P^C;E:i

Air

WtF'AtePal

Cori'lditi,cning

=='A'irltnes

lr(r,'.a'(tr,ri

AIR CONDITICNiIIG

ATI\
c!{,.P:

r------_:--_,

I t ' h u , to l ( 1 . - L 1
i*---*-4

i;;; ;

2X

-il

-l

iI 5 i . o o u i . i r' * - - ' - - - - ' i

I
I

y0 vrt,,,E
L-----J

at<rn
AIR
c 0 l t T Rl L

P N E U M AI C
TTANIFOI.O

0 r i ; TR t E u T l\C
SYSTTM

:OHDITI

{r-*--:1
I

|----l
t o u r P M E HI r

R
GASTE
Alq
SYSTEIJ

I
I
I

coor.rNc
I
t
L--_l-J

'''i.'*"t '

I
t
S U T S0t
/rt-,,'.':/.':;.,-

. ) t 1; t . r . , .
*r

n,,F.^^,.^
rUI IUSE

^.
UI

*lrn
LiIC

Ai r
HIL

''^t

a,

+l*;t-l

2t'r z

f ' n n r i 1 - i' nI \nJiInI n

TIIY
\,UII\II

Q v cu t oL Ui lnl l
UJ

Con'lltlonelAlr Source
j
i r c , n 1 : h e D n e u i i l a t j . c r l a n . j - fo i
is bl:c
a'nd
blr s':parate
e.ni coi.rciL'onec
Pacl"s'
:.nde:pe;ri.en-- coolittg

i.ir

The Ai r Coni'iti.on-i-nE sy:;ten prcvide:s ;:

c c : : c i t i c n e d a i l ' e r t v i : : o n i n e n F -f c : t h e r
p a s s e n , j e r s a n d c r l wf a s s u r i n g c o m f o r - u
=-;

dllq

--!^grr

)q-ELl

prcper
in

the

Thel

a:-:

:-s

al:i
ten-3erai:urel
a::ea:l cabin

ficr

{:on|-rcileo

'race oi

c:larrge

c;13::1 areas !s exh;'us':ec

Air
Ieav:ng:ill
w
tlr::: th'= cargo
so chat it';1ll;tssi::i:-tEi'uhat ihese
conparinents,
r
(
)ma:-n :bo're freezrngi
conipar:ments
lorhor:r!troq

Conditioned

ai:: tl; u:sed as the air

for

assurincj
- -z-i n" c- t h e a i : r : r a f t ,
a: hi<;h
f
l
i
g
h
t
s
s
i
:
.
i
e
a
n
c
l
confortatle

!)reqqltri

aLtituCes . T'he exilau=-"ing oi the a::r:

by a
froiir the fus;eI;lge rs controlled
s . , ' : i t e : ' i, l w h i c h
"at;.on
l
a
L
t
e
:
:
.
d!scussec.
nre,.qrrri

will-

be

f l:on th'3
C : c ni : r o L o i t n e f l c > r ' c f a i r
pack's is;
t
l
r
e
i
n
t
o
r)neuna:.j.c meni::cId
e
a
c
h
f
r
:
r
F'acI:'
!:;' tr p'ack val-ve:
:;:;'r(:e tre a:.r i:rc:n the Pne:umii::: m2:::l-5 toc, wal:it' j-t must: be: cr:Oleii'
::ol-r:
of ther a:Lr lr-on
llhe packs cc,ol part
This cclii ai-r
r
n
a
n
j
f
o
lc'
p
n
3
u
n
a
:
i
.
c
i:he
end Pal;ses on t'c
ils ialxed wiLh hot air
'i:ne main dis;tr:i-buti-on
man:-fo Li as;
< : c n r 1i t i o n e d

(lon(f i cioneo
ai,: f rorr tfre <:ne e:r:o oi thi:
n:anii:oLd fic)ws tc
l:iar.r distl-ibution
.:he passe'nger 'labin.
Cond:Lti'rrrec ai::
end of the mat'tr
o
t
h
e
r
t
h
e
f
r
o
n
il-o'"rs
m,ani-fol.d to r-he conLroL
,iistribuLion

^-:;-

l_
I

ai::-

lx, {,"1,

pncr:2

\b# NePal

@Airlines

Condltioning

ATA
CHAP;

21

D I S T R I B U T I OS
NY S T E I ' 4 S
CABINS
C O r u T N O&
I PASSENCER
NTAIN
DISTRIBUTION
I,lANIFOLD

=c*
ELECTRCNICS
RTIvIENT
COI''lPA
CARGO
COhIPARTh'lEI'IT
(FwD)

t
RIGHT
COOLING
PACK

lau -

I'n{L+r!{{- } 'l

Lt a

-, zlsLv'bu'na^ ?"qrl'
',2)q,

RE
TO PASSENG
C A EN
I

F R O ME N GN O ,2

C O L DA IR

AIR
c0N0lTl0N:0

PrJiuLlATlc
I , I A N IO
FL D

P A C KV A L V E

I S O L A T I OVNA L V E{ R E F }

OII I
MAINDISTFIBUT
r,lAtJlF0r-0
c 0 l i c l T l 0 N E 0A l R
C O L OA I B

E N GN O
TO C]NTI]L

cABlt'l

*"/-+7

H O TA I R

RIGHT
COOLING
P A CK

PAC;E:5

Wtr Nep,al

\-

ri,r

Air
Conrditioning

EElgtlirlines

2-I

ATA
CHAP:

I'

t,

I
I

i
I

I
I

.l: lr..) I
I

tI

N O S E( ] E A I i
\ Y FEi E I -W E . L
i RE F . )

,ralTri:rar.
Ufl4^llUlr

rn:

l i { A l N G: A N
l V H i : E L# E L L

sYst c U A F T
F l-. 0 ' # v , i L Y i :
0 uIT'FI

(nE'l

{ R E: l

-/
l l

P A : J S EGIE
I RC A S I N

{ )l

c0NTH0LlAElli

l ll

F O R V JHAD L O I ! E RC A R I J O
COMFA]lTMENT

\-/

EL : C T i l O I ] C CO M P A R T \ I E ] ' I T
{ il

A F T L O " v E RC l i R G 0 C 0 M P A R T M 5 t I T

Subsystem
icati oi'l
iclenti 1=
Tre

a!-r <:onji-Liorrinr
sv-st,:n is iivided
intc
:sevr:n indir,ri du:rl .t:unr:tir:ns . Thes;e
=nd ti.eir
sij:syrs:erts
fr.:nc1:ic:rs are as;
fcilcr.'s:

't..
\
o :,.:.,a
I
/" '"' ^ .r . ,r, Vt..,..' *'( l/:--:.

5 6 d

c o n t : r o l - s ' / s t ' 3 n . 1 , , . .t - /' . ' u

7..:

v,a::,-'

Con:r,lis

f rc,m l:he

f Iovi o:: b.Leeri air

the

^tatr-r-i,-

m=-i

Fnl:i

ir:r.

o.:^'l

i a-

Crrr'l

cnal

inr

:ack.
Thrtre is a se::ar:r--e a j eei ai:
ccnc=,:I
: 5 V S : e : T tf o r
ela:ir o.: :.re _cacks.
Each bl-et:C air
cc:ntrcL svr;te:n functic>ns

Seyt:-,.

1_o

'io,r-l^>l

:nri

sugrci,"' c,:ld
n-r)n-

-:

i --

a::i
i-o

The

oNr/6nn

'l_'ro

n:.-'r

cont:rol.

o:

into

rlre,l

in

l-roi- ati

.o

n'

-hrr

^rrnl

i rn

va|,

.nd

-:-i.e

i:ne cr:::)e:

-6,1=:' he''

L,:

n:.^i

' '- -

_ii::i,,
"/

a-i.r f I ow

J :::ts

j.on{:c a:r
c l es : : ' e i
a:. :le
,', b e < : o ; n r : c : ; r C : t
cenoe.aat ,re fc:r ':ne cab:r. a:-ea:;, -lilr:r
ar:: f::om outsi.de
.ls ':s;ei
the aircrai:t
to as:iis't
the bor: a.Ll ir:on
in.coo.Iing
th) pneulnatic
mani;cf C., I'h:-:; ri::, ::;
ex;:au:;--e: cu::: :iil aj-,e: :.: :.s :::e: ::.

AS:

"

/(-.^i:ilq

D:i.k

3.

Dr:;tr.:buticn

tr,

a:

,,:

s;vs--en

: n Ar u

sl

?he coirtrcl
rl-ow
of the: ancurl'! ) I a r r
(i. t:. , po-rnds F,e:' m:Ilu:.:)
!ntc
t.he
paci< .
r:hrcugh
a,
The cclntr:ol
is acconrplj.sneri
tfre
1t', corttrolling
fl-o',r cont:roI
vaiv..
the sl/stem will
an'tount o1: aj-r flcw,

j.rc;; tlie cc:li:rg

i-::c./.s
Ccrd.r.t-io::ed a::
:s d's;-":.:DUieC tc) :j:e passe:ge:'al:c
ccrt:a)l
<:acin. This concit:c,neci a.:: !s;
circul.atr:d
rn -*he c,lbin aree.s and ih,=rr
hrcucii the elec-'r'ic;ti,/
r
,
c
c
i
exhaus;
electron.L.
and/or to t.he Lorver
r-.*l

a-n:r.\'l

itrcPl

"

nrFqqrlrA

+'fro

a
v .n.rJi -n.ot -

m^,ir)l

at- r no
e f

r r Y

l' - i_ar I"h

-s -t -' ar o ( )_

h
- _i - 9 f l

anci

situtctf

s " ! r

valver

-_rdo

:rar(:

rts

q..4b_#,

pace:4

Conditioning

^,^^t,^

-he turDine releasirq

heat energy as it drit'es ihe co;np:essor.
When air ternpera-'ure drcps, :ts moisture
condenses. A qa'.er-.separa:c!-. ls. r-equr:ec
n riro > i -

P:::pcs= of --ire arr ccniitroninq

packs is :o recuce :-he bleeo
s ' - ' s : e n _.:- . ..a
'
:
E
e
=
D e r a : u r e - , o " . : 1 eo e s : r e c
**r
:,g::iDe:ature
-'

'-.i

a--.'-e

llriq

hc::

air
! L ^

::::cu3::

:he

cabi::s.

arr

t:rVOl1las

::J;

>-d

cvcie

: - ^ -

ihe

ewnhrn-orq

:'::biie
t i -' -:

for

.'., '' ' *"#

-a.-ia6

'.'a:i'e

' .: -- - -:assei

cn

noi

s:r1l

:c

:::a::re: .r-Ti:e renaince:'

-*:-:c:-rs: ',he paci:s.
T:je
ai:oui:
cf -.h:s d:r'is'cn
-L^
-::=

^i
5--*
::--:.

-Lo

-t..
lr.lr.
-_^
;:rg

-.^:-.^
sG:vC

is

tO

ovr:ncian

bv

;l, xi na
r s Cl:ected
p:c::criio;iate
rs

f uncti on

^h
9rl

^r---r
5lq.tGf

^.
>VSi'I..

in.ionon.iori-

ccclrng
,-\

technicues:

SYSTEM -''ccnsist-s

a-r-:-t':nri

q,e:-o;rdarv

e
^rr^lo

.--:ir

n:r'-ino

of

ireat

pyehrrner

';6ri

ezchanger ."ating
rs ry heat transfer
:c outsr-de aj-r passinq:h:cuch
a ram
-

e,r-+am
>-vJLgllt.

ccor:ng

;:."

ou.-siie
P - l J { A I R S Y S T - I | 1 1- _ e ; p l - o v s
a'r
as
m e o i u m a c : ' o s s r * i l e h e a - ! e > :a ccoling
']'ne a:lou;li oi ou-!s:ce a::
3jianqe:s.
-uhe heat
pi:rniclea
:hrough
to iiow
exrh:ntorc

T"-ili
aUivrriL/ na

/ r tr lmt tr tr vo L< c n - L J J U r

.,-s co@nsron

n , 6.: jt,

-:--

Pn'.o
\.1a. ( ,

ic

hrr

ricre-mined

.Tah6!,

lrr

lr,

r I
C--

ic keep che water tn tne seDaratot:

v.,nen rne svster
irorn ireezl-ng
.:-= lr-,
cperaticn.
The inle'.
of ire
$a-!erseparar-cr:s
ilept =-- a t:mDe:atiu:e
lelov,' i:-ee- i rg p:,:t:.

qrrrr'l

ioiiowlng
aY:i,:

.-*

-!O
gran
D1.event
thLS
r r1r \i i ' :q5,,lu-r lur:oe " - l - i , 9 ' I n , a r
... 6
-lnEgrrng
.. :
tng
CaDlnS.
A riarrr pir
rnv lqrsr>: c c
ri S,
-al:C_

lioed

3aSS:i:O

::vrieC

^^---^
eJr.urul

nro-e-o

--."
;':t

a:f

i.

'he

-^-i-^
dJ
--.lu

Le;pe:cLu-s

-- :=^ ' "* e=

:n

5\'5Len

ll=iimd---

pack

ne',hoC

air:

na:nine

^ - - ! . - - - l

L::e

The

21

ATA
CHAP:

t,

rr

a q

ctrnh

I -n

i ano

an

_ . . * r_i - : D * a n e
air

tho

1-ho

a-nr'rt

a s c e n t , o r d e s c e n t , a r - u r b o fa n i n d u c e s
cuEside ai-r fl-ow across the heat ex:hrnoerq.

Tn
* r I

fIi^i-

l 4 : v . l L '

inlai

^^^'.:

and

exii lcuvers noiuia--e open to con.-:cL

the air fl-ow ihrough the heat. exchangersTire amount of opening i.s automa-Lically
:
established to marntain a ce:-tain
ternperature at the compressor discharge.

anct'. 5

Air
Condiitioning

A,T',4, 2!"1
cHAp:

PA
C]NDITiON].N
G{ - K
IO.SASPER
OLTLE.TS

MIXING
C F I A M B EF

I
I
I
i

G A S P ER
FAi\J

i
I
I
i

I
I

WATEB
SE P h R A T O F i

I
I
I

.:-'
'

.r-"'

t:'

RAVI
,ATR

.i

/':''
t, !'

r
I :'',
t'rl'i.
),.r,,

LL.L,

)
AUTOTEMP
./iArTanl

lFfl

l \ t R [ , i l > (V l \ L v E s

----aL--'--'

( M A N t JA L )

P AC K
VAt.VE
IVL.tl.*l

-.,-.(.(_4,

^^'^
''H
uuL.u A\l

?2ru2,

DIl'l ONIED Al Fi
COr.l

4--=li->ag-

RAI\I A:R

a&22
g;cr=r,

Hor ArR
HEAI'E>:CHANcER
'f'^

C f , O L . E DA I F t

'

ll

,"(

pncg: 5

W-4 Nepal

Conditioning

ffiFAirlines

ATA
.HAP:

TO CTR CABIN

TO FWD CABIN

R
)1

h\

,.t

!.

",

b 1.'

21

C c tc , t i n

a:

T R I MA I R P R E S S U R E
R E G U L A T I NV
GA L V E

CoMPRESSOR

/TURBINI

---;
I
I
I
It

T U R B i N EB Y P A S S

V
,/'l
,/t
/l

:rt

I
L

r.

-|
6;yiri:

'.4i;,ti..n

______J
AIR CONDITiONING
PACX

LtG[ND

l-l
l-l

naA

c+P

I
PNEUMATIC
SUPPLY

/-\

AIR CYCLE
r,lAcHlNI

mfr

RAMAIR

f-]

HOI AtR TO
P A C K ST R I T /A
. IR

tsl

P A C KH E A T
E X C H A N GRE
C O O L E DA I R

EI

TURBINE
C O L OA I R

fr:Gl]l

CONDITIONED
AIR

t XCHANGTR

fffil

P n G E :I

Air

Witr Nepal
,{iriine's

El9

ConrditionrinE

l\Tl\
.HAP:

21

C O N T l OVL A L V E
.

l.

,r4.t;''dt1.,.

' ,I ;

I!

8;

l,i/ r'^
ct
// i

ControlValve
PackVarlve/[=1ow
Tre

: i rrn i,re

:=l
---!:
c e'r:..-.,
v . l ! . 1 . :

"

-r.-

4 ^ i -

,li.r-

Cabifr

^^---^l

o - u l =

L v l l

! . i v - -

tat i cr
"-a,===,rat

t,'afves

wnic:r

are

,,1 1=

<:k rrai..re -

--

the

i"nio

:-S CC>;i:::Cl.Led tO

co;lce:::lillg
: l'i-::ene:.:s
r.r-the
ci
|n
freSi:. aj-f

- : : . . . v , : -

cai:in

air

;1eed
q'Jsteii

oi

.lno."il:

enrd'

cc:'t::cL

tn.:s

is

a s:.ucoii

',ni

-;

-,hoi\:

valve,
.ir

:-he a:r'fIi)w:c

o f L < > wc : c n i r o l

func|-ion

-loqeq

the

air:

: o n i i c : . o n : - n g' a n i
p{9i.9!+!'.rzat.ir?It : 9YSqeT
valve - cql!'t"gi,:..thg
amouni. of 4i-.r "flPw,+ng
: - n t c " .t l r e t r i r c o n d i - t i c r n rn9. gnci Pl:es:surizat lcrl
systen.

Sone!:-mt: bcth val-ve: fltnc':ions

c c m b l n e < l i r t o c r : e u . ni t : -

are

:;i:
tnrc)u5i'
Tfte amo -rnt ci a:-r iio;:ng
cal,i.n
veilvr: d,=irends; oi: the airc:a.ft
is; a func+.Lon,oi: tlre re:ouLref'
cru:inc f1:ght'
a
l
t
i
t
:udr:
ca:in
oi 1:he I;acl"
i
n
c
l
The open
4:-li clcsir'{
tfLror'rgh a slrit':!r
val-ve is; cc>ntroIieC.
i n t h e c o n t : = c l - c a : : i - '.
that' a''rcornatic t::1p
In adcrt:i-oI'I tr
functlort5 a:e inscal. l-eci in t:le a Lr
nnnAi r'i r.n i rad qvcte:ii tc> c.IoSa thl: pa<:k
size

and

e 4 ! . . r ! r r Y

" f

vaive whenr3ver tenr)erilture cr Dr)ssllre

I:.m:t.s ttre .exceece::.
cf the 5'a:i'
The e.utomat:-c c1.os:-ng (tripi
valver i:; n,crnalJ-y :Lndj-catedby a IirTL't
qn3::alar:d a, r(lseE to recl)en Lhe va-l-r'e
is

nelce:isarY.

