Stasis Grid

Author Info

Source Type

Categorical

Definitional

Causal

Evaluation

Action

Jurisdiction

Up to three names,
write them all; 4+,
write first name et
al. (i.e., Smith et al.)

(popular, scholarly,
trade, government)

Does X exist?

Is X a Y?

Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of X?

Is it good or bad? Fair

or unfair? Harmful or
beneficial?

What should be
done about X?

Who is responsible?

Popular

women who
base their
self-worth on
their
appearance
are likely to
post more
pictures of
themselves on
social media
seeking
validation.

1. Olivia
Fleming

2 Lauren
Berninger

2. Jasmine
Fardoule
y, Zali
Yeger

Does the
unawareness of
girls that
Instagram
models use
apps to edit
their pictures
cause negative
body images?

Popular

Popular

Are the models

who retouch
their photos to
blame?

The messages the

community sends
to young women
is more harmful
than social media
itself.
Women who
went on
Facebook for
20 minutes
wanted to
change more
about their hair,
face and skin
rather than
their bodies.

20 minutes on
Facebook
causes women
to feel worse
about their day.

We need to
be teaching
our girls that
we control
the media and
that it doesnt
control them.

People are to
blame for girls
negative self
image, not
social media.
Parents and
educators need
to talk to girls
from an early
age to prepare
them for the
environment
social media
creates.

Stasis Grid
4. Mary
Duenwald

Popular

5. Kasey Serdar

Scholarly

today's
culture holds
up standards
of thinness
that do not
make sense
for the
average
woman and it
is high time
women stood
up to the
pressure.
a majority of
the models
displayed on
television and
in
advertisement
s are well
below what is
considered
healthy body
weight.

The fact that

widespread
negative body
image
coexists with
the growing
weight
problem is
''no accident,''

The mass
media's
depiction of
women
portrays a
standard of
beauty that is
unrealistic
and
unattainable
for a majority
of women in
society.

Body
dissatisfaction
and
preoccupation
with food,
shape, and
weight are
some of the
core features
in the
diagnostic
criteria of
both anorexia
nervosa and
bulimia
nervosa.

The phenomenal
success of
Curves, many
experts say, is a
sign that women
are accepting,
and therefore
taking better
care of, their
bodies.

Author Info

Source Type

Categorical

Definitional

Causal

Evaluation

Action

Jurisdiction

Up to three names,
write them all; 4+,
write first name et
al. (i.e., Smith et al.)

(popular, scholarly,
trade, government)

Does X exist?

Is X a Y?

Does X cause Y?
Is Y a result of X?

Is it good or bad? Fair

or unfair? Harmful or
beneficial?

What should be
done about X?

Who is responsible?

Stasis Grid
6. Rick Nauert

Medical
Website

7. Nichola

Scholarly

Lanzier, Tom
Hildebrandt

Researchers
have
discovered a
teenage girls
social group
plays more of
a role than
social media,
television and
the big screen
on influencing
body image.
Self
objectification
involves a
process of body
monitoring,
whereby an
individual
exhibits a selfconsciousness
that motivates
increasing
surveillance
about his own
appearance.

He recalls
seeing shirtless
men with no
chest hair and
well defined abs
on the covers of
health and
fitness
magazines and
thinking that is
what real men
are supposed to
look like

social media
use may provide
a new arena for
peer
competition,
even if it does
not directly
influence
negative body
outcomes.

On the whole,
neither
television
exposure to
thin ideals nor
social media
use predicted
body
dissatisfaction
, whereas peer
competition
did.
As he consumed
more and more
of these cultural
messages from
movies and TV,
his focus turned
to achieving this
desired
masculinity and
social status
through his
physical
appearance.

Stasis Grid
8.

Yuko
Yamamiyaa,
Thomas F.
Cashb, , , Susan
E. Melnykb,
Heidi D.
Posavacc,
Steven S.
Posavacd

Scholarly

However, an
idealization of
thinness is
positively
correlated
with body
image
dissatisfaction
, which is
often
accompanied
by social
anxiety,
depression,
eating
disturbances,
and poor selfesteem.

The study's
results
indicate that
even a 5 min
exposure to
thin-andbeautiful
media images
results in a
more negative
body image
state than
does exposure
to images of
neutral
objects,
particularly
among young
women with
high mediaideal
internalization
levels and
social
comparison
tendencies.
The adverse
effect of the
media
exposure was
significantly
reduced
among highinternalization

Societal and
institutional
changes are
needed to deemphasize
unrealistic
physical
standards.
The media
could use
average-sized
models
instead of thin
ones, as the
former may be
equally
effective in
ads without
adversely
affecting the
body image of
women with
high
internalization
.

