OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS (OP-AMP)

SUMMARY
Op-amp are high voltage gain integrated circuits
The function and gain of an op-amp is controlled by external
components
Open-loop gain of an op-amp is theoretically infinite; in practice it can be
well over 250 000
The two inputs to an op-amp are: 1. - inverting. The output will be 180
out of phase with the signal applied to this input. 2. + non-inverting.
The output will be in phase with the signal applied to this input.
Op-amps are usually operated in one of the three modes: 1. Singleended 2. Differential 3. Common
In the single-ended mode of operation, only one input is used. The
other is earthed.
In the differential mode of operation, both inputs are used. The opamp responds to the difference between the input voltages
In the common mode of operation, the same signal is applied to both
inputs. The resultant output should be zero volts
The output voltage level is limited to (just less than) the value of the
supply voltage
Op-amps operate from either a single-polarity or dual-polarity. If a
dual-polarity supply is used, the positive and negative voltages have a
similar value
Op-amps when used as voltage amplifiers, have one of the following
configurations: 1. Inverting amplifier 2. Non-inverting amplifier 3.
Voltage follower
Op-amp voltage amplifiers have the following gain formulae. 1. Inverting
amp AV = Rf

Rin 2. Non-inverting AV = 1 + (Rf

Rin) 3.

Voltage follower AV = 1
Common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is a measure of an op-amps
ability to reject common mode signals
The difference amplifier stages that make up part of the op-amp provide
high voltage gain and common-mode rejection
Open loop voltage gain is the gain of the op-amp with no external
feedback connections
There are three basic op-amp configurations: inverting, non-inverting,
and voltage follower
All op-amp configurations except comparators employ negative
feedback
Input offset voltage produces an output error voltage (with no input
voltage)
The voltage follower has the highest input impedance and the lowest
output impedance of the three configuration

1. The op-amp has ___________ input terminals and ________ output

terminal
A. Two; one.
B. Three ; one.
C. Two; two.
2. The typical op-amp devices operate under
A. Two DC supply voltages.
B. Only on positive supply voltage.
C. Only on negative voltage supply.
3. The ideal op-amp has
A. Low open loop gain.
B. Large voltage gain.
C. An infinite voltage gain.
4. The ideal op-amp has
A. An infinite bandwidth.
B. Large bandwidth.
C. Narrow bandwidth.
5. The ideal op-amp has __________ so that it does not draw any power
from the driving source
A. Large input impedance.
B. Infinite input impedance.
C. Low input impedance.
6. The output impedance of an ideal op-amp is
A. Only very low.
B. Infinity.
C. Only zero.
7. The concept of an infinite input impedance is a particularly valuable
analysis for
A. Improvement of loading effect.
B. Improvement of negative feedback.
C. Improvement of bandwidth.
8. The characteristics of a practical op-amp are
A. High voltage gain, low input impedance, high output impedance,
and narrow bandwidth.
B. High voltage gain, high input impedance, low output impedance,
and wide bandwidth.
C. Infinite voltage gain, infinite input impedance, zero output
impedance, and infinite bandwidth.

9. Superimposed common-mode signals applied to the two input

terminals of an op-amp would be rejected at the output only if they are
of the same
A. Phase, bandwidth, and offset voltage.
B. Type, part number, and device-to-device variations.
C. Phase, frequency, and amplitude.
10.Op-amps when connected for negative feedback has the following
improvements
A. Narrow bandwidth and improved input impedance.
B. Stabilized gain and increased frequency response
C. Linear operation and high output impedance.
11.The zero voltage at the inverting input terminal is referred to as
A. Common ground.
B. Neutral ground.
C. Virtual ground.
12.The closed-loop gain is independent of the op-amps
A. Internal open-loop gain.
B. Infinite voltage gain.
C. Infinite input impedance.
13.The voltage follower op-amp is also known as
A. Emitter follower.
B. Impedance follower.
C. Unity gain amplifier.
14.All op-amp devices have a small input bias currents and input offset
voltages that produces
A. An output error voltage.
B. An output error impedance.
C. An infinite error voltage.
15.The open-loop gain is the gain of the op-amp with
A. 100% feedback.
B. No feedback connections
C. Negative feedback.