Ti-re l:l-o,.r cont.ro:- fr:nction .c-9gltr.? .e.llfc)omarirc:ai Iy .by . rne.;rns of a di'f f er:err;j'a}
where the s':nsecl
p;,"",t,U,f]=liqni;rottqn,
is proportic)na-!
pt,t=i"r.
dj.fft:rentj-aI
th':
tc) tl'te amcunt o.1 arr fIcwj'ng Lhr'rtrgh
vttIve: .

\g a Nepal

ffiryllirlines

Conditioning

21

ATA
CHAP

R SYSTEM

RAM

COLD
MIX
VALVE

TO t\4lXlNG
CHAI'1BER

F R O NP
'INEUMATIC
DUCT
\

*
TURBOFAN

RAM DOOR
NlODULATING
S EN S OR

t-

w
RAM DOOR

D EF L E C T O R
DOOR

. , h n r rR
l tR INLET

SECONDARY
HEAT EXCHANGER

lscoop

a^
tl

-r
'l

w
--rc--p

.'-,.-) .". ,:

| .': :

77'-V

:._

{g,.SJa

(\,,^!^.

Kan A1r 5\'Slent

n{-

i,'hen on
ground, or during slow flight
and.with-,the,, flaps not fulJ.y retracted,
tire ram door will
move to che ful1 open
f
o
r
m
a
x
i
m
um coolrng.
-cosii,io;r

I-" cc:rs:s-,s of an ::,ie-, :ns:aLla:rcn,

an exhaus:
:::s-.a:.a'.icn,
an
iouver
elec;:::ai
3on;:ec-,ei -.c :re
a::uator
-^^;--r^-:
.1i=vlla.a*Ld-

C O L DA I R
R A MA I B

ffi

/-/-t-r -'t'
D^-

H O TA I R
H E A TE X C H A N G E R
C O O L E DA I B

t-tO a-ll:

1i-1.--^
-:ilAdq=

>_\'Ju=.,1

^a
U-

-;^
-:l=

EXIT
LOUVERS

PRIMARY
HEAT EXCHANGER

;-t^-lr-C

,- {u ^- - .

a:rc exhaus: i:ls:af I a:ic::s , anc a .:urblian with .1is con:rcis.

n^.'l^^+^,
UUI lUL LUI

n^^UUUI

There is a ram air svsten for each

cool rho rack - p.rrcosl is
e.o.riO"
aiecua'-e .c ld outsiie
a i : " of l o w t h : - o u q h

A deflector
door is instal_led for-ward
cf the ram a j-r inlet
doors to prevent
= l rr<h

i naoqf

-ho

aiter

touchdown.

horf

e- .Y. ^- h
. .F- n
. .o2ee- q

t i me - norirr'l a tc, ram

9

an:i

air

ai

t- h. .o*

isa n q

in let,/outlet

o'iaE *itre

ht.

if*con'rrdls

nri

^r

i^

I i f s v^ i
r

q^ l- tJu

The-.def-]ector-,

tolla.Lq-*cl'Qsed.pasiiJ-onu;"tc':-manimizet

j-ri,hi

i nn

thls

according to the
a:-r fiow automaticaily
g
r
o
u
nd cond.itions
aircraft
and
ilight
.
,
h
e
and
tei:iDerature requirements of the
cooling pa:k.

door". extenis

when acti-

'ga;..e.{-.5!.g*!.r*r93}J.y_}y"_.!I.e*_e

rr r r: -! av ru nr rt rq n , Q

safetv

lq?!*G*@-*

sensor.

prrGE:!J

Air
C;o,nditiionfrng

Sgl Nepat

E9E,fz.lirtines

ATA
cFtAP:

/''
.tt

,/

'-J

.tt'

-''
-''

'6o az'

./>>

--12-//,',--- -,_--1

--_6\'q

--'-1
RI\M I\IR iNLET

NEA

E X C l l A N , 3E iR

Pr\cK C-ooLrNG
FlrN CtIFF(.lSEA
RN
I N L E T H O I J S I N G. -

\:

-::--t-t

,C
{/

IIJL E'I'
MOOLLATION
P,1NEI-

ru

)9
fi7+--

v=2?='j=
EX IT

RAV

RA|!I AI q

nnno

INL E']'
L l l ' l K A ( i ES Y S T IM

BAMhlF
E):HAI.'ST
L CU V ER

iL"l

P A G EI:o

Air
Airlines

Conditioning

ATA
.HAP:

21

pnC;e
:i1

\Sd Nepat

EEE9.Airline:s

Coniditic,ninig

ATI\
c,{AP:

1Z-l

ntt

-.----rc{irfl\;-....
j\ffi\*\J--

*
B
u
6
-Y7'r'7\*'L+i$/:
\--:si$;r,
"\

\/

r\lR
AC:TUAT(]R

J\4*Z#*tSSs
i-//.qKS>>?)t)'
jtl
,):,'
cft
,K7
)*si
z -4
'Yl.-t'
-/

iiff ,,'#;ii^t:Ei,,ill"

_J
l?an- l-it

I \ C T U A T OR
RETRACTED

e;,
R A . MA I F I
FROM HEAI'
E X C I .Ai I . . I GRE

Tr=
ffi Jl\x.
-iY

| /\ / i
il -Td'l
\-\tl' \
\
\\.

.-E-

I
I
I

{
I

A C T U A T O RE X T E N ) E t )
DOOR
o

-t
c

aqFn

pnc:IZ

Conditioning
FROM
PACK
VALVES -

5trtr

ll^^!

.,^tr^h^A

St"'

D ETAI L-

P R IM A R Y

ATA
.HAP:

,/-

INSPECTION
PLATES
SECONDARY

ilcd L LXLI ldl l9c I

the expansion turb:ne '
crl:cugh
alr is iirected
'
T
h
ls u;ri-r
neat exchanger
a;'i a:r-to-aj-r
a
i
;
:
b
r
e
n
i
a
i
air
ou:srie
::::i:zes
:enpe=?iu:?, !o-.,coo1 :he ccm-Dressed a:-r'
:he hea-'
l'. srculd be ev:-dent ihai
.-h
e co;:rpre s s e d
I
y c oo
e 19..hq:r g-g.r"".c.q3,,-o-.1-l
t ' - h g -a m b i b n i
o
f
i" tne ter',pera:ure
"ai:i r t e m p e r a - s u r e . T h e . p r i m a r y ' p u r p o s e
-of
"
h
eet
t
h
e
r
e
m
o
v
e
t
o
i
s
ihe heat exchanger
of compression'tso;ngfusgx.the I exPansron
cool ar-r on
relatively
curbine''receives
process cooiing
whici**to"start-'its''own

3eicre en*'ering
--re p:essurized

C O U P LNI G
C L A M P-

I
I
/-:-J.tr?Y

VALVE

21

tncf:' 't :l

Wtl Neltal

Concliticlnint
ACM

A'T'A,
cHAp:
"21

\/ALVE

TO IvIIXINIG
c t-.tAlvlBE Ft

GZZ

=:z

f'1LJ I

A,11

HE,lT i:XCHAl.lGEil
UU\JL=J

--77

AI11

C O l - D, \ I R
R A \ , 1A I R

! I E C O I J C t A RY
I-IEAT EXCI.IANGEFI

P RI M A F I Y
HEAT EXCHANGEiR

DISTRIBU'1-ION
S Y Si E M I
{ tri-tl

RAI\'1
iE::

liiinD
titlil l
,t i i
'i

CYCL:
MACHtN5

vA L!',Ej;

f u u 1,:,tcl := ,4<.V t> t d =) (o""1

ll

lllc { rr-e
L-.

= oPe^

,, or

Hnf

;)

1 . r 1 7 v , c . t u t- 6 l

^^^..

t-A\rE.

Air
Conditioning

RBtr Nepal

reffiAirlines

V A N E A X i AFLA N
I ' I O T ODRR i V E N
\r^-rLn',io;
?:.,,.a..ri

.La . 2.*

L;r
llaa{a1''

{,"'ln4t

(au

l.

D':'Jt't':"'t'

r /

2X

ATA
c,rAP:
pav)'

l-tt''q"-t

vnl<l

c\

|,<

lt

A c

7e,
r

l.

\/,fr,

\ '\)

rClOt

^!5UrlLY

tN0 utl. ^55tx!ty

\
sI^lor
AlStslLY

tHtu^!

rlortcl0t

\ t n* . ; . i l . - ; " ,
Qm '.*^r. t- a l't-, (

tsCuslNG
A5!tMltY

Turbofan
in each r:m air
i-s located
A turbofan
the exit
duct just upstream'of
exi!
r
a
m
airflow
t
h
e
a
u
g
m
e
n
t
s
I
t
Iouverg.
s
l
o
w
flight
g
r
o
u
n
d
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
r
on ihe
( fJ-aps not retracted
) . ?he fan
using engine
operates pneumati,cally
t
t
a
c
t
.
i
v
a
t
ed electrically
i
s
bl-eed air.
sensor or f'ap
s
a
f
e
t
y
bir :he ai-:-grouni
1i-i!
!IUA

^.,if
>wr

l'i6Fvcl*.
. cia.,:

a}.
r Lsf

the fan can also

On other installations
o
r is an intedriven
be electrically
c
y
cle machine ' In
grated part of the air
a
lways running
i
s
it
version
lnu l.t"t
Pack is
when the air conditioning
operating

a:.-

.t
>l

Hat
r^

661

\d4 c)
LL<v

[tg[n-1,"7

D^27

" " 1 . ' , , ol i

!'/1(r C.

t\ir
rConditioning

\t$4 tvepal

IE/EI/AIrtines
Al r

fv J- v uc l Ir r\ J

iI \r lu e
r - IhI l Irt ru o
ul

Fyrh

One ,air cycle: meich:-ne is prov:_Cecl for

e3ch cooirng pac:k ;rnd func::ons t.o (;ooL
tne .bleed djr to tetnperatures that'are,
C - r r i n g i u L l c c I c . . d e m a r : d :. c i i i t r o n s ,
r , = l - o w f r e e z i n g . l f c r . r e v e : : .' . , i : e a n t i - i c e :
cont::ol- svsten assi_tre!i tl-ra: ai,r
Crlt:i::a:'Jr3s
are keoc a;.(l'je :-:=ez:nc; .
The t:url:i:r,= outlet
has; a pe.rioraceo
cc>ll;rr ::or riixing cf the iua::ne.r air
w:ith thr: cr>lC turbi_ne oui:Leil ai:T h e e . i r c v < : l e r n a c h i _ n ec o n s i : ; t s o f a
tlrrbine whe:e1 anl a ccmpress;or imgeller
mounteC on a ,:orDlon shafi:. llhe sh,aft is;
!htcr,:rqr ri r r nr !a

narrn+,-,1

ul-rLul Lri(-l .in

( ce:rter

hou-.;inll

s:ction).
a ( : o r n ; ) r e s s o rs c r o l l a n r f
tu.-rbine torus
en<:Iose the wheelassemblies.

r is
o5
cn
4T -n r u
u v! -i h! ri inrn9

lFr,o w

the

coolj_n.g

t.ur!>inr=

clleraCes, it j-s (:onr,/enieni ro f irsit

CCnSi(j.er an or)erartion 'ahere maxrmum
cocli:1E capabi.Iity
:_s ::ecui:ed. IrL chis
case, the bles,d .i.r is d.irec-_eo fj.rsi:
t o t h t : c 3 n p r e s s o r s e c t : L o n o ' t h e a . ir
c v ( l I e r o a , : h i n e - A : t e r . c c ) r t D . r - e s s j . o n ,t h e i
:h-o- . :.* j .

. ,rar.rcr(o :v ^ ' L

!f _- r\ :, rnu

--'na
!-rrs

;1.:oA
,! l.j3u

tnen

r3:.c\-.js

.al_f .. U.SIfIg

::aI3

:lea:
al_.f

eilel,gii..aS

coolarit.
?hr: coslpreSsol: fr.rrther corn_
rrr)ss:s Lhe engi_ne blee:d ;ri:,
a:i,er
wl'ri-ch the tr.rrbine end ,xDands atld cocls
thi.s salre a:!r- As tre ho-" cc:iprr:sseC ai::
is i.irect-ec agi,t:nst the tr-rr:_-re wneei
a : : - . e : < : a : : d . s , i : r . : I e a s e s : : t e : : r - , ,t o i h e
t u l p i n e r , ' h e e : l r : a u : :j - n ; f i _ t i . c : : c t a c e a
h:-g:r soeed, Si:ice th,_- tur.,inr ,rrllee.L
and the com.,re:isor: and fan i;tcel.le:: are
nounE.e,i on cpp()sii:e t-'nds cf a. commc>n
siraf --, turbine
rvhe:el rotatic:.r
r e s u - L t s . in
a c o r : , s s p o n o l n q ; r c > c a 1 : i o - rc f t h e
irncellr:rs . Thus;, t:he heilt enercv.
ref .asi:C frcm t.,re contDrr:sscr ai_r to the
tur.cj-nr: rveeel Fro!'ides 1:he nechanic;al
ene:agy 1'grfuired by tlie com:tressor t.o
frrr'-hor-

s \ J , , , t , L = >^ > rt Lh^e

a- :i r :- - ff :, r o m

t.he eng::ne,

The me<:ha.nlca1 en,rg), rr:quireC by the

com.lrrer;so.ris deri.veil p::imariLy
r.rc)m j:he
hear: enerrTy in the aj.r tror.<j_nq on t.he

,lor-,rnr:.r - i I .y f --rnr

urheo I

no

2'l

l\'

cHrrpiA

t!;e

expanii in<;
imping:es cn t:he
The coml:inat:lc:t
o:l c()nversj-on
oi heat errer(lr- Cc)
i:r a.i:'
nc:ch,i;rical
e:rer';rv ar:c c::ca::s'trt
vc>luliie cause!i a high recucl:io.:t in al::
-:e:rnpr:rature.
Thr: wcrk Icad i-n::OSe(i. c:l
'';her:1 bv tne comp.a)ssor
crre 1:ur3ine
_:s
-: I -": . F^; --. L:>ici the Scet:i <ti.
rc>ta::ior:
t'.i.th:-:r the rernqe of maxlnun
e:ii'ic:-en.lv

ic,rcc: e:rer;etl
bl,' the
cc,mpr:esr;eC aj.r.1s
it
vane!; o.5 t.ne tu::bi:re.

-odrrn*ir,n

l-ho

a.t_:
t..mp.,=u::r:re rec,.rirr=i tc maj.ntain the
cabin ternDer-.t.u::e,,s:thin es;tal:Li-slrei
:rd

i-r'rrnri:rr.a

'I
i-i
rrutl

+( -. 5_

zr{

T n e s ; o e < : d, c f r o t : a t - L o n i s d e t . 3 : : m i i t e , C b v
'-ire u'eightf lcw c>f air
( a f u.rc:ti()n ():'
a
c

!n. a
v Lz L. zr i

Air {-ycleff;lcl'in,:- Cperation

-f

_l b

ature
f hc

c: rr r! asr. r I

: i:r! q

th:rouqh

)
dpqi

nn

ai

nt-pq.:rtr5

the

+r --i.-e^

:nri

tr:rbine

'\ .' /"n- e^ i l -I /l

ar a
S

f, <
3l:iEe:f

-.

r.rhee.L anc
'W
- - : II I l

aS

:-j't(l

load ini>osttC bv the comp:ressor- Dur.iig

nclulati.on
cf t'!:e i:eni)er,1!urr: cclltrr> i
( n i.r.i n.1 \:aIt'e,.rl:U:l:i:.t:

1;; I r7o
vE lvg,t ,
c:rri.i-::g
p:ilsscr

Lv:arSS
sorite bleed
a::: b'"tcas:tes t:he
!u:::ire.
TL.er<::-o::e, i:::e c:cc.l-o::d is reiiuce:d,
as :-s ':iie

a-noun: cf e::ergi'
avaii-ac-':e tc> i::ive
:::t
tu::b:-ne rvhe:e1. Ccnseciie:li:J-y, wi.:i:. tire
col>f r l:
tu:': i ;re ope:at-1r..i a: a _Lc,i.,',=:.
s;e:ed , l-ess; etle:trv
is e-v:::ar:t.: { anri i_:e,
tenpe.raturr
o.: tee tu:birie
rii sc:iarr;e
v;i l-1 l:e hicrre::.
Ls coilDr)ssor
sl,.eeii i.-re:1uci:i/

cc;ol:essor

dj..scitar(;e 3t.est:u:i:
ai:a ev=nr:aiir'r;i--t
:e tire
p r ( : s s ' - : t : e, i . i h , : : r
sa;)e <1s cor.artss{-lr inl-e:
thi..s <:ccrrs,
a1 b'--Dass ,,:al.ve op,:ns :-i
insta,-*ed
be-*;ree:r tne hee.t etxcjte:ngre:::s,
anc tire ,lir
ci'cli:
nachine
is; b'z;rass;e:.,
vrii.J- r::cp

On otirer
ins-'arl.'ati,:ns
a conpross,3]:
by_cass;.ti:.1ve clpelts tc bvpass; a-_: ar-ould
r-he cc;n:::essor
a::l :>re'..ett c..-:3i::n,l a-,
Lne cc::c::esscr
i;tIe:tJverheat'

is prc!ird,:ci b',,
sensc)rs or ovet:cel}r)eriitu:ae
i n the co<tl.incy c'rcI,:. j
locai-ed
condi.tic)n
in the (:crmo]:esljcr I
or turbi-ne
inlet
<luct wi-LlI

prr)Lect:-on

tenDeraLure
.rhermost.;its
r\n r:vgrirsat
<>utIet duct
(talrqp

l-hp, n;rek

\/alve

tO

CIOSe

e : l e r : t r j - c a . 1 1 1 2w h e n s e n s ( ) r s a r e u s - d o r
!lnprtm^f

ir:l

rr

lrrr

11qin1^1 fh,rrmr.ltatli.

pace:jV

\#l

Air
Conditionlng

Nepal

21

ATA
CHAP:

TO GASPER
OUTLTS

++

MIXING

" ' r ' ,, ^ " r . , ' '

C H A M T ] ER

r{-i':

GASPER
FAtI

r TUREiNE
\ BY-PASS
vAL\'5
\

<\
roa
r Y A T R
S P A R A T O R
uPvLlrYu

AIR

l co ' r
t-

ANT14,urt)o

VALVE

"\\

0"Ll

\
f,))')')

t>v

l"o,
.^
iD

ARY
SECOND
,;,i,..i,'-,t::
'"i\'i rrjJ-;:
HEAT
E X C H A i J 6ER ,,'(;\Y;,::

WAT:R
SEFARATOR
Ar,rlr.rCE
VALVE

..lil,(a:

'i.

