Vibration Applications of Vibrating Screens

Vibration Monitoring
of Vibrating Screens
PaSummary
This article discusses the many facets of monitoring vibrating
screens by providing an overview of the type of data associated
with vibrating screens, and the standards that control the
industry. It also provides data examples and advanced analysis
techniques, such as orbital and vibration analysis. Finally, a
listing of some common bad actors and their solutions is
presented.
JM02017
Andy Page
15 pages
October 2002
SKF Reliability Systems
@ptitudeXchange
5271 Viewridge Court
San Diego, CA 92123
United States
tel. +1 858 496 3554
fax +1 858 496 3555
email: info@aptitudexchange.com
Internet: www.aptitudexchange.com
Use of this document is governed by the terms

and conditions contained in @ptitudeXchange.
Vibration Monitoring of Vibrating Screens
Introduction
In most traditional applications of vibration
analysis, data is collected on rotating
elements, and analyzed to determine the
mechanical condition of the equipment. For
example: bearing faults, gear faults,
misalignment and coupling problems can be
diagnosed using vibration analysis. More
advanced uses could include buildings and
other structures, where data collected could
detect certain design flaws and/or structural
degradation. These types of structural
applications are certainly appropriate in the
material handling industry. They are being
implemented throughout the industry, and
established programs are starting to realize the
many benefits of a vibration analysis program.
However, a key component in the industry
that escapes the more traditional analysts is
the vibrating screen. The vibrating screen is

normally overlooked as being a key
component for analysis on the initial sight
assessment. This is, in part, due to their size
and seemingly violent motion. However, the
vibration analyzer is capable of providing a
wealth of data that can help both maintenance
and production get full utilization out of their
screen.
A vibrating screen is a piece of equipment that
separates different size material. Separation of
material is accomplished by means of
screening media, commonly referred to as
decks, which act like filters. The screen deck
has certain size opening in the mesh. The
smaller material falls through the opening
while the larger material remains on top of the
screen deck. The entire screen can vibrate at
up to 1000 cycles per minute and can have as
Figure 1. Typical 8 x 24 Inclined Vibrating Screen. This illustration shows two spring systems that support the
vibrating screen as well as the shaft and mounting plate that holds the shaft in place.
2004 SKF Reliability Systems All Rights Reserved
The screen is supported on all four corners by

either steel springs or rubber donuts, and
either rests on the floor or is suspended by
rods or chain. An eccentric shaft on the
vibrating screen provides the motion of the
screen. This shaft is contained within a
housing that serves as the mount for the
bearing. Screens can have up to three shafts,
each in their respective housing.
This article discusses the process of collecting
vibration data on a vibrating screen, including
signal processing techniques and the method
in which data should be obtained. This method
includes a checklist that can be used to make
certain the screen is thoroughly evaluated. The
article then describes examples of data
obtained from screens operating in good and
poor conditions. Analysis techniques such as
screen gages or screen cards and vibration
analysis are discussed in depth.
Signal Modulation Concerns

Signal modulation is a concern when trying to
obtain a vibration signature on the drive
mechanism. The screen is moving at a speed
of up to 1000 CPM and can be producing
forces in excess of 5.0 g. Modulated data
provides little useable information about the
condition of the bearings or gears in the drive
mechanism.
that the carrier frequency would be filtered

out, leaving only the higher frequency data
(impacting) of the bearings and/or gears, e.g.
by the enveloping technique.
Enveloping is a signal processing technique in
which a filtering method is used to filter
vibration that is associated with the general
functions of the machine. Vibration caused by
items such as running speed of the machine
and in the case of vibrating screens, the
product that is moving across the screen mesh
can cause vibration that is not associated with
the components in the machine.
In figure 2, a good spectrum contains a once
per revolution impact as indicated by the peak
at running speed. This is normal in vibrating
screens due to the eccentric shaft in the drive
mechanism. The bad spectrum contains
peaks that are non-synchronous to rotation
speed. These peaks matched the inner race
fault frequency of the bearing. A normal
waveform usually shows peaks of over 1 g,
due to the eccentric shaft a peak alarm of 2 g
is chosen (Figure 3). The increase in vibration
peaks is illustrated Figures 4 and 5, due to
bearing damage.
Sec - Shaker Screens
S-4
Route Spectrum
09-SEP-97 10:56
0.14
(PkVue- HP 500 Hz)

