GLASS CONTAINER

DEFECT
Causes and Remedies

COPYRIGHT EMHEART GLASS

HERTFORD DIVISION
All Rights Reserved
TW0738/1191

INDEX

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
1.

2.

The examination of a Container

The various Parts of a Container
Main Types of Sealing Systems
Suggestions for Remedying Container Defects
Definition of Terms Used
Defects Requiring immediate Action
Freaks
Split Finish
Checked Finsh
Crizzled Finish
Unfilledfinish
Choked Neck or Bore
Bottom Check
Thin Ware
Spike
Stuck Glass Particles
Finish Defects
Offset Finish
Bulged Finish
Chipped Finish

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1
2
4
6
10
12
14
16
18
19
20
20
21
22

3.

4.

Broken Finish
Overpress
Corkage Check
Neck Ring Seam
Out-of-Round and Off-Gauge Finishes
Dirty of Rough Finish
Tear Under Finish
Bent or Crooked Finish
Neck Defects
Seam on Neck Ring Parting Line
Bent Necks
Long Necks
Hollow Finish or Neck
Dirty Neck
Pinched Neck
Danny Neck or Tear on Neck
Shoulder Defects
Shoulder Checks
Thin Shoulders

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35
35
36
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5.

6.

Sunken Shoulders
Body Defects
Stringy Glass
Hot or Panel Checks
Pressure Checks
Blank and Blow Mold Seam
Bird Cage (Bird Swing)
Brulse Checks
Letter Checks
Sunken Sides
Bulged Sides
Wash Boards
Cold Molds
Bottom Defects
Flanged Bottom
Thin Bottom
Thick or Heavy Bottom
Rocker Bottom
Baffle Marks
Swung Baffle

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69
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Wedge Bottom Heel Top

General Defects
Brush Marks
Black Spots
Shear Marks
Oil Marks
Broken Ware
Loading Marks
Drag Marks
Lap Marks Or Wrinkles
Out Of Shape Ware
Uneven Or Bad Distribution
Dirty Ware
Stuck Ware
Blisters
Seeds
Cords
Stones

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The Examination of a Container

A good container is a container that will go through the
customers filling line without causing any difficulty will carry
his product to the customer.

When a glass container fails on the customers filling line

because of a manufacturing defect, the reputation of glass
suffers, which results in a loss of customer good-will Always
remember; The Price of a Quality Container is Eternal
Vigilance.

It is therefore essential that before a container is released for

scale from the glass plant . It successfully passes an insection
with standards set to meet the customer s needs.

Remedies offered hopefully give you a basic understanding of

defects and their causes. In some instances , several
remedies may be needed to correct the causes.

There are approximately one hundred defects which can

develop in the container during the production process, some
beyond the control of the operator , for example stones; but by
far the largest number occur either in the feeder or machine
operation.
It is important that all production personnel learn to recognize
the defects and understand what remedies to use in order to
eliminate them.

The Various Parts of a Container

In order to identify in a container. It is most useful to know all the
various types and parts of the container.
Types of containers

Narrow Neck Type

Parts of a Container

Wide Mouth Type

The Finish
This is the top of the container above the neck ring parting line. It
includes:
The Sealing Surface
Bore
Bead or Color
The sealing device is in the finish (see next section), also the
bore or mouth for filling and emptying.
The bead or color is used to assist in transferring the parison
into the blow mold.
The Neck
The part which extends from the parting line to the curve at
the base of the neck.
The Shoulder
This extends from the base of the neck to the straight part of
the body.
The Body
The main part of the container which holds the product.

The Bottom
The part of the container on which it stands when upright.
Insweep
The curve between body and bottom which helps to improve
glass distribution and thus strength.
Push-Up
The center of the bottom which is raised up to provide a flat
surface on the outer edge of the bottom and thus provide a
firm seating.

Main Types of Sealing Systems

The finish is one of the most vital parts of the container. It
must be free of all serious defects to guarantee complete
sealing on the filling line. Some defects, such as crizzles on
the top sealing surface. May cause a container to leak slowly ;
which will only be discovered when opened and the container
to leak slowly; which will only be discovered when opened and
the contents found to be stole or to have spolled.
1. Top Sealing
Crown Cork The sealing surface is on the
top the finish and used for narrow neck
containers being filled under pressure.
Thread or Lug The sealing surface on the top
of the finish is closed by a screw type ca. Used
for wide mouth jars and narrow neck bottles.
2. Side Sealing
The sealing surface is on the side of the finish
and the cap is pressed on to seal the contents. It
is used for wide mouth jars in the food industry.

3. Cork Sealing
The seal is made on the inside of the
finish. It is used with narrow neck bottles.

Suggestions for Remedying

Container Defect
It is essential the the machine operator be able to isdentify
defects quickly and accurately ,and to know how to
remedy them. In this handbook all the major defects have
been listed , with an accurate description and a sketch
indicating the appearance of the defect and the position in
the container where it is most commonly found.
On the left page, the causes of the defect have been
listed, and in a corresponding position on the right hand
page are the remedies.
The operator should frequently examine the containers
passing along the conveyor from machine to stacker.
Approximately once every twenty minutes, but depending
on production speed, one container from each mold
should be set out and allowed to cool so that it can be
handled and thus examined more closely for defects. Dont
waste these containers if they are not faulty and have not
been damaged put them into the lehr.

Definition of Terms Used

Before correcting a defect , always remember the

following;
1. How many of the particular defects are rejects?
2. If corrected, what other types of defects may be
produced as a result of the adjustment made?
3. Only make adjustments when certain it will produce a
better container.

Incorrect Too High or Too Low

Too Much or Too Little
Too long or Too Short
Blank
Blank Mold

For Example:

Parison

If a few checks were appearing in the finish, do not

immediately reduce settle blow pressure or time .if it is
known that the finish r bore will then be outside
specification.
THINK BEFORE YOU ACT

Mold

Blow Mold

The shape of the hot glass as it comes from

the blank mold.
Alphabetical List of Sections Causes and Remedies
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.

Feeder
Machine setup and Operation
Mold Equipment
Conveyor
Stacking Equipment
Inspection Equipment
Lehr Operation

SECTION 1
Defects Requiring IMMEDITE ACTION
Standards are set by the Quality Control Department
for most types of defects, but certain ones require
immediate action;
FREAKS
SPLIT FINISH CRIZZLED FINISH
CHECKS UNDER FINISH
UNFILLED FINISH
CHOKED NECK OR BORE
BOTTOM CHECK
THIN WARE
STUCK GLASS PARTICLES
SPIKES
If the operator is fully in control of the production on the
machine, containers with any of the eleven faults listed above should
never reach the annealing lehr.

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General Defects
STONES

Definition : Small pleces of refractory or unmelted batch materials.

Note :

The production personnel cannot cure this defect, but it must be reported
immediately , as it is symptomatic of more serious trouble.

Some Possible Causes

1. Refractories from the furnace or foreheart are falling into the molten glass.
2. Batch materials are contaminated or incorrectly melted.
3. Furnace pull may be too high.
4. Flames impinging on furnace refractories.
5. Contaminated cullet.

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