,lY.]:'.

P RI M A R Y
HEAT
EXCI]ANG ER

.itR r,ttx vALvEs

PACK
VALVE

coo-lNG
nrrTl trT
DOOR

T t&o
ArF '
{

l[l

J?]'.o11.*o^o,.

---'--

coLD AIR
AtR
cOrJCrTtgr1lD
EAIJAIR

+
=

AIR CONDITIONING
PACK

ti
INIT

COOLINGOIJTLET
DOOR/TURB
INE
BY-PASS VALVE
ACTUATOR

prcE:18

Air
A,1,A ?-11
cHAp:

Concliiliorlingl
A I R C Y I ] L TI ' , l A C H i N i

-)
L

tl
ll
tl
tl
E

r-JCUlNl\L
\ etr,etN';

\
\\

I
\L

<-4

=7

\l-

\l

IHTIJSI
EtAllltlG

LJ ou llNA

\J--

aernrH<

)\

) |

'

\_,on

COMPRESSOR
Ir{tEl

'brvP |t'l L't

A i r C y , : l eit' 1 a c h i r ,-e i l u i l d l t P
f rrrl- j-ne,

r . n a I i n| ,Jr

m
ha
I j lE

\. vv,l4l

aI .- i- r:

^ .- r/ ui r- i j n n i n d
l/ -. U

tenpora':r:r,= of
{L-l /r r

I , zr

n9 ..--vn r l i r i a

m
-c
a . i g

-i:n

rhc

i:;r

orov.Ldes

for

^ . v, g; o
r
i
u

a.

i c

:,.]'-

in.'

t:he
tirg

iie

:abl-:'I

iq

i rn:'e1l-er- assenclv
ai,r -Lnl=r- ani
inIe,:

tllt:

ar.d
outl()L.

S::C1l

a s s e : r b l i e s a - e E , o s : - it ( ) n e l i n - - h e
c3nt(:= ci Lhe, ti.rb:-ne assen;i-v over
\-urrrJ!

u,.lg

-cc.r'i.:fe:_161:

i,r. .rar:r=esscr e.i-r

The i:ur.:i ne scrc,il
tlre 1:ur.:ine nozzle
b.Lies a.rC .prcviies
i,r

1 a+-

rri

rtrf

=nC

OfOVi6]e

in.Le** and outlei..

is posit:onec
over
an<l ur.eeeiassenfo:: tr:rb: ne air

l c*

assenrbiy
T h e 1 : h r . : e - n r h e eI s ; r a . ft r o ' : a t i ; : g
c < > n s : - s t r so f a f a n i - r l p e : J - I r : r a s s e m b l y ,
trnd a turbine
c()mpr:es:or inpeller',
whee-- assenbly. The: shaf : is supcor"-ed
on Lwo ,air bearings; , one located betwr:en th,: turbj-ne whee-: assenbly and
s s c r i r , r p e : I I e : r, a n d t ' h e o t h e r
the <:om'ere
l < > c a 1 : e db e t w e e n t h r c o m p r e s s o r i n , p e - - l e r
a n d 1 : h e f a n i m p e I I e r r t r s s ' : n b I 1 r- A
.t,rrrFr'

a-en1-i

no

t'l-rrrcil- *

.'n'r.

- 1 --wj :n , 3

i r

nr-

Cn

:-.rst:.i.Ont:d

far.

^:

'dl'len

:<<:'nirlw

\-1Yocc,^-

( - J r i r J'

:ofi:Ce

Dasl-.s.

rlaalm

- - G . i

j-n

U,-il:-Ze'l

biereC ai.: s.r:f ici-en::-

ihe
cr:nl

a!] as; rlSguLreo

i:;

qvqiF)m'-r--

l--he a:r trea::incl

a:: i,cr opera.-rlO:: oi
s;cr<>I!
is s-erpp.!ieC frcn the tur:ine
E
a
s
s
agii:s !l
assen:.D1'/thrcrugii i:ri'ernal
the i:url:ine fiou:;:n'; anC int'e:ccn:rec':::'I:

j ?r-h -eO^ -! I r r Y

betwen lhe tu.rbine wheel

itrst;rlled
.r::serrbly and conrpr)ss()rimpeller
a{:cornmo,lates axiaL lotrds of the
r ( ) t a l : i n J a s s e m b l y . C o < > I e ',f p r e s s u . r i : : e d

:-s rcl:at'::''
bearl::g
uD Lretrwee:r l--':e
c:il-L
a f li-n
anc there' i:; n:>t
shai't- a::ld bea,ri::g
CC:ttalC-, oi nlr-':-.q 3al::S -::'':::1
a::'t
D'-r::::; s:c-:-:::';
cae:-i::,)n.
b
e
a:::n'l r
s
r
:
l
i
a
c
:
i
r
'
g
c
f
e
i
si.arl:in'3
a
::ri ::- i::::
:
:
c
c
c
c
c
e
s
ccn:.lc-s';::i:ice
i al n;ls l:e'e:t
:
a
t
e
r
be,ar:.ng su.ri:rce
'rl)3r
se, I ec:--e j f c= ti'r:-s t)'ce c:i ciuc'1 ,
vilLl' ber
a:lc sec:::-rg
f:-cn saart.inq
l
e ,nr:cl.ic.:-:
a

r;elf-a,ci:irg
<:f ai-r' is

F'c'Il)r ii;:i bal-'I:i ccnvenLio::ral

be
thelv irav'=
u
s
e
c
a
r
e
b<:arti:9rs
"c
. in t:lj.s ::;ia:lc :e:ar:i-i:s:; :::'n
L',:b:ic::ecl
-,.e 3eltel:
( na.:n rc>us:Lng )
s3cticl-r
'::le s;ha:lt ' C'iL
wicl<:s i:o
via
rlse::vcir
s.-' ;:gers tlc-* to :clve an air-'o''l- n:-=:
ti-irougr.
-,^:

q l r J

,tile

^ ^ ^ l i r I.4rl
! J U

r Y

bearings

io r

l - u i > r : - t : at l c ' n

sj-ghl g'luge:;1 'lf'd '

ports,
filt
Oil
m.:dnpt- i r- dr.a i n oltrg ilre crcrridr=i' fc'r
si:rvic:..n9.

pnGe:
19

Egtr Nepal

Conditioning

ffiAirlines

21

ATA
CHAP:

I'IACHINE
AiR CYCLE
Turbine scroll

-f!:
i

CompressorimPeller

oooo-

#*

Compressorinlet+t
oooo

Compressoroutlet
!r{ai;rhousingasiembly

Sump
Sump drain

-=
suPPoRr

)i

BRACKEl

t]

-:di3
\!-ia:l

\t/

!ll, i

Ii
ii

coMPRESSoR
h,4ii

olsct{ARGE /
o/H swtrcl.|-----l

\\-

\\tJl ro wiren

llllTlse pannton

;'lii,r tfYr U
1r*t

Er
,Nr
Q_,,tlftj_ij
_\:.=

.l jarq,

\=,

\\l

|\
I \
DSAIN
P LU G

zf-

//ljl

tlr
A!l

co r.i 'e E sso*\

'

\\.'\f

FIL.LER
FLUG

,.7

PAGta:
2o

\Hzl l,te,pat
Eltainin,=s

Air
Conditionlngl

i{ater SeParai:or
':he alr cyc)-e--rnacri-re
a r n u ff t ? '
j's
:'n:.,:.ttt
n"tI"=-inror-Lgh
in the: a:Lr at th
I
'
1
o
l
:
l
t
'
u
r
e
separa.suor
beq!:.ls; to ccndens;e.
reduce,d teml)erilture
is sc fj-ne'l-y a--onized
The cc:niensilce
:-tr
wii l j:ol Low aicns
, t h ; r t i -" ' ] " i t ' '
;;;";.,;
r
:
e
.Ll:rod
= a s':itarle
'Ihe
the a:-r 5;trrsard
i
t
:
'
anri crllect'
=
e
!
'
t
r
a
t
e
t
t
o
u
s
e
:
C
is
j's r'lserj' tc se'E:rai:e '
seI)arator
lr-a"t
n:olsture
-nd remorte i:!e "-:::.'^
colle':t
i:ne
air brefc>re it 9nte15
ii"*--ti"
'
distr j-b9'Eicn s;:zst-em

CoId

air

Ieaving

tul:n
maker a do'rble rev)rs'3
necess;ar:/ tr
T
i
r
e
'
the separa'Lo::
i-n oriier to Ieave
apl:rec!abtt-1':l'"t"
turn'ing iioes r'ot
hr:a:vierr
O:t"S
*-"=t
::l:ir
aj-r:f l<>w cut tne ':urn
ihe:
and rernaio:; i:r
carlnol: make iire
boticr'
the
' A Por:-u :Ln
co.Lle,:*- i on ch;rmb':r
mo:Ls-ur::
c
hanie:: aLlow:;
of t-he coll-ec::ron
The Inois'Lur'? drilin:;
to drair' orrerpoarC'
cl:eniriE
ccni"ecl:ed to an
througir a tros'e
cay fe'!r:Lr'g'
;rir conciiioning
;;-;;

sieptrraLor is a ty--lnrirical'
The uater
of a s;he'L! assemblv
;"*;;-;orrs-i:;ting
coielescer
pclyester
which' houses 'r
mr:-ual ba9
/ \ : r r ) . -.*i
a co::icallshe'Pe<1

l":t:l;;

AT,A, 2L1l
.*oo,

u bvpass vaLve asser:irllz'

ou:'-It:t
jot'''=- lh'e :-ni'=t and
;""."":;;;;
"q' s e c u r e s t h e b a g s u r p o l - t '
shel.Ls etnd
a colr)ct'rr
shell' contains
;;;-;;;t,-"t
cve::bo;rrc
an
and
, a baff l-e '
.;;;t
ror
boss is a'Lso Proviceii
;;;;--i\
ct:n-'rol'
of a anci-ice
the ins':allat'ion
sensing Probe:'

I 0:e l-ati o'l

fiorrna
anil i1:s sucpol:-- :re
The coales;ce:r bag
3i;i^ ^ - i n a l ' l w s h a p e d u l t h t h e s ; : r a^ l l - , , n r r r f !
uurr--u*-.-l
'
:
=
:
e
:
i
c
.
'
met)r e.i':he uEs---ea;:l
the bag :rnd has lcu"'er's
;;;,;-ir'5ir1e
xlcl:-cn :c
er rvlli:llng
shaped to rinpart
3nter!i
i t i)ass;es throrlga:.:t=
the ai:: as
the
o
f
c
u
:
;
i
i
r
:
'rrol:nd the
the sellaratcr
-'h::cu<;h tbe bag'
-ih<:n
o"l ,-n;.==es
tire cranl: a'r
the louve:ts ' As
anit"nn
th'= bae' *te bas :-s
throush
;;=;;;
of waLer a::e
and l"ar'le iroPrerts
;;;;;
wiih tht:
I'hes;e '3ropLets alc>ns
;;;;";.
LotLve::s
t
n
e
l
r
l
c:au:;ed to wh'irln
oj-str:re
a
n
i
" t ; - ; tt .h e s u P P ( ) r t ' A ' s t ' h e a i : r
6f
tn" separiltor'
:n"
I-.r,=- i.ntt'-ttln
heavre:r
force keeps the
ientri.fut;al
the louvers r-rnti'I !t
mo:-sttlre close' tc)
chamber"
reilche:s Ehe collc:ction
a
p
crox im;rteIy the:
I
r
:
f
'
baf
A <:yl:-ndrical
()utIet duct' e><tends
diilmel:er of Lhe
al the do\vnst'ream
insidr: the sei)ariltor
a'
r1[q wa,te]: atrd air wlrir'l-in<] in
enJ.
it
f
i
n
d
I
e
the b;rff
.rreaL?r di;'met:er than

'i)\,n.ce
D\/iJdJJ

\n- n
/ l /Pu fr ' aq t 'i |0 l l

r)r f::e'ezes '

iirty
icag be'cories too
If:
throu:Jh,I t-::e bElg
-uire"ire
riir may not pass
tc>
valve: a'Llows; ail:
fr:ee.Lv- Tbe nyp'is
tc> tjre
Ln': wat'r :tePilrat()r'
n,l==-int"u'gn
s''s-,em vrittroue - :t;:=''
d:Lstribut'on
icars' r'h'=
drror:sh tbe coa'Lescer
;,;;t;;
i
r
'
c
r
t:as':i'
o
f
result
v,alve crDIlS as a
P r e S S u f : e c i i f i e r e n t i a . L . 'tI"h; :e: "b:l^p: :a- s= s=., v a i } v E : .
opens .rs i1.t-:t"t:,.?:,
rii==o'en::Lat'

rirE

!j:'g-

-p.rreastsr u" 'l e: e

passe'ge cr
opens to al'Low
prcper vent'ila'tit>r'
sufj: ic.LenL air fo::
Thr: ba<j
--,i n:hin Dressur'izaticn'

.".;.tt.'i;"

i''iittu't"

cor'sis;ts."i u s9::incl

an indic:atc>r f:-sk
l.oacied plstc)n'
anrl a <;cL:t:
:-n a hcusir'g'
.,"..i"=.u
cc'alt:scr:r o;:qi b<:cot:es
r:od,ad ca!'' '/ls Ehe
arir:llos th:rough-ti:e
< 1 i r t l ' a n i i c ' L o g S e d'
a n d c a u s e s a n : - n c':I:leL'ea s e :
,;;; ;= re-ua:tdec
of the baq'
!n pre,sstrre upstrearn
ccncitj-on
ap-ol-led to tha bag
lt.-t=.,t.
inr:reases ' fo:rc:inci
piston
t"Jt.,r""'t
sh'afi' crlv/6'r(i
piston
':he
the dj-sk on tr'e
r v i n i o w s : c t ' : L c nc > f
the, rt:d:oIore'i
is
caP' W)rqn-"t!rg itisi<
inilicator
iorl"d vriLhi::t !hq- reci .coi'oqqi'
""sit
'
' i be rePl-acqg*'' J"
rhr?- 'll'lli=;;*;;i

;;';i,;" o! tirli:un,.1i^::li";:::,1
:'ff}''
Pu?:

prtlssure

d:-i!{:

rne
;;,#d!
.l

I
1 , , , r l oni;rririii inn<<; l
the 'cypass valv'3
;",.."-.t
p
o
:
'
t
r
(
)
r
r
'
a
tnt: varve c)pel1s and
;;;;;9,
t:hr<>ugh the vall'e
of th.e erj-r passes
th= baqt'
pe'ss:tng throuLgh
withc'ut f irst

,We Nepal

eryAirlines

..n
I,IATERSEPARATOR

)z''-n

C O N I CA L
COALESCER

C O V E RW I T H
BYPASS
VALVE

Ain'
CondrticnIng

f'frCt: 21

ATA

af,

1[

PAGI::27

Sl

Air
Condlitioninrg

Nepat'
lAtirltrl,S

-a

rilATER
SEPi\RAT0R

Ai\lTl-lCE

/\-l'/1' 21
cHAp:

;/

/,
// //

--.--,,( t ..t?"i
:lfJll"of
N
SENSO
\'------'.

C O N - i R O L L ER \
AN-TI.IC:E

/')

,r'

l'

Wi\TER S:PARATOR

^to

av^l

,.2)
v.4
/.n"r,i.,
-' - -'-ccrur-aol
VAL\/E

\ cr,

t-ttr | Al

S P l l l N G\
\

=?'(-{

"/

, , I V A T E RS E P A R h T O : ]
s ; H E t - Ll \ s s [ M B L Y

---zf'.o

siNSiRl'

\ l{--s*jl>l\iz=\]i

:\x

1#-*ll\-

-r-{ \.

,d=4'

EYPA.SS
VAL\/E
ASSEI'.4
B L.Y

\:t'--J
-i5-r

ii*F*.<**aH:
\$gret$
*{P.r."i;

(=\*i
.-1=\{i

.\'",

/ \

$fEP
KS{Zi
i

f;-(

lF-z'

\i_f

)1

tr'r

\ o'/ E,RBonBD
D tI\IN

pacet23

Conditioning
STPARATOR

it
IVL!

lt
lt:ia

1
B A GC O N O I T I O N
RE O U T L E T
COALESC
INDICATOR

LECTOR

-:;;--r-1-uuu\

;i-i-----\Jt.LJl.

----r-t--\J\_i

L.J

-----_::_...yl

=======;r-l;

-al.f.VALVE
BYPASS

SE:=S3=====

Il

COALESCER
SUPPOflT
, o ,R I N G

OR A I N
ORIFICE

lc, otsc*lng:=4
pR:ssuR!
tri0rcAT.R ;;;-;;;',DrFFIp:NTrAr-

Air
,Conditioning

B;trNeptxl

EEi9Airiines
ANTi

PACiE:2.11

2'l

AliA
.FIAP:

SYSTEI',l

-tl-L

RAM

AIR CYCLT:
MACH]NE

SEPARATOFT
Al\

r t.t\, E

vtwe 2rq

l.l^+^HdLUI

o'.^-F^rnlJUiJcldL-

SECONOARY
H:AT
E)(CHANGER
PRTMARy'-i;*.
HEAT
EXCH',NGER

FfpoZ
v L r ,i ,n: r r

P
rnf or^f 1nn
I I VLUULI.UJI

l,loj-sture
!i J

nkqep n
u

i-

enteri.nq
!f . L rv n
u

-f !reo
u .o. Ll iL t \ ,

the
nrr

water
ph. -l

rr

qr

s;epi1ra.:or
q. rr .!. u f - - if -. C { l

control
s'/stem. A senso.r in t.he wa:er
separator
and a cc)ntt-ol unit requlitLe
a conLrol
valve i::r a dur:i, between .l:he
hr:at exche.ng:r r:xit and -.he:
Frimari
'nrater rsepilrator
ir:.let.
:fhe val-ver
opens --o ildd warm air aL t:le turbine
discha::ge point.
T'he va--ve will
modulal:e t:o rnai:ntain a tem.peratu.re
above :1ree:zing goint
in thr: water
separal:or..

