Name: ___________________________________________________________

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Human Anatomy and Physiology (Gr. 11-12)

Date:

Unit: Digestive System and Abdomen

Instructions: Make sure you have all 9 pages and write your name on each page. The following
exam is worth 100 points. Each section has point values provided. There are two essay
questions for which time suggestions have been provided. Take your time and good luck!
Multiple Choice (1 point each): Read each question carefully and determine the correct
response. Please write the letter corresponding to the correct answer next to the question. If it is
unclear which answer you have chosen you will not receive credit.
1. The cranial nerve innervation of the gastrointestinal tract is:
A. Cranial X
B. Cranial V
C. Cranial III
D. Cranial VII
2. What is the inferior boundary of the abdominal cavity?
A. Respiratory diaphragm
B. Iliac crest
C. Pelvic inlet
D. Pelvic diaphragm
3. In addition to the gastrointestinal system, which system has ORGANS in the abdominal
cavity?
A. Urinary
B. Circulatory
C. Reproductive
D. Integumentary
4. Which is the vascular tunic of the stomach?
A. Mucosa
B. Submuscosa
C. Musclar Layer
D. Serosa
5. Peritoneum is what tissue type?
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Muscle tissue
C. Connective tissue
D. Muscle tissue
6. Which hormone is NOT secreted by the ENDOCRINE pancreas

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Name: ___________________________________________________________
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A.
B.
C.
D.

Insulin
Lipase
Glucagon
All of these are secreted by the ENDOCRINE pancreas

7. What is the term for a liver cell?

A. Hepatocyte
B. Enterocyte
C. Myocyte
D. Podocyte
8. Which cell is NOT in the gastric pit of the stomach?
A. G-cell
B. ECL Cell
C. Parietal Cell
D. I-cell
9. What is the target for secretions from an I-cell?
A. Parietal Cell
B. Duct Cell
C. Acinar Cell
D. S-cell

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Date:

Name: ___________________________________________________________
____________________

Date:

10. What correctly describes the structure of bile?

A. Completely hydrophobic
B. Completely hydrophilic
C. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
D. Neither hydrophobic nor hydrophilic.

11. What is the proper ion to nutrient ratio for the cotransporters that bring nutrients into an
enterocyte?
A. 1 Amino Acid/ Glucose per 1 Na+
B. 1 Amino Acid/ Glucose per 2 Na+
C. 1 Amino Acid/ Glucose per 1 K+
D. 1 Amino Acid/ Glucose per 2 K+
12. Which of the following represents nutrient absorption as food moves through each
anatomical section of the small intestine?

A.

B.

C.

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Name: ___________________________________________________________
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Date:

D.

13. Which structure covers the nasal passage during swallowing

A. Epiglottis
B. Glottis
C. Uvula
D. Pharynx
14. What structure provides the support for blood vessels that supply nutrients to the small
intestine?
A. Omentum
B. Mesentary
C. Peritoneum
D. Appendix
15. What is the name for the tube portion of the digestive system?
A. Gastorintestinal tract
B. Alimentary Canal
C. Esophagus
D. The Tube
16. What is the hormone that is responsible for raising a low blood sugar?
A. Secretin
B. Insulin
C. Gastrin
D. Glucagon
17. What is the first portion of the large intestine?
A. Ascending Colon
B. Descending Colon
C. Cecum
D. Sigmoid Colon
18. What is the target of secretions from an acinar cell?
A. S-Cell

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Name: ___________________________________________________________
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Date:

B. Duodenum
C. I-Cell
D. Cecum
19. Which digestive organ mechanically and chemically transforms a food bolus into

chyme?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

20. Amino acids are stored as _______________.

A. Glycogen
B. Glucagon
C. Pepsin
D. Albumin
21. What type of tissue lines the inside of the GI system?
A. Connective
B. Epithelium
C. Mesothlium
D. Muscular

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Name: ___________________________________________________________
____________________

Date:

True/False (1 point each): For each statement, determine if it is true or false. CLEARLY write T
or F in the blank. If it is unclear whether or not you wrote T or F you will not receive credit.
22. __________ Large intestine and colon are synonymous. (II)
23. __________ The molecule that brings glucose into an enterocyte directly requires ATP
__________ for energy.
24. __________ The very first portion of the large intestine is the cecum.
25. __________ Primary innervation of the gastrointestinal system is autonomic
_________c_parasympathetic.
26. __________The hepatic portal system uses valves to prevent backflow of blood.
27. __________ The apical side of an enterocyte faces the lumen.
28. __________ Omentum is specialized peritoneum.

