TITLE:
PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS IN ANIMALS
NAME
GROUP
LECTURE
Date
CELL
ORGAN
TISSUE
ORGANISM
SYSTEM
The diagram
1.1
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The
respiratory system allows for
the exchange
of gases between the blood and
external
air.The human respiratory
system is
involve in the inhalation and
exhalation of breathing which exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
gases.This human respiratory system include the organ which is lung,
INHALATION
FACTOR
EXHALATION
The
internal
intercostal
muscle relax while external
intercostal muscle contract
INTERCOSTAL MUSCLE
The
internal
intercostal
muscle
contract
while
external intercostal muscle
relax
DIAPHRAGM
THORAIC CAVITY
(VOLUME)
THORAIC CAVITY
(AIR PRESSURE)
RIB CAGE
AIR MOVEMENT
Pulmonary
circulation
Systemic
Circulation
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
-Deoxygenated blood is pumped out from -Oxygenated blood from the lungs which
the right ventricle into pulmonary artery enters the left atrium is pumped into the left
which transport blood to the lungs.
-At the lungs,gaseous exchange occurs.The -The blood that is pumped out of the heart is
deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary artery at high pressure.The aorta branches to form
receives oxygen and becomes oxygenated arteries which transport oxygenated blood to
blood and is transported from lungs to the all the body tissues.
left atrium of the heart by pulmonary vein.
-The
main
function
of
Part of
Biochemical
Notes
Secretion
Enzyme
reaction
Mouth (pH=7)
Saliva
Saliva
Substrates:Starch
Digestion
amylase
Product:Maltose
carbohydrate
Salivary
glands
of
Stomach
Gastric
Gastric juice
Pepsin
Polypeptide occur
Digestion
(pH=1.5)
glands
Renin
produce casein
protein begin.
Duodenum
Liver
Bile
None
None
Emulsifies fats
(pH=7.8)
Pancreas
Amylase
Ileum
Intestinal
(pH 7.6)
glands
of
occurs
Maltose produce
Trypsin
Intestinal juice Erepsin
Peptides form
Peptide produce
Digestion of food
Sucrase
Glucose produce
is complete.
Maltase
Glucose
Lactase
Lactose
Lipase
produce egg and sperm cell,to transport and sustain these cells,to nurture the developing
offspring and to produce hormones.
These functions are divided between the primary and secondary, or accessory,
reproductive organs. The primary reproductive organs, or gonads, consist of the ovaries
and testes. These organs are responsible for producing the egg and sperm cells
gametes,and hormones. These hormones function in the maturation of the reproductive
system, the development of sexual characteristics, and regulation of the normal
physiology of the reproductive system. All other organs, ducts, and glands in the
reproductive system are considered secondary, or accessory, reproductive organs. These
structures transport and sustain the gametes and nurture the developing offspring.
result
hypoxia-related
Hypoxia-induced
intestinal
from
3.0 Situation
Mountain climber in high-altitude adaptation 8847 meters above sea level.There are two major
kinds of environmental stresses at high altitude .First, there are the alternating daily extremes of
climate that often range from hot, sunburning days to freezing nights.In addition, winds are often
strong and humidity low, resulting in rapid dehydration. Second, the air pressure is lower. This
is usually the most significant limiting factor in high mountain regions.The air pressure is 30%
lower at the higher altitude due to the fact that the atmosphere is less dense.
High
altitude
sickness" include
lack
of
appetite,vomiting,headache,distorted,vision, fatigue,and
difficulty with memorizing and thinking clearly.
At high altitudes, the lower air
pressure makes it more difficult
develop
inefficient physiological