TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: JAR TEST
EDITION:
REVISION NO:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
2
FEB
2015
AMENDMENT DATE:
BNP 20503
EXPERIMENT CODE
EXPERIMENT 6
EXPERIMENT TITLE
JAR TEST
DATE
GROUP NO.
LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR/TUTO
R
1)
2)
ATTENDANCE/PARTICIPATION/DISIPLINE:
/5%
INTRODUCTION:
/5%
PROCEDURE:
/5%
/15%
ANALYSIS
/15%
DISCUSSIONS:
/20%
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
/15%
CONCLUSION
/10%
/5%
REFERENCES:
/5%
TOTAL:
/100%
1
EXAMINER COMMENTS:
FACULTY : ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: JAR TEST
EDITION:
REVISION NO:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
2
FEB
2015
AMENDMENT DATE:
I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to
not accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it
is true.
1) Group Leader
Name
:
Matrix No. :
__________________________________________(Signature)
__________________________________
__________________________________
2) Group Member 1
Name
:
Matrix No :
__________________________________________(Signature)
__________________________________
___________________________________
3) Group Member 2
Name
:
Matrix No. :
__________________________________________(Signature)
__________________________________
__________________________________
FACULTY : ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: JAR TEST
EDITION:
REVISION NO:
EFFECTIVE DATE:
2
FEB
2015
AMENDMENT DATE:
1.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To determine the optimal coagulant dose which will produce the highest
removal of a given water turbidity.
2.0LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this course students are able to:
a) To identify the most common coagulant used in the coagulant process.
b) To determine the most effective and optimum dosage of coagulant for a
particular mixing intensity and duration.
c) To understand the complex interrelationships that exists between the
chemicals and the constituents of the water being treated, as well as other
factors such as pH, temperature, the intensity and duration of mixing.
3.0INTRODUCTION
3.1Raw water and wastewater are normally turbid containing solid particles
of varying sizes. Particles with sizes greater than 50 m settle fairly
rapidly. The settling velocities of colloidal particles of sizes less than 50
m are very slow. Thus, these particles are encouraged to collide leading
to coalescence of particle to form flocs particles, which are bigger and
heavier. These particles will have higher settling velocities and easily settle
out. Colloidal particles do not agglomerate by itself due to the presence of
repulsive surface forces. A process is needed to suppress these forces so
as to allow flocs formation.
3.2This process is called coagulation process. It is actually the addiction of
chemical coagulant to the raw water or wastewater. Coagulant that
normally used are salts of aluminium namely aluminium sulphate and
ferric salts namely ferrous sulphate and ferric chloride. The next process
that follows the coagulation process is flocculation. It is the process that
promotes particles collision due to gentle agitation resulting in
agglomeration of smaller non-settleable particles into flocs (bigger
particles) which settles easily to produce clarified water. Addition of
coagulant aid such as synthetic polymer will accelerate settling.
4.1
Instruments/Materials
1. Jar test apparatus with six rotating paddles blade
2. Six (6) beakers
3. pH meter
4. Turbidity meter
5. Pipette
4.2
Reagents
Aluminum sulfate (alum) with a known concentration or
anionic/cationic coagulant such as ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride.
PROCEDURE
5.1
5.2
Prepare samples of wastewater into six different beakers with one litre
each and label the beakers.
5.3
Add in coagulant aid with different dosage and one control sample.
5.4
5.5
RESULTS CALCULATIONS
6.1 Results
control
none
none
none
Floc formation
(final 10 minutes)
*
Table 6.2: Jar test 2 (Set the pH value)
Initial turbidity : _______ NTU
Initial pH : _______
pH adjustment (base) : ______ mg/L of ____________
pH adjustment (acid) : ______ mg/L of ___________
Coagulant concentration : _______ mg/L
Jar No
1
2
3
pH
6.0
6.0
6.0
Coagulant
dose
(mg/L)
Agitate (minute)
Fast (rpm)
Slow (rpm)
Settling depth
(mm)
Turbidity (NTU)
Floc
formation
(final 10 minutes)
*
4
6.0
5
6.0
6
6.0
control
none
none
none
* Floc formation can be recorded by referring to the measurement scale as depicted in Figure 1.
ANALYSIS
DISCUSSIONS
Discuss your results by compare the level of turbidity in each sample. With the aid
of a graph, show the relationship between pH and turbidity with respect to
coagulant dosage. From the graph, get the optimum value for pH and coagulant
dose of the coagulation process. Explain the implications of using different dosage
of aluminium sulphate in the treatment process.
ADVANCED QUESTIONS
1. By using aluminium sulphate, the mechanism is :
Al3+
3H2O
Al(OH)3
3H
10
CONCLUSION
Signature/Tandatangan :
Signature/Tandatangan :
ADNAN
Date/Tarikh :
FEBRUARY 2015
Date/
2015
Date/Tarikh : FEBRUARY