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Math: Chapter 1Patterns and Equations

Key words:

Input/output machine
Coordinate grid
Cartesian Plane
Origin (not organ)
Coordinates
Ordered Pair

Horizontal axis
Vertical axis
Commutative property (only works
with + or )
Preservation of equality
Equivalent form of an equation

Lesson 1: Patterns are everywhere

An input/output machine is a machine that uses an OPERATION to create a number

pattern
Remember Dr. Einstein! He is the one who performs the operations ( adds,
subtracts, multiplies or divides)
An input/output machine can hold 2 operations
How can we find what the pattern rule is?
o Step 1: Is it increasing or decreasing
If it is increasing, start by adding or multiplying
It it is decreasing, start by subtracting or dividing
o Step 2: Start at 1, then move up trying different operations until one fits.
If you are asked to find the pattern rule for the output: only look at the output numbers.
Is there a pattern?
If you are asked to find the pattern rule for the input: Only look at the input numbers.
Is there a pattern?

Example:
Input
1
2
3

Output
5
7
9

What is the input rule?

What is the output rule?
What is the pattern rule?

Jensen 2012

Lesson 2: Patterns from Tables

We can draw pictures to show the relationship between input and output tables
Input will always represent Figure Number
Output will always represent the number of shapes, or images

Lets try this: Draw what each figure will look like
Input
1
2
3
4

Output
2
3
4
5

Figure #1

Figure #2

Figure #3

Figure #4

Lesson 3: Using Variables to describe Patterns

Now that we know how to find patterns, we are going to introduce using a variable so
that we can explore and predict patterns when we use any number as our input
A variable is a letter that is used to represent a number

Practice:
If we find out that the pattern rule for an input/output table is: x 4 2 where would we place the
variable?

This is easyalways place the variable out front. It means that if we take any number
and apply the pattern rule, it will still fit into the pattern.
Interesting fact: n x 4 and 4n are two different ways to express the same thing!

Lesson 4: Plotting points on a coordinate grid

This is where we met our friend: Rene Descartes

He developed the coordinate grid system (which was named after him to be called the
Cartesian Plane)
A Cartesian plane looks like this:

Practice: label the Horizontal (x) axis and Vertical (y) axis.
We use the coordinate grid to place coordinates or ordered pairs
o Ordered pairs look like this (4, 3)
Jensen 2012

If we want to place that ordered pair on the grid:

o Step 1: start at the origin (0,0)
o Step 2: The first number ONLY goes left (-) or right (+)

o Step 3: The second number ONLY goes up (+) or down (-)

o If you dont follow these rules, this will happen

o A quick mnemonic to remember:

o An Ordered Pair goes Over then uP (or down)

Lesson 5: Drawing the graph of a pattern

o This is the same idea as plotting points on a coordinate grid
Lets Practice: Fill in the Ordered Pairs column
Input
1
2
3
4
5

Output
3
5
7
9
11

Ordered Pair

Jensen 2012

o The input will always be the horizontal (x) axis

o The output will always be the vertical (y) axis
Now try to create a graph (on a separate piece of paper) and label each axis
Lesson 7: Understanding Equality
o When you think about equality in maththink of using a scale, or a teeter totter
o You want the scale or teeter totter to be balanced
Practice: Which of these expressions are equal, or balanced?
o 4+5
o 3+6
o 27 9

o 21-10
o 5-2
o 1 x 11

o The Commutative property is a cool thing in math.

o It only works for Addition and Multiplication
o If we see the expression 5 + 3, the answer is 8
o If we see the expression 3 +5, the answer is again 8
o The commutative property means that even if we reverse the numbers in an
expression, we still get the same answer
o The same works for multiplication 3 x 5 and 5 x 3 will give you the same answer
o The commutative property will NEVER work for subtraction or division

Lesson 8: Keeping Equations Balanced

o Again our focus is to keep the scales balanced
o This lesson focuses on maintaining equality, or preserving it.
o Practice: How can I make these expressions equal?
o 3 x 6 and 17 5

o What would I have to do in order for them to give the same answer?

Jensen 2012