HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

PEMBER
STAGE
ONE

STAGE ONE

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

TECHNICAL TERMS
Term:

Definition:

Noun

= Any word for a class of thing, place or person.

Proper Noun

= Any word that gives the name of a thing/place/person.

Case

= In an inflected language (a language with endings) any

form of a noun (or adjective or pronoun) which expresses
the relationship of that word to other words in the sentence.
Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Ablative

= case used for the subject of the sentence (does the verb)
= case used for the person addressed (by a speaker)
= case used for the object of the sentence (has verb done to it)
= case used to indicate ownership (of)
= indirect object of verb (indicated by to or for in English)
= used for separation (from), agency (by), instrument (with)

Number

= singular (one of a noun) or plural (more than one of a noun)

Gender

= three classes of noun/adjective/pronoun:

masculine feminine
neuter

Declension

= pattern of endings of nouns and adjectives (5 in Latin)

Verb

= doing word, action word

Person

= six endings (1st, 2nd, 3rd singular, 1st, 2nd, 3rd plural) of a verb:
I, you (s), he/she/it, we, you (pl), they

Tense

= the time of a verbs action

Present
Imperfect
Future
Perfect
Pluperfect
Future Perfect

= current action; he loves / he is loving

= continuous/incomplete past action; was loving/used to love
= action yet to happen; he will love
= completed past action; he loved he has loved
= action completed before a time in the past; he had loved
= action due to be completed in the future; he will have loved

Conjugation

= pattern of verbs (5 in Latin)

Adjective

= describing word; a word that describes a noun

Adverb

= a word that describes a verb or adjective (-ly)

Pronoun

= a word that takes the place of a noun (or noun phrase/clause)

Preposition

= word before noun/pronoun expressing direction, location,

relationship (e.g. to, into, in, at, near, because of, without)

Conjunction

= a connecting word

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

FORMS
Nouns:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

mensa (1st declension feminine - see pages 3 & 5 in yellow pages)

agricola (1st declension masculine - same endings as mensa, but masculine)
servus (2nd declension masculine see pages 3 & 6 in yellow pages)
puer (2nd declension masculine [-er instead of -us] see page 6)
magister (2nd declension masculine [-er instead of -us] see page 6)
deus (irregular 2nd declension masculine see page 6)
vir (irregular 2nd declension masculine see page 6)
bellum (2nd declension neuter see pages 3 & 6 in yellow pages)

Verbs:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

1st conjugation (amo) present & imperfect active tenses (page 20, blue pages)
2nd conjugation (moneo) present & imperfect active tenses (page 22, blue pages)
3rd conjugation (rego) present & imperfect active tenses (page 24, blue pages)
conjugation 3 (capio) present & imperfect active tenses (page 26, blue pages)
4th conjugation (audio) present & imperfect active tenses (page 27, blue pages)
present and imperfect tenses of sum, possum, eo, volo and nolo (pages 29-31)
present infinitive of sum (=esse), possum (=posse), volo (=velle) and nolo (=nolle)
present active infinitive of the 5 conjugations (page 32)
active imperative (singular & plural) of the five conjugations (page 32)
the following irregular imperatives:
singular
plural
dic
(dico I say, speak)
duc
(duco I lead)
fer
ferte
(fero I bring, carry)
fac
(facio I do, make)
i
ite
(eo I go)

Adjectives:
o

2-1-2 declension adjectives (page 12, pink pages):

o bonus-a-um
o miser, misera, miserum
o pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum

In the Stage One Test you will be asked to fill in gaps in tables. Here are two examples:
CASE

1st Decl plural

Nominative
Vocative
Accusative
Genitive
Dative
Ablative
Conjugation
1st: amo
3rd: rego
3rd: dico
3: facio
3rd: duco

mensae

2nd Decl (m) singular

2nd Decl (n) plural

serve

bella
bella

mensarum
servo
mensis
Meaning
I rule
I speak
I do, make

Imperative singular

bellis
Imperative plural Infinitive
amate!
amare

rege!
dicite!
facite!
ducite!

dicere

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

RULES & MANIPULATIONS

Direct Questions
1. Questions of fact in Latin feature ne after the first word of the sentence.
Example:
puerne puellam amat?
Does the boy love the girl?
2. Questions of fact can be loaded: if the answer yes is expected, nonne (translated
surely) is used first word in the sentence. If the answer no is expected, num
(translated surely....not) is used.
Examples:
nonne puer puellam amat?
Surely the boy loves the girl?
or:
The boy loves the girl, doesnt he?

or:

num puer puellam amat?

