 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
EF٢‫א‬

١٣٢
  ١٣٢ 
EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

     K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬
،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ 
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  EF ٢   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   E F ١ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ER,L,C F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬ER,LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
K‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬ER,L,C)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤

-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F‫א‬
ER,L,CF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EJ J FJ W‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
GFunction Generator EF-GFJ ١
GElectronic Voltmeter EVSF‫א‬J ٢
GDigital Multimeter EVXFJ ٣
GResistor Box ERs=١٠٠ ΩFJ ٤
GCircuit element For measurment CXLX RX‫א‬J ٥
RX=٤٧Ω,L=٤{٥٥m.H,C=٠{٤٧µ.F
K––J ٦
* Measurement of Resistance KERXF‫א‬J ١
W‫א‬‫א‬

I
1:10K.H

RS RX

VS VX

ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
VOLTAMETER MULTIMEETER

J W‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬F=١K.H.ZESIN WAVEFEF.G F‫א‬J ٢
KV=٤V
KEVXF‫א‬‫א‬EVSF‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
ERXF‫א‬‫א‬EIF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬EFF‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

* ١- EXPERIMENT (١) RS=١٠٠ Ω ,RX=٤٧ Ω


Frequency VS VX I=VS/RS RX=VX/I

١{٠ K.H.Z
٢{٠ K.H.Z
٣{٠ K.H.Z
٤{٠ K.H.Z
٥{٠ K.H.Z
٦{٠ K.H.Z
٧{٠K.H.Z
٨{٠ K.H.Z
٩{٠ K.H.Z
١٠{٠ K.H.Z

GMeasurement of Inductive Reactance KEXLF‫א‬‫א‬J ٢

J W‫א‬‫א‬

i
1:10K.H

RS XL

VS VX

ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
VOLTAMETER MULTIMEETER

-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢F‫א‬EXLF‫א‬ERXF‫א‬J ١
‫א‬F=١K.H.ZSIN WAVE‫א‬J ٢
KV=٤ VOLT 
‫א‬KEVXF‫א‬‫א‬EVSF‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
KELF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

* ١- EXPERIMENT (٢) RS=١٠٠ Ω ,L=٤٫٥٥ m.H , V=٤ VOLT

Frequency VS VX I=VS/RS XL=VX/I XL=٢Лf.L
١{٠ K.H.Z
٢{٠ K.H.Z
٣{٠ K.H.Z
٤{٠ K.H.Z
٥{٠ K.H.Z
٦{٠ K.H.Z
٧{٠K.H.Z
٨{٠ K.H.Z
٩{٠ K.H.Z
١٠{٠ K.H.Z

-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

GMeasurement of Capacitive Reactance KEXCF‫א‬‫א‬J ٣

J W‫א‬‫א‬

I
1:10K.H

RS XC

VS VX

ELECTRONIC DIGITAL
VOLTAMETER MULTIMEETER

J W‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣F‫א‬EXCF‫א‬EXLF‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KV=٤ VOLT ‫א‬F=١K.H.ZSIN WAVE‫א‬ K٢
KECF‫א‬‫א‬KEVXF‫א‬‫א‬EVSF‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

* ١- EXPERIMENT (٣) RS=١٠٠ Ω ,C=٠,٤٧ µ F , V=٤ VOLT

Frequency VS VX I=VS/RS XC=VX/I XC=١L٢πfc
١{٠ K.H.Z
٢{٠ K.H.Z
٣{٠ K.H.Z
٤{٠ K.H.Z
٥{٠ K.H.Z
٦{٠ K.H.Z
٧{٠K.H.Z
٨{٠ K.H.Z
٩{٠ K.H.Z
١٠{٠ K.H.Z
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RX ,XL ,XC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G

R X ,X L ,X C

F
K .H .Z


J W‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬XL ,XC EFF‫א‬ K١
 EFF ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    XL  XC     K٢
‫؟‬‫א‬

-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KELF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
KEQ- FactorF‫א‬ K٥
J W‫א‬‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEossilloscopeF‫א‬‫א‬ K١
(Function Generator) F.G K٢
KED.CF K٣
KEUnknown CoilF K٤
Resistor R٢=١٠٠ Ώ ,R٣=١٠ Ώ ‫א‬ K٥
Resistor ER٤F K٦
 Capacitor ٠{١µf ٠{٤٧µf ١µf ٤{٧µf ٤{٧µf ١٠µf ‫א‬ K٧
 K–– K٨

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KU١= ٤ voltD.C‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ R٤E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣
  ٤ volt‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 R٤‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬ER١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

R٢.R٣
GR١=------------ --------------(١)
R٤
J WEU١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
G UPP=١٠V ,F=٢٠ K.H.Z ,KX=١٠µ sec/Cm
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KEL١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
KEC٤F‫א‬‫א‬

