LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA INTI BATUAN

DISUSUN OLEH:
Nama

: Victor Pandapotan Nainggolan

NIM

: 1201172

Kelompok

: IV ( Empat )

S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN
SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
BALIKPAPAN
2013
i

LAPORAN RESMI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA INTI BATUAN

Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan Praktikum Analisa Inti batuan

Tahun Akademik 2013 / 2014
Program Studi S1. Teknik Perminyakan
Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi
Balikpapan

Disusun Oleh:
Nama

: Victor Pandapotan Nainggolan

NIM

: 1201172

Kelompok

: IV ( Empat )

Dengan Hasil Penilaian

:
Balikpapan, 28 Desember 2013

Disetujui oleh
Dosen Pengampu

Asisten Praktikum

Karmila,ST

Muhammad Khair
NIM. 1101045

ii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI PRAKTIKUM

ANALISA INTI BATUAN
Nama

: Victor Pandapotan Nainggolan

NIM

: 1201172

Kelompok

: IV ( Empat )

No.

Tanggal

Keterangan
1. Acc Tugas Pendahuluan

2. Tugas cara sampling didalam

1.

02 Desember 2013

2.

06 Desember 2013

sumur,dan jelaskan bagianbagian dari diagram fasa

Tugas: kolom destilasi dan contoh

produk, pengganti TEL,dan cara
pemisahan Emulsi
1. Acc acara 2-5 dan perhitungan
2.

3.

17 Desember 2013

4.

20 Desember 2013

Tugas: rumus sifat-sifat fisik

fluida dan rantai HC

1. Acc acara 6-7

2. Final Report

iii

Paraf

KATA PENGANTAR
Rasa syukur saya panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas
berkah dan rahmat-Nyalah saya dapat menyelesaikan laporan praktikum Analisa
Inti Batuan yang telah diberikan. Laporan praktikum Analisa Inti Batuan ini terdiri
dari enam macam percobaan. Di dalam laporan ini terdapat berbagai macam
pembahasan dari percobaan percobaan yang telah dilakukan. Laporan praktikum
Analisa Inti Batuan ini merupakan kelengkapan dari mata kuliah Mekanika
Reservoir.
Kami melakukan percobaan berdasarkan buku penuntun yang disusun oleh
dosen Mekanika Reservoir dan juga berdasarkan petunjuk dari asisten praktikum.
Oleh karena itu saya mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1. Ibu Karmila,ST selaku dosen Mekanika Reservoir
2. Saudara Muhammad Khair selaku Asisten Praktikum.
3. Kedua Orang tua saya, dan
4. Terima kasih juga atas kerjasama teman teman di kelompok
praktikum ini.
Saya menyadari masih terdapat banyak kekurangan dalam penulisan
laporan praktikum ini, oleh karena itu apabila ada salah kata mohon dimaklumi.
Balikpapan, Desember 2013

Penyusun

iv

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.......................................................................................

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN............................................................................

ii

LEMBAR ASISTENSI................................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................

iv

DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................

DAFTAR GAMBAR.......................................................................................

ix

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................

xi

DAFTAR GRAFIK......................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN................................................................................... xiii
BAB IPENDAHULUAN................................................................................

BAB IIPENGUKURAN POROSITAS .........................................................

2.1.Tujuan Percobaan ....................................................................

2.2.Teori Dasar ...............................................................................

2.3.Peralatan dan Bahan ................................................................ 13

2.3.1. Peralatan...................................................................... 13
2.3.2. Bahan.......................................................................... 13
2.4.Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................. 14
2.4.1. Pengukuran Porositas dengan Cara Menimbang........ 14
2.4.2.Pengukuran Porositas dengan Cara Mercury
Injection Pump............................................................ 15
2.4.2.1.Ketentuan Penggunaan Porometer.................. 15
2.4.2.2.Prosedur Penentuan Porositas......................... 15
2.5.Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan............................................. 17
2.5.1. Penentuan Porositas dengan Cara Menimbang............. 17
2.5.2. Penentuan Porositas dengan
Cara Mercury Injection Pump..................................... 18

