10-Retaining Wall and Piles

DESIGN
10 RETAINING WALL AND RETAINING

PILES
1Page
(10-RET. WALL & RET. PILES ) ENG. BAHI ABU ZAID MO:- 01111073437
Retaining wall
. -
TYPES OF RETAINING WALL:- GRAVITY WALL:- like masonry wall , R.c. wall and
counterfort wall
Masonry wall
2Page
R.c. wall
Counterfort wall
3Page
Stability of rigid walls

Rigid wall failures due to
- Sliding failure
- Over turning failure
- Bearing capacity failure
States of equilibrium
- Earth pressure at rest
-
Active earth pressure
- Passive earth pressure
4Page
Active earth pressure coefficient (Ka):

It is the ratio of horizontal and vertical principal effective
stresses when a retaining wall moves away (by a small amount)
from the retained soil.
Passive earth pressure coefficient (Kp):

stresses when a retaining wall is forced against a soil mass.
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0):

stresses when the retaining wall does not move at all, i.e. it is
at rest.
5Page
Stability analysis:-
- Sliding failure
- Over turning failure
- Bearing capacity failure
6Page
Check of sliding:-
F.O.S = V * ( tan ) / h
F.O.S . > OR = 2
7Page
Check of overturning:-
F.O.S . > OR = 2
8Page
Check of Bearing capacity
When moment = net moment

= resisting moment disturbed
Moment
Pressure on foundation soil < B/C

9Page
Types of retaining wall

11Page
Ex: - design retaining wall

1.1 1 -
- Check of Sliding failure

- Check of Overturning failure
- Check Bearing capacity failure
11Page
Stability forces
W1 = 0.25 *3*2.5 = 1.875 t/m
W2 = 1.5*0.6*2.5= 2.25 t/m
W3 = 1.9*0.4*2.2 = 1.672 t/m
W4 = 1.25*3*1.8 = 6.75 t/m
W5 = 0.4*3.6*1.8 = 2.6 t/m
Total forces N = 15.15 t/m
12Page
Earth pressure forces

Ka = ( 1-sin ) / ( 1+sin )
from soil report ( 30 to 45 )
Ka = ( 1-sin 30 ) / ( 1+sin 30 ) = 0.5 / 1.5 = 0.33333
e 1 = q * Ka = 0.3 * 0.33333 = 0.1 t/m2
e2 = * H * ka = 1.8 * 4 * 0.3333 = 2.4 t/m2
then get F1 and F2
F1 = 0.1*4 = 0.4 t/m
F2 = 0.5 * 4 * 2.4 = 4.8 t/m
Total horizontal forces = 0.4+4.8 = 5.2 t/m
Check of sliding
N = 15.15 t/m
H = 5.2 t/m
F.O.S = V * ( tan ) / h
( tan ) = 0.5 to 0.7
F.O.S = 0.7 * 15.15 / 5.2 = 2.04 > 2
OK SAFE
13Page
Check of over turning

Stability forces
N
ARM
MOMENT ) O1
W1 = 1.875
1.775
3.32
W2 = 2.25
1.15
2.6
W3 = 1.672
0.95
1.6
W4 = 6.75
1.025
6.9
W5 = 2.6
0.2
0.52
TOTAL
14.94
Over turning forces

H
ARM
MOMENT ) O1
F1 = 0.4
0.8
F2 = 4.8
1.33
6.4
TOTAL
7.2
F.O.S = 14.94 / 7.2 = 2.08 ( OK SAFE )
14Page
Check of stress
M net = 14.94- 7.2 = 7.74 t.m.
X = Mnet / N = 7.74 / 15.15 = 0.51 m
e = ( B/2 ) X = ( 1.9/2) 0.51 = 0.44 m
q1 = (-N / B )*( 1+6e/B ) = ( -15.15/1.9)*(1+6*0.44/1.9)
q1 = - 19 t/m2 ( comp.)
q2 = (-N / B )*( 1-6e/B ) = ( -15.15/1.9)*(1-6*0.44/1.9)
q2 = + 3.1 t/m2 ( tension )
q2/q1 = 3.1 / 19 = 0.16 < 0.3333 ( ok )
if q2/q1 > 0.33333 ( unsafe )
q* = 19 + 3.1 = 22.1 t/m2 < B/C ( ok safe )
15Page
Design of R.c. footing
Stability forces
N
ARM
MOMENT ) O2
W1 = 1.875
1.375
2.58
W2 = 2.25
0.75
1.7
W4 = 6.75
0.625
4.2
TOTAL
8.5
Over turning forces

H
ARM
MOMENT ) O1
F1 = 0.1*3.6=0.36
1.8
0.65
F2 =
1.2
4.7
TOTAL
5.35
(1.8*3.6*0.33)*0.5*3.6
=3.9
Mnet = 8.5 -5.35 = 3.15 t.m.

