SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

SIMPLE HARMONIC MO
TION
MOTION

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PERIODIC

MOTION

Any motion which repeats itself after regular interval of time is called periodic or harmonic motion.
In case of periodic motion, force is always directed towards a fixed point which may or may not be on the
path of motion.
Examples of periodic motion are :
Motion of hands of clock
Motion of earth around the sun.
Motion of electron around the nucleus
Motion of a ball in a bowl
Motion of a liquid in a U tube.
TIME PERIOD OF MOTION :
The constant interval of time after which the motion is repeated is called the Time period.
Example :
Time period of motion of hours hand of a clock is 12 hours.
The revolution of earth around the sun is a periodic motion. Its period of revolution is one year
OSCILLATORY MOTION
A periodic motion in which body moves to and fro (or back and forth) along the same path about a mean
or equilibrium position is called oscillatory (or vibratory) motion.
Oscillatory (or vibratory) motion is a constrained periodic motion between certain precisely fixed limits.
Examples of oscillatory motion are :
The motion of the prongs of a tuning fork
The motion of a ball in a bowl
The motion of needle of a sewing machine.
The motion of a mass hung on a spring.
Some other examples of oscillatory are'
The motion of molecules in a solid around fixed lattice sites, the perpetual motion of atoms within molecules.
Motion of electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave.
SPECIAL NOTE :
It is to be noted here that every oscillatory motion is periodic but every periodic motion is not oscillatory. For
a periodic motion to be oscillatory it should be confined between certain fixed limits.
When the oscillating body moves from mean or equilibrium position to one extreme and then to the other and
back to mean position, it is said to have completed one vibration.
GEOMETRICAL
REPRESENTATION
OF
S.H.M.
If a particle is moving with uniform speed along the circumference of a circle, then
the motion of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the particle on the diameter
of the circle is called 'SHM'.
Description of S.H.M. Based on Circular Motion:
Draw a circle, with radius equal to amplitude (A) of S.H.M.
Suppose a particle is moving with uniform angular velocity on the circumference
of the circle.
The foot of perpendicular drawn from particle on horizontal or vertical diameter of circle
performs S.H.M.