DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................................... ii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... x
BAB I

PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Perusahaan ........................................................ 1
1.2 Kerja Praktek .............................................................................. 2
1.3 Tata Letak Pabrik ....................................................................... 4
1.4 Struktur Organisasi .................................................................... 4

BAB II DESKRIPSI PROSES

2.1 Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimia ......................................................... 6
2.2 Jenis-Jenis Proses Pembuatan Terephtalic Acid ........................ 10
2.3 Proses Pembuatan Purified Terephtalic Acid............................. 11
BAB III ALAT PROSES DAN INSTRUMENTASI
3.1 Spesifikasi Alat .......................................................................... 47
3.2 Pengendalian dan Instrumentasi ................................................. 53
BAB IV UTILITAS DAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH
4.1 Utilitas ........................................................................................ 110
4.2 Pengolahan Limbah .................................................................... 114
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 120
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................ 120
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

viii

DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman
Tabel 2.1

Sifat Fisik Paraxylene ............................................................

Tabel 2.2

Sifat Fisik Asam Asetat ..........................................................

Tabel 2.3

Sifat Fisik Terephtalic Acid ....................................................

Tabel 2.4

Peralatan di Persiapan Umpan ................................................

14

Tabel 2.5

Parameter Analisa di Persiapan Umpan .................................

14

Tabel 2.6

Peralatan Utama di Area Reaksi .............................................

16

Tabel 2.7

Parameter Analisa pada Bagian Reaksi ..................................

17

Tabel 2.8

Peralatan Utama di Bagian Kristalisasi ..................................

18

Tabel 2.9

Parameter Analisa di Bagian Crystalliser ..............................

18

Tabel 2.10

Peralatan Utama pada Rotary Vacuum Filter .........................

19

Tabel 2.11

Parameter Analisa pada Rotary Vacuum Filter (Rovac) ........

19

Tabel 2.12

Peralatan Utama pada Drier ...................................................

20

Tabel 2.13

Parameter Analisa pada Drier ................................................

21

Tabel 2.14

Parameter Analisa Produk di TA Exit Drier

(Oksidasi) ...............................................................................

Tabel 2.15

24

Parameter Analisa Produk di PTA Exit Drier

(Purifikasi) .....................................................................................

ix

42

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman
Gambar 2.1

Rumus Bangun Paraxylene ....................................................

Gambar 2.2

Rumus Bangun Asam Asetat ..................................................

Gambar 2.3

Rumus Bangun Terephtalic Acid............................................

Gambar 2.4

Blok Diagram Proses Oksidasi ...............................................

13

Gambar 2.5

Blok Diagram Proses Purifikasi .............................................

22

Gambar 2.6

Persiapan Umpan dan Pemanasan Awal ................................

25

Gambar 2.7

Vent Gas Scrubber and Deduster ...........................................

26

Gambar 2.8

Reaktor Hidrogenasi ...............................................................

29

Gambar 2.9

Crystalliser Purifikasi.............................................................

31

st

32

nd

Gambar 2.11 2 Crystalliser........................................................................

32

Gambar 2.12 3rd Crystalliser ........................................................................

33

Gambar 2.13 4th Crystalliser ........................................................................

34

Gambar 2.14 5th Crystalliser ........................................................................

34

Gambar 2.15 Pemisahan Produk ..................................................................

36

Gambar 2.16 Pressure Centrifuge ................................................................

37

Gambar 2.17 Atmospheric Centrifuge ..........................................................

38

Gambar 2.18 Sistem Pengeringan ................................................................

40

Gambar 2.19 Sistem Batch Tanks dan Conveying Gas ................................

41

Gambar 2.20 Filtrasi Mother Liquor ............................................................

43

Gambar 2.21 Penanganan Produk dan Penyimpanan ...................................

45

Gambar 2.22 Sistem Pengeringan Off-gas ...................................................

46

Gambar 3.1

Pengendalian Level dan Temperatur Feed Mix Drum ...........

53

Gambar 3.2

Pengendalian Aliran Katalis ...................................................

54

Gambar 3.3

Pengendalian Aliran Paraxylene ............................................

55

Gambar 3.4

Pengendalian Aliran Umpan Reaktor .....................................

56

Gambar 3.5

Pengendalian Udara dan Nitrogen ke Reaktor .......................

57

Gambar 3.6

Water Draw Off ......................................................................

58

Gambar 2.10 1 Crystalliser ........................................................................

Gambar 3.7

Pengendalian Level Reaktor Oksidasi ....................................

59

Gambar 3.8

Pengendalian Level Reactor Condenser ................................

59

Gambar 3.9

Pengendalian Tekanan HP Absorber......................................

60

Gambar 3.10 Pengukuran Temperatur Reaktor Oksidasi dan Reactor

Condenser ...............................................................................

61

Gambar 3.11 Pengaturan Oksigen Offgas ....................................................