N = 10.9 ton
X = 3.15/10.9 = 0.29 m
e = ( 1.5/2 ) 0.29 = 0.46 m
16Page
q1 = (-N / B )*( 1+6e/B ) = ( -10.9/1.5)*(1+6*0.46/1.5)

q1 = 20.65 t/m2 ( comp.)
q2 = (-N / B )*( 1+6e/B ) = ( -10.9/1.5)*(1-6*0.46/1.5)
q2 = 6.1 t/m2 ( tension )

q* = 26.75 t/m2 ,,,, arm = 1.25 m
M = 26.75 * 1.25*1.25/2 = 20.9 t.m.
Mu = 20.9*1.5 = 31.35 t.m , d = 55cm
As = 31.35*100000/3600/55/0.8 = 20 cm2
Use 8 bars 18 mm / m (bot. reinforcement )
Design of R.c. wall

Reinforcement from h.l. forces
e 1 = 0.1 t/m2
e 2 = 1.8*3*0.333 = 1.8 t/m2
F1 = 0.1 *3 = 0.3 t/m
F2 = 0.5*1.8*3 = 2.7 t/m
M = 0.3 * 1.5 + 2.7 * 1 = 3.15 t.m.
Mu = 3.15*1.5 = 4.725 t.m.
For t = 25 cm ,,, d = 20 cm
As = 4.725 *100000/3600/0.8/20 = 8.2 t.m
Use 5bars dim 16mm /m
17Page
18Page
Notes
live loads 333 / 2 b/c 1.1 / 2

11 / 2

19Page
e1 = q * Ka = 0.3 * 0.3333 = 0.1 t /m2

e2 = * h * Ka = 1.8 *2 * 0.333 = 1.2 t/m2
e3 = sub * h * Ka = 0.8 * 2 * 0.3333 = 0.5333 t/m2
e water = water * h = 1 *2 = 2 t/m2
F1 = 0.1 * 4 = 0.4 t/m

F2 = 0.5 * 2 * 1.2 = 1.2 t/m
F3 = 2 * 1.2 = 2.4 t/m
F4 = 0.5 * 2 * 0.5333 = 0.5333 t/m
F5 = 0.5 *2 *2 = 2 t/m
21Page
Retaining piles

( )
H L = H + 1.5 H = 2.5 H

21Page
Ex : design retaining pile for 4m height of

excavation
Solution
L = 4 + 1.5 * 4 = 4 +6 = 10 m
Assume d=30 cm
22Page
Earth pressure forces

Ka = ( 1-sin ) / ( 1+sin )
from soil report ( 30 to 45 )
Ka = ( 1-sin 30 ) / ( 1+sin 30 ) = 0.5 / 1.5 = 0.33333
e 1 = q * Ka = 0.3 * 0.33333 = 0.1 t/m2
e2 = * H * ka = 1.8 * 4 * 0.3333 = 2.4 t/m2
then get F1 and F2
F1 = 0.1*4 = 0.4 t/m
F2 = 0.5 * 4 * 2.4 = 4.8 t/m
M = 0.4 * 2 + 4.8 * 4/3 = 7.2t.m. / m
For spacing 0.3 m
M = 7.2 * 0.3 = 2.16 t.m.
Mu = 2.16 *1.5 = 3.24 t.m.
T = 30 cm d = 25 cm
As = 3.24*100000/3600/0.8/25= 4.5 cm2
Use 3 bars dim. = 16 mm at tension
Use total reinforcement = 6 bars dim. = 16 mm
23Page
24Page
Notes
live loads 333 / 2 b/c 1.1 / 2

11 / 2
(
retaining wall
25Page

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DESIGN

10 RETAINING WALL AND RETAINING

Stability of rigid walls

Active earth pressure

- Passive earth pressure

Active earth pressure coefficient (Ka):

Passive earth pressure coefficient (Kp):

Coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0):

Check of Bearing capacity

When moment = net moment

Pressure on foundation soil < B/C

Types of retaining wall

Ex: - design retaining wall

- Check of Sliding failure

Earth pressure forces

Check of over turning

Over turning forces

F.O.S = 14.94 / 7.2 = 2.08 ( OK SAFE )

Design of R.c. footing

Over turning forces

Mnet = 8.5 -5.35 = 3.15 t.m.

q1 = (-N / B )*( 1+6e/B ) = ( -10.9/1.5)*(1+6*0.46/1.5)

q2 = 6.1 t/m2 ( tension )

Design of R.c. wall

live loads 333 / 2 b/c 1.1 / 2

e1 = q * Ka = 0.3 * 0.3333 = 0.1 t /m2

F1 = 0.1 * 4 = 0.4 t/m

Ex : design retaining pile for 4m height of

Earth pressure forces

live loads 333 / 2 b/c 1.1 / 2

Anda mungkin juga menyukai

q1 = (-N / B )( 1+6e/B ) = ( -10.9/1.5)(1+6*0.46/1.5)