E 1302
1. Neraca Massa Komponen dan Neraca Massa Overall
Neraca Massa Komponen
F 1 X F = L1 X L
T 2 t 1 ) (T 1 t 2 )
(T
2 t1
ln T
T t
1
T1 t2 = 64.98o F
T2 = 222.98o F
t1 = 163.4o F
T2 t1 = 59.58o F
Maka:
64.98
LMT D = 59.58 59.58
ln 64.98
LM T D = 62oF
3. Beban Panas (Steam)
Q = w
Dari data diketahui:
w = 1355 kg/jam
= 2658.46 kJ/kg
(untuk P = 89 kPa)
Maka:
Q = 1355 2658.46
Q = 3603283 kJ/jam
Q = 3 4 1 5 3 0 3 . 3 8 Btu/jam
(Tabel A.2.9 Properties of Saturated Steam and Water)
= 20 ft
ID shell
= 23 14 in
ID tube
= 1.37 in
OD tube
= 1 12 in
Dari data dan perhitungan di atas, diperolehlah nilai Design Overall Coefficient:
Ud =
Q
A 4 T LM T D
Maka:
Ud =
3415303.38
675.1 62
U d = 8 1 . 6 0 Btu/jam ft2 o F
at0
144 n
Dengan diketahui:
BW G= 16
a0t = 1.47 in2
(Tabel 10 Kern, 1950)
as = I D
C0 B
144 PT
Dengan diketahui:
PT = 1.875 in
C0 = PT OD = 1.875 1.5
= 0.375 in
B= 16 in
Maka:
1.47
at = 86 144
1
Maka:
0.375 16
as = 23.25 144
1.875
a s = 0 . 5 2 ft2
at = 0 . 8 8 ft2
Gs = W
as
Dengan diketahui:
w= 6200 kg/jam
= 13668.64 lb/jam
Dengan diketahui:
W = 1355 kg/jam
= 2988.15 lb/jam
Maka:
Gt = 13668.64
0.88
Gt = 1 5 5 6 9 . 4 1 lb/ft2 jam
Maka:
Gs = 2988.15
0.52
G s = 5 7 8 3 . 5 lb/ft2 jam
Reynold number
N R e = GtDt
(Persamaan 7.3 Kern, 1950)
Dengan diketahui:
Tavg = 71.5o C
= 0.1083 cp
= 0.26 lb/ft jam
(diperoleh dari software HYSYS)
Dt = 0.11 ft
(Tabel 10 Kern, 1950)
Maka:
0.11
NRe = 15569.41
0.26
N Re = 6 7 8 4 . 6 8
Koefisien transfer panas di tube
1
C 3
k
hi = J H D
k
t
(Persamaan 6.15b Kern, 1950)
N R e = G sD e
(Persamaan 7.3 Kern, 1950)
Dengan diketahui:
Tavg = 106.1o C
= 0.0045 cp
= 0.0109 lb/ft jam
(Gambar 15 Kern, 1950)
De = 0.09 ft
(Gambar 28 Kern, 1950)
Maka:
0.09
NRe = 5783.5
0.0109
N Re = 4 7 8 1 5 . 4
Koefisien transfer panas untuk
condensing steam
k = 0.1989 Btu/jam ft o F
(diperoleh dari software HYSYS)
Maka:
hi = 30 0.1989
0.11
1
0.26 3
72.87
0.1989
h i = 2 3 9 . 3 0 Btu/jam ft2 o F
h o = 1 5 0 0 Btu/jam ft2 o F
ID
OD
Maka:
hio = 239.30 1.37
1.5
h i o = 2 1 8 . 5 6 Btu/jam ft2 o F
Koefisien transfer panas overall
UC =
h o h io
(Persamaan 6.7 Kern, 1950)
h o + h io
Maka:
218.56
UC = 1500
1500 + 218.56
