Queenan, John T., Catherine Y. Spong, and Charles J. Lockwood.

Management of High-Risk
Pregnancy: An Evidence-Based Approach. 5th ed. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub., 2007.
Web.
1.) RELEVANCY: This book is some what relevant to my topic because it had some risks of
C-section after vaginal birth. One down fall however is that it mainly focuses on the risks
that come along with a cesarean section. This book however might have information that
I have already came across.
2.) ACCURACY: The accuracy of the book seems to be reliable. I do not think that these
books are biased for one side or the other. It seems like all the data comes from people
whom know what they are talking about.
3.) CURRECNY: This book was actually published in 2007 which could be a little outdated.
I think this could be a problem because there could be new things that have been updated.
However, some information could still be relevant.
4.) AUTHORITY: From reading into the first pages of the book the author John Queenan
has his MD so his authority is reliable as it seems like he has experience in the field. I
also checked into the contributors and they all had some sort of educational degree in this
field. Overall I think everyone who contributed to this book is reliable.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of this book is to keep the public updated on pregnancies. I do
not think that the author is omitting any facts. I also think the information is presented
clearly.
6.) RATING: I would rate this book a 5 because all their information is reliable. I also rated
it a 5 because they made the text understandable. I also think it has good information
ANNOTATION: This book contains a lot of information that a mother might want to know
about being pregnant and all the other factors that take into play when being pregnant. It
discusses having a cesarean section and how it has increased in the last years. It also includes
information on repeat cesarean sections and how it can affect a VBAC. It also has
information on illness on why a C-section could fail etc. I might use this information to
describe some factors that take into play with being pregnant and why a C-section would
need to be done. This article is similar to my other articles because it has a lot of information
that other ones already have.
Guise, Jeanne-Marie., United States, and Oregon Health & Science University. Vaginal Birth
After Cesarean: New Insights. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and
Quality, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2010. Web. Evidence
report/technology assessment, no. 191; AHRQ Publication, no. 10-E003; Evidence
report/technology assessment, no. 191; AHRQ publication, no. 10-E003.
1.) RELEVANCY: This book does relate to my topic because it discusses the risks of
vaginal birth after cesarean section. I think it includes information that I might have not
seen/read about before. It also goes into depth about other complications that might
occur.
2.) ACCURACY: The accuracy of the book seems to be reliable. I do not think that these
books are biased for one side or the other. It seems like all the data comes from people
whom know what they are talking about.

3.) CURRENCY: This book was published in 2010, which is well over 5 years. I think so
that however it might still include viable information. But it might also include some
information that has not been updated.
4.) AUTHORITY: From reading into the first pages of the book the author has their MD so
his authority is reliable as it seems like he has experience in the field. I also checked into
the contributors and they all had some sort of educational degree in this field. Overall I
think everyone who contributed to this book is reliable.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of this book is to give new insights on VBAC. I think it also
helps the readers understand the risks and other things. The information is presented
clearly.
6.) RATING: I would rate this book a 5 because all their information is reliable. I also rated
it a 5 because they made the text understandable. I also think it has good information.
ANNOTATION: This article reviews the trends and incidence of VBACs on maternal
mothers. It also has information on the harms of a VBAC for a mother. Finally it has
information on the benefits that having a VBAC can have on the baby or even the risks. I
hope to possibly have information about the statistics that they included about their results.
This article has some similarities to other articles because again it has the dangers and
benefits of a VBAC. However, this article has data of other reasons on why a VBAC can be
dangerous.
Durnwald, Celeste P., and Brian M. Mercer. "Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery: Predicting
Success, Risks of Failure." Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 15.6 (2004):
388-393. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Mar. 2016.
1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this scholarly article is relevant to my topic, because it states that
some women do face some risks of having a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean
section is done. It also includes some other useful information. It also gives me statistics
on VBAC success/failure.
2.) ACCURACY: The accuracy of this article seems reliable and worthy. The information
comes from a school of medicine. I also dont think that the article is biased.
3.) CURRECNY: The article looks like it was published in 2004, which is well over 10
years. This might cause some inaccuracy in information. However, some information
might still be reliable.
4.) AUTHORITY: From the reading of the article it looks like the authors work in the
medical field so it is reliable. They also received their information from a research the
preformed. So it is not second hand information they wrote it themselves.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of the article is to determine the success of having a VBAC or
the failure of a VBAC. It also discusses why the VBAC was successful. It also discusses
why it failed.
6.) RATING: I would rate the article a 4 because there are some words that I do not
understand what it means. Also because the research part confused me with all the
numbers. Overall though it had good information.
ANNOTATION: The objective in this article was to predict the success rates of trial of
labors of woman who had a C-section in her previous birth. It also wants to look into
illnesses that were connected with a VBAC. This article also contains a lot of data that they
collected from their research. I hope to use this information in my research to look into how

