Objective:
The objective of this experiment was to,
-
Chemical used:
Table 1:
SR NO
1
Chemical name
Sodium
LOT#
143990
Manufacturer
VWR
Balance#
43
hydroxide
Potassium
1123332569
1001351
hydrogen
3
phthalate
Phenolphthalein
Calculation:
Molarity of NaOH
Table 2: Standardization of NaOH using KHP as primary standard:
No of trials
Initial burette
Final burette
1
2
3
reading (mL)
0.00
0.00
0.00
reading (mL)
48.50
48.20
48.00
Average (mL)
48.23
1. Weight of KHP
= 0.8068 g
Molar mass of KHP 204.22 g/mol
= 0.0039 KHP moles
Moles of KHP x moles of NaOH = 0.0039 moles x moles of NaOH
Moles of KHP
moles of KHP
= 0.0039 moles of NaOH
Molarity of NaOH = 0.0039 moles
0.0485 L
= 0.081457 moles/L
1.
2.
3.
KHP g
0.8068
0.8068
0.8040
KHP moles=
Molarity (NaOH
Average
NaOH moles
moles/Liter
(moles/Liter)
0.0039
0.0039
0.0039
consumed)
0.081457
0.081964
0.082019
0.0818 mol/L
l
u
m
e
0
2
.
2
6
4
2
.
2
6
2
.
2
8
2
.
3
1
2
.
3
5
2
.
3
8
2
.
4
3
2
.
4
7
2
.
5
3
2
.
5
8
2
5
.
6
5
2
.
7
3
2
.
8
3
2
.
9
4
3
1
3
.
3
4
3
5
1
7
5
.
2
3
5
1
1
7
5
9
6
2
1
2
5
3
1
7
6
4
1
1
6
5
1
4
6
6
1
7
6
7
1
8
1
5
6
9
1
.
2
2
6
4
7
2
1
7
6
3
1
9
6
4
1
1
6
5
1
3
6
6
1
5
6
7
1
7
6
8
1
8
6
9
1
.
4
2
6
8
1
1
4
6
2
1
6
6
3
1
7
6
4
1
9
6
5
1
1
6
6
1
3
6
7
1
4
6
8
1
6
6
9
1
7
6
.
9
6
6
1
1
2
6
2
1
3
6
3
1
4
6
4
1
5
6
5
1
7
6
6
1
8
6
7
1
8
1
1
6
2
10
.
7
4
6
1
2
5
6
2
2
6
6
3
2
8
6
4
2
9
6
5
2
6
2
2
6
7
2
3
6
8
2
4
6
11
9
2
6
6
.
8
7
6
1
2
8
6
2
2
3
2
1
6
4
2
2
6
5
2
3
6
6
2
5
6
7
2
6
6
.
12
8
2
7
6
9
2
9
7
2
2
1
2
1
7
2
2
3
7
3
2
4
7
4
2
5
7
5
2
6
7
6
2
8
7
7
2
9
7
13
8
2
1
7
9
2
2
7
.
1
5
7
1
2
6
7
2
2
8
7
3
2
9
7
4
2
1
7
5
2
2
7
6
2
4
7
.
14
7
2
6
7
8
2
9
7
9
2
.
3
2
7
1
2
4
7
2
2
6
7
3
2
7
7
4
2
9
7
5
2
3
7
4
15
6
2
5
7
7
2
7
7
8
2
9
7
9
2
1
7
.
5
4
7
1
2
8
7
2
2
1
1
9
1
0
.
2
7
1
0
16
1
2
3
1
3
5
pH vs volume
12
10
8
pH
6
4
2
0
10
15
Volume
17
20
25
30
averag
H/
d
v
0
0.
2
0
0.
3
0
0.
4
0
0.
3
0
0.
5
0
0.
2
.
2
6
2
6
2
8
2
1
2
5
2
8
2
18
0.
7
2
6
0
0.
5
1
5
0
0.
8
2
7
0
0.
5
1
8
0
0.
3
2
5
2
0.
5
1
11
1
0
0.
3
2
3
2
4
3
6
0
0.
5
2
4
0
1.
3
1
2.
4
3
2
19
6.
5
2
3
5
4
0
0.
1
2
0.
5
2
2
1
2
5
5
0
0.
4
2
0.
5
2
4
1
1
6
3
0
0.
7
2
0.
5
2
6
1
7
6
3
0
0.
20
0.
5
2
8
1
5
6
5
0
0.
3
2
0.
5
2
2
6
2
0
0.
6
2
0.
5
2
2
1
7
6
2
0
0.
9
2
0.
5
2
4
1
1
6
2
0
.
2
2
0.
21
0.
5
2
6
1
5
6
2
0
0.
5
2
0.
5
2
8
1
8
6
2
0
0.
8
2
0.
5
2
2
6
2
0
0.
1
2
0.
5
2
2
1
6
6
1
0
.
4
2
0.
22
0.
5
2
4
1
9
6
2
0
0.
7
2
0.
5
2
6
1
3
6
1
0
0.
0.
5
2
8
1
6
6
1
0
0.
3
2
0.
5
2
2
0
.
