Akar Pers Satu Var
Akar Pers Satu Var
Materi kuliah:
METODE NUMERIK
Dosen:
Ir. Mahfudz Shidiq, MT
Mahfudz S - TEUB
Mahfudz S - TEUB
24/02/2016
1.1 PENDAHULUAN
Akar
persamaan
adalah nilai
nol sebuah
fungsi
y=f(x)
Akar
Persamaan
adl absis titik
potong kurva
y=f(x) dgn
sb.x
X0
y = f(x)
24 February 2016
x0
adl akar
pers, jika x
diberi nilai x0
pers f(x0)=0
adl benar.
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f(x) = x2 +4x+3
f(x) = 2x + 5
x2=-1
x
x
x1=-3
x=-2,5
BEBERAPA
CONTOH
f(x) = cos x ex
x=. . .
-10
x
x1=. . .
= 2x2016
+5
24f(x)
February
- sin x
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Sukar
memprediksi
(menggambar
Kurva) akar
y=e(x- 5)-5cos x
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10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
y=e(x-5) 5cos x
y=e(x-5)
y=5cos x
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f(b)
f(a)
f(b)
a
f(a)
24 February 2016
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f(b)
f(b)
f(a)
f(a)
a
bb
f(a)
a
24 February 2016
f(b)
b
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Metode
Regula
Falsi
Metode
Bagi Dua
2
3
METODE
PENCARIAN
AKAR
24 February 2016
Metode
Newton
Raphson
Metode
Iterasi
Titik
Tetap
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Mahfudz S - TEUB
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24/02/2016
Diagram alir
Metode Bagi Dua
Tetapkan a, b dan
ya
a
f(xr)
xr
lf(xr) l<
Tdk
ya
f(xr)
xr =
b=xr
Tdk
a+b
a=xr
24 February 2016
f(a)f(xr)<0
Akar = xr
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f(x) = 2x + 5 - sin x
Mahfudz S - TEUB
f(a)
-2,35078
-0,85888
-0,11834
-0,11834
-0,11834
-0,02715
-0,02715
-0,00441
f(xr)
-0,85888
-0,11834
0,24392
0,063647
-0,02715
0,018303
-0,00441
0,00695
12
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Iterasi
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
a
-2,71094
-2,71094
-2,70996
-2,70947
-2,70947
-2,70947
-2,70947
-2,70944
b
-2,70703
-2,70898
-2,70898
-2,70898
-2,70923
-2,70935
-2,70941
-2,70941
xr
-2,70898
-2,70996
-2,70947
-2,70923
-2,70935
-2,70941
-2,70944
-2,70943
f(a)
-0,00441
-0,00441
-0,00157
-0,00015
-0,00015
-0,00015
-0,00015
-6E-05
f(xr)
0,001271
-0,00157
-0,00015
0,000562
0,000207
2,91E-05
-6E-05
-1,5E-05
24 February 2016
Mahfudz S - TEUB
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x3 = x2 -
(b - a )
( f (b) - f (a))
f (a)
(b - x1 )
( f (b) - f ( x1 )) f
(b - x2 )
( f (b) - f ( x2 )) f
xn+1 = x n -
(b - xn )
y- f (a) =
( x1 )
x-a
(f (b)- f (a))
b-a
f(b)
( x2 )
a
f(a)
( f (b) - f ( xn )) f ( xn )
24 February 2016
y=f(x)
B
x1
x2 x3
b
f(x1)
Lokasi Akar
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24/02/2016
x1 = a -
(b - a )
( f (b) - f (a ))
x2 = a -
y=f(x)
f (a)
(x1 - a )
( f ( x1 ) - f (a ))
y - f (a ) =
f ( a)
x-a
( f (b ) - f ( a ) )
b-a
f(a)
x3 x2
x3 = a -
(x 2 - a )
( f ( x 2 ) - f ( a) )
x n +1 = a -
x1
f ( a)
f(b)
Lokasi Akar
( xn - a )
( f ( x n ) - f (a ) )
24 February 2016
f (a )
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PROSEDUR PENYELESAIAN:
1. Tetapkan a dan b sedemikian hingga
f(a) * f(b) < 0.