Surely the boy doesnt love the girl?
The boy doesnt love the girl, does he?

3. q-word questions can be spotted by recognising the question words in Latin.

Here are some:
quis?
who?
quid?
what?
cur?
why?
ubi?
where?
quando?
when?
quomodo? how?
quantus?
how much?
quot?
how many?
Practice Sentences:
1. quis pecuniam habet?
2. turbane ad forum it?
3. cur servus in horto dormiebat?
4. num templum deletis?
5. nonne ancillae cenam parant?
6. quot servos regina habet?

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

RULES & MANIPULATIONS

Direct Commands & Prohibitions
1. Commands in Latin are expressed with the imperative. The common endings
for singular imperatives (i.e. commands to one person) are: -a, -e, -i. The
common endings for plural imperatives (commands to more than one person)
are: -ate, -ete, -ite.
2. The easiest ways to recognise commands in Latin are:
a. often the sentence will end with an !
b. often the sentence will include a noun, between commas, in the vocative
case (i.e. the person(s) who are being ordered)
c. sometimes the sentence will begin with the verb imperative
Examples:
ad forum festina, domine!
Hurry to the forum, master!
ad castra redite, viri!
Return to the camp, men!
3. Prohibitions (negative commands) are expressed in Latin using the imperative
of the verb nolo (I do not want) followed by the infinitive of the verb that
describes the action that is prohibited. The forms of the imperative of nolo are:
noli (singular) = dont
nolite (plural) = dont
Examples:
noli cibum tangere, amice!
Dont touch the food, friend!
nolite e templo ambulare, feminae!
Dont walk out of the temple, women!
Practice Sentences:
1. ite ad tabernam, viri!

2. bene puerum mone, magister!

3. fabulam audi, fili!

4. nolite dormire, pueri!

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

RULES & MANIPULATIONS

Prepositions & Cases Taken
1. Prepositions are used to show the location or direction of a noun, or its
relationship to the rest of the sentence.
2. Prepositions take either the accusative or the ablative case.
3. The preposition in takes both:
a. accusative when it means into or onto
b. ablative when it means in or on
4. See page 16 (white page) for a list of prepositions.
5. The word cum meaning with is sometimes put after the word it governs, e.g.:
a. mecum = with me
b. tecum = with you
c. nobiscum = with us
d. vobiscum = with you
e. quibuscum = with whom
Practice:
The best way to practise prepositions is to form prepositional phrases from English to Latin.
Remember to check you supply the correct case and number of each noun in the below:
1. against the people

2. without gifts

3. into the garden

4. out of the building

5. with the boy

6. near the temples

possum, nolo, volo & infinitive

1. These verbs are very frequently followed by an infinitive.
2. For volo and nolo, this copies English, e.g.:
a. I want to sleep (Latin: volo dormire)
b. He does not want to speak (Latin: non vult dicere)
3. Remember that I cant speak (Latin: non possum dicere) can also be written as
I am unable to speak this helps explain why possum is followed by infinitive.
Practice sentences:
1. liberi audire nolunt.
2. potesne verba dicere?
3. agricola equos capere non potest.
4. ire in silvis volebamus.

