Unit: Cells

Utah Biology Common Core:

Standard 2: Students will understand that all organisms are composed of one or more cells that are made of
molecules, come from preexisting cells, and perform life functions.

Content Objectives:

SWBAT describe the cell theory and relate the nature of science to the development of cell theory.
SWBAT describe how the relationship between the organelles in a cell and the functions of that cell.
SWBAT illustrate the cycling of matter and the flow of energy through photosynthesis and respiration.
SWBAT distinguish between autotrophic and heterotrophic cells.

Cell Theory
1. Kahoot Pre-Quiz
2. Cell Theory Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU&index=6&list=PLHP_h2kjmU-hQhlfuZutxYeV6oERG4LC
3. Cell Theory Article
Article: http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/36699/title/Sketching-out-Cell-Theory-circa-1837/#.VgQ3PhanLQc.gmail
Annotate with this bookmark
4. Direct Instruction Notes on Cell theory
5. Kahoot Post Quiz
Same quiz as the pre-quiz
6. Microscope Care and Use Guide
Homework
Microscopy
1. Microscope Quiz
Must score at least 80% in order to do the lab. Retest after if score is less than 80%.
2. Microscope Lab
Learn how to use the microscope.
Cell Structure
1. Cell Theory Pop Quiz
List the 3 postulates of the cell theory.
2. Cell Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8&index=7&list=PLHP_h2kjmU-hQhlfuZutxYeV6oERG4LC
3. Organelle/Cell Parts Book
Watch and follow the directions for setting up your accordion book. You will need 12 panels (one for
the title page, and 11 for the 11 cell parts/organelles).
Cell membrane, Cell wall, Chloroplasts, Cytoskeleton, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus,
Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Nucleus, Ribosomes, Vacuoles, Cytoplasm
4. Cell Structure Venn Diagram
Students compare and contrast Bacteria, Plant and Animal cells.

Cell Structure & Function

5. Direct Instruction Notes on Cell Function
6. Cell Function Analogy
Assign as homework and review with students when the return.
7. Organelle Protein Race
Each student works as a particular organelle in the production of proteins to learn the functions of each
of the organelles.
8. Cell Theory/Cell Structure & Function Assessment
Students will take a group test in groups of 3, and an individual test.
9. Lorax How Bad Can I Be Video Clip
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_HUdf89hI8&index=13&list=PLHP_h2kjmU-hQhlfuZutxYeV6oERG4LC
10. Direct Instruction - Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Notes
11. Distopian Future Writing Assignment
Students write a narrative about Earth 100 years from now after all the forests have been destroyed.
12. Equations Race
Students race to write the chemical equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration for extra
credit. Several runs are produced.
13. Equations Pop Quiz
List the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Lesson Checklist: Cell Theory

In order to gain points, you are required to go through every step mentioned on this checklist.
Step 1: Kahoot Pre-quiz (10 questions)
What you need to do: Register with an alias name
Use your knowledge from previous classes when you learned about cell. If you dont remember anything, ask the
person sitting beside you to tell some terms associated to cell. Use your creativity to create you alias. Once you have
your alias, write in the space below:
You name: _________________________________

Alias: _______________________________

Step 2: Play Kahoot Pre-quiz

Your score: _______________

1 pt.

Step 3: Watch the video

What you need to do: Write key ideas associated with the cell in the space below:

5 pts.

Step 4: Read & annotate the article

What you need to do: Write key ideas associated with the cell in the space below:

5 pts.

Step 5: Rewind and Re-capture

Step 6: Kahoot Post-Quiz
Your Score: _______________________

1 pt.

(Once you have finished, please submit the worksheet to Ms. Roach)

1 pt.

Microscope Care and Use

Microscopes are a crucial part of science and we will use them frequently in this class to help us explore the
wonders of science more effectively. This lab is to help you become familiar with the parts of the microscope and their
functions, as well as learn the proper care and use of a microscope.

The Parts of a Microscope:

1
2
3

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Eyepiece
Ocular Lens
Nosepiece
Arm
Objective Lenses
Stage

7. Stage Clips
8. Diaphragm
9. Coarse Focus Knob
10. Fine Focus Knob
11. Light Source
12. Base

6
7
8

9
10

11

12

Function of Microscope Parts:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Eyepiece: User looks through to view the object.