2. Hitung x1: x1 = a -
(b - a )
( f (b) - f (a) )
f (a)
3. Hitung f(x1)
4. Jika f(a)*f(x1) < 0:
x n +1 = a -
(xn - a )
( f ( x n ) - f (a))
f (a )
n = 1,2,...
f ( xn )
n = 1,2,...
xn +1 = x n 24 February 2016
(b - xn )
( f (b) - f ( xn ) )
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5. Hitung f(xn+1)
6. Jika
f ( xn+1 ) Ketelitian
x = xn+1
8. Selesai
24 February 2016
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f(x) = 2x + 5 - sin x
b-a
f ( a)
f (b) - f (a)
- 2,5 - 3,5
= -3,5 (-2,35078)
0,59847 + 2,35078
= -2,70292 Mahfudz S - TEUB
24 February 2016
x1 = a -
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f ( x1 ) = 2 x1 + 5 - sin x1 = 0.018889
f (a) f ( x1 ) = (-2,35078)(0,01889) 0
Perhitungan kedua:
x2 = a -
x1 - a
f (a)
f ( x1 ) - f (a)
- 2,70292 - 3,5
(-2,35078)
0,01889 + 2,35078
= -2,70928
= -3,5 -
24 February 2016
Mahfudz S - TEUB
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b
-2,5
-2,70292
-2,70928
-2,70942
f(a)
-2,35078
-2,35078
-2,35078
-2,35078
f(b)
0,59847
0,01889
0,00042
0,00001
x
-2,70292
-2,70928
-2,70942
-2,70942
24 February 2016
Mahfudz S - TEUB
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10
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1.4 METODE
NEWTON-RAPHSON
Pendekatan awal: x = x0
Garis singgung di A memotong
sb x di (x1,0),
Grs singgung di A:
y - f ( x 0 ) = f ( x 0 )(x - x0 )
A(x0,f(x0))
Grs singgung di B
y - f ( x1 ) = f ( x1 )( x - x1 )
x 2 = x1 -
f(x0)
y=f(x)
24 Februaryx
2016
3
x2
f ( x1 )
f ( x1 )
B(x1,f(x1))
C(x2,f(x2))
f ( x0 )
f ( x0 )
x1 = x0 -
x3 = x 2 -
f(x1)
x1
Rumus
Umum:
Mahfudz
S - TEUB
x
0
xn +1 = xn -
f (x2 )
f ( x2 )
f ( xn )
f ( x n )21
Prosedur Penyelesaian:
1. Tetapkan nilai pendekatan awal x = x0 dan
derajat ketelitian
2. Hitung nilai fungsi f(x)
3. Jika
f ( xn ) Ketelitian
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xn +1 = xn -
f ( xn )
f ( x n )
x = xn
7. Selesai
24 February 2016
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ya
lf(x)l<
Tdk
Hitung fl(x)
x=x-
f(x)
f (x)
Akar = x
24 February 2016
23
Penyelesaian:
f(x) = 2x + 5 - sin x
fl(x) = 2 cos x
x0 = -2,0 maka f(x0) =1,90930
fl(x0) = 2,41615
x
-2,0000
-2,79022
-2,70983
-2,70942
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f(x)
1,90930
-0,23627
-0,00119
0,00000
f'(x)
2,41615
2,93890
2,90823
24
12
24/02/2016
y=h(x) atau
x=H(y)
y=g(x)
y0=g(x0)
x1=H(y0)
x3=H(y2)
y = h(x) dinyatakan
sebagai:
x = H(y)
y2=g(x2)
x2=H(y1)
y1=g(x1)
Mulai x=x0
24 February 2016
Lokasi akar
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x=y
x=y
y=g(x)
x2
x1
x0
yn = g(xn)
xn+1=g(xn)
xn+1= yn
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24/02/2016
DIVERGEN
Pendekatan/perbaikan berturut-turut menjauhi
titik potong kedua kurva.
y=g(x)
y=g(x)
x=y
x=y
24 February 2016
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Penyelesaian:
Persamaan dinyatakan sebagai
x=
- 5 + sin x
2
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24/02/2016
x2 =
- 5 + sin( -2,5)
2
= -2,79924
- 5 + sin(-2,79924)
= -2,66785
2
Perhitungan sampai konvergen diberikan dalam
tabel berikut:
x3 =
Iterasi
0
1
2
3
4
5
xi
0
-2,5
-2,79924
-2,66785
-2,72811
-2,70090
24 February 2016
Iterasi
xi
Iterasi
xi
6
7
8
9
10
11
-2,71328
-2,70767
-2,71022
-2,70906
-2,70959
-2,70935
13
14
15
16
-2,70941
-2,70943
-2,70942
-2,70942
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15