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

RULES & MANIPULATIONS

Expressions of Time, including ubi & postquam.
1. There are three types of phrase that express a timeframe:
a. TIME HOW LONG or DURATION (e.g. for six hours)
b. TIME WHEN or A POINT IN TIME (e.g. on the sixth hour)
c. TIME WITHIN WHICH or SPAN OF TIME (e.g. within/in six hours)
2. Each type of phrase uses a particular case in Latin.
NB. hora-ae (f) means hour and goes like mensa):
a. TIME HOW LONG = ACCUSATIVE (for six hours = sex horas)
b. TIME WHEN = ABLATIVE singular (on the sixth hour = sext hor)
c. TIME WITHIN WHICH = ABLATIVE plural (in six hours = sex horis)
3. Time How Long and Time Within Which phrases use CARDINAL numerals
(1,2,3,4 etc....). Note that, apart from 1,2 & 3, all numbers up to 100 do not have endings.
4. Time When phrases use ORDINAL numerals (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th etc...).
5. Latin sentences often contain a whole time clause. The commonest ones are
introduced by the words ubi (when) postquam (after) usually with a perfect
tense.
Examples:
ubi ad forum venerunt, statuam viderunt
When they came to the forum, they saw the statue.
servi, postquam ad villam ambulaverunt, dormiverunt.
After the slaves walked to the house, they slept.
Practice Sentences:
See Stage One vocabulary for Latin words for 1-10 and 1st-10th
1. octo annos incolae in insula erant.
2. nuntius, ubi ad castra venit, epistulam tradidit.
(tradidit = perfect tense of trado; meaning: he handed over)
3. tertio anno nautae ad terram redierunt.
(redierunt = perfect tense of redeo; meaning: they returned)
4. servi septem horis cenam paraverunt.
(paraverunt = perfect tense of paro; meaning: they prepared)
que
Instead of et meaning and, Latin sometimes uses -que attached to the second word.
e.g.: cibus pecuniaque = food and money.

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

RULES & MANIPULATIONS

Roman Numerals
I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000
Rules:
1. A letter repeated doubles the value (e.g. II = 2, CC = 200). Letters can be
repeated a maximum of three times.
2. If one or more letters are placed after a letter of higher value, add that amount to
the higher value (e.g. VI = 6, LXX = 70, MCC = 1,200)
3. If one or more letters are placed before a letter of higher value, subtract that
amount from the higher value (e.g. IV = 4, XC = 90, CM = 900)
4. Rules for subtraction:
a. only subtract powers of ten; dont subtract V or L. e.g. 95 is not VC
[100-5] but XCV [90+5]
b. only subtract one number from another. e.g. 13 is not IIXV (15-1-1) but
XIII (10+1+1+1)
c. do not subtract a number from one that is more than 10 times greater than
it. e.g. you can subtract I from X (IX=9), but not from XX (there is no such
number as IXX; instead, 19 = XIX (10+(10-1)).
Practice:
Give the following in Roman Numerals:
17

54

84

89

108

300

499

1914

1984

2009

Expressions of Place; Locative

1. Most expressions of place are covered by prepositions.
2. However, the names of towns, cities and small islands (smaller than Rhodes)
do NOT have prepositions for to/towards or from/out of. For example:
Romam can mean to Rome, Londinium can mean to London; Rom can mean
from Rome and Londinio can mean from London.
3. Names of towns, cities and small islands also have a special case, called the
locative, to describe in:
a. Romae = in Rome
b. Londinii = in London
c. Venusiae = in Venusia
4. Three other words in Latin have a locative case:
a. domi = at home (domum = to the house)
b. ruri = in the countryside
c. humi = in/on the ground
Examples:
servi Rom discedebant
The slaves were departing from Rome
servi ex oppido discedebant
The slaves were departing from the town.

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

STAGE ONE VOCABULARY - NOUNS

BASIC WORD

GENITIVE/GENDER MEANING

DERIVATION

1st DECLENSION
ancilla
aqua
cena
dea
epistula
fabula
femina
filia
hora
ianua
insula
lacrima
mensa
pecunia
porta
puella
regina
Roma
silva
taberna
terra
turba
via
villa
vita
agricola
incola
nauta
poeta

ancillae f
aquae f
cenae f
deae f
epistulae f
fabulae f
feminae f
filiae f
horae f
ianuae f
insulae f
lacrimae f
mensae f
pecuniae f
portae f
puellae f
reginae f
Romae f
silvae f
tabernae f
terrae f
turbae f
viae f
villae f
vitae f
agricolae m
incolae m
nautae m
poetae m

slave girl, maid

water
dinner
goddess
letter
story, play
woman
daughter
hour
door
island, block of flats
tear
table
money
gate
girl
queen
Rome
wood
shop, inn
earth
crowd
road, way, street
house, country house
life
farmer
inhabitant
sailor
poet