2.6.Pembahasan.............................................................................. 19
2.7.Kesimpulan............................................................................... 20
BAB IIIPENGUKURAN SATURASI FLUIDA........................................... 21
3.1.Tujuan Percobaan..................................................................... 21
3.2.Teori Dasar................................................................................ 21
3.3.Peralatan dan Bahan................................................................. 25
3.3.1. Peralatan...................................................................... 25
3.3.2. Bahan.......................................................................... 26
3.4.Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................. 26
3.5.Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan............................................. 27
3.6.Pembahasan.............................................................................. 28
3.7.Kesimpulan............................................................................... 29
BAB IVPENGUKURAN PEMEABILITAS................................................. 30
4.1.Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................... 30
4.2.Teori Dasar................................................................................ 30
4.3.Peralatan dan Bahan................................................................. 34
4.3.1. Peralatan....................................................................... 34
4.3.2. Bahan............................................................................ 36
4.4.Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................. 37
4.5.Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan............................................. 38
4.6.Pembahasan.............................................................................. 40
4.7.Kesimpulan............................................................................... 42
BAB VSIEVE ANALYSIS.............................................................................. 43
5.1.Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................... 43
5.2.Teori Dasar................................................................................ 43
5.3.Peralatan dan Bahan................................................................. 49
5.3.1. Peralatan....................................................................... 49
5.3.2. Bahan............................................................................ 50

vi

5.4.Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................. 50
5.5.Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan............................................. 52
5.5.1. Analisa........................................................................ 52
5.5.2. Perhitungan................................................................... 52
5.6.Pembahasan.............................................................................. 55
5.7.Kesimpulan............................................................................... 56
BAB VIPENENTUAN KADAR LARUTAN SAMPEL FORMASI DALAM
LARUTAN ASAM........................................................................ 57
6.1.Tujuan Percobaan .................................................................... 57
6.2.Teori Dasar................................................................................ 57
6.3.Peralatan dan Bahan................................................................. 59
6.3.1. Peralatan....................................................................... 59
6.3.2. Bahan............................................................................ 60
6.4.Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................. 61
6.5.Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan............................................. 62
6.5.1. Hasil Percobaan........................................................... 62
6.5.2. Perhitungan.................................................................. 62
6.6.Pembahasan.............................................................................. 63
6.7.Kesimpulan............................................................................... 63
BAB VIIPENENTUAN TEKANAN KAPILER PADA SAMPEL
BATUAN RESERVOIR............................................................... 64
7.1.Tujuan....................................................................................... 64
7.2.Teori Dasar................................................................................ 64
7.3.Peralatan dan Bahan................................................................. 66
7.3.1. Peralatan....................................................................... 66
7.3.2. Bahan............................................................................ 68
7.4.Prosedur Percobaan.................................................................. 68
7.4.1. Kalibrasi Alat.............................................................. 68
7.4.2. Prosedur Untuk Menentukan Tekanan Kapiler........... 70

vii

7.5.Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan............................................. 71

7.5.1. Pengukuran Tekanan Kapiler....................................... 73
7.6.Pembahasan.............................................................................. 74
7.7.Kesimpulan............................................................................... 78
BAB VIIIPEMBAHASAN UMUM............................................................... 79
BAB IXKESIMPULAN UMUM................................................................... 83
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1

Petroleum System ......................................................................

Gambar 1.2

Jalur Migrasi .............................................................................

Gambar 1.3

Macam Jebakan ........................................................................

Gambar 2.1.

Ilustrasi Porositas Efektif..........................................................

Gambar 2.2.

Pengaruh Sususnan Butir Terhadap Pororsitas......................... 10

Gambar 2.3.

Distribusi Kumulatif Ukuran Butiran dari Graywacke............. 12

Gambar 2.4. Timbangan Digital.................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.5.