U C = 1 9 0 . 7 7 Btu/jam ft2 o F
Menghitung dirt factor
Rd =
UC U d
(Persamaan 6.13 Kern, 1950)
UC U d
Maka:
81.60
Rd = 190.77
190.77 81.60
R d = 0 . 0 0 7 jam ft2 o F/Btu
f Gt2 L N
5 . 2 2 1 0 1 0 Dt s 0/ s
1
f Gs2 Ds ( N + 1 )
2 5 . 2 2 1 0 1 0 D e s 0/ s
(Persamaan 7.44 Kern, 1950)
N + 1=
N= 1
12 L
B
(Persamaan 7.43 Kern, 1950)
12 20
16
= 15
=
Ds = ID
12
= 23.25
12
= 1.9375 ft
Dari Tabel 7 Kern (1950), diperolehlah
nilai volume spesifik untuk steam:
Vs = 14.326 ft3 /lb
s= 1.53
(Gambar 6 Kern, 1950)
= V1
s
1
= 14.326
= 0.070 lb/ft3
air = 62.5 lb/ft3
s= air
= 0.070
62.5
= 0.00112
0/ s = 1.0
0/ s = 1.0
Maka:
Maka:
2
20
4Pt = 0.0037 15569.41
5.22 1010 0.11
1.531 1.0
4 Pt = 0 . 0 0 2 Psi
2
4Ps = 12 0.0017 5783.5
10
5.22 10
1.9375
15
0.09 0.00112
1.0
4 P s = 0 . 1 6 Psi
RESUME
at =0.88 ft2
Gt =15569.41 lb/ft2 jam
NRe =6784.68
hi =239.30Btu/jam ft2 o F
hio =218.56Btu/jam ft2 o F
as =0.52 ft2
Gs =5783.5 lb/ft2 jam
NRe =47815.4
ho =1500Btu/jam ft2 o F
E 1301
1. Neraca Massa Komponen dan Neraca Massa Overall
Neraca Massa Komponen
F 2 X F = L2 X L
Dengan:
F2 = 5588.73 kg/jam
L2 = 4233.33 kg/jam
Maka:
5588.73 = 4233.33 +V1
V 1 = 1 3 5 5 . 4 0 kg/jam
2. Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD)
LM T D =
T 2 t 1 ) (T 1 t 2 )
(T
2 t1
ln T
T t
1
T1 t2 = 190.8o F
T2 = 347o F
t1 = 149o F
T2 t1 = 198o F
Maka:
190.8
LMT D = 198 198
ln 190.8
LM T D = 194oF
3. Beban Panas (Steam)
Q =W
Dari data diketahui:
W = 3080 kg/jam
= 2787.3 kJ/kg
(untuk P = 1293 kPa)
(Tabel A.2.9 Properties of Saturated Steam and Water)
Maka:
Q = 3080 2787.3
Q = 8584884 kJ/jam
Q = 8 1 3 7 0 1 9 . 1 9 Btu/jam
4. Luas Permukaan Perpindahan Panas
A = N t a 00 L
Dengan diketahui:
Nt
a00
= 20 ft
ID shell
= 19 14 in
ID tube
= 1.37 in
OD tube
= 1 12 in
A = 54 0.3925 20
A = 4 2 3 . 9 ft2
Dari data dan perhitungan di atas, diperolehlah nilai Design Overall Coefficient:
Ud =
Q
A 4 T LM T D
Maka:
Ud =
8137019.19
423.9 194
U d = 9 8 . 9 5 Btu/jam ft2 o F
at0
144 n
as = I D
Dengan diketahui:
BW G= 16
a0t = 1.47 in2
C0 B
144 PT
Dengan diketahui:
PT = 1.875 in
C0 = PT OD = 1.875 1.5
= 0.375 in
B= 16 in
Maka:
1.47
at = 54 144
1
Maka:
0.375 16
as = 19.25 144