0.12
OVRALL= .3617 A-DG
RMS = .3597
0.10
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 812.
0.08
RPS = 13.53
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0
Typical modulated data would only appear as

a single peak at turning speed. To get usable
information, the modulation would have to be
corrected for as it was collected. That means
-RFB Right Feed Bearing
0.16
RMS Acceleration in G-s
many as three decks. The decks are arranged

above each other, usually with the larger
opening screen deck being on top and the
lower screens having smaller opening
respectively. As material is feed onto the top
deck, the screen can vibrate at over 5 g. The
material falls through the openings and is
separated. Each decks overflow is usually
directed into a chute and the material that falls
completely through is sent to another chute.
100
200
300
400
500
Frequency in Hz
Figure 2. Spectrum of a bearing in good condition.

Single elevated peak on the right side is running speed
of the machine.

Sec - Shaker Screens
S-4
Ter - Shaker Screens
-RFB Right Feed Bearing
2.5
PK ALARM
Acceleration in G-s
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 812.
RPS = 13.53
0.5
PK(+) = 2.01
PK(-) = .8839
Waveform Display
09-SEP-97 13:57
18
RMS = .4037
1.0
-LFB Left Feed Bearing
21
09-SEP-97 10:56
1.5
Acceleration in G-s
24
Waveform Display
2.0
S-3
RMS = 2.49
LOAD = 100.0
15
RPM = 812.
12
RPS = 13.54
PK(+) = 21.01
PK(-) = 3.63
CRESTF= 4.97
CRESTF= 8.45
3
-0.5
PK ALARM
0
-1.0
-1.5
-6
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Time in Seconds
Ter - Shaker Screens

S-3
-LFB Left Feed Bearing
0.6
Route Spectrum
09-SEP-97 13:57
0.5
(PkVue- HP 500 Hz)

OVRALL= 2.28 A-DG
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Time in Seconds
Figure 3. Time waveform of a bearing in good

condition. The g-values read on the y-axis are elevated
from the normal levels of 0.5 to 0.5 gs that are
typically seen in this machine.
PK ALARM
-3
RMS = 2.27
Figure 5. Time waveform of bearing with the inner race

fault frequencies. The peaks in this time waveform are
due to impacts in the bearing.
Traditional Inspection
Techniques
Traditional techniques for identifying
problems with vibration screens include:
Measuring spring height
Checking for level spring mounts
Checking the level of screen (side to side)
Checking for evenly distributed flow from

feed chute
Checking for restrictions to motion
Checking the stroke (trace of the motion)
Measuring the stroke length
Measuring screen speed
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 812.
0.3
RPS = 13.54
0.2
0.1
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Frequency in Hz
Figure 4. Spectrum of bearing with inner race fault

frequencies. The multiple peaks are the inner race
defect frequencies and sidebands of running speed
surround the inner race peaks.
The traditional analysis of a screens motion,

acceleration, and angle is accomplished with a
screen card or screen gauge. A screen card is
a rectangular, magnetic card that has several
black circles of varying diameters on it. It also
has several straight lines all at different angles

