R4

i5

IS5

i6
i6

+ i7

+ i8
i8

i6

=0
=0
=0
=0
=0
=0

i6
i7
v7

+ 1 v8
R8
1 v8
R8
v6
E7 v 3

=0
=0
= ES6
=0

R3

&

"

'

ES6

R4

R1

R8

G2 v 3

IS5

"

E7 v 3
1
R1

+ G2 + R1
R1
0

G2 R1
1
R3

+ R1
0

0
0

0
1

E7

E7

AKi-1K v A T = A IS

1 0

1
R8
R1
8

R1

0
0

1
0

1
R8

e1
0
e2
IS5
e3
0
=
e4
0
i6
ES6
i7
0

* , !
*

/
u11x1 + u12 x 2
u22 x 2

xj =

bj

+ ..... + u1nxn
+ ..... + u2nxn
:
:
:
unnxn

= b1
= b2
:
:
= bn

x n 1 =

u j,k xk

k = j+ 1

bj

bn
un,n
bn1 un 1,n xn
un1,n1

x1

u j, j

xj =

xn

b1 u1,2 x 2 ..... u1,nxn

j1

l j,k xk

k =1

l j, j

1 n(n + 1)
2

u1,1

+ a1,2 x 2
a 2,1x1 + a 2,2 x 2
:
:
a1,1x1

an,1x1 + an,2 x 2

+ ..... + a1,nxn
+ ..... + a 2,nxn
:
:
:

= b1
= b2
:

+ ..... + an,nxn

0
:
:
0
+ a1(1,2) x 2

+ a (22,2) x 2

+ .....

+ a1(1,n) xn

(2)
+ ..... + a 2
,nxn
:
:

(n)
+ an
,nxn

ai,1
(2)
bi = bi
b1
a1,1

= bn

a1,1x1

a1(1,1) x1

, &.
ai,1
(2)
a1, j
ai, j = ai, j
a1,1

+ a1,2 x 2

(2 )
+ a2
,2 x 2

:
:

= b1(1)

(2 )
+ an
,2 x 2

+ ..... + a1,n xn
+ ..... + a (22,n) xn
:
:
:
:
(2 )
+ ..... + an
,nxn

= b(22)
:
:

(n)
= bn

n3 + 3n2 n
3

= b1

= b(22)
:
:
(2 )
= bn

!'
#

+
#
(),

!
-.,

%
0.000125 x1 + 1.25 x 2
12.5 x1
+ 12.5 x 2
0.000125 x1

x1 = 1.0001

= 6.25
= 75

+ 1.25 x 2

x 2 = 4.9999
x1 = 0

= 6.25

1.25 105 x 2

= 6.25 105

+ 1.25 x 2
12.5 x1 + 12.5 x 2

/
/

x2 = 5
= 6.25
= 75

x1 = 1

x2 = 5

l11

....

l21 l22 0
l 31 l32 l33

....
....

0
0

ln1

ln2 ln3

u11 u12
0
0

:: :
.... lnn

3 , !
2

u22 u23
0 u33
:
0

:
0

.... u1n
.... u2n
.... u3n =
::
:
.... unn

a11 a12
a 21 a22
a 31 a32
:

an1 an2

a13

....

a1n

a23
a33

.... a2n
.... a3n

::
:
an3 .... ann

* , !

. 3 , !
%5 67 8 9 * : 9

:
0

u13

.
/

* ; <* : 9* =#

4
23
'
'

23
min{i, j}
p =1

"

lipupj = aij

'

ukj = akj

l21u11 = a 21
l31u11 = a 31
:
: :
ln1u11 = an1

k 1

lkpupj

p =1

* : 7 9 ? #8 * ; < * : 9 * = #
23

23

aik
lik =

l22u22
l22u23
:

l22u2n

n3 + n
3
>

= a 22
= a 23

: :
+ l21u1n

:
= a 2n

k 1

u1....n,1....k

lipupj

p =1

ukk

+ l21u12
+ l21u13

@-

&4444
/ .&4444

l11u11 = a11
l11u12 = a12
:
: :
l11u1n = a1n

ak +1....n,k +1.....n

* ,!
n1

n1

n1

k =1

k =1

k =1

(rk 1)(ck 1) +

(c k 1) +

aij(k +1) = aij(k )

(rk 1) + n

rk = # non - zeros in k - th row

ck = # non - zeros in k - th row

(k ) (k )
aik
akj
(k )
akk

(k )
(k )
aik
and akj
are non - zero

.>

:6
/

'

!"
#

!"

---

&

'

&

A & &

( & '

B ' &

' ' '

' & (

& ( '

( ( (

B ) '

&( ) (

3
2
2
0
1
3
7 13

1
0
0
1

& & )

5
7
0
0

& ) )