some illness are connected to a failed VBAC. This article is similar to others, because it
contains data that was collected from a research done.
"C-section: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S.
National Library of Medicine, 28 July 2014. Web. 06 Mar. 2016.
1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this article is relevant to my topic. It talks about the risks of a
VBAC. It also talks about how a C-section is preformed which might be too much
information.
2.) ACCURACY: The accuracy of this article seems reliable and worthy. The information
comes from a reliable government organization. I also dont think that the article is
biased.
3.) CURRENCY: This article is not out of date it was updated in 2014. This is good because
it probably undated things with newer information for the public. I think the information
will be useful.
4.) AUTHORITY: The only downfall is that it does not include a specific author for the
article. It does name the people who updated it so that might be better than nothing. I also
think the place that published it might be linked to a government organization.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to inform the public about the cesarean
section. It let them know how it was preformed. It also talks about the risks.
6.) RATING: I would rate this article a 5, because it is short and sweet it gets to the point. I
also gave it a 5 because the information is presented clearly. I also think the information
was understandable.
ANNOTATION: To begin this article describes how a C-section is preformed and how the
baby is born. It also gives the readers information on why the procedure is performed, among
this is type of health problems. It also has a lists of why a C-section is dangerous. I will use
this article to provide my audience about how a C-section is done. This article relates to other
articles because it has information of the risks that come along with a C-section.
"Vaginal Birth after C-section (VBAC)." - Mayo Clinic. MAYO Clinic Staff, 12 June 2015.
Web. 06 Mar. 2016.
1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this website from the WWW is helpful in my topic. It has a lot
of information I have not came across. It goes into other topics that might or might
not be helpful.
2.) ACCURACY: No I do not detect bias. I think this article is just trying to explain
everything straight out and not lie about it. The information is presented as facts not
opinions.
3.) CURRENCY: Yes, this article is actually very up-to-date it was published in 2015.
This is good because it probably includes any new information not presented before.
The information seems to be relevant.
4.) AUTHORITY: This website does not include a specific author; it just states it was
written by MAYO Clinic Staff. This could be bad because we dont know what kind
of experience they have in the field. The only good thing is that the website is one
that ends in .org which most of the time is good.