from the edge of the card. This card is placed
squarely on the screen. While the screen is
running the circles will appear as an oval. The
oval with the most solid center is the correct
throw of the screen. The straight line that is
clearest is the proper angle of the screen.
To get an idea of the orbital motion of the
screen a white sticker is applied to each corner
of the screen. A pen or pencil, held firmly,
lightly applied to the sticker, allows the
motion of the screen to be traced onto the
sticker. The resulting plot is the motion of
the screen, and the length of the long axis of
the oval is the screens throw or "stroke
length." The speed of the screen can be
assessed with a contact tachometer or strobe
light. The acceleration of a screen is
approximated by the following equation:
Acceleration (g) =
(screen speed in RPM)2 x (screen throw in
inches) / 100,000
In the table below, example screen
accelerations are summarized.
Nominal
Stroke
Speed
Application Aperture
Size (mm)
(mm)
(Rpm)
Screening
ND
Elements HD ND HD
Scalping
>75
Ballast
75 to 32
g-Index
(target)
Loaded
12.0 - 10.5 750 - 800
3.8
10.0 - 8.5
850 - 900
4.0
Aggregates 25.4 to 6.7
9.0 - 8.0
900 - 950
4.1
Fines
Separation
8.0 - 7.0
950 - 1000
4.0
<6.7
Vibration Data Collection

Vibration data is collected at each corner of
the screen. Either Feed (F) or Discharge (D)
end of the screen as it relates to the material
on the screen mesh and Left (L) or Right (R)
side of the screen designates each corner. FL
would indicate Feed Left, etc.
Figure 6. Area on the vibrating screen where sensors

are placed to collect vibration data related to the
screen, bearings and motor.
There are two sensors collecting data. One is

oriented on the Y-axis and the other on the Xaxis. Both are shown in Figure 6. The
direction of material flow arrow is related to
the material on the screen mesh moving in the
indicated direction.
Table 1. HD - Heavy Duty: Deep bed depth. High % of

near size particles in feed, plugging or blinding is a
problem; ND - Normal Duty: Nearly optimum bed
depth, average % of near size particles in feed, &
minimal plugging or blinding. In the chart above,
stroke is equal to screen throw in the equation.

Prim - Road Rock Screen
8
Road Scrn -FLV Screen Stroke - Front Left Vert

Waveform Display
06-FEB-97 10:20
RMS = 4.91
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 998.
RPS = 16.63
Acceleration in G-s
4
2
0
PK(+) = 7.08
PK(-) = 7.02
CRESTF= 1.45
-2
cycles per minute, we know the number of

shaft rotations per minute.
Knowing the differences between a good
vibration signature and a "poor" vibration
signature on a vibrating screen, allows
problems to be detected in time. Consider the
examples shown in Figures 9-11.
D&F - Eljay Screen
-4
RMS Acc in G-s
Eljay Scrn-BL
-6
-8
0
100
200
300
400
500
Time in mSecs
2.0
1.0
0
40
60
Frequency in Hz
80
100
Freq:
Ordr:
Spec:
16.63
1.000
4.859
80
100
WAVEFORM DISPLAY
17-OCT-96 18:44
RMS = 4.40
PK(+) = 7.41
PK(-) = 11.39
CRESTF= 2.59
4
0
-4
-12
0
OVRALL= 4.89 A-DG

RMS = 4.86
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 998.
RPS = 16.63
20
60
-8
Route Spectrum
06-FEB-97 10:20
40
20
Frequency in Hz
5
3.0
Acc in G-s
ROUTE SPECTRUM
17-OCT-96 18:44
OVRALL= 4.15 A-DG
RMS = 4.14
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 799.
RPS = 13.32
4.0
Figure 7. Waveform of vibrating screen in good

condition; the time waveform data of a vibrating screen
indicates a sinusoidal movement of the screen. This
means that the screen is moving up and down similarly
to a wave in a body of water.
Screen Stroke - Back Left
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Time in Seconds
Freq: 13.32
Ordr: 1.000
Spec: 3.979
Figure 9. This screen data reflects that something is

allowing the screen to travel outside of its designed
parameters. The data in the top graphic show several
peaks after the first peak. These peaks indicate
something that is loose in the system. A weak cross
member was suspected. And upon inspection some
broken bolts on the cross member connection plate
were found and replaced. New data was taken after the
repair and the spectrum returned to normal.
Figure 8. The conversion of the time waveform, Figure