Sa.me systrms use

witte.r sepa.rat:or

a. thernrostat

cc)nr:rorvarve,;"::,"::]l:,li.tnlt"

i:r

the:

.rnri-i c(l

$'9 Nepat
ffiffAirlines

1AGFj.:76

Ain

\rU Nep'at
Ai'lines

=9

l
C
v-u un
l l n IL rr n

TI o
g lr: n
l pn
( :rl : r ^o fLtu l t r e
\1
- n n FL !r r .Jl: I . - . rIv : r c
t-(Jll

Conclitiorling

mr)cF,rl-llrp
f! p
srr'!zv

te h
r . ge

in

In a tvpical
applicat,j-on of the :le(:t.ro-nic Li:nnDerature 3on t:()I :iys tem , thrr:e
un:Lts are uti:-iz,:d:
C ; J r i r 1 t , 3 m p e : -f L t u : i e

thr_'

cabin is acccmoli.shed ,:y cor.tr<)II:-ng

the proo()r-Lion oi: hot ,nnd cold ai::
n
u ua[ m
r r ri n
r Jr

f'-om

pa(:k.

each

When

thct

'1-ire 31a'

hw::qq

! w t q J J

6'

6vr-i

Ol:

,:vqi-crn

: > l J u s u -

T'hp

qwi

na'-k

+_- _
o -- '.-, J r a . : u r r :

re{luia'tc,r.

t-cir

aiI

aif

nUgl

tviltv\, I qLut\-

\Q
J uotnt Jc\ n
, ,r/ l
i

in ProPer
lat.er
is re:omi>ined
col-d air
at. tire tnix
with
propo:rtlons
ehamlrsr
The oosi.tion
of the m:-x ./alve
rienen,-l q on s i ona.l s i:rom the
tertpe::aLure
-L .J nl l 1L 4- t J ! r . i

-l-onrnor2fnr-A

lu-c:rrlh. /l rnr r

bv
h()t

't"ir:S

q'Js1-em.

Ft:nrrr'l

s e : L e c: o r , a . n d e l ' : c t r o r r i c

a.i-r

temperraturr:
a;noqn|

(l- herm'qi-.rr\
ve-,,

nir-kttrr

ccndi ticrlinE pack.s .rre oDerE.ti:rg, aiI

and overheilt
temperalrtre control
are acti.vai:ed,. An
circuj.ts
protect'i()n
,
/
a
l
v
e
,
d
o
w
n
:
;
trr3am of, tire pack
m
i
x
air
r r r ' l r r a | r- .r-' Yo r r I a t - e s
callin
-: r^,,j-a lar n
d= e
r f -ug! , I l e : d
d:IUWllr9

121

ATI\
cH!.P:

The cabin tgm:reratLrre sensor c;onsisis;

of a resistor
that is highly s;ensiti\ze
to temce:ratur{: charrge:i - 'Ihe te,mperaEure
se:nsor u.nit-- !is usuErll-\/ Irrcatei. in t.eer
capin or cerbin air
sulrcl'y ouct.. l\s iire
te:lperaturer
o:f the ai:: s:rppIy cheing:r:s;,
the resi-st;Lncr: valu.e of ihe sensor i1l.s,f,
^L
--^
g-l'alq=>

bg

'ir th,c ol.i n.)sificn

t-n ()rder to ha.re
g
o
w
e
r
the temFerertul:e
t
o
elect.rical
t
e
r
n
c
e
r
e
i
iu::e control
a
n
l
selec:o:
systern.

UlLq>

ac:.QSS the

Ua*v-.-.:

Sensor

l-ornnor:frrr.,

q_Lr!

, vreuJC:

tc; <:ha:rge.

c!)nSCf

iS

Th':

ca])i.n
.:V13,3

::hefmiS.EC)f

unj-t. As tlie ambient lsrnperature

of th{3
resis i.ance bu,:b increerse:;, the :rrsist.a:tce
of thr= bult, decr3ases
I

I
l-lrrrin,r

:rri-nrr:J-in

uq_! t r \ j

-^^,.
t r!^a: q u!(1 LUi.

nner:i-inn

h , 1 n r !i F
L v^ !r q r
uIJf

r.nni-rnl

Ior/

!.vrrr,4v-!s!/

tl F
. Emr rr r) fC/ Lr a! t l r r o . l

4;16]

?-anositions th: m.ix va:l-ve to ketep ih,e

ternpe::atttre at the selectr=d ler,'e1.. T.:e
sicJnals
regul,itorr rr-3ceives its co:rtroI
from :;ens;ors I(lcated in tl:ie
m.rnicabin anci the main distrilluti-or:
fold n;)nrt.a l

f ) r r r i + l l n\ Jr t
v q!

i ^ : r .u-: -- -^ . -=1u
l>
col

an'-ar

rnn

i t-^rl

'ia'ro
--

,rncrat

,.:

inrr''i
,-:hi

t-he

i ort -

irolled

.-r-v

c:t
r

bv
i rro

mi X

thc

=rrq.|- onr
-lf

aottio

ncrrmi

rr-c

r.:l-.
,

duct

supply
n^q.i

i-.: --

n:ai;rl.i

telnPeratur]

l " ' 1 c t ni

ittri:rq

\/aIi/g

ieu.ll)e:,1cure

! . $ v . i 1 ^

r,.i I I

rnanual

nc,de onFr-:f.rc,n.

\e

ree1q j.5g1j

ControlSt/stenr
Temperature
The og>era.ticln <>f Ehe electrortic
systenr i:; based
iempe:-ature corltrol
nrim:r'i

lv

orr fi'te

i r a l a n r_ -_ cs n - - -v h
o
! r i t^q ^
ys

cj-rcuj.t Frincil)le.
, ,L i ^L
wrlrglr

Lvtr,JU:rc

..'ie
\_l1u

When any of
t,

aI - .: c, Jt q , '

r! /r ! f

.-lre
_Ile

the

l\ir
fill

The air
lo,:ated
ne

(lOlcnf,r.)trrCLLUl

tenpe.ratur) selectcr
i.s
in th,: conttro.L cabi-n. It

l- q

mi

To,tlf'tpf'Aftt. )
l J l l r y : r . . rc r L u r v

qo

j pcFi

rra

f om.ror=f

rrra

aatr,|-r.rl

by varying
the efferct:i-ve temprra':ur,3
co:rir:I
poj.nt of tlLe <:abin air te::o,:picl:up unit,
ra:ur:
Tj:e select.or carls;es
thr: cabin t:eml)eratu.re Di:kup unit: cr:
delnan,l a sE)ec:Lfic t.emDerilture of tnr=
qtlrln

| ".,

1f

i r

and rnix veLlvr:

.-O-

- - - -i .n^o :

ic

f,:hirr
\,CUIll

urritl:

.^rriF,
UdtJlll

A i e
HII

T^.1na-f)+ltfC\
ltjllrpvr uLur

\.

f- n- rnrtu- lr(-J^ Il

n^,r,,1^+^-

nulru 1d LUr
'Ihe ca.bin air

tenpe::ature

cc)nt:rol

ronrr

av aJ -r '. , J- i 'u! 'rr.^v- L 4i var n. .

'*. -' i. r r. ,1 - '

.l : f nr-

.i- -n.

l-ohnoytirrro

<o l or.l-n'-

I pmncrai-rrFF

sFhGrrF

rnA

{-hc'

^rrt--rat

t.hg

: iv

i c:

ai:r

irra+

l I rr

nlaintains;
the tenrperature
o{: t}r. a:-r
r3ntering thr: cabin rit a Freseloct.ci
'7a1ue

h r_ 4 ei _A, er r o
_

circuj.t c-hange re:;isEance va-Lue because of a t.emr)eratu:re cheLnge, the

bridge circLLit be<:omr:sunt)al.1nc3d. ArL
electronic
regLrIal:or receives
a.n
electrical
sigr:ral as a result
oE thisr
u n b a l a n c e a n d e . m p - - i f . L e st h i s
siqnal
to
control
the mix,incl val-ve actuator.

'Fho

nrrf

nrri-

zr

.|.rc

ronrr'l

rt-nr

nnrrf

lr3lg

:he posit.ion of the butterfly

:.n ttre
rnixing verlve, thus controlli.ng
the
' - c m n e r a t r- r e n t h e : _ n I = t a i r t < > t . e e l
(:abin.

|
i

P^Gt-:
7t

l\iir

',2:'
Ar'T',,4t 1
cH,lP:

Condiitioning

SY
L STEI'I
Z O N ET T M P E R A T UCROEN T F I O

t= i

AFT CAEIN

IL

V
tv
l(

zoArE
TEIYIP
COf\rTRC)LLE,R

D
u

r4'Gi\\,
tl
il ///*i XltY"\'
---'1
ilT-"c
\\\' I U
L.^^/
\\\ e.\. )+,{<^
[q ,,\'""it
2 \\
./,r7

tl(
tl

ll >*21/
'l

tl

tl

COLD

il

tl

MATJIFOLD

TEMPERI.TUfIE
c o N TR O r . ! , AL V E
HOT

tl

tl

tl

MAI.IIFOLD

IL

la
iq
PACK2
TEMP
(loN'i-FloLLE a

I
I to aouttnGc,urLET
I DO,OR
/TUF|BINE
{I ev- elss leuvr
ACTUATOR

pnce:23

Air
Conditioning

\ * Nepat
etrAirlines

ATA
.HAP:

21

TEI'IPERATURE
CONTROL
ON

-l

CONI

CADIN

PAsS CASIN

AIR TEMP
R PACX

AIR MIX
VALVE

I
-,I

l!
jil

rlsv
AC

o
OFF
PACK
SWITCH

SIGNAL FROM TEMP

S EL E C T O R .
VARIESWITH
T E M P E R A T UE
RS
qtrl trr-rcrr

MANUAL
MODE

-- T
SE
Ef . , 4 P E R A T R E
LECTOR

S IG N A L F R O M C A E I N S E N S O R .
S E N S E S E X I S T I N GC A B I N T E M P I

SIGNALTO MIX.VALVE.
M O D U L A T E SI T T O
A T T A I T JO R N 1 A I I . J T A I N
S E L E C T E DT E M P E R A T U R E
'a'

}IIXING VALVE

/aJ l-

P:

TEMPERATURE
CONTROLLER

HOT VALVE

COLD VALVE

POSTTTON
T R A N S M If T E R

S . I G N A LF R O M D U f i
A N T I C I P A T O RS E N S O R .
S E N S E SR A P I D C H A N G E S
I N S U P P L YD U C T T E M P :
( M O D U L A T E SM I X V A L V : )
S I G N A L FROId DUCT LlfvllT
S E N S O R . ( D R I V E SM I X V A L V E

FULL.COLD}

tAti:r': 30

Air
Conditiionin'g

21

ATI\
CHAP:

H OT

rRl

11
I
I

I.ING PACK:
C:OO

VAI_VE

f,nlXlNG
CHAMBE:R

COOL AIF +-'

C O N D II O N E D
AIR
TO
CABINI;

Air lllx Valve

The aj-r nix valver f<lr each paci< c'cntbi;:e

hot arrd col,i air in a mixingl ci:aebe:r

i,s :i-n 'effect: trvo

The ni:r valve
b
u
t
i
e
:
::f --y-type val'zes r^rith
connec'Lei
o
P
e
r
:at(:d .cY the: s,ure
s36h f,=ing
m
o
u
n
t
s
; on a flancre <>i the hot
actuat(fr
-nttert
tht: c':mrnon shaf t.
drive
valve to
'uhe hot valve butLerfly
i s ; i - t : . ] - l -o ! : ' e n , '
c
l
osed and t"i<:e
i
s
f
u
l
l
the ccld valve
m
oves tcv"ard
v
a
l
v
e
h
o
t
versa. As th.e
r
n
o
v
: s1 > r c 9 o r ; i c l n v
t
r
l
v
s
close, the coldi
A
v
a
l
v
e
t':ward oP<:n.
Po:;ition
ally
j-s <:on:necteii t() the
potentiometer
from the
opposiEe end of tire shaft

nL
nU
a rl ict : ! l r ( Ji n r r
a- u

nanf rn l

c:hi

n .

\/isJa1

irroir:a--cr

is

also l,rcated. on the actuat'-or between

the poEentic rne:tel: and the crlld valvt:
body.
Iimit
swi-tch.es in
housin,S intrruPt
actuat,3r mot.or at
of travel.

the actllator
ge l--he
current
ext:remetiy
either

^^'-&i
^>s -Llrr\.1

iLi lJl - h c L l l g

^c
ul

-'^^
Lrrt:

CCftt:::>i

'labin

tenloe-:a:::-e
noC::
I'n the AU|IO Lerpel:atlrre
seleci:br.
Di't.::3
:he n::.x 'zalves a1'e ()perated
or

cacin

-6rn6'-:

i;rnirts;

:I1P

-'

passengrr

nrro

c- -l -n- t- :yU. Ia. Ll g ! ,

fr:cm

the

I or

uw h
r r i_ \ - r' -I 'h_ J E: >: " -

resDec+s]-ve

t:einp,=ailJri:

select.or an,J cabl-n :emperatllre se:ls;or.,

T h e A L I T Ot e i n p e r a t : u r r : c o n t r o l - l e : : : s b y passeci wiren the t-em:)eratu=e se.i-ec:c;r
in I'LriiVUj\l.
!s cpe,ra[ed

i-{^t-

nncltrr:1-

- a

tt

a_ iM . U W : >
_

Lrr!Vsrjrr

-L

-the

hc i

t:o ':he nixir:g

inix valve d::re:tly
,:harnber. Pneumatic etir that f lovrs to i.h'e
':oI'i mix val-ve is pr:ocr:ssed t-rrou:;h il
'Eh.e
,:ooling cyc--e and then delive reid l:o
'-ivina

nF:mlrer

Conditioning
I"1iXI NG VALVE

vnLq\
lf4n rx
R:\
(!tt

lc/a I Oa
vrtw
l)

xtxlNG

ilOT LIINiTS\A/ITCH

COLD LIAAIT

swncH

i.r,cToF.
NEDUCTION
GEARSYSIETA

HCT BtifiEi,ttY

ernruow$
VAL\f HOI.'SING

cot,FuNGs|lAFT

^rnruowI

COLD BUTTEP.FLY

ELECTRJCAL

CONNECTOR

Woival-ve

P OS m O!' {
TNAT{S,MTNER

ATA
CHAP:

21

PA<;Ei
5:

,Air
Con'diitioning

121

l\Tl\
.HAP:

VALVI:

IPLE,I3-ilAY

/ \ tR M t l ;
\/ALVI
HOT

cllt0
AIR

Atn

VYATER
RATOff
SEPA
'
t::
l" -1.-

t;.'-.
ti ---.:

A , fI i R
c"!rrr

mnliiiirr:

VVATER
t:i

t,
rl
t<

I : --',

*+ .::.
:.-

SEPARAIOR
A N T ll C F
I'ALVE

F:.:
l.- :

l.
+i
t

ta
!l

!' a

i.

I'

i4

r..l

:.

r'-.-:
--i:
i.

F: ii

a-'l

Nri:

l:

I :.i

l;

.i[11$ii:i
r-<Ji_'=
f)1
I

=ar

i-'I
I'z'
r-|
T,:S
'4\*-i
\{ 7: ::: :'--i1

L-i.n
P / \ C KV A L V E

av

:-tt V

cl

OLIN
N

2l.l^.,

)'-lldY

4iv.

It4irz

llIA

/ 1I l

\/-'lrrn

Orrc

v c lI V t r

an air r1i-x va.Lve

Orr scne in:;ta.Ilaticns
is
wi.th thr:ee i-nle-us and one oJtlet
ar: niunell
usied. Ttrosel i::1ets
o cold eLir - --he air comes fro;m t.he
(lutlet
of: the ,3.ir cy'cl(l
mac.irine,/r^fat()r .iep ar ator
o warm arir - "-he air i.s takr:n frcm l:he
outlet
of the :;ec,)nd. h:at
.rv-iandaT

r-rrnla

o hot

ai.r

hctn'-o

1-he turbine
-

,rnf

ori

na

th,3 air

m:rhino

1-hi,= aj-r
z-nmrrnnon,|.

of

ha:;

not

jfassecl

n{:

l-}ra

,-nn

a:r:/

nn

cyc.Le and equa.Ls the aj.r

ther a:Lr (:onditiorlentering
:Lng system f:rorn the pneur'tat,:Lcsystenl .

i <

;-::r:'-r-

L..L!^-lil

i--.-

-^-*^l

nc;virro
rL:.

a.r-:

'l-he
tsi--

^i-^.,^

sllows

a.s ;i .s3In_Dreac1:ua:cr

--.-1,-^
-V (41 v

*.^^:r^a^-^
^L,U> -L L:

Jrr>.

:i'vsz:
-:-^

',',:L'i'3
--:--+

la;s::::::1

v s.

\el

pace:Z3

Air
Conditioning

Nepal

ffiFnirlines

ATA
CHAP:

3 - I , I A YA I R I ' I i X V A L V E

OUTPUT

LiJ

LI.J

VALV5

I N T ER M E D I A T E
VALVE
VALVE
VALVE
POSlTlOt,l
T R A N S I . 4 I T T ER

ELECTRIC
l'1OTOR

,.'

COtD ^F rLOw
ftOM

wAltl

t! PAr al O.

ffi):t "1,
rP-

s.
rd,

!.-'''

\ \).
\ \-r'
\

i.1.\

art..

\t'xctt Alr t LOw H

t rO.4 HOI
arl llN[

.,,4
.'
v d l^lll
rt !li t or

tvlltglDt^tt
an f !Ov/
tlCH Hl al
I tC h^l{6 I I

21

p a < ; e : :1

\Str Atepa,l
E==/Airlines

,Alir

Condi;tionilng

'rAP:A'rfA

. l - l l A Y r \ l R 1 4 I XV A L \ / E

iliN:

r'<'
I /.:

4
|'/

rNltr}rtot^:t
^nttOY/
trOM

H[ al

t rC haf{C;

I t

1?.1

,f \-' 4 rlepat

ATA 21

Conditioning

ffi+.94 irlines

A r R ,l ' 1 l XVA L V E

PUT

3?IR

INTE RMEDIATE
VALVE

VALVE
POSITIoN
T R A N S [ 4 I T T ER

C O L O^ n f r o w
t rOM walt r
5 fP ^ e a l o e
. f^.
..t,.Q
i. t:.

/\,",,.^,
?L^l{

\j-"r'

iti
hOt AfI t LOw
t r6s xOl
Atl ttN[

\ x | 1..
':..:.

l\

1..:"i\
.....,.' ,,.t..."',/
,/

vrtraltt

rtsttrcf r

an t lovl
tros Htal
t xCh^NGI I

,/

ND
TH t I
rdDlCal ldo

!wrrCxll
sOlO.

