1.

Howdoascribedandachievedstatusesservetoidentifywhoapersonisinaculture?
Whatarereferencegroups?Howarereferencegroupsexperiencedinsociety?

Theascribedandachievedstatusesarewordsorphrasesthatareusedtoidentifyindividuals,
whotheyareorwhattheyareincultureandsociety.Theascribedstatusesareassignedorgiven
toapersonbythesocietysincethedayheorshewasborn,soitsnotsomethingcancontrolby
thatperson.Someexamplesofascribedstatusesaregender,age,eye,hair,andskincolors,race
andethnicity.Almostalloftheascribedstatusesareimpossibletochange,yetwecanchangethe
limitationsconnectedwiththem.Theachievedstatusesaretheoppositesofascribedstatuses,in
whichtheyarenotchosenorassignedtoaperson,butareobtainedforsomethingheorshehave
done,basedonhis/herabilities,choicesandefforts.Examplesofachievedstatusesincluded
student,father,teacher,Olympicathlete,criminals,etc.Theseascribedandachievedstatusesare
positionsthatindividualsoccupythroughouttheirlifetime.
Referencegroupsareanysocialgroupswithindividualswhoformthoughtsandbehaviorsbased
onthestandardsofthegroupstheyarebelongto.Amanwhojoinedagroupwillcomparehimto
others,followandimitatewhatanotherpersonorotherindividualsinthatgroupdoandstarted
doingthesamethingtobefitinandtoberecognizedasamemberoftheingroup.Wecanbe
belongtodifferentreferencegroupsatthesametimebecausewemeetandinteractwithdifferent
typesofpeopleeveryday.Referencegroupssetupstandardconductsandbehaviorsothatpeople
canusethemtomeasurethemselvesandothers.Individualsinareferencegroupform
connectionsthatwecallasocialnetwork,inwhichtheycreatesocialinteractions,notonlywith
theirpeersbutalsowithpeopleoutsideofthatgroup.Theseinteractionshaveinfluencesonthese
individuals,thusgraduallyshapedandledthemtobecomethesameasotherpeopleinasociety.
CompletedbyNhiTu

2.Whatisasocialrole(giveexamples)?Howdoesoneviolatehisorherrole?Whatis
meantbyroleexit?Andhowdoesroleexitrelatetothesocializationprocess?Distinguish
betweenprimaryandsecondarygroups(giveexamples).DonebyRoxanneLomibao
Asocialroleisasetofexpectedbehaviorsforpeoplewhooccupyagivensocialstatus(Witt,
105).Examplesofsocialrolesarepoliticiansknowingthelaw,doctorscuringillnesses,anda
postmandeliveringtheneighborhoodsmail.Onecanviolatehisorherrolethroughroleconflict
whichoccurswhenincompatibleexpectationsarisefromtwoormoresocialstatusesheldbythe
sameperson(Witt,105).Thisispredominantlyseenbyoccupationswhicharentcommonforthe
oppositesextooccupy.Anexamplewouldbeafemalepoliceofficerroamalepreschool
teacher.
Roleexitistheprocessofdisengagementfromarolethatiscentraltoonesselfidentityinorder
toestablishanewroleandidentity.Thisismostlyseenininterviewssuchasexconvicts,former
doctors,retirees,etc.thathavevoluntarilyexitedfromsignificantsocialroles.Byroleexiting
andcreatinganewidentityforthemselves,thisputstheindividualinasocializationprocessby
acquiringnewculture,language,andskillstofitinwiththenewidentity.
CoinedbyCharlesHorton,primarygroupisasmallgroupcharacterizedbyintimate,
facetofaceassociationandcooperation(Witt,108).Examplewouldbeyourfamilybecauseitis
alongtermcommitmentandinvolvemoreofwhatwethinkasourwholeself.Secondarygroup
referstoaformal,impersonalgroupinwhichthereislittlesocialintimacyormutual
understanding.Anexamplewouldbeasocialclubbecausetheybecomesolargeandimpersonal
thattheylosethefunctionsofaprimarygroup.
Completedby:RoxanneLomibao

3.Whatismeantbyingroupandoutgroup?Howisingroupconnectedtoprimary
group?Howisoutgroupconnectedtosecondarygroup?
Ingroupsandoutgroupsareexactlywhattheysoundliketheyaregroupsofinclusionand
exclusion.Ingroupsareinclusivetoitsmembersmakingeveryonehaveasenseofbelonging.
Eachpersonaddstothedynamicofthegroupwhichhelpscultivateanintimacy.Outgroupsare
theopposite,theyaregroupsofoutsidersorcompetitors.Outgroupsconsistofpeoplewhoare
oftenlookeddownuponbyotherswhofeelsuperiortothem.Whileoneispositiveandtheother
isnegativetheyarebothstillrelatabletoprimaryandsecondarygroups.
Aningroupcanspecificallyrelatetotheprimarygroupbecausebothgrouptypesarecentered
aroundintimacyandbelonging.Aprimarygroupconsistsofanemotionalsupportand
facetofaceinteractionsforexample:yourimmediatefamilythatyoulivewith.
Outgroupcanspecificallybeconnectedwiththesecondarygroupbecauseoftheirlackof
connectionandintimacy.Asecondarygrouptendstobemorefunctionallydrivenwhichmeans
theyworktowardsgoalsandtasks.Bothanoutgroupandasecondarygroupareformedby
largergroupsofpeopleandtheydonothavetosociallyinteracttobelabeledwhattheyare.For
exampletheLGBTcommunityisconsideredandoutgroupbecausetheyareseparatedfromour
culturenorms,butthatdoesnotmeanthatthiswholegroupinteractswitheveryoneelseintheir
grouporknowsoneanother,theyjusthappentohavethesamesexualpreferenceswhichare
differentfromsocietalnorms.
(AdrianaPerez)

4.Thefivefunctionalprerequisitesthatasocietymustsatisfyifitistosurvive?Describe
thedifferencesbetweenorganicandmechanicalsolidarity.ByNelyMaldonado
1)Family
a)Biologicalreproduction
b)Socialreproduction
c)Providecareandprotectionformembers
2)Educationisfordividingsocietybylevelofachievement.
I.Teachesformalandpublicculturenecessarytobememberoflargersociety
a)Academicsubjects
b)Howtointeractwithpeopleoutsidethefamily
3)Ideology:Religionsuppressesdissatisfactionwiththeprovisionsofsociety
I.Establishclearidentitywith:
a)Sharedbeliefsandpractices
b)Answeringquestionsaboutmeaning
c)Enforcingindividualandcollectivediscipline
4)Economy:Economiesservetoseparatethehavesfromthehavenots
a)Regulatestheproduction,distributionandconsumptionofgoodsandservices
5)Polity:SocietiesarerunbyaneconomicgoldenruleThosewhohavethegoldrule
I.Government
1)Helpsmaintaininternalorder
a)Laws
b)Policing
c)Punishment
II.Establishstablerelationswithothersocietiesthroughdiplomacy
MechanicalSolidarityandOrganicSolidarityrefertotheconceptsofsolidarityasdeveloped.
Mechanicalsolidaritynormallyoperatesintraditionalandsmallscalesocietiesanditisusually
basedonkinshiptiesoffamilialnetworks.Organicsolidaritycomesfromtheinterdependentthat
arisesfromspecializationofworkandthecomplementariesbetweenpeoplewhichisa
developmentwhichoccursinmodernandindustrialsocieties.