7, to a acceleration spectrum. The spectrum contains a
peak indicating imbalance at 16.63Hz or 997.8 rpm, the
running speed of the shaft on the vibrating screen. This
is a normal spectrum and time waveform example
collected from a screen in good operating conditions.
The imbalance seen is part of the design of the screen.
It allows the screen to move material across the mesh.
The vibration data in Figure 7-8 show the

speed of the screen. Notice in the top right
hand corner of this spectrum we see the RPM
= 998. This is accomplished through the fact
that for each complete rotation of the shaft the
screen makes one complete cycle up and
down. Therefore, by measuring the number of
Orbit Analysis
ST - Shaker Screens
Screen Stroke - Front Left
24
ROUTE SPECTRUM
25-OCT-96 12:30
OVRALL= 22.80 V-DG
PK = 22.66
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 730.
RPS = 12.16
18
12
6
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Frequency in Hz
Acc in G-s
WAVEFORM DISPLAY
25-OCT-96 12:30
RMS = 3.43
PK(+) = 6.66
PK(-) = 5.59
CRESTF= 1.95
4
0
-4
-8
1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

Time in mSecs
Freq: 6.078
Ordr: .500
Spec: .770
Figure 10. This particular screen had rubber donuts

used as baffles for the movement of the screen rather
than steel springs. Further inspection revealed that the
rubber donuts were supposed to be 10 high but had
collapsed to 7 high. The rubber donuts were replaced
and data was taken and recorded in the graphic
following this one
ST - Shaker Screens
RMS Acc in G-s
Tertiary -FL
ROUTE SPECTRUM
28-OCT-96 16:12
OVRALL= 3.59 A-DG
RMS = 3.57
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 818.
RPS = 13.64
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
20
Why is that necessary when we have the

screen waveforms and spectra already?
Because the pure waveforms and spectra do
not always alert us to everything we want to
know about the motion of the screen.
For example, the 4 plots in Figures 12-13
reflect what would be considered a normal
screen, with nothing in the spectra or
waveforms to alert a problem.
Screen Stroke - Front Left
4.0
It was mentioned earlier that the data needed

to be collected in the vertical and horizontal
planes at the same time. And to accomplish
this, a dual channel analyzer is needed. The
data needs to be in phase to provide us with
the capability to make a so-called orbit plot.
An orbit plot is a plot of the relative motion
between two transducers. In the case of a
vibrating screen it is referred to as the trace of
the screens stroke.
40
60
80
Ter - Hewitt Robbins - Incline

8X20 W
RMS Acc in G-s
PK Vel in In/Sec
Tertiary -FL
100
Frequency in Hz
2
0
-2
-4
-6
20
40
60
80
100
WAVEFORM DISPLAY
06-FEB-97 14:40
RMS = 2.59
PK(+) = 4.06
PK(-) = 3.80
CRESTF= 1.57
4
2
0
-2
-4
1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
-6
Time in mSecs
Figure 11. The data following the replaced baffles is

shown to the left. Notice there is no wasted energy in
the spectrum, exhibited as extra peaks other than the
first peak, like in the prior graphic above this set of
graphics.
ROUTE SPECTRUM
06-FEB-97 14:40
OVRALL= 2.59 A-DG
RMS = 2.57
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 782.
RPS = 13.04
Frequency in Hz
Acc in G-s
Acc in G-s
0
WAVEFORM DISPLAY
28-OCT-96 16:12
RMS = 3.59
PK(+) = 5.50
PK(-) = 5.20
CRESTF= 1.53
-FLV Screen Stroke - Front Left Vert
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Time in Seconds
Figure 12. Front left verticals.
3.0
-FLH Screen Stroke - Front Left Horiz
1.8
1.2
0.6
0
0
20
40
60
80
Acc in G-s
ORBIT DISPLAY
06-FEB-97 10:20
RMSX= 4.89
RMSY= 4.73
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 1800.
RPS = 30.00
100
Frequency in Hz
2
0
-2
WAVEFORM DISPLAY
06-FEB-97 14:40
RMS = 2.41
PK(+) = 3.65
PK(-) = 3.80
CRESTF= 1.58
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-4
-6
-8
-8
Road Scrn - PTS=FLV FLH
ROUTE SPECTRUM
06-FEB-97 14:40
OVRALL= 2.40 A-DG
RMS = 2.39
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 782.
RPS = 13.04
2.4
FLH in G-s
RMS Acc in G-s