Ocular lens: Magnifies object 10x-15x.
Nosepiece: Revolves to move objective lenses.
Arm: Supports upper parts of microscope. Used to carry the microscope.
Objective lenses: Three or four different lenses that magnify the object 4x-100x.
Stage: Holds slides and can be adjusted up and down as the object is focused.
Stage clips: Hold slides in place.
Diaphragm: Controls the amount of light that reaches the objective lens.
Coarse focus knob: Used to focus with low power objective (coarse focus).
Fine focus knob: Used to focus with high power objective (fine focus).
Light source: Provides light.
Base: Supports the microscope. Used to carry the microscope.

Microscope Care:

The Low- Down on microscope storage: When storing microscopes keep the objective lens on the lowest power
setting, with the stage in the furthest down position.

A Bad Cord Dangles: While using the microscope keep the cords on the table. Most scopes have some means to
bundle up the cord. This will help prevent accidents involving clumsy students, dangly cords, and broken
scopes!
Two-Hand Transport: While carrying the microscope use one hand to hold the arm and the other to support the
base. No swinging with one hand!
Pull the Plug. Dont yank the cord out of the electrical socket from across the classroom! Pull the cord out by
the plug.

Focusing:
1. Start on low power.
2. Move stage all the way up by turning the coarse focus knob. Never move the stage upward with your eye on the
eyepiece. It is easy to break the slide or lens.
3. Look in eyepiece.
4. Keep both eyes open even if there is only one eyepiece.
5. Adjust coarse focus until object is as clear as possible.
6. Adjust fine focus until object is as clear as possible.
Remember the microscope works opposite to your sight. If you move the slide to the left, it will appear to move to the
right. If you move the slide up, it will appear to move downward.

The ocular lens and objective lens work together. If the ocular lens magnifies 10x and the objective lens is set at 10x, the
object is magnified 100x.

Name: _________________________________________________

Period: ___________

Microscope Lab
Purpose: To gain an understanding of how a compound microscope operates.
Procedure: Complete all of the following parts. Make your drawings big and draw the field of view just as you see it,
NOT how you think you should see it! Label all drawings with the magnification you were using. Answer the questions
and write a two paragraph conclusion. Use this lab data sheet along with the Microscope Care & Use guide to properly
use the microscope and answer the questions.
Part A:
Rip off the lowercase e from the bottom left corner of the paper. Place the paper so the e is facing you (not upside
down) on the stage and look at the letter under the 4x, 10x, and 40x objectives. You do not need a slide for this part.
Draw what you see on the 10x magnification in the circle below.
Look at the image of the e that you drew and the original e that you put on the stage.
Field of view:
1) 3 things are different about the original e and the e in the field of view.
How does the image in the ocular piece look different from the e printed on
the paper>

10x
Part B:
While looking through the ocular piece practice moving a prepared slide around under the microscope. Draw what
movements you see on the highest power (40x).
Field of view:

1) What direction does the image move when you

move the slide to the right?

2) What direction does the image move when you

move the slide to the left?
3) What direction does the image move when you
move the slide towards you?

40x

4) What direction does the image move when you

move the slide away from you?

Part C:
Collect 2 pieces of hair, one blond and one dark. Cross the two hairs on a clean slide and draw what you see at the
highest power (40x).
Field of view:
5) Can you focus on both hairs at the same time on
highest power?

6) What limitation of the compound microscope

does this show?

40x
Part D:
Place a clear ruler under the stage clips. Using mm units, measure the diameter of the field of view at low (4x) and
medium (10x) power.
Objective Power

Field of view
diameter

7) What conclusion can you draw about the size of the field of view at
different magnifications?

Low (4x)
Medium (10x)
8) What is the total magnification by each objective?
Objective
4x
10x
40x

Ocular Lens
10x
10x
10x

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION

9) What does the magnification mean in terms of the size of the image in the field of view verses the specimen with
the naked eye?

Conclusion: On a separate piece of paper, write a 2 paragraph conclusion (at least 5 sentences per paragraph). Your
first paragraph should be about the parts of a microscope and how a microscope functions. The second paragraph
should be about the unique optical properties of microscopes.

Extension: If you have completed this lab and still have time, you may look at other things under the microscope (get
teacher approval first). Some ideas (or come up with your own): dollar bills, hair follicles, torn paper, etc. Extra credit
may be available.

Name: ______________________________________________________ Period: ______________________________

Instructions: Look at your notes and your cell parts booklets you made. Write the cell parts that overlap with each
other in the circles below. Once you are done, on the back of this paper write which cell type you think is superior and
why.

