METALLURGY

SUBMITTED TO:NIDHI BANSAL MAM

SUBMITTED BY:ARSHDEEP SINGH

10TH B
Roll No. 4

Metallurgy

The extraction of metals

from their ores and refining

it is known as metallurgy

M et a l u r g y
Enr ic hm ent of t h e or e
r e m oval of gangue

Conver s io n of t h e or e in t o suit a ble f o r m

Physic al m et h od

Chem ic al m et h od

Hydr a ulic w ashin g

Leachin g

f r o t h float io n
ele ct r o m agnet ic seper a t io n

Roast in g

Calc in at io n

Reduct io n

Refinin g

By heat in g(Hg)

Liq uat io n(Sn, P b)

By heat in g w it h C( Zn , F e)

Dis t il a t io n (Zn, Hg )

Ele ct r o ly t ic r e duct io n (Na, M g . . . )

Ele ct r o ly t ic r e finin g ( Cu, Hg , A U)

ENRICHMENT OF ORE
Process used for removal of the
GANGUE
GANGUE Soil, Sand and Earthy
Impurities

Enrichment processes
Hydraulic washing

Froth Floatation

Electromagnetic
separation

Chemical Method

Dissolve ore + Hot and Conc. NaOH

Al2O3 + 2NaOH -> 2NaAlO2+H2O
Filter it- add dil HCl
NaAlO2 + 2H2 O + HCl - Al(OH)3 + NaCl
Filter the ppt wash,dry and Ignite
2Al(OH)3 - Al2O3 + 3H2O
Pure Bauxite is obtained

REDUCTION
Conversion of concentrated ore into a more
suitable form
Roasting -- Heating the Sulphide ore in
presence of air to form an Oxide ore
2ZnS+3O2 2ZnO + 2SO2

Calcination -- Heating the Carbonate ore

in the absence of air to form an Oxide ore
ZnCO3- ZnO + CO2

Reduction

Low in the reactivity series ----

Heating ---- e.g..2HgS + 3O2 2HgO +2SO2
2HgO(S) - 2Hg + O2 (g)
Middle in the reactivity series
Heating with C (Smelting)
ZnO + C --Zn + CO
High up in the reactivity series Electrolytic
reduction

REFINING
LIQUATION:
Used for metals having low M.P. Pb,Sn
Impurity(High M.p.)

Metal
(low M.P.)

Hearth

REFINING

DISTILLATION
Metals used are Volatile - Hg ,Zn
The impure metal is heated in a retort.
The Pure metal distils over and is
condensed in a receiver.
The impurities are left behind in the retort

k
ELECTROLYTIC REFINING
Metals used are ---Cu,Zn,Sn,Ni,Ag,Au

CuSO4 +
H2SO4

A
H

K
N

U
O
Y