62

Gambar 3.12 Pengendalian Aliran Base Reflux Reaktor Oksidasi ...............

63

st

Gambar 3.13 Pengendalian Level 1 TA Crystalliser ..................................

64

Gambar 3.14 Pengendalian Tekanan 1st TA Crystalliser ............................

65

Gambar 3.15 Pengendalian Temperatur dan Aliran pada 1st TA

Crystalliser .............................................................................

66

Gambar 3.16 Analisa Off-gas di 1st TA Crystalliser ....................................

66

Gambar 3.17 Pengendalian Level dan Tekanan Vacuum Pump KO

Drum .......................................................................................

67

Gambar 3.18 Pengendalian Aliran dan Oksigen Vacuum Pump KO

Drum .......................................................................................

68

Gambar 3.19 Pengendalian Aliran Gas Inert ...............................................

69

Gambar 3.20 Pengendalian Aliran Pelarut ke Drier Scrubber .....................

70

Gambar 3.21 Pengendalian Tekanan Sistem Resirkulasi .............................

71

Gambar 3.22 Pengendalian Temperatur Gas Resirkulasi .............................

72

Gambar 3.23 Pengendalian Drier Scrubber .................................................

72

Gambar 3.24 Pengendalian Feed Slurry Drum ............................................

73

Gambar 3.25 Pengendalian Tekanan/Aliran Conveying Gas .......................

74

Gambar 3.26 Pengendalian Tekanan Slurry.................................................

74

Gambar 3.27 Pengendalian Tekanan Preheater ...........................................

75

Gambar 3.28 Pengendalian Aliran Slurry ....................................................

76

Gambar 3.29 Pengendalian Temperatur Slurry ............................................

77

Gambar 3.30 Pengendalian Temperatur Preheater ......................................

78

Gambar 3.31 Pengendalian Kekentalan Slurry ............................................

79

Gambar 3.32 Pengendalian Tekanan Reaktor Hidrogenasi .........................

81

Gambar 3.33 Pengendalian Level Reaktor Hidrogenasi ..............................

82

xi

Gambar 3.34 Pengendalian Tekanan pada 1st Crystalliser...........................

nd

83

Gambar 3.35 Pengendalian Tekanan pada 2 Crystalliser ..........................

84

Gambar 3.36 Pengendalian Tekanan pada 3rd Crystalliser ..........................

85

Gambar 3.37 Pengendalian Tekanan pada 4th Crystalliser ..........................

85

Gambar 3.38 Pengendalian Tekanan pada 5th Crystalliser ..........................

86

Gambar 3.39 Pengendalian Level pada 1st Crystalliser ...............................

87

Gambar 3.40 Pengendalian Level pada 2nd Crystalliser ..............................

87

rd

Gambar 3.41 Pengendalian Level pada 3 Crystalliser ...............................

88

Gambar 3.42 Pengendalian Level pada 4th Crystalliser ...............................

88

Gambar 3.43 Pengendalian Level pada 5th Crystalliser ...............................

89

Gambar 3.44 Pengendalian Laju Alir pada Pressure Centrifuge .................

90

Gambar 3.45 Pengendalian Laju Alir Atmospheric Centrifuge ...................

90

Gambar 3.46 Pengendalian Temperatur Air Reslurry ..................................

91

Gambar 3.47 Pengendalian Level Reslurry Drum .......................................

91

Gambar 3.48 Pengendalian Level Mother Liquor Drum .............................

92

Gambar 3.49 Pengendalian Level Atmospheric Feed Drum ........................

92

Gambar 3.50 Pengendalian Level Recycle Solvent Drum ............................

93

Gambar 3.51 Pengendalian Level Condensate Pot ......................................

93

Gambar 3.52 Pengendalian Tekanan dan Temperatur Drier .......................

94

Gambar 3.53 Pengendalian Transfer Line Conveying Gas ..........................

94

Gambar 3.54 Aliran Drier Steam dan Gas Inert ...........................................

95

Gambar 3.55 Pengendalian Gas Inert Batch Tank .......................................

96

Gambar 3.56 Pengendalian Level Mother Liquor Feed Drum ....................

97

Gambar 3.57 Pengendalian Level Mother Liquor Filter..............................

98

Gambar 3.58 Pengendalian aliran PTA Mother Liquor Cooler ...................

98

Gambar 3.59 Pengendalian Temperatur PTA Mother Liquor Cooler ..........

99

Gambar 3.60 Pengendalian Tekanan Mother Liquor Filter Head Tank ......

99

Gambar 3.61 Pengendalian Roushing dan Blanketing .................................

100

Gambar 3.62 Pengendalian Level PTA Silo .................................................

101

Gambar 3.63 Pengendalian IC 360 Drier Sequence.....................................

102

Gambar 3.64 Pengendalian Tekanan Conveying Gas ..................................

103

xii

Gambar 3.65 Kompresi Gas Inert ................................................................

xiii

104