5.) PURPOSE: The article is informing how a C-section is done. It also informs the
audience that it is not for everyone and why. Also it talks about the multiple risks
there is.
6.) RATING: I would rate this article a 4, just because it does not have a specific author,
so I dont know what their experience or authority is. This article seems pretty
reliable though. It also seems like it has been up to date.
ANNOTATION: This article first begins by discussing the risks that come from having a
VBAC. It also provides the audience with information on how to prepare if you decide to
have a VBAC. It also has information on what expecting mothers can expect after having
a VBAC. I hope to use this information to tell my audience on how to prepare for a
VBAC and what they can expect and so on. This article is the same to other articles,
because it has risk that come with a VABC, but it is also different because it tells
someone how to prepare for a VBAC and so on.
"Vaginal Birth after Cesarean (VBAC)." BabyCenter. BabyCenter Medical Advisory
Board, Sept. 2014. Web. 06 Mar. 2016.
1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this article is relevant in my topic. It might however have
information that I have already seen. It also has other useful facts.
2.) ACCURACY: No I do not detect bias. This article is providing good information to
the public. It presents facts not opinions
3.) CURRENCY: This article is up-to-date it was published in 2014. This means that the
information is relatively new and not out of date. The information seems to be
relevant.
4.) AUTHORITY: This website however does not have a specific author. Its not good
because Im not sure who is writing this information and what their authority is. All it
says is that it was revised by the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of this is to tell expecting mothers that it will be like to have
a VBAC. It also explains them the risks it may come with. It also helps them know
the benefits of a VBAC.
6.) RATING: I would rate this article a 4, just because it does not have a specific author,
so I dont know what their experience or authority is. This article seems pretty
reliable though. It also seems like it has been up to date.
ANNOTATION: This article tells expecting mothers what their chances are of
having a natural birth after a cesarean section. It also tells mothers what some of the
factors that take into play to be able to have a successful VBAC. It also has some
interventions that a mother will need if she does want to try doing a VBAC. I will use
this information by hopefully using the factors that play a role in having a successful
VBAC. This article is the same as others, because it has the risks that come with
having a VBAC but it also has other helpful information.

NEW SOURCES
Shearer, E L. "Cesarean Section: Medical Benefits And Costs." Social Science & Medicine
(1982) 37.10 (1993): 1223-1231.MEDLINE. Web. 23 Apr. 2016.
1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this article will be relevant to my topic. However it might already
include information that I might have gathered from other sources. On the bright side this
article has reasons as to why a C-section would need to be done.
2.) ACCURACY: No I do not feel like there is any bias in the article. The reason for this is,
because the article is written in a reliable journal. I also dont think that it is bias because
it has facts versus opinions.
3.) CURRENCY: This article is a bit out of date which I think could be bad. The reason for
this is because information might have changed since the year it was published in.
However, when I was reading it some of the information still remains true as to why a Csection would need to be done.
4.) AUTHORITY: I am not too sure if the individual(s) who wrote this might be qualified to
give out these facts. However, it looks like they did some intense research and also it is
published on a professional journal so I think that it has been reviewed over a couple of
times.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to inform expecting mothers on the benefits
and cost of having a C-section, also it talks about why C-sections would need to be
performed and what the risks are of having one done.
6.) RATING: I would rate this article a 4, just due to the fact that it is so out dated and it
could have some misleading information. However, it still included information that is
still true to this day.
ANNOTATION: This article has information on how much more cesarean sections are
being done then in the past. It also has information about some of the risks that it can have on
the infant if a C-section is done. Finally, it also talks about why some expecting mothers
would need to have a cesarean section done. I will use this information in my research to
include the data that is found here to share with other people. This article has some relation to
my other sources but I think what sets it apart is the fact that it includes reasons as to why a
cesarean section might need to be done instead of having a natural birth.
Gyamfi, Cynthia, et al. "Single- Versus Double-Layer Uterine Incision Closure And Uterine
Rupture." The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine: The Official Journal
Of The European Association Of Perinatal Medicine, The Federation Of Asia And
Oceania Perinatal Societies, The International Society Of Perinatal
Obstetricians 19.10 (2006): 639-643. MEDLINE. Web. 23 Apr. 2016.
1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this article is relevant to my topic. It is new information that
compares the number of VBACs and how they might become risky.
2.) ACCURACY: No, I do not think that this article is biased and I think that it has credible
information in it. The reason for this would be, because the way that they got their
information is by doing their own research and gathering accurate information.
3.) CURRENCY: From the looks of it this article is about 10 years old which could lead to
some of the information being out of date. However some of the information included
could still be accurate enough to use in my research.