Stasis Grid
women when
they were
given medialiteracy
information
and either
asked to recall
and write
down the
information or
induced to
make written
arguments
against the
media's thinideals based
on the
information.
9. Lawrence O.
Amazue

Scholarly
Results revealed
more
overweight
amongst the
urban females
than the rural
females and
females with a
low self-esteem
were mainly
from the urban
females than
from the rural
females.

The finding
further revealed
that locality, in
terms of place of
residence,
significantly
influenced
female
adolescents
perceived selfesteem to the
effect that rural
dwellers were
found to report
significantly
higher levels of
self-esteem than
their urban

Adolescents
should be exposed
to intervention
programmes that
would enable them
withstand the
pressures of mass
media and the
cultural orientation
of Nigerians
regarding body
image should be
encouraged.

Stasis Grid
counterparts.

10. Amanda
Nerini

Scholarly

Interestingly,
with respect
to ballet
dancers
perceived
media
pressure
predicted
body
dissatisfaction
both directly
and indirectly
via athletic
internalization
, but not via
thin-ideal
internalization
.

Given the
relationship
of body
dissatisfacti
on to the
developmen
t of
disturbed
eating
behaviors,
these
findings
suggest the
importance
of
promoting
young
aesthetic
performers'
ability to
avoid body
comparison
with their
sport ideal
models and
to critique
media
representati

The dancers,
even if
slender,
reported
greater
dissatisfaction
with their
bodies than
their nonphysically
active
counterparts,
suggesting
that
participation,
even
recreationally,
in sports that
value leanness
or aesthetics
could be
related to
higher levels
of body image
concerns
before
adolescence.

Stasis Grid
ons of
athletes in
order to
reduce the
impact of
media
influence on
body
dissatisfacti
on
11. CATE CURTIS
and CUSHLA
LOOMANS

Scholarly

It is noteworthy that
though
participants
felt that their
mothers
should accept
their bodies,
this belief in
selfacceptance
did not extend
to
themselves

Another
negative
consequence
of fat-talk is
that when a
woman is of a
size generally
considered to
fit within the
norms of
healthy (for
example
within the
healthy range
of the BMI),
but complains
that she is fat
to someone of
a similar size,
it sends the
message that
the second
person should
also be

family teasing
about weight is
common, with
more than half
the young
women in their
study reporting
being teased by
family members
in the previous
year, and in no
instances was
parent weighttalk or family
weight-teasing
associated with
better outcomes
for young girls.

Stasis Grid
unhappy with
her body.

12. Chiara
Rollero

Scholarly

According to
the first
perspective,
based on media
literacy
approach, when
individuals
become aware of
the artificial and
deceptive nature
of media
techniques, their
level of
internalization of
beauty standards
is reduced.

Moreover, the
current study
confirms the key
role played by
internalization
as mediator:
media convey
beauty ideals,
but is it the
internalization
of these
messages that
guides the
perception of
ones body and
worth

One of the
few studies
carried out to
test the effects
of media
literacy has
actually shown
that schoolbased media
literacy lessons can
significantly
reduce the
level of
internalization
of media
ideals in
young
adolescent
boys and girls

Stasis Grid
13. Common

Video

The main
message
transmitted
through these
outlets are that
young girls
would be
happier, sexier,
and feel better
if they
changed their
body image by
losing weight
and getting
extremely fit.

Sense Media

14. Allie Kovar

Scholarly

The BMI of
the cover
models has
been
decreasing
with every
new year.

Cosumano
and
Thompson
suggest that
perhaps the
constant
bombardment
of ultra thin
pictures
desensitizes
its viewers to
the thin ideal
and perhaps
does not have
as high of an
effect on their
body
dissatisfactio
n and body

Secondly,
role models
for these
girls need to
redefine
beauty, and
celebrate
the unique
beauty
everyone
posses.

If their role
models don't
succumb to
pressures
created by
mass media, it
will be easier
for the girls to
resist these
messages as
well.

It wasnt bad
enough that
supermodels
were
bombarding
our culture
with negative
body image
references, but
now these
reality
shows with
real people
are portraying
the same
message.

Stasis Grid
image.

15. Kristen Van Scholarly

Vonderen,
William
Kinnaly

It is nearly
impossible to
find the exact
origin of body
image
attitudes.
Instead it may
be more
useful to
consider that
the variables
serve to
reinforce one
another and
strengthen
existing
attitudes,
despite where

If the viewers
life
experiences
are similar to
the media
content that
they are
consuming,
the media
messages are
more likely to
have an effect
on them.
Resonance
suggests that
peer and
media
attitudes to

However,
broadly
speaking, peer
attitude
toward
thinness was
the primary
factor
associated
with
internalization
of the thin
ideal.

Stasis Grid
they originate.

reinforce one
another,
strengthening
these attitudes
regardless of
their origin.