Animal Cell

Types of Cells

Bacteria
Plant Cell

Annotation Bookmark
While reading, annotate your text with the symbols
below:

Use a star if something your read seems

INTERESTING

? Use one question mark if something you read

raises a QUESTION in your mind.

??

Use two question marks if something you read

seems CONFUSING.

+ Use a plus sign when you have a CONNECTION to

something youre reading.

# Use a pound sign when you think of a

PREDICTION to make about what youre reading.

Use a check mark when what youre reading

CONFIRMS the PREDICTION you made.

! Use an exclamation point when what youre reading

seems IMPORTANT. (Hint: Information that you may
need later)
Box VOCABULARY words that:
Get repeated
Seem important or
You dont understand

Cell City Analogy

In a far away city called Grant City, the main export and production product
is the steel widget. Everyone in the town has something to do with steel
widget making and the entire town is designed to build and export widgets.
The town hall has the instructions for widget making, widgets come in all
shapes and sizes and any citizen of Grant can get the instructions and begin making their own widgets.
Widgets are generally produced in small shops around the city, these small shops can be built by the
carpenter's union (whose headquarters are in town hall).
After the widget is constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the widget anywhere
in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the carts take the widget to the postal office, where
the widgets are packaged and labeled for export. Sometimes widgets don't turn out right, and the
"rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are broken down for parts or destroyed altogether. The
town powers the widget shops and carts from a hydraulic dam that is in the city. The entire city is
enclosed by a large wooden fence, only the postal trucks (and citizens with proper passports) are
allowed outside the city.
Match the parts of the city (underlined) with the parts of the cell.
1. Mitochondria ______________________________________________
2. Ribosomes ______________________________________________
3. Nucleus ______________________________________________
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum ______________________________________________
5. Golgi Apparatus ______________________________________________
6. Protein ______________________________________________
7. Cell Membrane ______________________________________________
8. Lysosomes ______________________________________________
9. Nucleolus ______________________________________________

Organelle Protein Race

Instructions: Watch and participate in the Protein Race. When answering the below questions, think about what you
and other students did based on the functions of each organelle. Write answers to the questions below.
1. What was the role of the nucleus?

2. What other organelles is the nucleus connected to based on its role?

3. What was the role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?

4. What other organelles is the ER connected to based on its role?

5. What was the role of the Golgi Body?

6. What other organelles is the Golgi connected to based on its role?

7. What was the role of the Mitochondria?

8. What other organelles is the Mitochondria connected to based on its role?

9. What was the role of the Lysosome?

10. What other organelles is the Lysosome connected to based on its role?

11. What factors that happened during the race affected overall protein production?

12. For the parts of the game listed below, write what they represented in the cell.
_________________________ ATP drawn on paper
_________________________ Ziplock bags
_________________________ String of beads
_________________________ Individual beads
13. Why do the organelles need proteins?

Below DRAW a complete animal cell and label the 12 cell parts that we discussed in class that are in your foldable
booklets. In a different color, trace the path that a protein may take in the cell as you experienced in class.

Names: ______________________________________________________________ Period: _____________________

Cell Structure & Function Group Quiz

For questions 1-7 refer to the picture below. Match the organelles & cell parts in the box below with the picture below.
Some of the cell parts/organelles in the list may not be used:

1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________

Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi
Vacuole
Lysosome
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Chloroplast
Nucleus

6. What type of cell is shown in part A of the diagram?

7. What type of cell is shown in part B of the diagram?

8. What is the function of a cells mitochondria?

9. What does the cell make? Why does it make them? What does it make them from?

10. If the cell makes a protein and sends it to the lysosome, what type of protein has it likely made? Why?

11. If there is a problem with the Golgi Apparatus how can that affect the cell?

12. What are 2 organelles that a plant cell has that an animal cell does not? What are the basic functions of
these 2 organelles?