* L١=C٤.R٢.R٣ →(٢) 

J WEQF‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

WL١٢ΠFL١
GQ = -------- = ------------- ----------- -----(٣)
R١ R١
J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢K.H.Z‫א‬ K١
 KJ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

٢٠k.h.zEQ-FactorF‫א‬ K٣

٢Πfl
 Q = ----------- = →
R١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

R٢.R٣ 
R١=-------- →
R٤
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥

L١= C٤.R٢.R٣ → 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EF٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEJ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٤
‫א‬
W‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
E٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
E٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G

- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F
EJ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF
J W‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Variable A.C suppleE٠ ٢٥٠VF‫א‬ K١
EWattmeter ) ١{٥{١٠ A –١٠٠{٢٠٠ V ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
EVoltmeter A.C ) ٠ –٢٥٠V  K٣
EAmmeter A.C) ١A,٣A,١٠A  K٤
 Load Consists of Resistance and Coil ‫א‬ K٥
R=٤٢ Ώ/٥A , L=٩{٦ m.H E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K K٦
J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KL=٩{٦m.H‫א‬‫א‬R=٢٠ ΏERLF‫א‬ K٣
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬ESupplyF‫א‬ K٤
KELF‫א‬ERF‫א‬
E١F‫א‬

VT ٤٠ ٤٥ ٥٠ ٥٥ ٦٠ ٦٥ ٧٠ ٧٥
VR
VL
 Φ
COSΦ

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  VL ‫א‬ VR ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K٥
KCOS Φ‫א‬Φ‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬

Vt(v) ٤٠ ٤٥ ٥٠ ٥٥ ٦٠ ٦٥ ٧٠ ٧٥
I(A)
W(watt)
Wcal=V.I.COSΦ
Erro=wcal-w
err℅=wcal-w/wcal ℅

KEAF‫א‬EwF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EsupplyF‫א‬ K٦
J W‫א‬ K٧
Wcal. =Vt .I. COSΦ → 
‫א‬ K٨
W–Wcal 
℅ Error=------------ x ١٠٠ →
Wcal
KEILF‫א‬EWF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩

- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬

IL

- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ER, XC, XL)‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (COSΦF‫א‬
K
ZW‫א‬‫א‬

w XL XC R
A

Singl Phase
V

Load
C O SΦ

A uto transf.
0 - 250 v
E xperim ent M easurm ent
of electric P ow er

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KR,XL,XC‫א‬ K١
Auto transformer (٠ ٢٥٠) ‫א‬ K٢
Ewattmeter) ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Ecos Φ) ‫א‬ K٤
EvoltmeterF‫א‬ K٥
EAmmeter) ‫א‬ K٦
  K٧

- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬V=١٠٠ vEAuto. Trans.)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KResistor loadERLF‫א‬ K٣
KCurrent Adjes ‫א‬‫א‬EIF‫א‬ K٤
.(I, V, P,COSΦ)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٥
KI, V, PCOSΦ‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬COSΦ
K‫א‬EIF‫א‬ K٧
XCXL‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩

E١F
GV=١٠٠ (v) ,Load =R 

Measurements Calculated
I(A) V(volt) P(w) Cos Φ P=V.I COSΦ = P/V.I
٠{٢٥A
٠{٥٠A
٠{٧٥A
١{٠A
١{٥A
٢{٠A
٢{٥A
٣{٠A


- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F
GV=١٠٠ (v) ,Load =XL 

Measurements Calculated
I(A) V(volt) P(w) Cos Φ P=V.I COSΦ = P/V.I

٠{٢٥A
٠{٥٠A
٠{٧٥A
١{٠A
١{٥A
٢{٠A
٢{٥A
٣{٠A

E٣F
GV=١٠٠ (v) , Load =XC 

Measurements Calculated
I(A) V(volt) P(w) Cos Φ P=V.I COSΦ = P/V.I
٠{٢٥A
٠{٥٠A
٠{٧٥A
١{٠A
١{٥A
٢{٠A
٢{٥A
٣{٠A


- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ECOSΦF‫א‬EI F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
KER, XL, XC F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

COSΦ
R xl xc

I(A )

- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
cos Φ‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
W
R

V
L

LOAD
AC
V V
A.C
L

V1

V3

Φ
V2
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EVariable A.C Supply ٠ ٢٥٠ v)‫א‬ K١
EWattmeter )‫א‬ K٢
EVoltmeter V١,V٢,V٣ )  K٣
R=٤٢ Ω/٥A  K٤
Coil L =٢X٥٠٠ wdg EF‫ א‬K٥
  K٦

- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EV١F‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
E V١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V١,V٢‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEV١F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
EV١F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
Wcal═V٣.I.COS → 
═V٣.V٢/.COSΦ