8X20 W
-6
-4
-2
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Time in Seconds
Figure 13. Front left horizontals.
IPS - Shaker Screens

1
- PTS=FLV FLH
ORBIT DISPLAY
21-JAN-97 10:18
4
RMSX= 2.63
RMSY= 2.46
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 811.
RPS = 13.52

8X20 W
Figure 15. This would be the perfect orbit plot for an

inclined screen. The smooth circle indicates that the
screen is traveling smoothly without bottoming out on
the frame or that components on the machine are not
excessively loose or broken.
FLH in G-s
However, if we plot the two waveforms

simultaneously, a different graph is obtained,
(Figure 14). Tracking the orbit plot can
provide a wealth of data not seen in the
spectra and waveforms. It becomes easier to
spot a screen with problems when we compare
its orbit plot to that of a good one, for example
in Figures 15-16.
6
FLV in G-s
- PTS=FLV FLH
ORBIT DISPLAY
06-FEB-97 14:40
-2
4
RMSX= 2.59
RMSY= 2.41
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 782.
RPS = 13.04
FLH in G-s
-4
-6
-6
-4
-2
FLV in G-s
-2
-4
-6
-6
-4
-2
FLV in G-s
Figure 14. From the plot to the left, the motion,

indicated by the circle-like object, has two flat spots,
located at approximately the 4 and 10 oclock
positions. The flat spots indicate that the screen is not
traveling in a smooth circular motion as designed but
instead in a chopping motion. Investigating the
components of the screen reveled broken internal cross
members
Figure 16. Horizontal screens, screens that have a flat

mesh angle, should have an orbit plot like this. Notice
the motion is all in a line. This indicates smooth motion
and throw of the material from one end of the screen
mesh to the other.
Knowing those facts makes it very easy to identify a bad
actor when it looks like the examples in Figures 1718.

CPS - Shaker Screens
3
- PTS=FRV FRH
ORBIT DISPLAY
22-JAN-97 17:26
RMSX= 3.04
RMSY= 2.20
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 766.
RPS = 12.77
FRH in G-s
4
2
0
-2
-4
-8
-6
-4
-2
FRV in G-s
Figure 17. This screen had several broken springs. The

lack of spring resilience is causing the screen to
bottom-out onto the frame or possibly the ground. In
the bottom left area of the trace, the flat spot indicates
the bottoming out.
CPS - Shaker Screens
3
- PTS=FRV FRH
ORBIT DISPLAY
13-FEB-97 15:55
4
RMSX= 2.32
RMSY= 2.15
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 780.
RPS = 13.00
2
FRH in G-s
Relating the traditional inspections with the

vibration data provides a tool for
troubleshooting and tuning screen
performance. The collection of the vibration
data in the vertical and horizontal planes at the
same time provides us with key data.
Screen Speed: The frequency of the up and
down motion of the screen is the speed of the
screen.
-6
-8
Relating Traditional Inspections