ancillary staff
aquatics

2nd DECLENSION
amicus
annus
cibus
deus
dominus
equus
filius
gladius
hortus
liber
liberi
locus
nuntius
populus
puer
servus
vir

amici m
anni m
cibi m
dei m
domini m
equi m
filii m
gladii m
horti m
libri m
liberorum m.pl.
loci m
nuntii m
populi m
pueri m
servi m
viri m

friend
year
food
god
master
horse
son
sword
garden
book
children
place
messenger, message, news
nation, people
boy
slave
man, husband

amicable
annual

deify
epistle
fabulous
feminine
filial
Janus, January
insulation

impecunious

tavern
terrestrial
turbulent
viable, viaduct
villa
vital
agriculture
nautical

deify
dominant
equine
filial
gladiator
horticulture
library
location
announce
population
puerile
servile
virile

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

STAGE ONE VOCABULARY

NOUNS, PREPOSITIONS & CARDINAL NUMERALS
BASIC WORD

2nd

GENITIVE/GENDER

MEANING

DERIVATION

aedificii n
auxilii n
belli n
caeli n
castrorum n.pl.
doni n
fori n
periculi n
regni n
saxi n
templi n
verbi n
vini n
CASE TAKEN
[+ acc] also used as prefix
[+ acc]
[+ acc]
[+ acc]
[+ acc]
[+ acc]
[+ acc]
[+ acc]
[+ acc] also used as prefix
[+ acc]
[+ abl] also used as prefix
[+ abl]
[+ abl] also used as prefix
[+ abl] also used as prefix
[+ abl] also used as prefix
[+ abl]
[+ abl] also used as prefix
[+ abl] also used as prefix
[+ acc] also used as prefix
Masc, Fem, Neut forms
unus, una, unum
duo, duae, duo
tres, tres, tria

building
help
war
sky, heaven
camp
gift, present
forum, market place
danger
kingdom
rock
temple
word
wine
MEANING
to, towards, at
among, with, at the house of
around
against
among, between
through, along
after, behind
near
across
before, in front of
from, by
with
from, down from; about, concerning
out of, from
in front of, for, in return for
without
under, beneath
in, on
into, onto
MEANING
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
a hundred

edifice
auxiliary
bellicose
celestial

DECLENSION

aedificium
auxilium
bellum
caelum
castra
donum
forum
periculum
regnum
saxum
templum
verbum
vinum
PREPOSITION
ad
apud
circum
contra
inter
per
post
prope
trans
ante
a, ab
cum
de
e, ex
pro
sine
sub
in
in
NUMERAL
unus
duo
tres
quattuor
quinque
sex
septem
octo
novem
decem
centum

donate
forensic
peril
reign
temple
verbal
vine, wine
DERIVATION
advent
circumnavigate
contrary
interpose
perforate
post mortem'
transitory
antecedent
ablative
descend
exit
quid pro quo
sinecure
sub-standard

DERIVATION
unique
dual, duel
triennial

September
octopus, October
November
December
centenary

10

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

STAGE ONE VOCABULARY ORDINAL NUMERALS,

ADJECTIVES, CONJUNCTIONS, ADVERBS, QUESTION WORDS
NUMERAL
primus
secundus
tertius
quartus
quintus
sextus
septimus
octavus
nonus
decimus
ADJECTIVE
bonus
miser
pulcher
CONJ/ADVB/Q-word
bene
cras
cur?
diu
enim
et
etiam
hic
hodie
iam
lente
-ne?
non
nonne?
num?
nunc
postquam
quando?
quantus
quid?
quis?
quod
quomodo?
quot?
sed
statim
subito
tum
ubi
ubi?