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
Wcal-W
error℅=-----------x١٠٠
Wcal
E WF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬

EV١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 J W‫א‬

V١(volt) ١٠ ١٢ ١٥ ١٨ ٢٠
V٢(volt)
V٣(volt)
W(watt)
I=V٢/R Amp
CosΦ
Wcal (Watt)
Erro=Wcal- Watt
erro℅=Wcal-W/wcal Χ ١٠٠

- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 EWF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬erro℅‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
K‫א‬‫א‬

ERR
0 /0

- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
cos Φ‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EVariable A.C Supply ٠ ٢٥٠ v)‫א‬ K١
EWattmeter )‫א‬ K٢
EVoltmeter V١,V٢,V٣ )  K٣
R=١١٠ Ω/٢{٥A  K٤
Load Consists of Resistance and Coil ‫ א‬K٥
R=١١٠ Ω, ٢{٥A ,L=٩{٦ m.H E‫א‬F
 K٦
J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
KR=٤ΩEF‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KL=٩{٦ m.H ‫א‬RL=٥Ω EF‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬EI١F‫א‬KESupplyF‫א‬ K٥
KI٢ ,I٣ ‫א‬EWF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
    ‫א‬‫א‬ I١,I٢,I٣ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٨
KEI١F‫א‬‫א‬
. COSΦ ‫א‬ . Φ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

J W‫א‬

I1
I3

φ
I2 v
 J W‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
Wcal= V٣. I٣.cosΦ →
=(I٢.R) .I٣ .cos Φ →
 J W‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠

erro℅= Wcal -W
Wcal-W
erro℅ = --------- Χ ١٠٠
Wcal
(average erro ℅) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬.١١
+ + +
= ----------------------------
٧
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
I١ (Amp ) ١ ١٫٥ ٢ ٢٫٥ ٣ ٣٫٥ ٤
I٢ (Amp)
I٣(Amp)
I٢.R=V
W ( watt)
Wcal
CosΦ
Erro=Wcal –W
Erro=wcal-w/wcal
Ploss=I.R

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

.EWF‫א‬‫א‬erro℅‫א‬‫א‬‫* ارﺳﻢ‬

+err%

0 w

-err%

- ٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Y ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
 EJ J F‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬

L1
A.C Transf
w1 L2
L3

L.v
Z

w2
Z

w3


 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
R١=٤٧Ω,R٢=١٠٠Ω,R٣=٢٢٠Ω ‫א‬ K٣
 L١= ٩{٦ m.H ,L٢= ٩{٦ m.H ,L٣= ٩{٦ m.H ‫א‬
 C١= µ.F,C٢= µ.F,C٣= µ.F ‫א‬
 KJ  K٤

- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬E ΥF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 J WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 vPh=٦ vVPh =٢٢ v 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 J W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 J W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
 Pwt=W١HW٢HW٣ (Watt) → 



- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 E٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬∆ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 EJ J F‫א‬‫א‬
 J W‫א‬‫א‬
L1
A.C Transf L2
w1
L3

L.v

z2
Z

w2
Z

z3

 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
R١=٤٧Ω,R٢=١٠٠Ω,R٣=٢٢٠Ω ‫א‬ K٣
 L١= ٩{٦ m.H ,L٢= ٩{٦ m.H ,L٣= ٩{٦ m.H ‫א‬
 C١= µ.F,C٢= µ.F,C٣= µ.F ‫א‬
 J  K٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 J W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ∆F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 J WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 VL=١٠ vVL =٣٨ v 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 J W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 J W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
Pwt=W١HW٢ (Watt) → 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

 

٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬

F.G V X

U1 Oscill

ZW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Function Generator EF.GF K١
Oscilloscope ‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
J  K٤

J W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
Ky= ١v/cm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
Kx=٢m sec/cm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
f=١٠٠H.zE=٣v‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kx=١m sec/cm ‫א‬ K٥
Kx=٥m sec/cm 
Ky=٢v/cm

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Kx=٢m sec/ cm ‫א‬ K٦
EF.GF‫א‬
K
J W‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

EF-GF  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EF EF

F(H.Z) E Em E Ky Kx
١٠٠٠H.Z ٣V ٢v/cm ٢m sec/cm
١٠٠H.Z ٢v/cm ١m sec/cm
١٠٠H.Z ٢v/cm ٥m sec/cm
٥٠٠H.Z ٢v/cm ٢m sec/cm
١٠٠٠ H.Z ٢v/cm ٢m sec/cm
١٥٠٠ H.Z ٢v/cm ٢m sec/cm

J W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
E=٣V
Ky=٢ v/cm
Kx= ٢m sec/ cm
J W‫א‬‫א‬
UPP - UP - Ur.m.s
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