'.'.1
'
l,/ lNrtrltol^tt

---\\

PAGT:35

\gl

Nepal

ffiTAinines

Air
Conditioning

Vai'Ye
Turbl.neBYPass

w:Lll occur'

V A I . V ES Y S T E i ' l
INi. E'/PASS

there is no ai'r
On sorne instal-Ial:ions
bypass;
turbine
a
mi:r valve useil , l>ut
t
h
is v;rlvt:
c
l
o
s
;
i
n
r
;
valve. By openincJ or
'
a
'j'r c1'cIt-'
t
i
r
e
p
a
s
s
i
n
g
;
th,e amount of ai::
'
a
nd tltus
:Ls controllr:d
machi::te turbine
j
s
r
:
o
c
l
e
d oclvrn
the a:ncunt of aj-:: which
l
e
trel"
p
c
i
:
:
r
t
to aP?roxin'ra-'el f::ee':'ng
i
c
c
a
i
r
olr-ed
s
v
a
l
v
e
bypa:;s
the lilrbine
j
t
h
s
)tstecl
a
j
r
r
a
m
the
w
in coniunction
:
i
:
c
u
i
t
by the tem;reratu:re coritr(>l
i n e L u t c >o . r m a n u i a i r r o r f e - I f w ; r r m : r
either
the'
air is reqtres'*-ed to tlre <:abin
( rarn air
bv;ras:; valve vril'L open
turbine
t'o
ooors wi..ll close resp)ct'Lvely I
a(:ross
reduced thel atnou.nt of ai:: flotri;rqi'
n
a
c
h
r
i
n
i:'
the tur.rrinel of the ai:: cycle
w
i
I
I
Iess col.d. eiir anC n'orLhot air
in.crease: tire :nixed ai:: tr:mperatur:e of
.Lhe viate::
throuclh
th.e aj.r flowing
ai-r :nanis:paratc)r :Lnt3 the condi':ioned
i
:
;
r'equested th':
tc,1a- ri: colder air
or)posite

21
,A'f',Ft

:J

;affi...
\-/ v{,/E

tlAq

il

(-.-- ii
\

\r-r
\
:l
i'l
'li',1
/tl | .l
t'
/

rL{) i}?i"
vr\i

ri:7

GRF^fO

___

|
I

Ci0EN T R O L
:l0Ni:T i : M P t R A T U F

FLIGHT DE,:K

TRlf,l Alli
V A L V ES i 4 )
TRll,l

Alil

l " l A r . l t Fo L c )
C O l . l O l T l O N i : DA i f f
M A NI F O - C r

l_-_'

T R ' M T , I F I.
PRESSUI]E
FIEGIJLATOF
vAl-vE:; (2 )

(:})
F L C ) W C O N T R O L V A L . / ES:
i
i
I

II
I

P^Gt 3 6

Nepal

\#

Conditioning

reFAirlines

ATA
CHAP:

21

I znrr: rFt.tprRATtjR
c 0i N T R o L
i

Lvllg

tt';'

lLrrr

Lr\irrv'

Nt : - i

FRON|
PACK
+
AD
I R M A N IF O L D
COI..JDITIONE

T R IM
AIR

l---=.'
I

t'-tj
L*--l

;:l

,
'7 a\t'|tr
-v

r r u

)
-

7n\!

:s'used on large::
This system nornalll'
p
r
o
v
:-des a meihoC for
only and
alrcraft
the ternpera:uie of single areas/
raising
zones in the cabirr above the tenperd"uur
of -the air coming ou+- of tne cacks or
air manif cld respec*'iveJ'y '
conditioned
r
e
a
s
on a seccnd air manifold
For this
i g , . . i g . . s . t , q . l - l e di n t i r e a i : c o n o i t l o n i n g
-t.r i m - ar!
vb:gh". ..] 9* "94-l-*19i1'"
-s:[s!em,
t
h
is manif o1d
n
r
'
:
o
i
n i n i f o l d .* c l n-t F
t o. li lref clio r - '
:
;
'
:
P
a
r
a
t
e
rY bY
;;;-'b.
a
i
r valves'
t
r
i
m
T"{tinopening or closing

.+ir--l:"*t*eLq:"jlss.g!:35-9-9*-q*-*--c-F'rvv.alve''.gno
beh14d..the pack/-f loq "contror

tnerefore
to
aoiei
^^-:i

rinnazi

it
ihe

This
is hot air'
f
lows
w
i
r
i
c
h
air,
*^ -i -r

h-h.i
f n l r i l - h r obt ^r _o vne : "
rllalr!!v:s

arr
f rom

-uhe cabin zones'

ducts ir:--o
cis',r:-iutlcr
The arrcunt of air is con'-rolJ'ed by zone
trim valves vrhich again are controlled
sysfemi
hr.' r-ho tcmD{?rature ccntrol
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
c
a
b
i
n
s
e
P
a
r
a
t
e
case
:r this
s.iLec-lors for each zone are installed
and vrith those the air
in tire cockpit
temperature and
manifold
cr:lditioned
t
e
rnPerature are
z
o
n
e
individualtht
selec ted .

PasE:.:,j-7

/{in
Condillioning

Wd Nepat

EE9.A irlines

',2,1
A,-f1tr,.
cH,\p:

II

A ] : RC : O i I DI iO
T N I N GD ] . S T I l I B UOTNI

H EA0_ Dr-srFr
rBLrrJq!

II

Jlulr_l
'TRIP
OFF
R PACF:
R DUC'I-r3\/flT

L.Y.,

C1T

T0 GlrSPtlF

oLrTt-Et's
C 1 3 N D l T l Oi l:JD
AIR CART
c0NruEcflol\t

trl

r,l'

L:il

[/il )(l NG
CH,AMBER

t>
(RIGHT
PAcK)

(LE:FT
PACK)

4
tl

Ho'i'AlR
&wz
c
o L DA r R
&=Z
AD
IF
, &ru ,? c:o N D tT ION E

Cr o ur d C a i r t C r l i l f l ot c1c n

tloned A1r llis;tribut;ort

Condi
/ o ^--.

l n \

\ .J d t l t ! ,1 u /

dn

Cordi::ioned ai r 1.ea'rinE the i:i:<::::

ch,amb<:rsis cc'llercted !n the main
suc:,IY du:--- ?fre
distr:Lbution
be
telnper:at:tre of tf,e ;rir will
to th'e seLt-incJ of
related
di:rectly
te:lpe::ature se lecrtor:s nr.f

e..t i -n

the

ucr *'] vqr q9l1p

g:re9+fS .hi sI : f J,[el *t np--.s
g*the-.gp::f gef i -a.!si
t.*wl.r l, 9aLl"i
h.e-,1
. P1*
rr:

I rra

l-A

-l,aqa

L _

' r ' r '

' r

" r

e
L Jarr. '- d- i ' - i n n i r n

can be ciis|ribut.ed.
a j-rplanel .

i s nrovi

i _

: i. r! !
d

t- . -r .i -:, --

n
J'ifl'

Ci str rbr,ttir:r;
to the: nilin
connecterd
qrrnnl w rluc':, so t-ha1: preconi.it:-cnr:i.

oecl CV
i-n Lhe
ternpet:at:r-ta =aa=a,as lo,:ated
in
Aj:l c,ve::he,3.t corrdit--io:r
supplrz drct.
cause the appt:cprrate
wiII
surply
drct
colg*
A
to full
to drive
mi:x valv,:s
Orr,.rhr':f

-rnrrnri
j:
e Ll.l,Ill

t-he

throuqhc'ut

thr:

.:a)

aj-

PAGE:

Conditioning

ATA
CHAP;

21

IT TOruiiiCDI STRJBUTI ON
Al R CTI'iD
AFT AIR
OUTLET

FL E X IBL E
D U C TP A N E L
OVERHEAD
S L J P P LD
YU C T S

FORWARD
AIR OUTLET

[ \ N A I ND I S T R I B U T I O N
M A NI F O L D

MIXING
CHAMBERS
C O N T R O LC A B I N
D I S T R I B U T I O ND U C T

DRAINTO
EOUIPMENT
C O O L I N GS Y S T E M

.^.^or

UCJPtrl

Arirr
n

S
v rv S t e i ' i t

provioes.:-;:d:viTne gasper air s:"s--etn

cool air outLeis for
.ainttu'nte
l""fiy
passenge: ' and
each trevrmember , each
ci l-ow
Unier conlitions
each lavatory'
o
p
e
r
a
t
r
c
n)
supply (-'axl and one*'paek
ON
placeo
be
fan sl'rj't'cli ma-v
tfr.- gatp.r
a
i
r
in the Easper
to increase alrflow
s
Y
s
i
e
r
n
'
iistribuiion
that being
This alr is colder ihan
conditioning
a
l
r
t
h
e
n
a
i
n
supplied by
nozz\e at each'
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
m
o
v
a
b
l
e
R
tyti.t.
can chanqe i'he
crew and Passenger outlet
a n d a m c r u n Lo f a i - r s t r e a m "
direction

38

l-'1
p,qc;e:
55

,Alir
Condi'tioning

21

l\Tl\
cl{A,P;

. OTBJI{-AJR
DISI'RII]UTION

F R O I Ut u 1 A l l \
DISTRIEUTIOT\I
FOLD
l/iAN,(

/U^U,l1l Lnl f r ^V ! I

Ouerhee.d <iifr-users; a::e !ocat)o r:n':r.e

f\ /' u: ls': r l i n

aant

(lockD:c

cice:; ;rct
S:-ncei t'ire
supply
a
i
:
'
the c:on<lit.i-onec
:rorral
p
,
r
c
k
o
u
r
r
r
t
q
tire l.ef1:

rec'ui::e
provicied

aI1.
b1
o5'e:i::icn,
uril-L be
of thr: lefc
o.trt
P'ck output
s
u
:
c
'I:'
and
r
:
g
i
i
t
rn:-xeil w:LLh the
]:ack
'
:
h
e
=

r
i
'
l
g
{
l
r
c
a
b
i
n
p
a
s
r()uc:d i:o
r:abi-n
ccntrol
ior--'he
Cc>ndi.ti<:nerf air
t
.
'
h
i
<
:h enil
r
i
s
e
r
s
bt:anc:he:; ii:Ito se'/er:al
f
c
o
t
.
l
t
:
veI
a
n
i
cerli.ng
al: tlie ::loor,
on tl.e
d
i
f
f
u
s
e
r
s
a
i
:
r
There are
otrtle:ts.
c
e
.
n
n
<
>
c be
T
h
e
y
s
e
r
a
t
f.Loo:: uttde:r each
i
n
u
<
>
u
sI y
c
c
n
t
l
o
v
s
i
r
f
and a
contr:ol-Led
j
.
f
p
r
c
s
s
t
:
r
i
z
eil .
i
s
o
L
d
n
'
a
n
ar; long as the

-at

1na

T.rere i.s zrlso a d.ual purposr= va-Lve be

hind the ::ud,ler pe,da-! of ea':i-r p.Llo':.
tlah oro

ilre

r: r

ni

'l

rro

Ini-<;

nrr

r-JVt.Oe

fr>pj-

arrt'

tfa.rml_n(; a1l:
':o-

ricf,rrrci

rra

ror
'-ho

i:rside of thr= windsh:.eI,]s.

ilerch va-Lve
ir: ccntrol-1ed by knobs locaied <>n i:he
C,rptain's antl FirEt Of f icer's; p;ine-L
rr:spectively.

P^cE:4o

\er_gNepat

ffiFAirlines

F00T

Conditioning

ATA
CHAP:

'''r:\Rl'iIR

W I N D S H I E L DA I R
LOWER
INSTRUMENT
PA,NEL
HOLE FOR COI{DITIONED
AIR TO INSTRUMENTS
ON THE MAIN PANEL

TO WINDSHIELD
DUCT

CLOSED
POSITION
ITYPICAL}
OPEN
POSITION

F O O TW A R M E R
OUTLET

5rnil\\J

RETAI N E R

21

,n<;etr',L

Sgll Nepal
El-lTtlirlirtes;

Conclitioningl

A-fA.
cH!.p:
"2'1

A I i ' . D i S T RB] U ' i i C N

T.BIN
PAS:;EN3C
ER

covE ou'iLE'r oflL.Y

I

',.,

.l

fi'fv/'

i 'i
'/, \\ . _ / / , ' .
, l;
\ ' \ * - /\ : t t , u ; ;ti)\ _ _ r '
\r

----t-

DI STRIEIJTICI'I MA,I'II FOL,D

Dl.icT A!;sEl\48t-Y

O \ , ' E R l { E A 0O U Tt - E T O f ' l l - Y

r Cab1n
Pass;enge
The 1>asseogr c::!i;: s':p:lv ir:;--r'ibu:ic'n
cf th': nain d:'st::i-cut-'
s;gst<:n:onsists
anci al1 o!'err
j
s
e:: ir:cts,
ir>n roanifold,
c
r
u
c
i
.
hr=ad distribu.tion
qtugts rlc uP ihe: wall
of
t
o
a
i
:
:
s
u
D
F
'
I
y
t
'
r
c
a
r
b
i
i
'
I
L)re 1:assenger
iuct:'
tl:re <>verhead dis;trj-bution

FIex:LbIe

riser

T.re <>verhead dit;1--r,LbuLion cuct: r<>utes

tc ih-' passencrer cabirL'
c,cnC.Ltj-cned air
to the
thr: f crwari
f
r
o
m
IE e:<tends
t:l-re aira
l
o
r
'
g
c
e
i
L
i
n
g
,
:
n
d
t
f
i
e
o
f
aft
i
n
<
:
planr: centerl.

c o r , t 0 l f J I o o v E n H E A DA N I )
C C r v EO U I t . E T S ;

Air
Conditioning
ic;--, /.{

2:a

trJlt*./d,
/:,?
\J

{;

.4

ATA
.HAP:

( Bo,!-*.

TO AFT PASSEIIGER
C O U ? A RT M E X T \

'

pncE:42.

C E H T E RP A S S E R C E R
COT|PARTUEHT
D I S T R I S U T I OO
I IU C T

><
\)I

o R o P Po
Eunc i
\,-- ot;;usen
O V E R ! { E A DS I D E W A L L
STOV/'6E COTIPARTMEHT

\-.

7.__
l\\

1 t-J

A*'cl5

ArR CoNDtTtoratNG
S I D E W A L LO U T L E T

CsrL'u

&,'^

srordALL
oucT

21

A.

PAGE: h t :

Air
tO,onditioning

ATA
.HAP:

21

CHEI]l<:
VA,LVI:

R[CIFICULATION
FAN
U i T ER
ATTACH

IHLN'ASSE},1BLY

ASSEMBi.Y
HOUSING

(1 0F :3)
THERI'lAL

/,(\
/ \)

s1#tTcH
C A PA N O ' T U B I
ASSI:l,l
Bl-Y

I H P E L LRE
ASIEI'{BLY

i(\
'-/ Tt
\
I'

BALL
BE.{RING

\\ii

It
il
\
s c 1 0 L j -A s s E h t B L Y

lln^

i rnrrl

nJ- i r,n

farrn

l - ( c , I I L U . t d r _I L r i l r d t t 5
T h e : r e r ci : : c u l a t i o n s ) ' s t t : m a r 6 r r 1 ^ o <
mel:hoal ft>r :supplementit'rg airflcw
t-l-ra n:

ccrrn-r:r

i nrrrnr.'F

rlen

:nd
F i I at.iOn.

'l

i alrt

to

^^hnrr1-mc,n.l-.:

t-

pnce:44

ryAirlines

Air
Conditioning

ATA
.HAP:

2'l

LAiATORYANDGALLEYVENTSYSTEM

VALVE
OD
ISCHARGE
OVEREOAB
C A L L E YC 0 r - ' I P L E( TXY P )

./:-

CHECK
VALVE

EXHAUST
STAIRCASE

(TYP}
LAVATORYMOOULES
VENT
FAN

.
.i4

Y \ t-. C',?n
'a
I/.rn

Lavatoryand GalleYVent System

of odors and improve
To assure discharge
in conined spaces, cabin air
ci.rculation
lavatories
is drawn fro4r the galleys,
-,hrougrh a Iory
systeu
and
duct
Pressure
is then exhausted overboard-

t!i

of a collector
The duct system consists
d
u
c
t
s from each
f
e
e
d
e
r
duci assembly,
to the collecarea needing ventj-lation
ouct assennrl:"
e>:haust
the
tor duct and
a
l
s
o incl-udes
s
v
s
t
e
m
Tne ventilation
check
i
n
l
e
-"
g
a
l
l
e
y
e
a
c
h
at
filters
m
a
n
u
al
a
f
a
n
,
e
x
h
a
u
s
t
an
valves,
an
a
n
d
(
v
e
n
t
v
a
l
v
e
)
valve
control
Overn
o
z
z
l
e
'
I
i
m
i
t
L
n
g
flow
overboard
cabini
n
d
u
c
e
d
'
b
y
i
s
board flow of'air
during
p
r
e
s
s
u
E
e
differential
to-ambient
(
v
e
n
t
)
fan
e
x
h
a
u
s
t
and by the
flight
'i
ground'
the
on
i-s
when airplang

Wd Nepal

ATA. 21
cH,.P:

Conclitioning

W,qirlines

L G: J Y S T E I ' I
I P M E \ TC O CIIN
EQU

\ - \/ J \ \
ELE(;TRONIC
5sg1.g ffYP)

ELECr8ofllc
[Oulr>\tENT
llAcX s

FLCIfJ
@r.lTRCL

VAI-VE

8 LOIYI:R
crlscH,ASGl:
PORT

IRFL(]W
t 1l t r u t v

il'

n'\

ELE:CTRICAL
S HE : L F

I
b

IV
c2l
I

EXIT NOZZLE
ELOWER -

LOA.O C()NTF OL
"rrtArN"
-\ cExren

<-+=
,
BLOl{ R

Lc'uly. g i,u

-^,,.i -.m^.n-- f nnI Irrn

L L IU . tl J i l l J l l - L . u u r l i l y

l*-.-

t-\

A t 8 F :L O V /
DETECIOR

tli /.'-"<t."

q\/q1-{r;11
uvrL\Jrrl

The equ.Lpment cool:Lng systern p::or''id=s

controi.Leo vent:-la1:io:n and cool' :rg
through and around ei'ectrical
ecuicme:rt. Airf--ow .is crealed biz a
cabin t.ir aicbient pl:essure clfferential
or is i:rduced. b1z cc>oIing air !:lotvers'
co::re<:t cPerat'incJ
It nain:ains
an<l p:rovides a' srrokt-'
ternperatures
in. the {3vent of an ov(:revacuaiicn
h e a t e c . , : d n P o n . e n l :-

lNSf RUt,tEN'I'
PAI.,EL
cooLlH13

r-\
f---'--.