Masc, Fem, Neut forms

primus, prima, primum
secundus, secunda, secundum
tertius, tertia, tertium
quartus, quarta, quartum
quintus, quinta, quintum
sextus, sexta, sextum
septimus, septima, septimum
octavus, octava, octavum
nonus, nona, nonum
decimus, decima, decimum
Masc, Fem, Neut forms
bonus, bona, bonum
miser, misera, miserum
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum

quantus, quanta, quantum

MEANING
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
MEANING
good
sad, wretched
beautiful
MEANING
well
tomorrow
why?
for a long time
for
and
also, even
here
today
now, already
slowly
? (indicates a question)
not
surely?
surely not?
now
after
when?
how much?
what?
who?
because
how?
how many?
but
at once, immediately
suddenly
then
when
where?

DERIVATION
primary
secondary
tertiary
quartet
quintet
sextet
septet
octave
Nones (9th day before Ides)
decimal
DERIVATION
bonus
miserable
pulchritude
DERIVATION
benefactor
procrastinate

quantity

quota

11

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

STAGE ONE VOCABULARY IMPERATIVES & VERBS

NB. Principal Parts will be explained fully in Stages 2 & 5.

The second principal part is the infinitive of the verb.
The CONJUGATION of the verb (1,2,3,3,4) is given after the Principal Parts

IMPERATIVE
salve!
vale!
dic!
duc!
fer!
fac!
i!
VERB
amo
like amo:
paro
specto

PLURAL FORM
salvete!
valete!
dicite!
ducite!
ferte!
facite!
ite!
PRINCIPAL PARTS
amare, amavi, amatus 1

MEANING
greetings! hello!
goodbye, farewell
speak!
lead!
bring!
do!
go!
MEANING
love, like

DERIVATION

parare, paravi, paratus 1

spectare, spectavi, spectatus 1

prepare
look at, watch

prepare
spectacles

moneo
like moneo:
deleo
habeo

monere, monui, monitus 2

warn, advise

monitor

delere, delevi, deletus 2

habere, habui, habitus 2

destroy
have

delete
have

rego
like rego:
ago
dico

regere, rexi, rectus 3

rule

regal

agere, egi, actus 3

dicere, dixi, dictus 3

do, act
say

act, action
diction

capio
like capio:
facio

capere, cepi, captus 3

capture

captivate

facere, feci, factus 3

do, make

factory

audio
like audio:
custodio
dormio
venio

audire, audivi, auditus 4

hear

audible

custodire, custodivi. custoditus 4

dormire, dormivi 4
venire, veni 4

guard
sleep
come

Custos
dormouse
venture

esse, fui [irreg.]

posse, potui (irreg.)
nolle, nolui (irreg.)
velle, volui (irreg.)

be
be able, can
not want, refuse
want, wish, be willing

valediction

DERIVATION
Amanda

Irregular Verbs
sum
possum
nolo
volo

potential
volunteer

12

HARROW SCHOOL CLASSICS DEPARTMENT PEMBER PROGRAMME

STAGE ONE

PEMBER STAGE ONE TEST A GUIDE

TECHNICAL TERMS (15 marks)
This section will include:
1.
2.
3.

four definitions from the Technical terms page (4 marks)

a passage of English from which you will have to identify different types of word (verbs in
different tenses / persons / nouns in different cases / adjectives / adverbs etc...) (7 marks)
a verb in English, which you have to put into different forms (e.g. give the 2 nd person plural
imperfect of tell = you were telling). (4 marks)

FORMS (15 marks)

You will be required to fill in gaps for the various noun and verb forms on the Forms page.
MANIPULATIONS (15 marks)
In this section you will need to do the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.

convert singular noun and verb forms into plural forms, e.g. mensam becomes mensas
(keeping the same case) or moneo becomes monemus (keeping the same person).
convert plural noun and verb forms into singular forms.
translate preposition & noun phrases into Latin (making sure you put the noun in the correct
case and number).
convert numbers into Roman numerals

RULES (25 marks)

This section will consist of sentences in Latin which you must translate into English.
1.
2.

The first FOUR sentences will be taken from the practice sentences you did in Stage One. Each
one will be worth two marks.
The remaining sentences will test the same rules, but will be unfamiliar sentences.

VOCABULARY (30 marks)

This section will consist of 50 words ( mark each) from the vocabulary lists for Stage One.
You will then have to choose any five words and give derivations.
PASS MARK FOR THE TEST = 60/100
SEND-UP MARK FOR THE TEST = 80/100

13