Rangkaian Porometer................................................................ 13

Gambar 3.1. Variasi Pc terhadap Sw................................................................ 23

Gambar 3.2.

Gelas Ukur................................................................................ 25

Gambar 3.3.

Exicator..................................................................................... 25

Gambar 3.4.

Solvent Extracator..................................................................... 25

Gambar 3.5.

Retort........................................................................................ 25

Gambar 3.6.

Skema Stark dan Distilatio Apparatur...................................... 26

Gambar 4.1.

Skema Percobaan Pengukuran Permeabilitas........................... 32

Gambar 4.2.

Kurva permeabilitas efektif untuk sistem minyak dan air........ 33

Gambar 4.3.

Rangkaian Liquid Permeater.................................................... 35

Gambar 4.4.

Rangkaian Gas Permeameter.................................................... 35

Gambar 4.5.

Burette....................................................................................... 35

Gambar 4.6. Thermometer............................................................................. 35

Gambar 4.7.

Cut off Valve............................................................................. 36

Gambar 4.8.

Special Lid................................................................................ 36

Gambar 4.9.

Discharge.................................................................................. 36

Gambar 4.10. Pressure Regulator.................................................................... 36

Gambar 5.1.

Gravel Packing.......................................................................... 44

Gambar 5.2.

Sieve Analysis........................................................................... 44

Gambar 5.3.

Elektrik Sieve Shacker.............................................................. 49

Gambar 5.4. Torison Balance......................................................................... 50

Gambar 5.5. Tyler Sieve................................................................................ 50
ix

Gambar 5.6.

Mortar dan Pestle...................................................................... 50

Gambar 6.1.

Mortar dan Pestle...................................................................... 59

Gambar 6.2.

Oven.......................................................................................... 59

Gambar 6.3.

Erlenmeyer................................................................................ 59

Gambar 6.4.

Kertas Saring............................................................................. 59

Gambar 6.5.

Soxhelet Aparatus..................................................................... 60

Gambar 6.6. ASTM........................................................................................ 60

Gambar 6.7.

HCL atau Acid.......................................................................... 60

Gambar 6.8.

Methyl Orange.......................................................................... 60

Gambar 7.1.

Kurva Tekanan Kapiler............................................................. 66

Gambar 7.2.

Measuring Screw...................................................................... 67

Gambar 7.3.

Pump Cylinder.......................................................................... 67

Gambar 7.4.

Pump Scale............................................................................... 67

Gambar 7.5.

Pressure Hoss............................................................................ 67

Gambar 7.6.

Mercury Injection Cappilary Pressure Apparatus..................... 68

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1.

Ukuran Porositas dengan Harga di Lapangan............................... 11

Tabel 4.1.

Hasil Perhitungan Permeabilitas Masing-masing Tekanan........... 40

Tabel 5.1.

Hasil Percobaan dan Perhitungan Sieve Analysis......................... 52

Tabel 5.2.

Opening Diameter dan % Berat Kumulatif................................... 52

Tabel 7.1.

Pressure Volume Correction.......................................................... 71

Tabel 7.2.

Hasil Percobaan............................................................................ 72

xi

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 4.1.

Kurva Permeabilitas Absolut terhadap 1/Pressure...................... 40

Grafik 5.1.

Grafik Opening Diameter terhadap % Berat Kumulatif.............. 55

Grafik 7.1.

Grafik Correct Pressure terhadap Mercury Saturation................ 76

Grafik 7.2.

Grafik Hubungan Tekanan Terhadap Volume............................. 77

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN

Pengukuran Porositas

LAMPIRAN

II

Pengukuran Saturasi Fluida

LAMPIRAN

III

Pengukuran Permeabilitas

LAMPIRAN

IV

Sieve Analysis

LAMPIRAN V

Penentuan Kadar Larut Sampel Formasi dalam Larutan

Asam

LAMPIRAN VI

Penentuan Tekanan Kapiler pada Sampel Batuan Reservoir

LAMPIRAN VII

Tugas Pendahuluan

xiii