DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL.........................................................................................................i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN JURUSAN.....................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR.....................................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................................iv
DAFTAR TABEL..........................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR....................................................................................................viii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.

Latar Belakang Perusahaan..................................................................................1

Sejarah Perusahaan...............................................................................................1
Tujuan Kerja Praktek............................................................................................3
Ruang Lingkup kerja Praktek...............................................................................4
Waktu dan Tempat pelaksanaan Kerja Praktek....................................................4
Tata Letak Pabrik..................................................................................................4
Visi dan Misi Perusahaan.....................................................................................6
Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan............................................................................7

BAB II DESKRIPSI PROSES

2.1 Sejarah Umum Kertas.........................................................................................13
2.2 Proses Produksi..................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Stock Preparation......................................................................................13
2.2.2 Paper Machine..........................................................................................16
2.2.3 Finishing Converting.............................................................................21
2.3 Bahan Baku Produksi.........................................................................................22
2.4 Bahan Penunjang Produksi.................................................................................26
2.4.1 Filler.........................................................................................................26
2.4.2 AKD ( Alkyl Ketene Dimer )....................................................................27
2.4.3 Cationic Starch.........................................................................................27
2.4.4 OBA ( Optical Brightning Agent )............................................................27
2.4.5 Dyes..........................................................................................................27
2.4.6 SSA (Surface Sizing Agent )....................................................................28
2.4.7 Retention Aid............................................................................................28
2.4.8 Biocide......................................................................................................28
2.4.9 Defoamer..................................................................................................28
iv

Halaman
2.4.10 PVA ( Polyvinyl Alkohol )......................................................................29
2.4.11 Tapioka...................................................................................................29
2.4.12 Enzym.....................................................................................................29
2.4.13 NaOH......................................................................................................29
2.4.14 NaOCl.....................................................................................................29
2.4.15 Wax Emulsion.........................................................................................30
2.4.16 Flokulan..................................................................................................30
2.4.17 Allum ( Al2(SO4)3.18H2O ).....................................................................30
2.4.18 CaCl2 ( Calcium Chloride )....................................................................31
2.4.19 Zinc Sulfat ( ZnSO4 )..............................................................................31
2.4.20 BOC ( Boli Out Chemical )....................................................................31
2.5 Bahan Bakar.......................................................................................................34
2.6 Pengawasan Mutu Bahan....................................................................................34
2.6.1 Pengawasan Mutu Bahan Baku................................................................35
2.6.2 Pengawasan Mutu Bahan dalam Proses...................................................35
2.6.3 Pengawasan Mutu Produk........................................................................37
BAB III ALAT PROSES DAN INSTRUMENTASI
3.1 Spesifikasi Alat Unit Stock Preparation.............................................................39
3.1.1 Pulper........................................................................................................39
3.1.2 Pulper Chest..............................................................................................40
3.1.3 Magnetic Stirrer........................................................................................40
3.1.4 Double Disc Refiner.................................................................................40
3.1.5 High Centrifugal Cleaner.........................................................................41
3.1.6 Flow Tank.................................................................................................42
3.1.7 Mixing Chest............................................................................................42
3.1.8 Medium Chest..........................................................................................42
3.1.9 Machine Chest..........................................................................................42
3.1.10 Settling Tank...........................................................................................43
3.1.11 Shower Pit...............................................................................................43
3.2 Spesifikasi Alat Unit Paper Machine..................................................................44
3.2.1 Fan Pump..................................................................................................44
3.2.2 Centrifugal Cleaner..................................................................................44
3.2.3 Horizontal Screener..................................................................................44
3.2.4 Pack Pulper...............................................................................................45
3.2.5 Head Box..................................................................................................45
3.2.6 Screen wire ( Plastic wire ).......................................................................46
3.2.7 Press Part..................................................................................................48
Halaman
iv

3.2.8 Dryer.........................................................................................................48
3.2.9 Size Press..................................................................................................50
3.2.10 Vibro Screen...........................................................................................50
3.2.11 Calender..................................................................................................51
3.2.12 Calender Pit............................................................................................51
3.2.13 Silo Pit....................................................................................................51
3.3 Spesdifikasi Alat Finishing Converting...........................................................52
3.3.1 Mesin Cutter.............................................................................................52
3.3.2 Mesin Rewinder........................................................................................52
3.3.3 Mesin E.C.H Will.....................................................................................53
3.3.4 Mesin Pemco............................................................................................53
3.3.5 Mesin Tinting............................................................................................53
3.3.6 Mesin Printing..........................................................................................53
3.3.7 Mesin Embossing.....................................................................................53
BAB IV SISTEM UTILITAS DAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH
4.1 Pengolahan Air...................................................................................................54
4.2 Steam..................................................................................................................56
4.3 Listrik.................................................................................................................56
4.4 Pengolahan Limbah............................................................................................57
4.5 Maintenance........................................................................................................58
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Kesimpulan.........................................................................................................59
5.2 Saran...................................................................................................................59

iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1 Diagram Alir Stock Preparation.....................................................................15
Gambar 2.2 Aliran Steam dalam Proses Drying................................................................20
Gambar 2.3 Struktur Molekul OBA ( Optical Brightening Agent)....................................27
Gambar 2.4 Bagan BOC Alkaline......................................................................................32
Gambar 2.5 Bagan Boil-out Alkaline.................................................................................33
Gambar 2.6 Bagan Boil-out Acid.......................................................................................34
Gambar 3.1 Pulper.............................................................................................................39
Gambar 3.2 Pulper Chest...................................................................................................40
Gambar 3.3 Double Disc Refiner.......................................................................................41
Gambar 3.4 High Centrifugal Cleaner...............................................................................41
Gambar 3.5 Settling Tank..................................................................................................43
Gambar 3.6 Centrifugal Cleaner........................................................................................44
Gambar 3.7 Horizontal Screen...........................................................................................45
Gambar 3.8 Head Box........................................................................................................46
Gambar 3.9 Dryer..............................................................................................................49
Gambar 3.10 Size Press.....................................................................................................50
Gambar 3.11 Vibro Screen.................................................................................................50
Gambar 3.12 Calender.......................................................................................................51
Gambar 3.13 Mesin Rewinder...........................................................................................52
Gambar 4.1 Diagram Alir Pengolahan Air Bersih.............................................................55
Gambar 4.2 Aliran White Water.........................................................................................56

iv

DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 3.1 Temperatur pada Group Dryer...........................................................................49
Tabel 4.1 Jumlah Konsumsi Bahan Kimia untuk Pengolahan Air Bersih.........................54
Tabel 4.2 Standar Kualitas Air Limbah Industri Menurut Pemerintah..............................57
Tabel 4.3 Standar Kualitas Air Limbah Industri di PT. Indah Kiat Pulp &
Paper Tanggrang Mill........................................................................................57

iv