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29. __________ The tongue is a part of the gastrointestinal system.

Matching (1 point each): Clearly write the letter of the answer in the blank next to the question.
If it is unclear which answer you have chosen you will not receive credit.
30 36. Match each enzyme with its product. Each answer may be used more than once or not
at all.
30. _____ Glucose & Galactose
31. _____ Glucose & Fructose
32. _____ Glucose & Glucose
33. _____ Fatty acids
34. _____Maltose
35. _____Amino Acids
36. _____Glycerol
37.
38. 37 45. Match the cell type to its secretion.
39.
40. _____ G-cell
41. _____ ECL cell
42. _____ I cell
43. _____ Parietal Cell
44. _____ Acinar Cell
45. _____ Duct Cell
46. _____ Chief Cell
47. _____ S cell
I.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.

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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Maltase
Amylase
Sucrase
Lactase
Lipase
Peptidase

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.

H+
CCK
Gastrin
Bicarbonate
Lipase
Secretin
Histamine
Pepsinogen

Name: ___________________________________________________________
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Date:

53.

54.
55.
56.
57. 45 54. Match the digestive organ with the name or statement. Each answer may be
used more than once or not at all. (III & IV)
58.
59.
60.
61.

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Name: ___________________________________________________________
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62.
63. _____ Produces amylase
64. _____ Esophagus
65. _____ Has a function of blood detoxification
66. _____ Sigmoid colon
67. _____ Gallbladder
68. _____ Produces bile
69. _____ Appendix
70. _____ Pancreas
71. _____ Is composed of both smooth and skeletal muscle
72. _____ Ends at the pyloric sphincter
73.
74.
75.

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76. Short Answer (2 points each): Answer each question. One word or phrase is sufficient
77.
78. What is the name of serous layer that surrounds the gastrointestinal system and
attaches directly to the abdominal wall?
79.
80.
81.
82.
83. What is the opening in the respiratory diaphragm through which the esophagus emerges
into the abdominal cavity?
84.
85.
86.
87.
88. What is the first phase of digestion?
89.
90.
91.
92.
93. What is the superior boundary of the abdominal wall?
94.
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97.
98. What is the enzyme found in saliva?
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
What is the purpose of bile?
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
Amino acids that are transported across enterocytes arrive at the hepatocytes
through what vessel?
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
What is the motion of muscles that allows for swallowing?

114.
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121.
Essay (15 points each): Answer the following questions on the provided
separate piece of paper. Make sure to write your name on this piece of paper.
122.
123.
Approximately 65% of the human population has a decreased ability to digest
lactose. In a well-formulated paragraph or two discuss the following: (IV) (15 minutes)
A. Is it accurate to refer to lactose intolerance as an allergy? Why or why not?
B. Explain how lactose is digested. Be specific and detailed. Include the products of
digestion and the destination of these products.
C. What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance and what causes these symptoms.
124.
125.
Discussion of the abdominal wall. (I) (15 minutes)
A. List the 4 abdominal wall muscles.
B. In a well-formulated paragraph, describe AT LEAST two functions of the
abdominal wall and provide two examples of how the muscles of the abdominal
wall contribute to these functions.

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exam! Good job!
143.

This is the end of the

144.

145.
Unit: Digestive System and Abdomen - KEY
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. F
8. F
9. T
10.F
11.T
12.D
13.C
14.A
15.E
16.B
17.F
18.E
19.D
20.A
21.K
22.F
23.J
24.K
25.H
26.D
27.A
28.C
29.Parietal peritoneum
30.Esophageal hiatus
31.Insulin
32.Cephalic
33.Xiphoid process
34. Lactose essay MUST include

Allergies refer to an immune response. Because lactose is digested via an

enzyme (a protein) the issue is a genetic mutation.
Lactose is a disaccharide that is broken down into a molecule of glucose
and galactose. Glucose& galactose are taken up into the intestinal
epithelial cell.
Symptoms include abdominal pain and excess flatulence. This is caused
because of the acidic waste and gaseous waste produced by the intestinal
bacterial consuming the lactose when a person cannot.

146.
35. Abdominal wall essay
Rectus abdominus, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal
obliques, transversus abdominus
Functions of the abdominal wall
o Move the trunk
o Protect the abdominal viscera
o Increase abdominal pressure for coughing, sneezing, defecation,
forced breathing
Evidence examples:
o External abdominal obliques rotate trunk
o Transversus abdominus contracts and increases abdominal pressure
Boyles law (P1V1= P2V2)
o Rectus abdominus flexes trunk and laterally flexes trunk
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148.