13. What are the two classes of cells that include bacteria, plant and animal cells?

14. List the 3 parts to the cell theory.

Cell Structure & Function Individual Quiz

1. Eukaryotic cells include:
a. bacteria cells only
b. Plant and bacteria
c. Plant, animal & bacteria
d. Plant & animal
2. What organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not?
a. Cell wall & mitochondria
b. Cell wall & Chloroplasts
c. Cell wall, Chloroplasts & vacuoles
d. Cell membrane & chloroplasts
3. The main function of the cell wall is to
a. support and protect the cell.
b. store DNA.
c. direct the activities of the cell.
d. help the cell move.
4. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
a. stores DNA
b. controls most of the cells processes
c. contains the information needed to make proteins
d. all of the above
5. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a. helps a cell keep its shape
b. contains DNA
c. surrounds the cell
d. helps make proteins

6. Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondrion
c. vacuole
d. Ribosome
7. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
a. mitochondria and chloroplasts
b. rough endoplasmic reticulum
c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
8. Which of the following structures serves as the cells outer boundary and regulates what goes in & out of the cell?
a. mitochondrion
b. cell membrane
c. chloroplast
d. channel proteins.

A Dystopian Future Life without Forests

Based on what you know about the flow of energy and materials through photosynthesis and respiration write a detailed
description about a dystopian future taking place in 2115. 100 years from now. The forests have been completely
destroyed on the planet. Refer to the back of this paper to help you with ideas. Write on a separate sheet of paper. Be
very descriptive, and write neatly.
Earth 2115
Choose a place on Earth and describe how having no forests has changed Earth. Think about the sky, the ground, the
water, the climate, the weather, etc. Use descriptive adjectives to describe the Earth.

What does it look like?

What does it smell like?

What do things taste like?

What is the climate/weather like?

What are the oceans and fresh water sources like?

What is the ground like? What grows on the ground?

Describe how life on Earth is affected in 2115. Use descriptive adjectives to describe Life.

What things do the characters no longer have that we currently have?

What do they eat?

What do they wear?

What materials do they use at school?

What do their bedrooms look like?

What modes of transportation do they use?

What are the laws that people are supposed to follow?

What are the animals like? How many different kinds are there?
What natural resources are they able to utilize?

Write a narrative (a story) using at least 1 character who is living in this world you have created.
There must be a plot, conflict and some form of conflict resolution to the story with the character, using photosynthesis
and cellular respiration
The world you have described must be related to what would really happen if all the trees were killed or cut down.
2 pages typed, double spaced, 12 pt font.
Follow English grammar, punctuation and spelling rules.
The majority of your points come from an accurate understanding of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Facts on Deforestation
Fact 1: Forests cover 30% of the earths land.
Fact 2: It is estimated that within 100 years there will be no rainforests.
Fact 3: Agriculture is the leading cause of deforestation
Fact 4: Loss of forests contributes between 12 percent and 17 percent of annual global greenhouse gas
emissions. (World Resources Institute)
Fact 5: There are more than 121 natural remedies in the rain forest which can be used as medicines. 25% of
cancers fighting organisms are found in the amazon.
Fact 6: According to Rainforest Action Network, the United States has less than 5% of the worlds population
yet consumes more than 30% of the worlds paper. On an average, a person in the United States uses
more than 700 pounds of paper every year.
Fact 7: 20% of the worlds oxygen is produced in the Amazon forest.
Fact 8: Tropical rainforests which cover 6-7% of the earths surface, contain over half of all the plant and
animal species in the world! Up to 28,000 species are expected to become extinct by the next quarter
of the century due to deforestation.
Fact 9: Worldwide more than 1.6 billion people rely on forests products for all or part of their livelihoods.
Industrialized countries consume 12 times more wood and its products per person than the nonindustrialized countries.
Fact 10: Trees are important constituents of the ecosystem by absorbing carbon.
Fact 11: Soil erosion, floods, wildlife extinction, increase in global warming, and climate imbalance are few of
the effects of deforestation.
Facts 12: According to Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, about
half the worlds tropical forests have been cleared or degraded.
Fact 13: Deforestation affects water cycle. Trees absorb groundwater and release the same into the
atmosphere during transpiration. When deforestation happens, the climate automatically changes to a
drier one and also affects the water table.
Fact 14: The worlds forests store 283 billion tons of carbon present in the biomass.
Fact 15: Over 4 million tons of junk mail is created yearly. 41 pounds of these junk mails are sent to almost
every adult in the United States. 44% of the junk mail goes unopened.
Fact 16: The paper industry is fourth largest in producing greenhouse gas thereby majorly contributing to
deforestation.

Cells
Cell Theory

Cell Types

Cell
Theory

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Protein
Production

Organelles

Cell Parts

Microscopy
Cell Parts

Cell Parts