L'i

P^GE:46

Air
Conditioning

ATA
cr.rAP;

I l'lGSYSTEI'l
:QUI Pl4[NTC0CL
I

Exseusr atn

caatN Ar'tglENT

scll ipr..ur':rcccL! ri -<

VI,LVE

ctoi'/ER

I
Y

d}14

tlL'--J
GBOUND

HORfi

A L T E NT J A T E
BLOI'/E R
MAtN EOUIPI\,IETJi
cooL tr'lG

BOr

,*o*, DErEcrtoN

FLOlt

COTJTROL

I
FITO

2X

P*G,E:'*7

Ain
C0nclillioning

A,-f'1tr.2 1
cHAp:

---

.=
HK
EE
AT
IEg's
c
0
M
P
i
I
RTMHT-8lAN
c
r
,
a
c
o
I
I

I
I

rL

.lc
lo
tt<
lF
ln

r t't

T
rE1

.J

+I'
16 r
ll
l|
ll
r

ie-ir
C-o-|r

uo__-

C A F I G OC O U P T
HEATER:OHT REL'.Y

I
I

rof er^

=
o c---

-a_--lCno

"

got; ToLEiIANcE

+T?looo

The cargc' cc)mp,lrtllent

nf
lu -y r r r iL-i lhs o a
Yo
s av
. l ih
G L: rrr r q l -s - r il .n

..is hea':ed
ai r rlf -he

Qrrrnl pmpri-F l

i s

tel

heate;s

hr::iinc

TYPI(:TL 8LI\HKET
I T H E R I ' C } S T , I , TO N
S U t I F A C E T0 F E A r : F i
B L / r \ NK E : : l

I ng Sys;l
C,a
rgo Corpilrtment Hea'lem

ater
nI ank::t He
Jurvrsder

r:
tl

n]-ovldeo

s . r f i r l nE h e a i r c r : a f . :

is

pr-im'rrily

Ll;r i n:-a i n i nry

ceLbi:r.

reitu:re

bV

bian-

i.n

!!rqrtu.

c p r t ; lu ( i t t li n
u<:!

c-'arrf,o

contpa-:trneilt.

tvoei;

gf

t)n-^il-

tc> a(lcoralu.dai:e

eno'rgh

rr'trnirrr* ->:C:tl::.e iu

caraa

reqt:ires; tire r.:se

cc>ld ambient cotrditions
h
e
a
r
t
i
n
g
srrst=ll . il:':e
of a supplerne:nt,nl
ut c2 Lt yl 9d\tJj

A thercoos,tat. l<>cateo on the :;urfac:e <:f

p : n h l - r ":lr k e t - o : r o v i d e s a n i - n d e o e n d e : n t
temDeraE.u.re cont-rr>I for eerch heaii.ng
un:-i. The threrrnos':at ocens wiren tfre tnaximuo temp,erttu::e i-s reached i:o rerlov{l
power ani. cl-osr:s 'lhen the tenperat'urr=
bel.ow a r:ertain value to prc'vide
falls
po!{er -

high

n.\ml
ri!/!rn.:r4I

hF:,1-

n
u Jr m
r l rn! eq r! i ' m P ' 1 1 -

l l rr r-r:nqi

sl-,s

of

i rld

blr:ed

qltciaEl

ttir

clucL

lr;

shutcf f va--ves
arrd a n,anifol-d, cont::ol
a c<>ntrol
arrd :Ln the supply duct,
tlierrnosEat and ,ln ovrrh(:at proierct:-3n
local:ed in tire (largo coropartne:lt:.

pnGe 48

Air
Conditioning

\Eg Nepal

ffiAirlines

ATA
CHAP:

SYSTEI'1
C A R GH
OT A T i N G

r E r . t P S E Le C r

Ar t. LAnuv
COMPT. TEMP.
CONTROLLER

FWO.CABGO
COMPT.TEMP.
CONTFOLLER

Ta,tp

TEr,.lP

CONT
VALVE

TOWARDS

zoN=s

VALVE

rL J I r l r tI Ll Jt 1 i

a o r , "I
ol* |

HOT }'lANIFOLD

J'tj

ISCL

ISOLATION
VALV ES
HOT AIR
INLETS

FWD. CARGO
COturPARTr'r E t'IT

,)(6,) 1.t t

AFT. CARGO
COMPART',IENT

21

paGE:4-3

Air
Conditioningl
flracatrr|-.f
i/-1
t r-m
/rt
I L C I L t )nt t \Q) vt lJC L
rl u))ul

This

rral',re

A r r l -^ m : , i i , -

is fLcwn at a hi-gh
t , J h e na a a i r c r a f c
j
t
.
butrn:s Iess ftrel for a gi-ven
alti:ude,
a:-rspeed chan j.t rloes for til(l sane soee<l
at a lowe.r alti.tu<le - In ot:he:: wcrds, tht:
airplar:e is more t:rfrcient: a:: a high
altL:ue e . rn ai,d j-l:ioi:l , bacl wea;.:rer a::,d
i.n
t.urbulerc{l can be av,rided by flying
the relat.Lvely
smootlt air a.lrove the
storms- A.i-rcraf t rshir:h do not: h,:r'e
pressu.rizacion
ancl a.ir conditio:rin3
limir.pd t'-o :he
svstems a;:e usu:llv
;l U^w.E.! : : ' - :, ,1 : ! -:L,! q J:E. 5.-, - ^ : - - - '
)

r-ah

qvq'1-trnt
": " i__.

z;,J- i nn

11 rrr-pqqrrri

rilllS!

i-t j-s

accomp.Lish several.

functions

if

t-

n;tqq,5ncter

ccIffO:lt

,aqql!-a)

:d-r.-rr:i.r.

ann'-nvi

mawimrtr

the

ma l-el v

aj-::crarft.

riccianori

cabin
nrl.

in

:hlc

at

il-rrrio

rriarr<:

frl

nf

qharr'lri

r';,sl-

exr_-hanoer oF

:
air

frc'm

inside to out:s irle the caibin . Thi s i.s

necessa-ry to el.Lninate
c)dot:s and tc
renove s;aIe ai-::.
In the

typica.J- r>ressuriz,at:ion

';no

i 1

1pi^

'naaaana

l .i nirf-

r + + Y . . e

.-AmnArt-h4!nf

-Ann:-r-1onfg

afe

system,
,

:nri

c r i q

iftCO:fpOfatgd

into a sealea urLit wirich is; capacle of:

..nr;iniro
:ir
r l n d r l r . a D r e s i s u : 1 g.r1i _rY: .h. scr r .
ehan outslrie atsrosphe:ric pressure.
The pre:;sur:ization
aclriorzori

hrr

f rom e it:her
enn

i ne

rrtm

r ! L, s

an auxll-iary
a i r

of

mo,lern ;Lircra.tt

diroe?inn:ir

infr'

Firo

rrrr'r.ncrrna

-nharr'or

is

r-:Frin

the: jet

t)re conrpr:ssr)r of
ve!

n
rvr.

f rnn

Mu

(:omoressc)r. The amount of

ottmrra,-l i nra

the

C;ijrirf

iS

in

Cttn

l:e

krv

Sr:t

c - : e w m e u L b e r s -A f e v r s L r n p l r : m i n c r
u.)

,l

: !r
q

!r oL r \:i l rq ir . -

rori

nrr

ru lr r ras

q- \-/ : f

arn

b,,r t]fet

rttctnc,nf

d,(f

eid-

f Iight.
i:ut nc,st of tl:e t:ime au1:crmaLic
:ontrols
neeC onJ-y L.o be monit.c::ed. In
Ehe er,'en1:of a malfr:nction
<>f the auec.:natic contrcls,
n:anr:al cont:-ols ar,e al:;c
,--^,,i;^J
rJ!UVIU.gU,,

l 4 o st; o f t h e c e d t i n p r e s s u : : i z , e t i o : r s v : ; - .
tenLs itav,3 two mo<les of ooer,:.tiorr;
tire
isc,bar:ic mode in which the r:abi-n is
mai.ntalin(3d at a constant
al':itu<1e, (thu:;
the nerme i-so -. the same, and ba::ic .pressuLrej, ani tiie rlonst.i.nt p13r;sur)
,lifferential
n.odet. .In the, i:;ob,a::ic nrode:,

laal

nrccoh.'ar<:

nprmi'-

co.rfroLl.ed

ntec(:r!ro

_r av n
: rr. r* 'sl _ v: r- - . r

^- -^, ,. h. -f .,.--^t S
l

thr:

out:-

r l r e vqJcti ,rur r: (r =
)

!l ! -i.m
- -i i - :-+* -. -i n- -r .r. ,

i-h- c^ -. .

nr
:--:eSStlf

g .

controlle:r
:;hi-f ts tc> the cor.st;lnt. ciif :ier ential
mcrde an,l mairrta.Lns a const,lrrt pres-.
s;uri: differrntiallis i:he flight
al.titude
j-nc::eases, s;o rioes the ca.bin al.ti.:r-rde ,
a_Lv/ay:; maintaj-ni::g
t.he: s;rme dlfferrent.ialI)re:;su re bet:we,:n the insirfe ani i-ire ftit's;idr: .

tjre pressur j.-

adriitlon.,

qrt<tarr

a.l-so be

'rrhich malr be uncc)m-

ini

anci crelw. in

^h:nac'q

y'en-i ri

orrlinarilv
6.n WhiCh

.tlow val-r/e as ther a.Lrcraf t cJoes up i.n

,lltitude
to maj-nt:ain the salte 1)r:esijulr.
.ln the c;rbi;:r. Whe:n i:he pressure
di:lferernti-al betvreen that. insi,ie
the c;rlrin a:riJ
]:hat outs;ide reaches; t,:e ma::irolun s.i:rullt.u-

1--lte

r'lf

The sys;tern must

rrra(rohf

r,r

r-Faq-n:hlv

Fi- .

rrrlicirra

eilti.tu<le

zalian

F - OOO

ric,qir-no4

is
cvct

fj-rglrI

l-ho

IL rnusrt l:e ,:apabl.e of

a cabir
,rt.,.rlre
aiLitude

and sa:iet\/.
nainta.Lniiro

,,AT,AI ?-1t
CHAF,:

erxCe:SS of

that nee:dei , trnd, the. cabig gressure is

.
controll.ed
by varying
the amounL of ai:r
g i l q w e d . . t , o . L e a v e C h e _ . " c a b : - n - ' E h r o u e t.ht _ h e .
controll er-opera ted outfLow valve

l'he de,;ree of 1>ressurit:at lon and, th,=r.efor<>, ihe o-r>eratrngi alt:itrrde

of tire
a.rrcra.[t ar: 1-Lmited b1' st:veral,:r:1t.i_c:ai
primarj.Iy
i.es:-gn factors.
th= fu,se:lar7e
is cles:Lgned cc withstar.o il p.lrti(lula::
m a x j - m u r ac a b i n c i i f . F e r e n t . i a , - p . r e s s r : r . e .
Cabln <lifferentia.L
pressur:es j.s 1:h.e
rati.o l>et,nreen i-nside and outsi_de a.ir
presrsut:es and j.s it measurr o:l thr:
intern;rI
rstress; orr t.ne fus;eI:rge :;ki.n.
.gressure be:c>me:s
If the di:[ferer,ti;r1
too
stt:uctural
Carnageto t:he 1:us,:J.aget
9reet,
h-1r

n^a.rrF

pncE:SD

mw^
ruA

Air
Conditioning

Ne,
,aII
rirlNCes

T,
I

21

ATA
.HAP:

- A]R SLIPPLY
STEM
P R T S S U R I Z A TS
I OYN

?sn
:-i
A

TFORWARD
VALVE
OUTFLO\,V

RIGHT
PACK

]O
PRESSURiZ
AN
TSYSTiI'1

rl'
Ve?:'

\4.

Lt'-. rl

ii
i

T,i
FORI'JARD
OUTFLOI,J
VALVE

AFT OUTFLOI^I
VALVE
(t

--

It(arrn--.

'il

s1
. r'n,:E:

Air
Co,nditio'ning

.*r,,l\Tl\ 2:"1

t zic A F I I A
[JnEssun
P A : J S E N GCi A
RB ] : N

IN
C O\ T R ( ] LC N E

--_----/

_()__

\ cRReccoi'1P,\RTi"iEllrs

OUTFLOII

II
I

D
nei^
DdJ-tv

F
ents
'
l \ 'o
u 9n
u rl r' i r pv m

reciui::en'3nts
basic
five
succ:ssf ul funclloninq
a'rd air
press;urizai-j-orl
^--^F-,n
-v5L<:U

iior th':
c;: a ca3r:1
cc;nd'itirn:ngf

=?a'
e-v'

o A !;oulce of co'mPres:'ecl ai:r for

be ei-ther
pre:ssiiri:ral.Lon sources ca'r
i-noepelrde::c
Lnc;1ne,-d::ivi:n compr:ssors'
biec
o:: tir
.-irl-r. sulterr:hargers,
C i - l : e c L i Y f r ' : m t h e e r l g i 1 l l e'
o A inea:rs r>i :cn--rcll:-ng cabi n tres:3ure
of aj'r i::om
bir requi ,rtr:.ng the outf l-cw
o1'a
tl': c.:br-i. lhls acc()mplishec
arl ot:--a
n
d
'
ca,rin E:3ssur re:9u''atrlr
i L (f !t '/'al ve '
t-ne mai:i;rrtirjl
oi l-j.nit:inq
to r+hi-ch the
iiife:renti'rl
f..tt'r."
rvi l-l be
a
:
r
e
a
pressuri'zecl
cabin
r;aI:"es '
r
e
l
i
e
i
Pre:ssr'rre
su:je:tedr"aI'zes'
r
e
l
i
c
'
f
(
vacuuin )
negati'/e
t
o
u
s
e
i
;
l
r
e
arC dui:rc va.lve:s
sh th:Ls '
acconPli
( jn rnosI cas)s
o A mean5 cf requl,rtinE
tLelllperature
o': r-lee art:
c c o l i n g ) t.he
p
r
r:ss;rizeci
t
h
e
beinq di stri-br.rterl to
T
h
Ls is
^ ^ ^ + L r iv r^r .
of ;h,: .eil PIare'
5CU

o A::reChoi

f r.Lger;tt i on'
a c : c o n pI j -s h e o ) r y t i - r e r e :
colrtrol
s l . ' s - L e m ' i r e a t , : > : c i l c l o Q C rri s

j-l-rg c lcrnerit-s '

s , e It:cl-r j'ca I hc:at
"-c,lte c;rLrin teniL)tlre f-Llre (--onLroI
altci a.
5 ) r s t e r m'

w.:rj-ch a'r'=
o ,lhe Sectj-On of tlLe zrirr:raft
s
e
aleld ic'
b
e
to be Press'.1'rizecl nust
;rir t:o
c'f
reiuc, lr:adver+-errt.. 'Learage
b'e
a
l
'
s
c
a mini.murn- This erreil must
capabl-e oi safetlr r';i-thstandi'ng t'h=
i:e'twclen
maxi-nltm pressu.re di.fferentiatl
'
;
h
i
<
:
h
.it: wj-11
cat,in anrl atmgsptrer,: to
be subl e':ted.
1:he
Desig-ning Lhe cerbiir ;c with st'lnCirlg
and hrolci l=erkatle
Dress;uro diff erentlal
*J:e
L
i
m
i
t
s of:
ot' -:-. r^ritni-n ttre
at^
ores:;ui:.Lzaticn :;yslen,is pl:rnllrilv
i
n
e
L
n
u
:
i
e
'
c
t
r
'lri;r9
a
n
i
ai-rf::amt: engi.neerieg
-'-nh'

om

-us1:
Lo 1-he ccmponetits
1ri acidi:ion
Ci-sctrss,:C, veiri<)us valvers , cc:rt-ro Ls'
units are nec:es:;ar'l co
and allied
c < > m p . L e - "ae c e r b i : r p r e s s u r : i z : L r E e i n o a ' i r
cond.Liicning sY;sten'

pnce:52

Air
Conditioning

SP Nepat

Efunrnes

21

ATA
CHAP;

ENTRY DOOR
34 x 72

Pressur
ization Problerns
rhorc

Fra

menw

r-o:nnl cx

:ochn

i e : i

problems associated
with pressu:ized
Perhaps the mcsi aifiicurt
a:-rcraftp:oblens
are in the design, manuiacturing,
of structural
anC sefection
which t,'il1 withstand
materi-als
the
orc=i

Aifercni-i:l

in

nroecrrr6

+hr+

exists
between ihe inside and outside
of a pressurized
aircraft
whren flyinq
a-, high al-tituoes.
If the vreight of the
were cf no concern,
aircraft
structure
it vrould be a relatively
simcl-e natter
-"o construc-'
a Suselage v;hlcn could
w:-,hstand tremendous pressures.
f: is necessary to ccnstruct
a fusei_age
ca-cable of containing
air under pressure,
1'e-- be j-igir-' enough t.o airow prcfitable
loadingAs a general rule pressurj_zed
ai=craft.
to provide a cabin
are buirt
pressure
al-titude
of not mcre than
i t,000 fta t m a > : i m u mo p e r a t i n g
altitude,
1f an aircraft
is designed for operation
at al-titudes
over 25,OO0 ft.,
it must be
capabLe of. maintaining
a cabin pressure
a L t . i t u d e o f 1 5 , O O Of t .

the Cifferential_
pressure
which the
si.iucture
wil-l have to withstand
is
( 10.92 p.s.i.
t-20 p.s.j-.
rornus 2.72
p-s.i.
If :he pressurized area of th:s
)
airc:af t con-uains 10 ,000 sq. in . , the
siructure'will
be subjected to a bursting
arao

Q?

nnn

lhe

n
v Lr

rrnr^vimateiv

apJLvA

From the foregoJ-ng exanple it is not

difficul-t
to grasp an idea of the
difficuliies
encountered in designing
and buildinq
a fuselage
structure
which
will
be light
enough and strong enough
at the sane tirne Samp)-e:
load on a passenger door during
Door Area : 34 index 72 inch.
A=34x72
'=
.2448 sqin.

Differen".ialpressure
?he atmospheric Dressure at 8,000 ft.
is
approximately
10-92 p-s.i.,
and at
40,000 ftis is nearly 2.72 p.s.i.
If
a cabin altitude
of 8,000 ft.
is main-.
tained j,n an aircraft
flying
at 40,000 ft.

41 tcns.
In addi_tion -.o designing the
fuselage
to _-'ri-,hstand this
force , a
safe-,y factSr
of 1.33 rnust be added.. The
pressurized
porti.on of the fuselage wiII
have to be ccnstructed
to have an
u l - * g i ; a a t . es t r e n g t h
of 109,050 Lbs.
( 82,000 iimes 1.33 ) , or 54,5 tons.

