Benarkah 1 + 1 = 2?
(a+b)(a
(a+b)(a-b)
b) = (a2-b
b2)
Subtitusi b = a
(a
( + a)(a
)( - a)) = a2 - a2
(a + a)(a - a) = a(a - a)
a=a+a
1 = 1 + 1 ???????
Variabel penelitian:
Gejala yang nilainya bervariasi.
Gejala yang nilainya selalu tetap tidak dapat
:1
:2
Variabel Bebas
Kemacetan
Jml.
Kendaraan
Kemacetan
Jml.
Kendaraan
Variabel Intervening
Inter ening
Adalah tipe variabel-variabel
yang
ya
g mempengaruhi
e pe ga u
hubungan antara variabel
independen dengan variabel
dependen menjadi hubungan
yang tidak langsung.
Variabel intervening
merupakan
k variabel
i b l yang
terletak diantara variabel
dengan
g variabel dependen,
p
,
sehingga variable
independen tidak langsung
menjelaskan atau
mempengaruhi variable
dependen.
Variabel Moderator
Kond.
Kond
Jalan
Emosi
Kemacetan
1. Skala Likert
2. Skala Guttman
3. Skala
Sk l Semantic
S
i Deferensial
D f
i l
4
4. Skala Rating
g
Jml.
Kendaraan
Kemacetan
Jml.
Kendaraan
Sangat setuju
Setuju
Tidak ada pendapat
Tidak setuju
Sangat
g tidak setuju
j
skor 5
skor 4
skor 3
skor 2
skor 1
Tidak
Buruk
Belum Pernah
Tidak Punya
y
5.
Sangat Baik
Dalam
D l
skala
k l rating
i data
d
yang diperoleh
di
l h adalah
d l h data
d
Wanita 1
Laki-laki 2
Nominal scales,
scales in a sense
sense, are not really scales at all
all. They are just simply
labels. For example, variables such as gender are nominal variables. Such
categories data are usually measured on nominal scale, since we merely
assign category labels to observations.
observations A numerical example of a nominal
scale is the set of numbers assigned to basketball players. These numbers are
for the convenience labeling for distinguishing players rather than
measuring different
d ff
levels.
l l The
h data
d
that
h is in nominall value
l is also
l called
ll d as
category data.
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stat2.html
Adalah
Ad l h skala
k l pengukuran
k
yang sudah
d h dapat
d
Sri Ratu
Moro
M t h i ..
Matahari
Rita I .
Rita II
Super Ekonomi .
1
3
5
2
4
6
htt //f
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stat2.html
lt
hi t
d / h dl / t t ht l
An interval scale assumes that the measurements are made in equal units. However,
an interval scale does not have to have a true zero. Good examples of interval scales
are the Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales. A temperature of "zero" does not
p
is jjust an arbitrary
y zero point.
p
mean that there is no temperature...it
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stat2.html
Ratio scales are similar to interval scales. A ratio scale allows you to compare
differences between numbers. For example, if you measured the time it takes 3 people
to run a race,
race their times may be 10 seconds (Racer A)
A), 15 seconds (Racer B) and 20
seconds (Racer C). You can say with accuracy, that it took Racer C twice as long as
Racer A. Unlike the interval scale, the ratio scale has a true zero value.
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stat2.html
Tipe Pengukuran
Skala
Kategori
Peringkat
Jarak
Perbandingan
Nominal
Ya
Tidak
Tidak
Tidak
Ordinal
Ya
Ya
Tidak
Tidak
Interval
Ya
Ya
Ya
Tidak
Rasio
Ya
Ya
Ya
Ya
Nominal
N
i l scales,
l
in
i a sense, are not really
ll scales
l at all.
ll Th
They are jjust simply
i l llabels.
b l F
For
example, variables such as gender are nominal variables. Such categories data are usually
measured on nominal scale, since we merely assign category labels to observations. A
numerical example of a nominal scale is the set of numbers assigned to basketball players.
players
These numbers are for the convenience labeling for distinguishing players rather than
measuring different levels. The data that is in nominal value is also called as category data.
Interval scales is a set of numerical values for a quantitative variable. Interval scales have a
specific numerical distance or interval between each pair of levels. E.g. Income level (10k20k, 20k-30k, 30k-40k).
Ordinal scales,, in a sense,, falls in between nominal and interval. It consists of categorical
g
scales having a natural ordering of values, but undefined interval distances between the
values. For example, you can rank the appointments in an organization in terms of prestige
with no defined numerical interval. Another example is social class. Social class can be
arranged
d as llower, middle
iddl and
d upper class.
l
The
h scales
l are not nominal
i lb
because the
h categories
i
are naturally ordered with no intervals. We call them ordinal scales.
Ratio scales Examples are the common physical ones of length, volume, time and alike.
With these
th
scales,
l we can speak
k about
b t ratios,
ti e.g. 10 seconds
d iis ttwice
i as llong as 5 seconds.
d