with Vibration Analysis
-2
Orbit Plot: By graphing the screens vertical

and horizontal vibration at the same time we
get and actual trace of the motion of the
screen.
Screen Angle: By treating the vertical and
horizontal vibration at the speed of the screen
as vectors in the x and y planes, we can use
the following equation to calculate the angle
of throw of the screen.
Arctangent (y/x) = Angle of Throw
Screen Force At Angle Of Incidence: Again
by using the vectors we can solve for the
resultant vector. Which would be the actual g
of acceleration by which the material on the
screen is handled, Figure 19.
-4
-6
-6
-4
-2
FRV in G-s
Figure 18. The springs were replaced and the follow-up

data looked like this. Further inspection found that the
top screen deck had excessive wear on the right hand
side. This condition allowed a large percentage of the
material to pass through on the right hand side of the
screen and thus overload it on that side. It was
overloaded so much that is caused the screen to throw
material from right-to- left rather than the designed
direction of left-to-right.
Figure 19: "a" is equal to the hypotenuse of the

triangle formed by x and y. Therefore, by solving for a
by a = (x2 + y2), we arrive with the resultant vector of
x and y.
Actual Length Of Stroke: By taking the

acceleration of the resultant vector a in gs
(RMS) and converting it to displacement in

mils (Peak - Peak)) at the speed of the screen,
we can calculate the actual stroke length by:

RMS Acc in G-s
Road Scrn -FLH Screen Stroke - Front Left Horiz
Stroke Length = (2 (Gs RMS 386.4

1.414)) (2 (RPM/60))2
ROUTE SPECTRUM
06-FEB-97 10:20
OVRALL= 4.72 A-DG
RMS = 4.70
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 998.
RPS = 16.63
5
4
3
2
1
0
with Stroke Length in mils Peak - Peak.
20
40
60
80
100
Frequency in Hz
Example Screen Information Derived

from Vibration Data
Acc in G-s
Consider the data viewed in Figures 20-22.

With this data we can derive:
WAVEFORM DISPLAY
06-FEB-97 10:20
RMS = 4.74
PK(+) = 6.77
PK(-) = 6.67
CRESTF= 1.43
4
0
-4
-8
Speed: 998 rpm
Horizontal Force: X = 4.694 g's
Vertical Force: Y = 4.859 g's
Angle Of Stroke: 45.98
Force At Angle Of Stroke: 6.756 gs
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4
Time in Seconds
Figure 21. Front left corner - horizontal.

Road Scrn - PTS=FLV FLH
ORBIT DISPLAY
06-FEB-97 10:20
Stroke Length: 0.676 mils (peak peak)

FLH in G-s
RMS Acc in G-s
ROUTE SPECTRUM
06-FEB-97 10:20
OVRALL= 4.89 A-DG
RMS = 4.86
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 998.
RPS = 16.63
5
4
3
2
1
0
20
40
60
80
-4
-6
100
-8
-8
8
Acc in G-s
-2
Frequency in Hz
WAVEFORM DISPLAY
06-FEB-97 10:20
RMS = 4.90
PK(+) = 7.08
PK(-) = 7.02
CRESTF= 1.45
4
0
-4
-8
0
RMSX= 4.89
RMSY= 4.73
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 998.
RPS = 16.63
Freq: 16.63
Ordr: 1.000
Spec: 4.694
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

Time in Seconds
Freq: 16.63
Ordr: 1.000
Spec: 4.859
-6
-4
-2
FLV in G-s
Figure 22. The orbit plot of the screen from Figures 20

and 21 shows that the orbit is the normal ellipse
without any sudden flat spots in the orbit that are
caused by bottoming out or broken/loose components.
Figure 20. Front left corner - vertical.
10
Bad Orbit Causes
Example weak cross member

MSP - Shaker Screens
Various reasons for detected problems are:
43
Pedestals not equidistant from screen body
Trunion not level
Springs not plumb
Screen not level
Weak Column
Broken Welds
Weak Beams (Torsional Weakness)
FLH in G-s
- PTS=FLV FLH
ORBIT DISPLAY
21-JAN-97 16:27
RMSX= 2.61
RMSY= 2.65
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 880.
RPS = 14.66
-2
-4
Structural Resonance
Belts Too Tight
Motor Broke Over Center
Broken Cross Member
Weak or Broken Springs
Uneven Feed
-6
-4
-2
FLV in G-s