L.oad
.F

F
.r

rrfYrru-

i p Caefn - p
B psi

A X AP
2448x B (sqin.
xpsi)
19584 lbs = 87.145 N

AMRl.

PAGE:S.3,

BW Nepal
afnirlines

Air
ConditioninE

ATA 2x
"uoo,

T U R B O C O M P R ESSYSSOTRE M

:NVIRONMENTAiiSYSTEM

\-COtvIPRESSOR

.-TUREINE
L ' B L E E DA I R

Alrcraft
TurblnePowered
Ln a turbine enqin': i's a
The comP::essor .Lther
to pressurize
g"",a,;t""ce.of.,air
trot
qr:ite
arrd since th:Ls air is
;;iJ,
as
well
;t's
it is used to provi<le heat
pressuri:zation .'
-engine
to compress;
5nwer'.is required-'
be ia!"en
roust.
power
and-5tris
aii,
;it
ai::ln.t ..""i.labre -to power the
;;;;
--q,rSftbe used directcompr.esscr,."bleed.air -&ay
to
'{1j-ve. a tu:bo!t maY be used
;;;";;
ina
t"r6iilln
:-s
compres.sor. otrtside air
enters
it
before
and Ehen,
."*pt"tt.a,
is mixed with th'e erngine
it
ti.'".ni",
been used
comPressor bleed air thai has
to drive the Lurbocompressor'

prorride
will
.q j9t pr:rap :Elow multiplier
thel
without
air
pressr:rization
cabin
conr:f
tlrrbocompl:essor'
thel
comple:xiLy
th
Do:'zthrough
f,Lows
air:
pressor
irleed,
and
velocity
jet
high
pump
a
at
le of a
air
that
d::au's
prcduces a low Pressure
ri19
of the air:ra{c"
in frorn the'-ou,tsidJ
a::c
mi->:
air
bleed air and the outs;ide
t
'"'he .rir
i
the cabin g6' provide
flow intc
neede<l fcr Pressr:rizat.ion-

V@ Nepat

Earnrnes

Conditioning

SYSTEM
I'IULTIPLER
FLOt.l
JET-PUI'IP

^o* or^--./
ENVIRONMENTAL
SYSTEM

JET PUMP

A1rcraft
PI ston-Englne-Powered
'When

was first
used. it
pressurization
such as the L.ockaircraft
was for. Iarge
and the,Douglas
DC-6's
heed Constellations
g
r
e
a
t
'
v
o
l
umes
r
e
g
u
i
r
e
d
c
a
b
i
n
s
'
l
a
r
g
e
fnese
\t'as
this
air,
and
of coupressed
Provided,
Roots-tvpe
displacement.
by a positive
displacement
or by a variable
cohpressor
by one of
driven
compressor
centrifugal
the engines.

singleair for the smaller

Pressurization
piston-engine-powered
aira::d twin-engine
by bleed air
from the
craft
is provided
and from the exhaust
engrine turbocha-rgers
are used to
air puruPs that
of dry-type
instrurnentscperate
some of the flight

? r 1 6 h A A r r r 6 A F h

I UKbULNAKbLK

ATA
CHAP:

21

FaGE: ff

A[r

\6d Nepal

Conditioning

EtE Airlines

1 t 1 , r ni n g a n d P r e s s u t1-AI r S o n d
zat I (ln systems;
,and
fhe cabi.n e,-ir condiiic,ning
pressuri-zat:ion s'ysiem suppl.ies
condicionetl a.Lr ior heatj-ng and c'oo.Ling
'Ihi.s trir
the cock.pit and ':abi-n spIce:5.
to rrrair]als-o prc,viiies prr=ssurization
tain a s;af:, comEortable cabin environmeni. In. aildiri-or.r .uo cabi.n air ccnd:-q.rma

rs 4i vn. rnr ri r nY ,a -

aarri'rnar--

Airnr:c{.

J!'^r r v

| ^\

A b s o l u t c t e m p e . r a t u r : . , I ' e m p e r a: u r
nteasured along a scale whj_ch ira,s
::ero va.Lue ;rt E.hat ;roinfl wirer,S
t . h e : e i s n o m oL e c u I a . r r n c , L ! < > n
I - 2 7 3 . I " C . . o : : - 4 5 9 , -6 , ' F ) _

r'7\

I.rnbtent, temper,itttrre - ,Ihe E]npera.ture in the: area irro,ecii.aE.e:lv

sur::ounding
the o5jecE unrl:r
d i scus:: i-on -

( ir)

anCi

Temrle.rature sceile:s .
( a ) Cenirj'greide.A
si:arle ci.l .,.,:h:
O" ,l
repre:;ent:;
the f::eez"
:_ng point
of wate,r, and 1rl
is r:quivalent.
t . < >t ' h e b o i l i
poi.:rt of water at sea -levr:
( b ) t'ah::enheit.
A : s c - . a L ro- o w h . l
3i2" F' represel:lt..s -,he llrer:
i.ng point
of. w;rter, anii
2t2,, E is equ.Lr,,aler.c Lc i:
b,oilin,f
point
of. wat.e.r at,
sea level-

c:omr)ar--menis requ-Lre air

equipment
a
9n
V nr li ui i^. ui ar n
s ri rr d+ r , , Y

fA

rlrctt6nl.

i'o:t-

and ccnsequienl:. damage to

l-rrri lrlrrrr

thei e<truip-

mcni'

Te:msand Definitions
Ti-

i q

f:mi

i-cr l'rcr-nmp

n15(-esJierv

I iaf

w.!th

tc unders'tand
sonle t.erros rind defin.iticn:i
of cressuri.ther or,er;r'-ing princiolels
zation. and trir conditiclnli:g
systerns.
Therse are:
( 1) Ab sclute
pr:esriur{a . Pre ssrrre rneasure<l
a sceile wh:-ch ha.s ::ero valu.e
alrxg
at a complete var:uun.

()\

St;rndard
r.ro i ah t-

beiromet::ic

aF

er> co c

j_n

Dressiure.
t.ne

atmo

,,
-. 1

to ho.Ld up a cclrlmn of
su:lFicient
I
m e r - r r r r r wi 6 C ' m r I l . : m e t e r s l - , i o h
+
(aqrpr,rximat.ell' 30 in.)
at. sra level
|1,1
\ l't.

with

?
/

--j\
9)!,

m'l-ja
lllIJ

rra
pn r- .,-:rcr cu r! E

( 9 )

Arrcraft
ELlt.itude. The ,a<:tu;rl
heignt
above sea 1evel ,:.i: whrch
an aircrar,t
:Ls f Iyinq -

( 13 )

Cerbi.n altitucle.
U.sed to :xDl:es:;
ceibin pressut:e in ter.ns c,f
ec'ui\.zalent al-ti,:ude abcrze s)a

Ihe .,-.

S ;-C h e f - "e

r n, 5n en: : '
uAEc :,s- !?r a
=d

2"1

ATA
CHAP:

'I

c rro'l

t.
;-P!\

I G,01.,l,lLirr,lr,=1
ltt*,^
Lz'h

t /'v

';r,

.:-

L'i'

{00'

,altituCe.
A L T I T U 0 E( l H F [ E I x 1 0 @ )

(3)

A m L r i e r r - -r r r e s s u r e - T h e : r r e q q r l r e i n
the a::ea immediat.ell' sr:rrcunding
the object under dis;cu:ssicn.

(4)

Gage pgerisure. A measu::e of t-he

pressure in a vesse1., container,
or line,
as compareil to ambient:
hraqqltro

(5)

pressure.

Differentia.l
6n^a

ih

?.ya,sSUfe

bet.Ween

The diff'er--he
-rrs

yn4r sp Jqac): _

ure ac:tirrg on rsne side of a 'uall

and thre pre:isu:re actinq
on the ottrer
side c,f the wa.LI. In ai.rcraft
air
conCit.ior,inq and pressurizing
systamc

it.

cabin
;

hra

ic

t-l1g differelCe

prcssure

qqrrra

10.il

be:ween

and atnospheric

12lr t0'9

6 5 4
t

Afr.I8IEHT
PREISIPSIA

3 l$".l
'i:"

PnGE:56

Nepat

\l

Conditioning

Tarilrnes

i
:

ATA 21

F L I G H TP R O F I L E
A I R C R A FO
TR

f:
' +* '
iii-nfiiruiii tps^t
,l

l----

CABIN
ALTITUDE

,/
izz/22)

//z

@ r /o'

llT
,! - lt FU
nl

/A
\trlJ

GYr;

hnn-rr

r K U r . [L E

A
.l

I
I

A I R C R A FCTF U I S E
ALTITUDE

A IR C R A F T

- 6 -

-3

oq
3{
FU
-c

30.ooo t

lr

D I F FI .N
P BE S S
A P P H o x7 . 8 p s t

FO

i=

I
*

- .Iooo ft

C A B I TATL T I T U D E

,
CABIN

106.

,./

( a L . f l Ubl,L,b
I

I
ENO

TIME--->

n
lotiL,^

,- l+ l

)ul- [{^t

r& c^h

lo, kt,ct;a
_T::,

4/

P.A6E:5
7

\#
:

Nepal

friA.inines

Air
Conditfroning

/q.T'A 2n
.HAP:

PRESSURI
ZATION SY]STEFI

anoM

A/c

S rSt rr

5lr.rlo3Y
)
f-r
cr\J,/.ro
ql;i.

aln

u9-F

| g|: .:=di

cnEtr Pqss

tt tr

t-.-

r1

'.

,*.1,.

o'..i

'/*'

rsLEcrEo
|
,:A8. rrLY
:.
,
VAIVE
o"N
i

Lt i: h,,

rl
;t

--- _

,_i

P,
o(rTF LOfI
VE

)
/[,
(

t lL

(lzc, rlx- ::'

pnce:59

Air
Conditioning

Nepat

Jarn,nes

ATA
.HAP:

P R E S S UZRAITi O N S Y S T E ! \ t
'r0.000
F T c A B tN A L T I T U D E
a r T H o q r . tc u l o u T

@
r

A!TII UDi
rAll

I
)

tYto

a".

to00

OUTFLOWVAtVE5

B A RO

*^"

/f\.^"r
I
U
lilNt
RAIE.
oftH

rra)
crott
I

^lANUAT

ABIN
ntr
PR
FESSU
r n
ST
t't1

'rrn

. < F \ \ I

P H F \ \ I

(^C(od

AC) (DC

C A B IN

coNrnbl

I H F

R
CONTROLLE

q o nlFtr

pptrqq

I H F

PRESSUR E
NtrLItsF

VALVES

oJltr:-

O UT F L O WI V A L V E S

Veztka{ Ve iua
V A C U U MR E L I E F V A L V E S
- 1 P S IA P

9.25
DIFF PRESS.

-\REfulOTE
STATIC PRESSURT
9.70 DIFF PRESS.
LOCAL STATIC PBESSURE

FWD & AFT

CARGO
DOORS

21

pace: 5i

'

Conditioning
0utfl.owVal''le

O U T F L OVNA I . V IC O N T R O L

m
F , . r n r i nr r a
irr:l
rur!'s:
I ilt;

rv v- o : f t f o I

P.L

=ril

Ct

ZFX
'Ng;

l'1'-fui'-:r. ii
!r

..

-.

ll lillo',{ll
\=s,

'-4,
i;

\://

]l

))4,.' .
-."-t--

of

the

pf=:;s;u=:L-

zaLio:r systeru is the outi-lo'* vai'rt' 1lh'is

;:cr-:io::r
vaLve is pl.aced in a rrre:;surizei
u
n
'
j
e
r
n
e
a
t
:
b ::he
u
s
u
a
l
J
y
of tha fusela<tre,
of
C:e
purpos'e
The
compartnents
Ior"rer
cV:r3)!ri
a:Lr
cabin
vr:nt
to
va lve is
o5:'eni-ngs ia t:he vt:.:{J
th:rough sui-table
sicin' S;na'lif
u
s
e
lage
L
h
e
o
r
fillet
i'r=gr'
valve;
l-ow
or.::tf
one
u$e
aj-.rcraft
r;31vg5
tlrr='=
rJSe
as
m;Iny
,asi
rDzry
ai.rcraft
."-ire
which wcrk in unisc'n Lo proviile
re,luired. volume out.flow'

CE
O N T B OPL , A N E L
PRESSIJR

21

ATA
CHAP:

l*,

ai sirap'J-g
clcscrd' iclr

One type, oll oatflornt valve is

whi,:h is opened or
butterfl.y
-d.II

^ 1 a * + r l L . ! ! l -r I=L

m
r u,' rJ. Fs nv !r

Th.)

m''lf-1.

?-PCe:-!'eS

i:rc:a :r=
::ignals
amgrlj-fred ele:*.riceLl
tj:o
\ra:-7
to
cont:ro-Ller
pressu=i.zai:ion
p
r
:
e
s
s
r
i
:
':zed
f
o
r
valve pc,sit:ion reqtrired

use .r Pneumatic cu:fl'ow

Some aircraft
llhis valve r:eceives si<;n.ar:: i=om
valve.
i:r 'i-iie
co:rtrcIler
the presisu::ization
alr pressul:e's - llhe
form of controlled
air pres;su::es which operate tire v;ll-ve
are obterined frcm the high pr(l<su:!|
inside t:he cabir: , with ass i sttr::.ce i::cro
ts -r rhL e

RE
PRESSU
CONTFOLI.ER

rncilma'-

F..v!r.4

i e

sv stem

turb ine-'powe red

itressu.f

:.::

ai::cr,af t -

l:he outf l.ow valve {. s )

In ma.ny ai::craft.,
op'3n on tht: 'c='i)l:xi by
will
be he'Ld fulll'
(lear
c,Pel:at ed swi tcir - D::::::t3:
a landingt
--he vaLv'e
is gairred;
as altit.ude
fligh,t,
( s ) cl-osr: ( s ) g::aduallY to ulak3 a
t'3 the ou:i:: o'hr of
great.er restrict.iolr
cabir:. ai-r. The cab:Ln rate crf r:l-idb c=
descernt is deterrnirred by tlre :rer:-e of
or openi.ng ot the out:El-cw
closing
f lj-gn-' the
valve: ( s; ) . Duri.ng cruising
to
releite'i
i.s clirectly
cabirr alti'tude
the iiegr:ee of outf.Low valve ol9en-inq'

p^GE:6o

A]r .

Nepal
WJU
-Arnrnes

Conditioning

O PeU Je-e.r,at/ +r
VALVE
OUTFLOI.I
('
4s lr.tg C(r'r<

Lt*ir

ATA
.HAP:

4 /(

ACACTUATOR
uAttr

n|.
ACTUATOR

COUPLING

OPEi'J

TAKE.OFF

cL0sE0

21

p^cE:eL

Nepat
Sd
Airlines
df

Alr
Conditioning

ATA
crrtAP::

2:"1

F:eI1ef \/aive
F'ressure
to the (:on'Erollable orrtflou'
in addition
(
rralve
s ), an autornatic cabin presisuire'
v
alve is use<1 on all prelssr:rizrri'
rellef
This vEi.lv(l may actual-ly be
;rircraft.
j:he outf'Low valve' 6; 16'arr!r3
into
i:uilt
separ:atr: unj-t' llhe Fr-5s;srr.r:
iln entire:ly
opens wiren
v;rlve autclmatically
:relief
p
r
e
s
s
iure reac:hes;
ehe cabirr differential
value
,e preset
.<N,

ti

t/

-hff
N E G A T I VPI I 1 E S S U-R E0 ' r , ? s i
R E L I E FV A L V E

Ltt?qt',

R E L i E FV A L V ED O { ] R

NegatllrePressurellel1ef

'Valve

sonre
rerfuire
AII 1>resisu::izr:d aircraft
r
e
l
i
e
f
p
r

j
s
s
u
r
e
form of a treg;rtive
be j-ncorvalve. 'llhi:; vrelve nay also
or nrily
proar-ed inEo the outfl-ow, valve
forro of
cornncn
A
ur'it"
L. .,,, indi'.ridual
valve is; a
r
e
l
i
e
f
negative: Pressure
hiirged flap on the rear waill
=itpf.
cabirr"',llhis
{ p-ress,:re dorne ) of the
air presisure
o
t
t
t
s
:
i
'
d
e
,rulrru ollens wherr
During
is greal:er than cabin Pressure'
cabin
i
n
t
e
r
n
;
r
I
t
h
e
ot"tt,.tt ized f Iigtht

pressur() holcs the f l.ap closei., Teer

rel.iej: v(1lve Fr3-negativt: Pressu:e
okrta::ning a cab:-n
vents accidentallY
r v h i c h i s hiqihe:: tl:ran Eh.e
altitudr:
.1gi!r:rie ai.rcr:aft

<26n.

'Ltf '

,'-?1.

6L

Bg Nepal

{Airiines

Conditioning

ATA
CHAP:

VALVE
OUTFLOI'I
OPERATED
MANUAL
AUTO/UArlUAL
srvtTcH

MAnUAL CAElll
P R E S S U RC
E O N T R OW
L HEEL

CLUTCH
Dlsc0r{r,lEcTLEVEn

MANUAL CONTROL

CABLE DR

OUTFLOA'
VALVE
6gAR8OX

\t/

.-\

/
oUTFLOW-\ ----\ t
vAL\tE
R A MA I R
I
5 HI EL D

.;r

'
I 6:.-{
'lI
r'l
ll

\ill

\ttl

ACTUATOR
DECLUTCHIN6
C A B L ED R U M .

