Ruth

Thomas

Ft

-UwRT-rro?04r-

k(wo
froz-Lll

rnqeirytm-pogl-

UNLT

+rrpt:o..,.-

t+itnnh Ulto

'@
Annotated BibliograPhY
Bj<irk, Lars G, Tricia Browne-Ferrigno, and Theodore J. Kowalski. "The Superintendent and
Educational Reform in the United States of America." Leadership and Policy in Schools13.4 (2014):444-465. Web. 8 March

2016'

Theggint of this article is to explain the basic structure of the chain of command in the
US education system and describe the role of superintendents and discuss the evolution

of the position due to reform. Th"

rygr,"

is to inform the reader about the complexity

of

of this
the superintendent and of common misconceptions about the position. The authors

or
article are all highly guahfiqd plg&ssgrs in the deparfrnents of educational academics
educational leadership studies. Professor Kowalski even teaches a class on
superintendency. The article contains mostly
facts.

lgg..

as

it is based on many studies and

I think this article is effective for the subject at large, but it is not effective for my

individual essay

as

I am more focused on the United

States education compared to other

countries rather than one specific position in the education system'

Leading
Dimmock, Clive and Cheng Yong Tan. "Explaining the Success of the World's
StudiesEducation Systems: the Case of Singapore." British Journal of Educational

(2015): l-24.Web.12 March 2016.

This article summarizes the teaching style and other factors that lead to the success in

Singapore and compare these methods to research about what makes a successful
education system. Its PurPose, however, focuses more on arguing why Singapore's model

would not necessarily be successfirl if applied elsewhere. Both the authors are
experienced professors with impressive resumes who study education, which makes them
credible. The authors use logos, as it a research based article. However, the piece is

also ''

argumentative and uses strong diction as well. This is an effective article for the subject
at large as it raises some interesting points.

It will be effective for my

essay, because

it /

provides information about learning styles in different countries as well as techniques to

improve education.
Use
Hendrickson, Katie. "Assessment in Finland: A Scholarly Reflection on One Country's

of

Formative, Summative, and Evaluative Practices." Mid-Western Educational Researcher.

25 (2013):33-43. Web. 10 March 2016.

Th" pofu of this article is to inform the reader about differences between education in
may
Finland and the United States. The purpqlq is to propose that the United States
education
benefit from considering the Finnish educational policies. The author works in

article uses
management at code.org, making her a credible source on education. The
effective
logos by referencing many studies. This is effective for the subject as it argues
points backed by research. It may be effective for my essay if I decide to focus on aspects

of the Finnish education sYstem.

,/

./

Beyond-"
Kumashiro, Kevin. "Reframing the 'Bad Teachers' in the United States and

Multicultural Education Review.6.l

The

ryin1of

(zfi$: l-20. Web. 14 March z0rc'

this article is to outline the underlying issues mlsked by blaming teachers

puts it,
and principals. The pu{pose is a call to action (or as the author

"acallto engage")

to increase equitable public education for all students. The article uses logos and an
anecdote to demonstrate how we ask the wrong questions about education. This is

effective for the subject at large. This will be effective for my essay in discussing the
problems in US public education, background information, and the differences among
C

countries.

r e d^ iorri

Ht

Dongmei. "Surpassing Shanghai: an agenda for American education built on the world's
leading systems." Internationol Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 28.5 (2015):
632-635. Web. 10 March 2016.
The nointof this article is to review a book. The purpose is to agree with and stress the
ideas listed in the book. The author is credible source as she is with the departrnent

of

educational administration at the University of Texas. This is effective for the subject
large as well as my individual essay.

at
\/

.,

ta&<xc"-tc

Porter, Eduardo. "School vs. Society in America's Failing Students." The New York Times. 3

November 20l5.Web. 8 March 2016.

The pornr!_of this article is to discuss whether United States education is really as far

behind as national scores often make them seem. The pypqse is to show both sides of the
argument of the impact of soeioeconomic status in the US on education. The author is a
ist who often writes about economics. The author uses elhos and adds
,/

l^or"credibility by quoting

professors and referencing studies. This essay is effective

bothmy essay and the subject

atlarge.

for
/

Schmidt, William and Nathan Burroughs. "PuzAingOut PISA: What Can International
Comparisons Tell Us about American Education?" Americun Educator;3g.1 (2015):2431. Web. 12 March 2016.

./

4
to learn' Its
learning gaps and unequal opportunity
The pgrnr!sf this article is to discuss

pElpglgistodiscussthesegapsaswellasexplainhowtoproperlyinterpretPISAtest
Center
Schmidt is founder and director of the
rankings. The authors are crglibp5gurces'

of the Education Policy center at Michigan

for the study of curriculum, and director

University' The
is a research associate at Michigan State
State university, and Burroughs
article' This is an
and graphs (logos) to support their
authors use several research studies
as well as my essay'
effective article for the subject at large

T*g,

stanford Report' 20
system outshines U'S' education'"
Stephen. "How the Finnish school
January 2012-Web. l0 March 2016'

Thepg!ofthearticleistodescribethedifferencesbetweeneducationalphilosophiesin
the United
purpose of the article is to propose that
Finland and the United States. The

Statesala|yzettrephitosophiesofFin]andandapplywhatcouldbeculturally
for the Stanford
source; he is science-writing intern
credib-lq
a
is
author
The
appropriate.
research'
logos and ethos by quoting and referencing
News Service. The article employs
for my
It is effective for the subject at large and

essay'

-/

Heeter' Broken Pencil Productions'

Examination'Dir'chad
Globat
A
Minutes:
Million
Two
2008. Film.

high school
to demonstrate the difference in the
The point of the documentary is
that students in
united States, India, and china' It models
experiences of students in the
than students in the
intensity of studies and more drive
China and India have a greater
states'
is to bring awareness to united
united States. The purpoglof the documentary
Chad Heeter is an
it will take years to reconcile the issue'
students before it is too late, as
He has worked with BBC' PBS Frontline/World'
international joumalist and filmmaker'

nl

PBS Newshour, POV, Washingtonpost.com, and

Al lazeeralnternational,

among others.

As he has done a great deal of work writing and filming around the world, he is a credible
source to bring information by way of documentary comparing these countries. The

documentary uses logos by providing statistics throughout the film. The film also uses

ra
a

pathos through interviews where professionals and educators discuss the consequences

of

the lack of competitiveness of students in the US. I think this is effective for the subject at
large, because the use of watching real people in real time is relatable. Instead of simply
reading statistics on a page, I was able to see real people behind the numbers. I think it

will

be effective for my individual essay also, because it provides statistics and examples

of specific differences in education systems around the world.

-/

/ iK(

tlt
on(
\)
kh'u
$

oarrcLs

UO\