4.) AUTHORITY: From the reading of the article it looks like one of the authors works in
the medical field so it is reliable. They also received their information from a research
that they performed. So it is not second hand information they wrote it themselves.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to inform expecting mothers or mothers who
have already have had a cesarean section what they risks are if they have had more than 2
sections and if they are wanting to have a natural birth.
6.) RATING: I would rate this article a 4 , because I like that it has new information that I
can use to compare the risks of having one section versus two and how it can affect a
VBAC.
ANNOTATION: This article includes information/ data on what happens when a mother has
one C-section and then has a natural birth. It also includes information on what happens
when a mother who has had two C-sections tries to deliver naturally. With all of this it has
the success rates of both of them. I would use this information in my research by sharing it
with other people on how the difference that one C-section can have when having a VBAC.
"VBAC: Vaginal Birth after Cesarean." American Pregnancy Association. American
Pregnancy Association, 25 Apr. 2012. Web. 23 Apr. 2016.
1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this article is relevant to my topic. It is relevant because it has
information on what type of criteria it is to have if youre trying to have a VBAC.
However again this might already have some information that some of my other articles
might have.
2.) ACCURACY: No, I dont think that this article is biased because it has more facts than
opinions. Also I do not think that this article is biased because they are not trying to
persuade an expecting mother to do a VBAC rather they are informing them on the topic.
3.) CURRENCY: This article was published about 4 years ago which is not bad, because
that means that the information is up to date. Another plus is that this article was updated
in August of last year.
4.) AUTHORITY: One downfall that this article has is that it does not provide a specific
author for the whole article. However, the article was published by a company that looks
to be credible. Another reason I think this is because the website URL ends in .org which
is usually a good thing.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of the article is to inform the readers on the topic of a VBAC. It
also includes information on reasons why a cesarean might have been needed to be done
on the mother and how this can affect her chances of having a VBAC in the future. It also
has a list for expecting mothers to see if they qualify to have a VBAC or not.
6.) RATING: I would rate this article a 4 just because it did not have a specific author and
I feel like that is important when it comes to finding articles. However, the fact that the
article was up to date made up for not having an author!
ANNOTATION: This article includes a chart on comparing a repeat cesarean section VS a
VBAC. It also lists out reasons on why a cesarean might be better for the mother and they
baby. Finally it has information on whether an expecting mother would be a good candidate
to have a VBAC depending on their previous births. I would use this in my research to let
other people know if they are the right candidates to have a VBAC or not. This article is
different because it has charts that compare a repeat cesarean section to a VBAC.
"Vaginal Birth after Cesarean." March of Dimes. March of Dimes, Aug. 2015. Web. 23 Apr. 2016

1.) RELEVANCY: Yes, this article is relevant to my topic. However since my topic is so
narrowed down it might already have some of the same information that my other articles
have. On the bright side this article might have a different view on this topic so it can still
have new information.
2.) ACCURACY: No, I dont think that this article is biased because it has more facts than
opinions. Also I do not think that this article is biased because they are not trying to
persuade an expecting mother to do a VBAC rather they are informing them on the topic.
3.) CURRENCY: This article is recently new which a good thing, because it means that it
has new information and it is more up to date. This will be helpful because I will not have
to worry about whether the information is accurate or not.
4.) AUTHORITY: One downfall that this article has is that it does not provide a specific
author for the whole article. However, the article was published by a company that looks
to be credible. Another reason I think this is because the website URL ends in .org which
is usually a good thing.
5.) PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to inform readers and expecting mothers on the
topic of VBAC. It also lets the readers know whether having a VBAC is okay for them
and if not why and if it is then why.
6.) RATING: I would rate this article a 4 just because it did not have a specific author and
I feel like that is important when it comes to finding articles. However, the fact that the
article was up to date made up for not having an author!
ANNOTATION: This article first off starts by telling the readers what a VBAC is which is
good because someone who does not know this will now be informed. Also it has a list which
lets the mothers to be know if they would be good candidates to have a VBAC and why.
Another thing is that it shares the benefits and the risks of having a VBAC. I will use this in
my research to inform others on more reasons as to what would make them a good candidate
to have a VBAC and why or why not. This is different from my other articles because it has
both the benefits and risks of having a VBAC.