43
- PTS=FRV FRH
ORBIT DISPLAY
21-JAN-97 16:28
4
RMSX= 1.91
RMSY= 2.68
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 882.
RPS = 14.69
2
FRH in G-s
-6
-2
-4
-6
-6
-4
-2
FRV in G-s
Figure 23. Orbit plots of the vibrating screen at the left

and right discharge chutes. These orbits are not smooth
circles with a singular path but instead multiple paths.
In this example, the bolts that attach the cross member
to the screen frame had rusted and sheared. Without the
cross member attached to the frame, the screen lost its
rigidity. This loss in rigidity caused the screen to
vibrate in an uncontrolled manner.
11

Example mesh degradation

43
- PTS=FLV FLH
ORBIT DISPLAY
18-FEB-97 14:49
RMSX= 2.57
RMSY= 2.57
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 877.
RPS = 14.61
- PTS=BLV BLH
Orbit Display
04-APR-97 14:23
4
RMSX= 1.88
RMSY= 2.16
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 656.
RPS = 10.93
2
BLH in G-s
FLH in G-s
8X20 E
-2
-2
-4
-4
-6
-6
-4
-2
-6
FLV in G-s
-6
-4
-2
BLV in G-s

43
- PTS=FRV FRH
ORBIT DISPLAY
18-FEB-97 14:50
4
RMSX= 2.54
RMSY= 2.65
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 879.
RPS = 14.65
Orbit Display
04-APR-97 14:24
RMSX= 2.09
RMSY= 2.42
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 656.
RPS = 10.93
2
FLH in G-s
FRH in G-s
- PTS=FLV FLH
-2
-2
-4
-4
-6
-6
-6
8X20 E
-4
-2
-6

and right discharge chutes. These were taken after the
cross-member was replaced and re-bolted.
-4
-2
FLV in G-s
FRV in G-s

and right discharge chutes. These orbits are not smooth
circles with a singular path but instead multiple paths.
The problem in this scenario was that the screen mesh
had degraded in several areas and material was falling
through in several places, which caused the material to
build up and bottom-out the screen mesh.
12

8X20 E
- PTS=BLV BLH
Orbit Display
06-FEB-97 14:33
RMSX= 1.90
RMSY= 1.93
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 1796.
RPS = 29.93
BLH in G-s
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-4
-3
-2
-1
BLV in G-s

8X20 E
- PTS=FLV FLH
Orbit Display
06-FEB-97 14:34
RMSX= 2.22
RMSY= 1.89
LOAD = 100.0
RPM = 653.
RPS = 10.88
FLH in G-s
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-4
-3
-2
-1
FLV in G-s

and right discharge chutes. These were taken after the
mesh was replaced and the material was cleared from
underneath the screen.
13

Example structural problem
Vertical
.518
Axial
.991
Discharge Right
A
B
Horizontal
.859 in./sec
Vibration readings were taken on the pedestals supporting
the springs on several corners. The arrows above represent
the vibration amplitudes in all three planes. The vertical
reading was collected with the transducer mounted in
position A. The horizontal reading was collected with the
transducer in position B. And the axial reading was also
collected in position B, but with the transducer facing the
body of the screen. The vertical and horizontal readings are
too high and indicate that the structure on which the screen
is resting is unstable or loose. Corrective action should be
taken to stiffen the structure.
Feed Right
Vibration readings were taken on this corner in the same

manner and the amplitudes are noted.
Vertical
.389 in/sec
Horizontal
The amplitudes on this corner are lower than the discharge

end, but still are above the recommended levels.
.591 in/sec
Feed Left
Vertical
Axial
.095 in/sec
1.243 in/sec
Horizontal
Vibration readings were taken on this corner in the same