1.875
at = 0 . 5 5 ft2
as = 0 . 4 3 ft2
Laju alir massa
Gt = awt
Gs = W
as
Dengan diketahui:
w= 5588.73 kg/jam
= 12321.03 lb/jam
Dengan diketahui:
W = 3080 kg/jam
= 6790.23 lb/jam
Maka:
Gt = 12321.03
0.88
Gt = 2 2 3 5 1 . 0 8 lb/ft2 jam
Maka:
Gs = 6790.23
0.43
G s = 1 5 8 7 3 . 2 6 lb/ft2 jam
Reynold number
N R e = GtDt
(Persamaan 7.3 Kern, 1950)
Dengan diketahui:
Tavg = 67o C
= 0.1115 cp
= 0.27 lb/ft jam
N R e = G sD e
(Persamaan 7.3 Kern, 1950)
Dengan diketahui:
Tavg = 175o C
= 0.0153 cp
= 0.04 lb/ft jam
De = 0.09 ft
Dt = 0.11 ft
(Tabel 10 Kern, 1950)
Maka:
0.11
NRe = 22351.08
0.27
N Re = 9 4 6 0 . 3 9
Koefisien transfer panas di tube
Maka:
0.09
NRe = 15873.26
0.04
N Re = 3 8 5 9 7 . 8 8
Koefisien transfer panas untuk
condensing steam
1
C 3
k
hi = J H D
k
t
(Persamaan 6.15b Kern, 1950)
k = 0.3043 Btu/jam ft o F
(diperoleh dari software HYSYS)
Maka:
hi = 46 0.3043
0.11
1
0.27 3
42.39
0.3043
h i = 4 1 0 . 6 6 Btu/jam ft2 o F
Koefisien perpindahan panas inside
outside
h io = h i
ID
OD
h o = 1 5 0 0 Btu/jam ft2 o F
Maka:
hio = 410.66 1.37
1.5
h i o = 3 7 5 . 0 7 Btu/jam ft2 o F
Koefisien transfer panas overall
UC =
h o h io
(Persamaan 6.7 Kern, 1950)
h o + h io
Maka:
375.07
UC = 1500
1500 + 375.07
U C = 3 0 5 . 0 5 Btu/jam ft2 o F
Menghitung dirt factor
Rd =
UC U d
(Persamaan 6.13 Kern, 1950)
UC U d
Maka:
98.95
Rd = 305.05
305.05 98.95
R d = 0 . 0 0 6 7 jam ft2 o F/Btu
Pressure drop bagian tube
f Gt2 L N
4 Pt =
5 . 2 2 1 0 1 0 Dt s 0/ s
f G s2 D s ( N + 1 )
1
4Ps =
2 5 . 2 2 1 0 1 0 D e s 0/ s
N= 1
N + 1=
12 L
B
(Persamaan 7.43 Kern, 1950)
12 20
16
= 15
=
Ds = ID
12
= 19.25
12
= 1.604 ft
s= 1.53
= V1
s
1
= 3.477
= 0.288 lb/ft3
air = 62.5 lb/ft3
s= air
= 0.288
62.5
= 0.00460
0/ s = 1.0
0/ s = 1.0
Maka:
Maka:
2
20
4Pt = 0.0027 22351.08
5.22 1010 0.11
1.531 1.0
4 Pt = 0 . 0 0 3 0 Psi
2
4Ps = 12 0.0015 15873.26
10
5.22 10
1.604
15
0.09 0.00460
1.0
4 P s = 0 . 2 1 Psi
RESUME
at =0.55 ft2
Gt =22351.08 lb/ft2 jam
NRe =9460.39
hi =410.66Btu/jam ft2 o F
hio =375.07Btu/jam ft2 o F
as =0.43 ft2
Gs =15873.26 lb/ft2 jam
NRe =38597.88
ho =1500Btu/jam ft2 o F
Steam economy
S=
V1 +V2
L
Maka:
+ 611.27
S = 1355.40
3080
S = 0.64