U/V

u max

UP Ueff UPP

O
t/m.s

UP.P= ٢UP
UP=Umax=√٢.Ueff.
UP.P=٢√٢ .Ueff

Ueff=up/√٢=Umax/√٢
= ٠٫٧٠٧ Umax
=٠٫٧٠٧ UP

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
J W‫א‬‫א‬

F.G OSCILLOS

J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF.GF K١
KEOSCILF‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
K K٤
J W‫א‬‫א‬
 KEsin waveF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
UP.P=١٢ V‫א‬f=١٠ K.H.Z‫א‬ K٢
KKx=١٠ µs/cm‫א‬Ky=٢v/cm‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬EFF‫א‬KETF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKy=٢v/cmKx=٢٠µs/cm‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬EfF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

KEtrianngularF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kf=٢٠ K.H.zEF.GF‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KKx=١٠µs/cmKy=٢v/cm‫א‬ K٣
KEfF‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
KETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKx=٢٠ µsec/cm‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
KEfF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

 KEsquare waveF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬f=٥ k.H.z‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
KKx=٢٠ µsec /cm ,Kx=٥٠ µsec/cm ‫א‬ K٣
Ky = ٢v/cm ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
KEfF‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

Esin waveF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ EH.ZF
  
  
EF.GF UP.P EF) EKyF EKxF
EEF EEF ETF
١٠ K.Hz ١٢ ٢v/cm ١٠µsec/cm

١٠ K.Hz ١٢ ٢v/cm

- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 EtriangularF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ EH.ZF
 
  
EF.GF UP.P EF) EKyF EKxF
EEF EEF ETF
٢٠ ١٢ ٢v/cm ١٠µsec/cm
K.Hz
٢٠ ١٢ ٢v/cm ٢٠µsec/cm
K.Hz

 Esquare waveF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ EH.ZF
  
  
EF.GF UP.P EF) EKyF EKxF
EEF EEF ETF
٥ K.Hz ١٢ ٢v/cm ٢٠µsec/cm

٥ K.Hz ١٢ ٢v/cm ٥٠µsec/cm

EF‫א‬
U/V

t/m.s
0

T
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

EF‫א‬
U /V

t/m .s

T
T = A X .K X
 EF‫א‬

t/m .s
0
T

J W‫א‬
K١
K٢
K٣
K٤

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J W‫א‬‫א‬
ER-CF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J W 
J W‫א‬‫א‬

CH1
C1
CH2

R1
F.G
OSCILL

N
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Edual trace OscilloscopeF‫א‬ K١
EFunction GeneratorF K٢
C١=١٠nf K٣
R=٢{٢K.Ώ ,١K.Ώ ,٣{٣K.Ώ K٤
 KJ J  K٥
J W‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬E R١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Ef=١٠k.H.zFEUp.p =٤ vFEF.GF‫א‬ K٢
KEsin waveF
C=١٠ nf‫א‬R=٢{٢ K.Ώ‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬EIF‫א‬‫א‬EUF‫א‬ K٤

- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E KxF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KEKyF‫א‬
J W‫א‬Ephase shiftF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
S١ . ١٨٠ 
Φ=------------- → ١
S٢
 E ΦF‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E HOR-EXTF   ‫ א‬K٧

Sin Φ= a/b=a/b
‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
R = ١K.Ω
R= ٣{٣ K.Ω
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٩
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     E١٠F ‫א‬  E١F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K١٠
J W‫א‬
R=٢{٢ K.Ω
C=١٠ n.f
Up.p= ٤ V
 K‫א‬EΦF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١

E١F
GUp.p=٤ v , f=١٠ k.H.z , C=١٠ nf 

R Φ١ Φ٢
٢{٢k.Ω
١k.Ω
٣{٣kΩ

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

E٢F
G Up.p=٤v ,C=١٠nf ,R=٢{٢kΩ 

F  Φ١  Φ٢
١ k.H.z
١{٥ k.H.z
٢ k.H.z
٥ k.H.z
١٠ k.H.z

 J W‫א‬EΦF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

U/i
U

S1
S2 Φ = S 1. 180 0 / S 2

- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٣٢ 
 EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

KEHOR- EXTF‫א‬EФF‫א‬‫א‬J W

b a

a− −
b

S I Nφ = a / b = a − / b −

- ٤٠ -
  ١٣٢ 
EF٢‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
١  J W‫א‬‫א‬
٢  KER-L-CF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F  ‫א‬‫א‬
٧  KEF‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
١٠  J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
١١  K–F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E٢F 
١٤  KER-XL-XCF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
١٨  KCOSф‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
٢١  KCOSΦ‫א‬
٢٤  J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E ١F 
EY F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥  K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E ٢F 
E ∆ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
٢٧  K
٢٩  J W‫א‬
٣٠  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
٣٣  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٣F  
٣٧  K‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

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