6
2
0.
23
0.
5
2
2
1
3
6
1
0
0.
9
2
0.
5
2
4
1
5
6
2
0
0.
2
2
0.
5
2
6
1
8
6
2
0
0.
5
2
0.
5
2
8
1
1
6
1
0
.
8
2
0.
24
0.
5
3
4
6
1
0
0.
1
3
0.
5
3
2
2
6
6
2
0
0.
4
3
0.
5
3
4
2
9
6
1
0
0.
7
3
0.
5
3
6
2
2
6
1
0
0.
25
0.
5
3
8
2
4
6
2
0
0.
3
3
0.
5
3
7
6
1
0
0.
6
3
0.
5
3
.
0.
9
3
2
2
1
0
0.
5
3
4
2
2
6
1
0
.
2
3
0.
26
0.
5
3
6
2
5
6
1
0
0.
5
3
0.
5
3
8
2
7
6
2
0
0.
8
3
0.
5
3
.
0.
1
3
1
0
0.
5
3
2
2
3
7
1
0
.
4
3
0.
27
0.
5
3
4
2
5
7
1
0
0.
7
3
0.
5
3
6
2
8
7
1
0
0.
0.
5
3
8
2
1
7
1
0
0.
3
3
0.
5
3
5
7
1
0
.
6
3
0.
28
0.
5
3
2
2
8
7
1
0
0.
9
3
0.
5
3
4
2
1
7
1
0
0.
2
3
0.
5
3
6
2
4
7
2
0
0.
5
3
0.
5
3
8
2
9
7
1
0
.
8
3
0.
29
0.
5
3
2
7
2
0
0.
1
3
0.
5
3
2
2
6
7
1
0
0.
4
3
0.
5
3
4
2
9
7
4
0
0.
7
3
0.
5
3
6
2
5
7
2
0
0.
30
0.
5
3
8
2
9
7
2
0
0.
3
3
0.
5
3
4
7
4
0
0.
6
3
6.
5
3
2
2
1
1
8
0
0.
2
3
9
1
0.
7
31
0.
0.
5
1
3
8
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
22
23
24
24.5
25
25.1
25.2
5.84
5.88
5.91
6.01
6.03
6.23
6.34
6.44
6.54
6.64
6.75
6.82
6.92
7.02
7.33
7.77
8.66
10.2
10.9
10.96
11.01
Chart 2: pH vs Volume:
pH vs volume
12
10
8
pH
6
4
2
0
10
15
Volume
pH
dV
dpH
dpH/dV
Volume
33
20
25
30
averag
e (mL)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15.5
15.7
15.9
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
22
23
24
24.5
25
25.1
25.2
e
2.38
2.4
2.43
2.46
2.5
2.54
2.58
2.62
2.68
2.73
2.81
2.89
3.01
3.16
3.42
4.4
5.47
5.58
5.71
5.82
5.84
5.88
5.91
6.01
6.03
6.23
6.34
6.44
6.54
6.64
6.75
6.82
6.92
7.02
7.33
7.77
8.66
10.2
10.9
10.96
11.01
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
-25.2
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.15
0.26
0.98
1.07
0.11
0.13
0.11
0.02
0.04
0.03
0.1
0.02
0.2
0.11
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.11
0.07
0.1
0.1
0.31
0.44
0.89
1.54
0.7
0.06
0.05
-11.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.05
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.15
0.26
0.98
2.14
0.55
0.65
0.55
0.2
0.4
0.3
1
0.2
0.5
0.22
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.22
0.14
0.2
0.2
0.31
0.44
0.89
3.08
1.4
0.6
0.5
0.43690
34
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.5
14.5
15.25
15.6
15.8
16
16.15
16.25
16.35
16.45
16.55
16.8
17.25
17.75
18.25
18.75
19.25
19.75
20.25
20.75
21.5
22.5
23.5
24.25
24.75
25.05
25.15
12.6
Discussion:
In this experiment, the technique used is acid-base titration. This involves the reaction of
a standard with the analyte to determine its amount. The volume used in the titration is
measured at the equivalence point.
In this lab, firstly NaOH was made and then was standardized with KHP which was a
primary standard. To get the equivalence point phenolphthalein was used as an
indicator.
After standardization the average molarity of the NaOH was found to be 0.0 M.
After the standardization, unknown acid mixture# 49 was analyzed using standardized
NaOH to find the molarity of H3PO4 and HCl mixture. For the each mL of NaOH added to
the mixture, pH of the solution was measured. The volume of the titrant consumed by
each of the acid in the mixture can be seen from the graph where the first slope
indicates the first equivalent point and second slope indicates the second equivalent
point. Thus, there were two equivalence points were found over the change of pH. The
difference between First and second equivalence point was considered as mL consumed
for HCl and the second equivalence point indicated the mL consumed for H3PO4. After
this calculation was done for both the acids and the molarity was found to be 0.01947 M
and 0.03125 M for HCl and H3PO4 respectively.
Conclusion: From the above experiment it can be concluded that molarity of unknown
acid mixture #49 was found to be 0.03125 M for HCl and 0.02128 M for H3PO4.
35