Outfloil Valve
ManualOPerated
of air from the cabin can
The outflow
a manually
throuqh
al-so be accomplished
be called
may
valve
walve- This
operated
dem
a
n
u
a
t
a
valve'
relief
a-satety
o
t
h
er
s
o
m
e
o
r
valve,
pressurization
used
is
valve
term- The manual
=:-rit"t
w
h
en all
to control
Pressurization
i
s
f
t
f
a
i
l
'
other means of control
rapid
to permit
intended
primarily
or
fires
during
depressurization
emergency

descent

ourr.* vALvEsEQuErtcFR

pace:65

ConditioninE

P\TA
cHAp:

21

P R E S ; S U F I I Z I \ TCIO
( ] N T R OPLA N L L

B,AROSET

Z\
.\/.

tr;i_]
t- | !.ol
larlJ

i-.,1"1
';"l-J

F_T*1
ro.ol

'\/

t1

ion Controls,'
Pressurizat
con-'roller
is; the rsourc: ofi
cont::oI si'Jnals for the pressu'riza-*ion
erd-:,efah
nh,. .:nnt.rol.Ie:: provides
5
y > usru.
the rl'esire:d t:vp'a of
j'lstrnents
to cbtain
ccnditjon'
Pres::ur:ze,l

?3e pre$su:rization

lool<:s 'rerf mucLr lj-ke an

The r:on1:roller
'lshich has; several
aildeci a'faltitnete:r
justrnent knobs- Ther d:LaI is gradrrated
'in c,abitr altituile
i-nc::eraents up Lo apft' U sualll' there ls
1
0
,
C
r
0
O
-...ti6at1y
which c:an be adjusteci t'r
one pointer
by the cabin
cabi'n eift:ltufe
r
f
e
s
:
L
r
e
C
;he
casies the=e
s
o
n
e
I
n
k
n
c
,
b
.
s
e
t
altitude
scale
or a rotati-nq
i s anotirer pointer
c
c
r
r
e
s
p
<
>
n
ding
:
h
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t

l
s
a
.
L
s
o
whic.r
s
e
l
)
a
rate
A
e
l
l
t
'
i
t
u
d
e
'
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
airc.raft
the
to
cont:roller
ther
icnob ad'justs
( or s;ea
setting
altimeter
existin<;
'llhe baro-'
'
pl:es:sure
)
barometric:
level
''eIe'cted is inclicated
c'n
cretric :ietting
knc'b
thi:--d
Tl::e
seclme:it'
dial
a separate
the cai:in
adjusis
on the r:ontroller
T
h
is acliustc
l
r
a
n
'
l
'
e
'
a
l
t
i
t
.
u
d
e
l
o
f
rate
control
seParate
a
oll
nradei
be
cat:t
rlent
in

some install;rtions'

''rlhen the controlle::

knobs e're set,
'cn:eit'ire:: an
m
a
<
l
e
a
r
e
adjustments
p
n
e
u
r
n
a
t
ic sigtnalinq
a
.
c
r
electric
Tht:
t
:
o
n
t
rolle:r'
t
i
r
e
i
n
s
i
d
e
,
aevice

F
F

1
l1g|.{

r : t . eI

f
Iroroi
t?e.llJ'
||t ti; l',1

are corcpa:red tc' the e:ri'st'::rg

settlngs
cabin p:ressure i:Y 'an an:ro:d '31;
erzacuated belf.or'rs- If th.e ca-bi:r
-orresjpond
E<> thi:-i:
a--tiEud,: does; no'.
iows
whicir is sel by tha knotrs, the i;e'l
l
:
c
'
g
(
l tc
s;ignal
cirus.)s the appropriate
the outf low l''al're. When the be-Ll.ow:=
l:as
the cabin trltit-ude
that
dete:nines
reached that vrh.Lch has been sei:, C::l
r"al're a:lr
s:lgnals to the outflow
:facL<>:'s '':>
s1:opped.. A.s l-on<J as other
:!s; h''=-:d
not r:hange, the outf loiv valve
-r

d.,-

+u l1l =. a

sasaL+
L i! ir n
r Yd

1-.O maintarin

deS:i::ed.

can
The contro.Ller
c;rbin pressul:e.
'rari;-rce
:>f
sens{? any chaingr:, such ars
t':::
a.i-rc:raft a.lt:-tur1e, and' r:e-adjus::
or:.tf low va.lvet as necessaryThe rat.e conErol i.eterm.ines
sr:nds signal:; to
ccntroller:
va1ve.

h,ow fa=:
the:
t.he clu::l-ow

comPer.sa:es ':he
The baromertr.Lc setting
i:
c,cntro]ler:
for the normal error:;
vrhir:h are erlcoll,nter,d orr r-r)s;t
aliimetry
61i^hfa

lr9ll

u>

qr!.i,Ltl!:>

-> -s . l u. f Li nr cr l rs t

li rruny rn

r a Jw tvr Es

1:lfe

ascuracy of r:he contt:ol-Ler an.d, as ;=n

example, protect.s the cabin f'rcrn be.ing
while a. landr-:g1
pressurizect
partially
is being ntade.

pnce; 64

Air
Conditioning

AgE Nepat

zA!r!rnes

ATA
.HAP:

n: SSURIZATIONC O N T R OPLA N E L

l'^'

I
l\

STANDBY

^(\

MANUAL

orc\/AH.
CACUi tAIT

ler

t:

tL@f

D'6

cxtcr /

F L I G H TP R O F I L E

It
t'9

,rl

( i l l A l n c B A F T C R U I S !l f n n 4 O l "

\-/

| | r.rncnrrr

rl

I
I

3i

5l

=l

l//

I
s.L

ALrruoE

C'I
J)
cl

ul,Jv"

o,f

i/,r

Lj*

\
nE

II
I
\l

| '.0. I
ST^RT

I
cA0lr{

\c

.\
nl

Qr,ot6'
o-

ALrrruor
cAeril
C)

f-*l-'-

OIFFENEITTIAL
Fn F'-il

21

pnGE:4,5-

Air
Conditjio,ning

r{epal

$l

EiEA,irlin,es
C A B i NR A _ EI N D i C A T O F

IATA. 211
cHAp:

r l A BI N A L T I f i : T i R / t t l F F E R i : i \ i TPI A
RLE S S U R E
I N DI C A T O R

/,ZTS"'

f'#Th'\

(:tlrl
1000:I ltn

\\1'"t'-\

)!e-; ,,

\.NY/)r/

00lr

roS=2o,

r
I

VERTICAi.
CABIN
N I ] I C , \ TRI ]
S P E EID

c r \ Bl fl
A.TIiTETEN

OiFFERENTIAL
PtitSlil.lHt:
Il.lDItiATtl i]

DI FFER{:NTIAL PRESSURE:
INOICA]OR

Sf..

PnESr;uRE
5
A"ur'IEr.'untr
srArrc
p0

cABrN
ALT'riErrn

'ir- --__==){;-<- ---t^"th\J

lii'11il
)l''filli'|'
-?>)SF*.r*:;r->|* iagp>*
av<R**
.-',j
Zli$p,
Y<'
-'
)2-lXtiI$L'
"'''
pn
p,
*{'-!"t;:Q'?'r---''c,{B
|
*
H
ESs
u
=-J7:it-i*etfi1.
ponr
l.-iltA:i,
ELEcrR,
cA
Lc0NNEcr'oJ,L _:_rf::;i&{
f

tt

rn=--r*

Several

r{.'2'--

"'}'')'<

irrstrument.s a.re ust:d in

i,rnaFi
^ - ' - ' i \ { ! Ur .hl
JUjiLU!Jrl

r9hr ar s

^rrcqrrri'z:f

.-o':+ri

corL-

ifrn

controlle:l . rhe cabir; di-f f r:renEial

e r e s s u r e < 7 a g er n d i c a t . e s t h e d i f f e r r n c ( l
between insiCe ani ouLsj.de pressur'T h i s E a g e s h c u l d l - ' c n r o nj -t o : : e d t o a s i s u i . e
t h a t t n e r : a b i n i s n o t a p o r t > a c h j - n gt h e

n r a xr - m u aa i i c , w a i > i e c i f f < l r e n t i a l p r e t s s - l : : e A cabin altimeLer is al-so prcvid,eci as

aLcireck on t.he perfcrmernct: of th,= sysi.en
L n s o m 3 c a - s csr, t h e s e t v / o . L n s t r u m , 3 r l t s r r e
c:onrl:ined int.o one. A. thirrl i-nstr'.:nent
i . n c li c a t e s t l - r e < : a b i n r a t e r > f c l i r n c c r

^r / \^u t^r .. . r /
b()

Air
Conditioning

ATA
.HAP:

21

SYSTT14

PRESsURE
BU LK HEAD
PACK

ivL

PAC K

\..,

N'-V

SHUTOFF
VALVE

,rr''\-\
HANDLE'r.

i1\

\."-'

(1

\/
,'\-"

-.'
P A CK

'I

PACK

PUSH-PULt
coNTROt -

RamAi r vent Sysiem

an
to.give
Tn:s system's PurPose is
the cabin
p
t
"
t
=
t
'
t
r
j
'
z
e
i
o
backup
u"=tn";.t
or pneumatic
ii ai:- air conditioning
A cons'ists of
f
a
i
l
'
s\:s-seas or engines

which can be
valve,
a manual operatei
emergency
d
e
s
c
r
i
b
e
d
t
h
e
opened during
sYstem'
a
i
r
r
a
m
t
h
e
f
r
o
m
air
Cirect
'
c
a
b
i
n
i
h
e
di-rect.lY into

P^cE (;ry

Air
Conditioning

Nep,at

$l

fflfftlirlines

21
(:HAP',AT'A

CIY C L IR E F R I G E R A T I O I \
VAPOF

Ia-', i4:r rA if

-*-ltll

,.i1=EF]
'Ff=tr
i i = 1 E r E=
r=dEF
;

-)

i I

:
F{
F-.'-r-i ;E:
trj E: ,Ea F= F

il==liPi,f==
r r1 r=E**Fi E,F=
liJHLlH,FaFltr
Li

I
|

i
|

!.;
J

!.F<

i
I
t
|

I
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)

J
!
i
;.!

Ji.i
!.i4
L

-'
H
Fl.H

it tl) * r ) F t <. . l=. .1. - 1- . . -

l_:-

H.F-t
H.-:t

|]

li
ti

li il

iL-rL

li::,il

itti;
iF{f

tl

l:l

ll ll'

=i F===

-l
Fi
F<
Ft
!j.i-..H:l-

tt tl

^!tl

lt
lf
rl rl

il

.tl
lf
lr.

t==

-'
N Vr\LVEi
T H E FMI A L E XP A N S I O

ff1'-

It
lHfiEl,:f;,,:f;;f
ll i=rr=t
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iI ' t|
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i
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1

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l i , , ,|, i
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lll l
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L o ws r o r :

IFJ
t->,
lv

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I
tL
-{HF
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'---lili
INililiI

v APOB-"
PR=ssuRE
Lou'
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\\

-lHl-'tnr
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lHt
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-rr
tnr
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itst
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| I
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l ' r : : - , ",

ref::ii ^ f l e e ni t . l o s e s i t : ; h e a t e n e r c i v l t h e
f iquio
gerant v,apor con<len:;es back into
r
e
c
e
i
v
t
:
r
'
l
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1
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e
r
t
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e
i
r
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s
and then
where it is held un:lt ii pas;ses tirc'ugir
--he s'.'s:?n 5cr artcther cYcIe:

.'

'-,i:VAFORITTOFt

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r\J

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l':"1
l'.'t
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il

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lHF

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cooL

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\/apor-Cyc
Ie
DescrlptI on

tt
'l)
0

:
.=

V a p o r - C Y c lA
e l r [ . o n rl tj l o n l n g

and at. the

turtt',
t-he pressurer arld
J.iqrrid refri.gerant

theory

refrigerat-lon

of

sl'ste:m
<:on<litioning'
air
The vapor-cycle
cy(:r

E
r
l
q
e
r
a
t
i
c
'
n
on the s,m
operates
v
r
e tlse
r
e
.
F
r
i
S
e
r
:
a
t
c
'
r
le as the'mecha.rrj-c:aI
r
'
1
'
gel:A
r
e
f
w
a
L
e
r
e
r
n
d
to cool c,ur food
itrto
a
l
i
q
u
i
c
l
f
:
r
:
o
m
i
t
s
;
s
t
:
a
t
t
l
ant chanqes
absort;s heat
a vapor,
and irr doin<; s<>, it
Tlrls heat is taken oul-frorn the cabin.
anrl is give' n <;ff to
slde of t.he aircr;rft
re-as; the.refriqereult
the outsl.de air
turns

to

Transfer

it-s

lJ.qt.ti.d st-ate -

of he;rt

r- rt- will, flow fr<>mrln object hetving a

l-evel c>f e:ne:rgy inLo an olliecl:
u italn
h a v i n g a l o u ' e r l e l r e l . A l r d a n y m e t t e t : i aL
it;
that aIlows thj-s t:ransfr:r easilf
said to t>e a condttctt>r ,:f heaL, wh::le
any mater-iaL that blocks or lmperdes tire
transf er is cal,Iecl atr ilrsu L;ttor
'
a:Lr
The refrj-gerant: us;ed in an aircraft
un<ler
sysg6lm is 'a liquid
conditioning
<:oniij-tj.on:;, but when il j-s sul:certain
'
rorrnded try a,ir harrin,l a higher l.evel of
pass from the tlir
heat enet:gy, he:at will
into the liquicl , ttnd as lt is abso::be<l
by the l:Lquid, wi-Ll cha.nge its state and
become a gasi. llhe air that ga.ve up ltl;
is cc,olerdheat to ,:he rellri(Jerant
Basic val)or-cy(lle of refrigerat-Lon
1!s name im1>lit:s, this coc'lirrg 1>ro'cess actr; irt a cotrtinuous cyc:1e.. Hr-'at is
pickecl u1.lfrom thr: aircraf t calr:-n l>y the
refrlqer;rnt
an<l j-:; carried ourtsj-de thr:
whelre it- is given upr to tlre rlir,
aircraft
a n d t h e n t h e l r r - . fr i g e r a n t r e t t t r n s ; i n s | l e
L o p i c k - r r p e L n o l : h t :l c a d o f h e a t .
T h i s s y s t e m i s --d i ' r i d e d - - i n t o - ! ! l o - - s 1 1 i g 9 - ,
-=_=---:---oie U.TiiEEacclepl:s r:he heat anil ttte t:thr:r-'----...-.-..---.-.'.-t h a E - ? T s l l o s e rs < > f - ' L E ' . ' T h e s i d e t l r a t a c r : -

eplstne*-he-ir-ls

.rai i.am"

5ae-aTlge*ileri-rire r:eErI q5 rant

IemDe;at roF
"*f-,tT;a;-;-Ew
_

.--

-''.--.'.---1-i-+

Gt ;i.1" ;n a.s- 16t;

d;d;slirre -

? h e l r e a t i s g , - j ' e n u p 9 l _ c n e _ n r g - l 1- s l - o e . '
under high pr:es,ne;" Lftirefrj.q;r,anE-1r;
srrre and iias a higr[ ]:emperltqre. tTre-i;ystem is dcvided at tht: c()mpiressor whrerr
v6.por: it; compressei , j nthe refrigerant.
creasing both its pr:sstlre an,l temp'ererI n s l r u c l ( ) rI:S

Cl7 Jas

Date:tr1"rr,93

Page:6,1

vlher:e
expans;iort villve
t
he
o
f
tenperatrlre
'
3
r
:
o
p
p
e
d'
b
o
l
h
are

tLL

cycler ciln be t-racecl by

llhe refrigerat.Lon
r
e
c
e iverr:-rlryer whi ch ac Ls;
t
h
e
at
:;ta:rting
s
t.orel ally cf ther I 'iqu icl
t
o
r
e
s
e
r
v
o
i
r
a
as
th;rt is not: ar:tually
Srasr;ing
r:efrlgerant
t j'me' If
l-hrrtugh the sy:;tem a t zrny given
is l-ost- f rom the siysl:em,
any ref riger:an.t
in the r'ee-Lver
from that
-lt is replac:ed
oll r'uaLt:r irt t-her rr:rlroolet
A tiny
itryt:r:.
needed t'o fre'eze:
11r1,7erant is; aLI thart:Ls
(
l
x
p
'
lIls ion varlvt: tc
j
c
e
of tlre
-Ln the or if
<:omplet-ely s;to'c the sy:;teln operatl'on r Sc '
t is; ul;ed in the r:ectlivet:
ag'311
a clesiccant
i:l-rat
an'y moist-trre
<1r:yer to tr:;rp and hold
should

pc'ss:-bly

l:e

j-n l:he slrstem.

l!ea',res the recerivr:t'rerfrl.gerar,t

.Liquiil
to tlrrl
rlryer
ancl f .Lows urnde:r lf ressure
ottt
.i-t
spraysr
r.'her:e
valve
expansriort
inbc)
o
r
i
f
i
c
e
mel:ering
tiny
throuqih its
r
:
e f . rj - I
'
f
i
e
the ccri-ls; o.E the ev:rpo:rator.
::s irt
buL it
,qerant. is; sr:ilI
a. l:Lquid,
h
;
rvin-cJ
e
a
c
l
t
d
r
o
p
l
r
t
s
,
t
l
n
y
the form of
the metxinrum amourrt of lleat.
'Ihe

is; the r-rnit in aLn air

evapc)rabor
tlt':
syst-em th,al- prodttces
condit:lorti-nr;
Ltrat' heatcold er1r" IL i-s i,n l-his unit
c1z
cabj-n is absorllt:i
from t:he aircraftf:or<:es
an<1 a blower
the rerfrrge.rant,
metal- f'Lrs
Lhrough thc'Lhin
warm;rir
, i t .Ls :ooI.
thaL I.iL ovr--r the e'/ap'lrator
When heal: is absorbr:ii" int-o the re.ir iqe:'rj-nb<l a (Jas
j-t <:hanges 1:rorn a Iiquid
ant,
.Lts tempe'rai:urt-'-'lhe
withotrt
-i.ncreasing
in t-ht:
heat r:emtrlns in t-he refrigerant:
form of ,Lat,ent heat.

wh ich h a:; l- rer ht:a t

The, ret f r:Lge r an t \Iapor
i-:; t;aken int-o the rlc)mfrc,m l:he cabin
eriercJy is; a<1where acldi Lional
pressor,
j
n
c
r
:
e
a
s
e
botlr j ts pl:3sisur:e
deil tct il-- tc
the comf)re:;leaves
It
anil tetmpt:rature.
Tht:
va[)or'
hiqh-pressure
sor as a hot,
v
i
4
)
o
r:i
t
h
e
r
e
f
r
i
g
e
r
a
n
t
:
heaL l:ra1>pe,i in
I
'
a
1-Ls
t
:
t
r
e
i
n
t
o
e
s
(
:
a
p
3
s
in ther concl,lnser
t
f
t;tt
{
'
i
n
:
;
t
h
e
i
.
n
t
o
,:f the coil
t
.
h
e
n
and
F:elati'uelly
these coi-ls.
are press;ed onto
'Lhe aircraf
t-- f Lows
rrool a ir
frt>m outsicle
t
h
e irerat
p
i
c
k
s
u
p
'
the:;e f ins ernd
through
r
j
p
;!hat is glven
by tlrc r,*"frlgerarlt.

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a manual operaterl valve'
c
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e
s
c
r
i
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e
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,rp"t"a during the
sYstem
a
l
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clirectlY

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