First-Quadrant Converter
Load Current iL flows
into the load (+)
Load Voltage is +
Rectifier
Second-Quadrant Converter
Load Voltage is +
Load Current iL flows
out of the load (-)
Inverter
Second-Quadrant Converter
di
0 L
Ri E
dt
i (0) I
L
E
i I e (1 e )
R
0 t kT
R
t
L
R
t
L
t t kT ,
1
i (t ) I
V E
i Ie
(1 e )
R
0 t t
R
t
L
R
t
L
t (1 k)T
2
V
I
R
V
I
R
TR
z
L
S
1 e
E
1 e
R
e e
E
1 e
R
(1k ) z
kz
S2 closed
S2 open
ECE 442 Power
Electronics
10
11
S3 closed
S3 open
12
13
Four-Quadrant Converter
Load Current can be positive or negative
Load Voltage can be positive or negative
14
15
16