manner and the amplitudes are noted.
The vertical amplitude on this corner is considerably lower
than the other corners and within the tolerable limit. This
indicates that the structural movement at this corner in the
vertical plane is not a problem. However, the horizontal
amplitude remains high. The maximum axial movement
was noted on this corner.
.661 in/sec
Discharge Left
No structural readings were collected on this corner. It was

surmised that the reading on this corner would be similar to
the other corners. And that the other readings were
sufficient to display the structural issues.
14
Conclusion
Vibrating screens are used in many types of
applications and should be maintained
regularly to keep them running trouble-free
during production schedules. It is important to
address many of the potential problems with
vibrating screens though continued monitoring
and analysis of the components that comprise
the system. Through an insight of the overall
system and common problems and possible
solutions, the reader is helped to better
understand the process and solutions to many
of those problems.
References
For more information on vibration analysis
techniques and vibrating screens, please
explore the additional resources on

@ptitudeXchange such as:
SKF Handbook Vibrating Screens, publication
number SKF_4202_E
Bearing Failure Case Study, MB02009
Early Warning Fault Detection in Rolling
Element Bearings Using Microlog
Enveloping, CM3021
Vibration Principles, JM02007
An Introductory Guide to Vibration, JM02001
SKF Copperhead
http://www.skf.com/copperhead
15

Vibration Applications of Vibrating Screens

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Vibration Applications of Vibrating Screens

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Vibration Monitoring

Use of this document is governed by the terms

Vibration Monitoring of Vibrating Screens

the vibrating screen. The vibrating screen is

2004 SKF Reliability Systems All Rights Reserved

Vibration Monitoring of Vibrating Screens

The screen is supported on all four corners by

Signal Modulation Concerns

that the carrier frequency would be filtered

(PkVue- HP 500 Hz)

Typical modulated data would only appear as

-RFB Right Feed Bearing

RMS Acceleration in G-s

many as three decks. The decks are arranged

Figure 2. Spectrum of a bearing in good condition.

2004 SKF Reliability Systems All Rights Reserved

Vibration Monitoring of Vibrating Screens

Ter - Shaker Screens

-RFB Right Feed Bearing

-LFB Left Feed Bearing

Ter - Shaker Screens

-LFB Left Feed Bearing

(PkVue- HP 500 Hz)

Figure 3. Time waveform of a bearing in good

RMS Acceleration in G-s

Figure 5. Time waveform of bearing with the inner race

Measuring spring height

Checking for level spring mounts

Checking the level of screen (side to side)

Checking for evenly distributed flow from

Checking for restrictions to motion

Checking the stroke (trace of the motion)

Measuring the stroke length

Measuring screen speed

Figure 4. Spectrum of bearing with inner race fault

The traditional analysis of a screens motion,

2004 SKF Reliability Systems All Rights Reserved

Vibration Monitoring of Vibrating Screens

12.0 - 10.5 750 - 800

Aggregates 25.4 to 6.7

Vibration Data Collection

Figure 6. Area on the vibrating screen where sensors

There are two sensors collecting data. One is

Table 1. HD - Heavy Duty: Deep bed depth. High % of

2004 SKF Reliability Systems All Rights Reserved

Vibration Monitoring of Vibrating Screens

Road Scrn -FLV Screen Stroke - Front Left Vert

cycles per minute, we know the number of

RMS Acc in G-s

OVRALL= 4.89 A-DG

Road Scrn -FLV Screen Stroke - Front Left Vert

Prim - Road Rock Screen

Figure 7. Waveform of vibrating screen in good

Screen Stroke - Back Left

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Figure 9. This screen data reflects that something is

Figure 8. The conversion of the time waveform, Figure

The vibration data in Figure 7-8 show the

Vibration Monitoring of Vibrating Screens

1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

Figure 10. This particular screen had rubber donuts

Why is that necessary when we have the

Screen Stroke - Front Left